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Index Aboakyir festival 269 animal slaughter practices 43 abolo 271 anjera pancakes 239–40 afang (okazi) 259 appetite problems, nutrition support 165–6 African-Caribbean diet 113–32 apple tea 311 common (traditional) foods 115–17, 118–20 Arabic diets 212–36 ‘healthy eating’ alternatives 116, 117–18, common (traditional) foods and meals 215–17, 121–2 218 customs and religions 115 healthy eating recommendations 218–22, diet-related disorders 223, 235 coronary heart disease and stroke 126–31 regional variations 218–20 obesity 122–3 religious restrictions 214–15 ethnographic data and UK migration 113–15 cultural and religious infl uences 214–15 further reading 132 diet-related disorders 221–36 support groups 131–2 coronary heart disease 233–6 weaning practices 343–4 diabetes 227–33 websites 131 nutritional defi ciencies 236 alcohol use obesity 221–7 East Asia 145, 187–8 ethnographic information 212–14 East Mediterranean regions 220, 241–2 UK migration 214 East and South-East European regions 284, meal patterns 215–16, 222 300–1 COPYRIGHTEDareca MATERIAL nut (chalia) 64, 77–8, 91 South Asian Sub-continent 14, 33, 45, 66, 75, atama leaves (beletientien) 259 83, 90 ayurvedic medicine 14 during pregnancy 325 and diabetes 94 allergies 346–7 see also ‘hot / cold’ foods anaemia alpha-zero-thalassaemia 168 bacterial infections, food–acquired 323–5 iron defi ciency 20, 69, 97, 168, 236 Bakatue festival 269 Multicultural Handbook of Food, Nutrition and Dietetics, First Edition. Edited by Aruna Thaker, Arlene Barton. © 2012 Blackwell Publishing Ltd. Published 2012 by Blackwell Publishing Ltd. 380 Multicultural Handbook of Food, Nutrition and Dietetics baklava 313 breastfeeding 69, 70–1, 327–31 Bangladeshi diet 72–85 advantages 327 common (traditional) foods 76–9, 80–3 beyond 12-months 331 ‘healthy eating’ recommendations 79–83 express and storage 326–7, 330 cooking methods and meal patterns 76–8 following surgery 329–30 customs and religious observances 75–6 HIV-positive mothers 330–1 demographic data and history 72–5 returning to work 331 diet-related disorders and defi ciencies 835 buckwheat dishes 281, 310 coronary heart disease 84–5 Buddhism diabetes 84 cultural legacies 138–40 obesity 83–4 demographic data impact of UK migration 74–5, 77 East Asia 138 websites 98, 101–2 Sri Lanka 85–6 barbecue dishes 45 dietary obligations 86 Basmati rice 8, 44 religious observances 86 bean curds see tofu buns beans see pulses and beans African breads 257 beauty ideals, and body weight 53–4 Asian breads 149, 151 beef and beef products, religious restrictions 4 burfi 49 beetroot soup 288 butter Bengal gram 25 cultural signifi cance 310 betel see paan (betel quid) Indian cuisines 9 beveridges see alcohol use; drinks see also ghee bhakhari fl atbread 7 Bharatu 10 caffeine intake, during pregnancy 325 bitter gourd see karela (bitter melon gourd) cakes, Eastern European 290 bitterleaf 259 calcium defi ciencies 167–8 black gram fl our see mung fl our cancer 63–8, 354–63 blessings and food offerings 4 dietary modifi cations 67–8, 162–4, 306 BMI classifi cations 52, 66, 122, 224–5, 318 incidence and ethnic variations 63–4, 95, 160–2, body weight recommendations 52, 66, 122, 224–5 353–4 and preconception advice 318 impact of industrialization 355 Bombay mix 38 native vs. migrant levels 95, 96, 162–3 bottle feeding see formula feeds overall rates 356 bowel cancer 66, 162, 357–8 UK rates 356 breadfruit leaf teas 128 lifestyle risk factors 64–6, 95 breads specifi c diseases 356–61 fi lled buns 147, 149, 181–2 breast 357 healthy options 19 cervical 359–60 Indian-style 7–8, 44 colon and rectum 66, 162, 357–8 pancake-style 240 liver 359 pitta 298 lung 356–7 religious signifi cance 280–1 nasopharyngeal 361 rice fl our rolls 171 oesophageal 360 sour-dough 280–1 oral 63–4, 360–1 sweet 7–8, 44, 280 prostate 358–9 unleavened 7–8, 44, 240 stomach 358 breast cancer 357 support and information 362–3 breast surgery / implants 329–30 websites and information sources 372 Index 381 Cantonese cuisine 142 nutritional support 164–7 carbohydrates 23–4 support groups 190 and diabetes 24 weaning practices 344 cardiovascular disease 94–5 Chinese medicine 139–40 dietary modifi cation 95 Chinese Takeaway foods 151–2 see also coronary heart disease and stroke Christianity carp fi sh 282 religious dietary observances 279–80 cassava 258, 270 Seventh Day Adventists 115 cervical cancer 359–60 in West Africa 250, 268 chaas yoghurt drinks 10, 16 Christmas celebrations 280, 298 chai (masala tea) 10 chutneys see pickles and chutneys Channuka 203–4 cigarette smoking chapatti 7–8, 32, 240 health risks 59–60, 64, 146 chickpea during pregnancy 325–6 curry 31 East Asia 146, 188 fl our 9 East and South-East European regions 284, child and infant health 326 301–2 bottle-fed infants 