5226 CONGRESS! ON AL RECORD-HOUSE 1\{AROH 4 HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES H. R. 13060. An act to recognize the high public service ren­ dered by :M".aj. Walter Reed and those associated with him in 1\lo.NDAY, March 4, 19~9 the disc(}very of the cause and means of transmission of yellow fever; (Legislative day of Saturday, March ~. 19~9) H. R. 13632. An act for the relief of Ruth B. Lincoln; The House met at 10 o'clock a. m. at the expiration of the H. R. 13658. An act for the relief of Hugh Anthony McGuigan; recess. H. R. 13812. An act for the relief of Lieut. Robert O'Hagan, COMMITTEE TO WAIT UPON THE PRESIDENT Supply Corps, United States Navy; l\Ir. TILSON. Mr. Speaker, I send a resolution to the clerk's H. R. 14659. An act to provide for the appointment of two desk and ask for its immediate consideration. additional judges of the District Court of the United States . The SPEAKER. The clerk will report . the resolution. for the Eastern District of New York; The clerk read as follows: H. R. 15712. An act making appropriations for the military and nonmilitary activities of the War Department for the fiscal House Resolution 350 year ending June 30, 1930, and for other purposes; Resolved, That a committee of three Members be appointed by the H. R.16274. An act to provide for the establishment of a Speaker to join with a similar committee appointed by the Senate to municipal center in the District of Columbia; wait upon the President of the United States and inform him that the H. R.16661. An act to amend the act entitled "An act author­ two llouses have completed the business of the present session and are izing the paving of the Federal strip known as International ready to adjourn unless the President has some other communication Street adjacent to Nogales, Ariz.," approved May 16, 1928; and to make to them. H. R. 17053. An act making appropriations for the legislative The resolution was agreed to. branch of the Government for the fiscal year ending June 30, The SPEAKER. The Chair appoints as the committee th~ gen­ 1930, and for other purposes ; tleman from Connecticut [l\fr. TlLsoN], the gentleman from On March 1, 1929 : Oregon [Mr. HAWLEY], and the gentleman from Tennessee [Mr. H. R. 5952. An act for the relief of Robert Michael White; GARRE'IT]. H. R. 8295. An act for the appointment of an additional cir- cuit judge for the ninth judicial circuit; MESSAGE FROM THE SEN ATE H. R.12409. An act to grant to the city of Fort 'Vayne, A message from the Senate by Mr. Craven, its principal clerk, Ind., an easement over certain Government property ; announced that the Senate had passed, with amendments in H. R. 13461. An act to provide for the acquisition of land in which the concurrence of the House is requested, a bill of the the District of Columbia for the use of the United States; House of the following title: H. R.13957. An act to repeal certain provisions of law re­ H. R. 13929. An act to provide for the enlarging of the Capitol lating to the Federal building at Des l\Ioines, Iowa ; Grounds. H. R.15468. An act to repeal the provisions of law authoriz­ The message also announced that the Senate agrees to the ing the Secretary of the Treasury to acquire a site and build­ amendment of the House of Representatives to the bill ing for the United States subtreasury and other governmental (S. 5715) entitled "An act for the relief of J. H. B. Wilder." offices at New Orleans, La.; MESSAGE FROM THE PRESIDENT H. R.1993. An act to correct the naval record of William E. A message in writing from the President of the United .states Adams; was communicated to the House by Mr. Latta, one of his sec­ H. R. 2486. An act for the relief of Andrew Jackson Seward, retaries who also informed the House that on the following jr., deceased; clates the President approved and signed bills and joint resolu­ H. R.l1406. An act to consolidate or acquire alienated lands tions of the House of the following titles: in Lassen Volcanic National Park, in the State of California, On February 27, 1929: by exchange; H. R. 9168. An act for the relief of Simon A. Richardson ; H. R. 11722. An act to provide for the commemoration of the H. R. 9597. An act for the relief of Fred Elias Horton; and Battle of Monocacy, 1\fd. ; H. R. 5769. An act to authorize the consolidation and co- H. R. 12351. An act amending section 72 of the Judicial Code, ordination of Government purchases, to enlarge the functions as amended (U. S. C. title 28, sec. 145), by changing the bound­ of the General Supply Committee, to authorize the erection of aries of the divisions of the southern