331–7 Eastern Mediterranean regions 220–1, 234, 242 breast-fed infants 69, 70–1, 326, 327–31 South Asian Sub-continent 14, 33–4, 47, 78, 90 defi ciency disorders 21, 69–70 cinnamon 57 dental health 347–9 coconut 88 use of dummies 349 coconut oil 173 weaning 71–2, 337–46 cocoyam leaf 259–60 cultural and religious infl uences 340–6 community educators see health education foods to avoid 339 community farms 20 timing 337–8 congee 147 weight problems 70 cornmeal 270–1 see also nutritional support coronary heart disease and stroke 35–41, 57–63, chilli pepper 261 127–31, 157–60, 233–4, 302, 306 Chinese diets 135–68 associated conditions 58, 127 common (traditional and regional) foods dietary causes 94–5, 128, 159 140–4, 147–8 dietary modifi cations 40–1, 58–9, 62, 95, Central provinces 141 128–31, 159–60, 208, 234–6, 302, 306 Eastern provinces 140–1 drug treatments 127–8 Northern provinces 140 evidence of good practice 60–1, 131 Western provinces 141–2 management and lifestyle changes 39–41, healthy eating changes 146–52 58–60, 62, 127–31 cooking methods and meal patterns 142–4 prevalence and risk factors 36, 39, 57–8, 94–5, cultural infl uences and religious observances 127, 157–9, 233–4 138–40 support and rehabilitation 61, 131 demographic information 135–7 treatment centres and projects 61–2 diet-related disorders 152–68 cows, religious signifi cance 4 cancers 160–4 ‘curries’, traditional vs. healthy options 48, 81–2, coronary heart disease and stroke 157–64 90 diabetes 154–7 nutritional defi ciencies 167–8 dairy products see milk and dairy products obesity 152–4 dal 7–8, 9, 16, 17, 31, 37, 44 further reading 190 dental problems, oral health recommendations impact of UK migration 137–8, 151 347–9 382 Multicultural Handbook of Food, Nutrition and Dietetics diabetes 21–8, 54–7, 124–6, 154–7, 208–9, 227–33, emotions and food types 4, 33 302 see also ‘hot / cold’ foods complications and associated conditions 23, 36, enteral feeds 210, 265 55, 58, 124–5, 231–3 and religious beliefs 265 hypertension and stroke 94, 232 European diets see East and South-East Europe metabolic syndrome 156 Ewe tribe (Ghana) 269 renal failure 94, 124, 208, 232–3 ewedu (cring-cring) 260 dietary and lifestyle management 23–5, 55–7, ‘exchange lists’ systems 25–7 94, 125–6, 156–7, 209, 228–31 exercise see physical activity drug treatments 228 ethnicity fi ndings 123–4, 227 fan 147 ‘good practice’ guidance 126, 233 fast-foods 53 herbs and other treatments 27–8, 56–7, 94, fasting 230–1 during pregnancy and breast-feeding 210 prevalence and risk factors 22–3, 54–5, 94, 124, religious traditions 5, 28, 42–3, 75, 204, 215, 155–6, 293, 302 238, 279 dietary restrictions see food taboos; individual restrictions for diabetes 57, 230–1 disorders; religious-based dietary fat intake restrictions dietary recommendations 20, 25 dim sum 143, 147 healthy options 20, 40 Dipo festival 269 East Asian diets 150–1, 173, 177 Diwali festival 6, 31 in South Asian Sub-continent 9, 12, 39, 40, 82 Dragon Boat festival 144 reduction guidelines 128–30 drinks risk associations 65 East Asian 143–4, 173–4, 185 see also oils and fats South Asian 10, 12, 16, 19, 46, 48, 77 fenugreek 27, 56–7 West Indian 115, 118 festivals dry mouth 166–7 Chinese populations 144 dummies 349 Christian faiths 280, 298 dumplings Hindu populations 5–6 in East Asian cuisines 140, 142–3 Muslim populations 42–3, 75, 309 in Eastern European cuisines 281 West African populations 269, 270 in West African cuisines 270–1 fi bre (dietary) 24, 65–6, 121 Durga Puja 76 insoluble 168 sources 25 East Asia fi sh Chinese diets 135–68 dried 80–1 Japanese diets 178–90 kosher 200 Vietnamese diets 168–78 marinated 281–2 East Mediterranean region 212–44 salted and smoked 271–2 Arabic diets 212–36 fi sh dishes, East Asian cuisine 149 Somalian diets 236–44 fi sh oils 40, 121, 128 East and South-East Europe 277–314 during pregnancy 323 Greek diets 296–306 ‘fi ve-a-day’ fruit and vegetable intake 40 Polish diets 277–96 folic acid 321 Turkish diets 306–14 food intolerances 346–7 Easter celebrations 280, 298 lactose 185, 272 egusi (melon seed) 260 food offerings and blessings 4 Eid-al-Adha (Sacrifi ce holiday) 75, 309 food restrictions see food taboos; religious-based Eid-al-Fitr (end of Ramadan) 75, 309 dietary restrictions Index 383 food taboos, African continent 253, 257, 258 diabetes 302 formula feeds 331–7 obesity 302 casein- and whey- dominant feeds 331–2 meal patterns 300–2 disadvantages 327–8 websites and further reading 314 follow-on feeds 332 Greek Orthodox Church 297–8 growth / weight gain expectations 335 green gram 25 indications 331 green tea 151 kosher 210 groundnut oil 261 preparation methods 336–7 Gujarati diets 6–28 specialist formulas 332–3 common (traditional) foods 6–14, 17–18 standard preparations 331 ‘healthy eating’ alternatives 15, 19–20 sterilizing