district of California and a public warehouse for the storage of Government supplies, terms of court for each division; and for other purposes. H. R.12638. An act for the relief of David A. Wright; On February 28, 1929 : H. R. 12793. An act for the relief of Alonzo Durward Allen ; H. R. 4266. An act for the relief of certain officers and former H. R. 13721. An act for the relief of Edwin I. Chatcuff; officers of the Army of the United States, and for the settle­ H. R. 13752. An act to provide for the construction of a ment of individual claims approved by the War Department; children's tuberculosis sanatorium; H. R.13831. An act granting the consent of Congress to the H. R.13857. An act to amend the act entitled "An act for .Momence conservancy district, its successors and assigns, to the relief of contractors and subcontractors for the post offices and other buildings and work under the supervision of the construct maintain, repair, and improve a dam across the Treasury Department, and for other purposes," approved Kankake~ River at Momence, in Kankakee County, Ill. ; and August 25, 1919, as amended ; H. R. 16658. An net to amend sections 116, 118, and 126 of H. R. 13931. An act to authorize appropriations for construc­ the Judicial Code, as amended, to divide the eighth judicial tion at military posts, and for other purpo. es; circuit of the United States, and to create a tenth judicial H. R. 15201. An act to extend the times for commen~ing ~nd ~~~ . completing the construction of a bridge acr_oss the Ohio Rtver H. R. 2474. An act for the relief of the San Francisco, Napa, at or near Maysville, Ky., and Aberdeen, Ohio; & Calistoga Railway ; H. R.15382. An act to legalize a trestle, log dun;tP. and boom H. R. 5286. An act for the relief of J. H. Sanborn; in Henderson Inlet near Chapman Bay, about 7 miles northeast H. R. 5287. An act for the relief of Etta C. Sanborn; H. R. 5288. An act for the relief of William F. Kallweit; of Olympia, Wash. ; H. R. 15577. An act to authorize the Secretary of the Navy to H. R. 5289. An act for the relief of Loretta Kallweit; dispose of material to the sea scout department of the Boy · H. R. 5758. An act amending the act approved May 4, 1926, providing for the co;nst:r:uction and m.aintenance of bathing pools Scouts of America; or beaches in the Distnct of Columbia ; H. R. 15724. An act to authorize the Secretary of the lnterior H. R. 10238. An act for the relief of Lieut. L. A. Williams, to exchange certain lands within the State of Montana, and for Supply Corps, United States Navy; other purposes; H. n. 10657. An act to authorize the assessment of levee, road, H. R.15727. An act to relinquish all right, title, and interest of drainage, and other improvement-district benefits against cer­ the United States in certain lands in the State of Washington; tain lands, and for other purposes; H. R. 16026. An act to extend the times for commencii~g an~ H. R. 10957. An act to amend the act entitled "An act for the completing the construction of a bridge across the l\llssour1 relief of contractors and subcontractors for the post offices and River at or near Randolph, 1\Io.; . other buildings and work under the supervision of the Treasury H. R. 16565. An act authorizing the Hawesville and c:mn~l­ Department, and for other purposes," approved August 25, 1919, ton Bridge Co., its successors and assigns, to construct, mamtam, .as amended by act of :March 6, 1920 ; and operate a bridge across the Ohio River at or near Cannelton, H. R. 11360. An act to authorize the Se<:retary of ~he I~terior Ind.; to convey or tranBfer certain water rights rn connectiOn With the H. R. 16881. An act to approve, ratify, and con:fir~ an act of Boise reclamation project; the Philippine Legislature entitled " An act amending the cor,: H. R. 12390. An act for the relief of Frarrk C. Messenger; poration law, Act No. 1459, as amended, and for other purposes, 1929 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 5227 enacted November 8, 1928, approved by the Governor General of H. R. 13132. An act for the relief of J. D. Baldwin, and for the Philippine Islands December 3, 1928 ; other purposes ; H. R.16954. An act granting the consent of Congress to the H. R.13521. An act for the relief of Minnie A. Travers; Camp Manufacturing Co. to construct, maintain, and operate a H. R. 13573. An act for the relief of Pedro P. Alvarez; railroad bridge across the Chowan River, in G.ates and Hertford H. R. 13593. An act to legalize a bridge across the Fox River Counties, N. C. ; at East Dundee, Ill.; H. R. 16958. An act to provide an approptiation for the pay­ H. R. 13888. An act for the relief of Charles 1\fcCoombe; ment of claims of persons who suffered damages from deaths, H. R. 13992. An act for the relief of N. P. Nelson & Co.; personal injuries, or property loss due to an airplane accident H. R. 16533. An act to authorize the American Legion, Depart­ at Langin Field, Moundsville, W. Va., July 10, 1921; ment of New Jersey, to erect a memorial chapel at the naval air H. R. 7244. An act for the relief of Mary Martin Harrison ; station, Lakehurst, N. J. ; H. R.14148. An act to amend the act of May 17, 1928, entitled H. R.16714. An act making appropriations for the Navy De­ "An act to add certain lands to the Missoula National Forest, yartment and the naval service for the fiscal year ending June 1\!ont."; 30, 1930, and for other purposes ; H. R.14457. An act validating certain conveyances heretofore H. R. 17001. An act for the relief of Capt. Walter R. Gherardi, made by Central Pacific Railway Co., a corporation, and its United States Navy; Jessee, Southern Pacific Co., a corporation, involving certain H. R. 1625. An act to carry into effect the findings of the portions of right of way in and in the vicinity of the city of Court of Claims .in favor of Myron C. Bond, Guy M. Claflin, Lodi, and near the station of Acampo, all in the county of San and Edwin A. Wells ; Joaquin, State of California, acquired by Central Pacific Rail­ H. R. 3722. An act for the relief of Robert C. Osborne ; way Co., under the act of Congress approved July 1, 1862 (vol. 12, U. S. Stat. L., p. 489), as amended by the act of Congress H. R. 5264. An act for the relief of James P. Cornes; approved July 2, 1864 (vol. 13, U. S. Stat. L., p. 356) ; H. R. 5338. An act for the relief of Roland M. Baker ; H. R. 7173. An act granting compensation to the daughters H. R. 15651. An act for the relief of Leonidas L. Cochran ; H. R.15700. An act for the relief of the heirs of William W. of James P. Gallivan; Head, deceased ; and H. R. 9530. An act for the relief of W. L. Inabnit; B. R. '16701. An act to provide for the payment of rental to H. R. 13430. An act for the relief of Arthur E. Rump ; the Board of Commissioners of the Port of New Orleans of the H. R.l3869. An act for the relief of John Wesley Clark; property known as the New Orleans Army Supply Base, New H. R.14823. An act for the relief of the Meadow Brook Club; Orleans, La. H. R. 14850. An act for the relief of Leo Byrne ; On March 2, 1929 : H. R.14897. An act for the relief of Matthias R. Munson; H. R. 14472. An act to extend the time for completing the H. R. 14975. An act for the relief of Capt. William Cassidy; construction of a bridge across the Mississippi River at or near H. R.15293. An act for the relief of Lieut. John J. Powers, the city of Vicksburg, Miss.; Quartermaster Corps ; H. R.15330. An act authorizing the acceptance by the United H. R. 15570. An act authorizing S. R. Cox, his heirs, legal States Government, from the Women's Relief Corps, auxiliary representatives, and assigns, to construct, maintain, and operate to the Grand Army of the Republic, of proposed gift of bronze a bridge across the Ohio River at or near New Martinsville, tablets to be placed in Andersonville National Cemetery in W.Va.; . Ge<>rgia; H. R. 15717. An act to extend the times for commencing and H. R. 15714. An act to extend the times for commencing and completing the construction of a bridge across the Missouri completing the construction of a bridge across the Ucmulgee River at or near Stanton, N. Dak.; River at or near Fitzgerald, Ga. ; - H. R.15718. An act granting the consent of Congress to the H. R. 15850. An act authorizing the Bainbridge Island Cham­ commissioners of the county of Lake, State of Indiana, to ber of Commerce, a corp<>ration, its successors and assigns, to rec<>nstruct, maintain, and operate a free highway bridge across construct, maintain, and operate a bridge across Agate Pass the Grand Calumet River, at or near Lake Street, in the city connecting Bainbridge Island with the mainland in Kitsap of Gary, county of Lake, Ind.; County, State of Washington; H. R. 16126. An act granting the consent of Congress to the H. R. 16131. An act to enable the Postmaster General to make commissioners of the county of Lake, State_ of Indiana, to contracts for the transportation of mails by air from possessions reconstruct, maintain, and operate a free highway bridge across or Territories of the United States to foreign countries and to the Grand Calumet River, at a point suitable to the interests the United States and between such possessions or Territories, of navigation, at or near Cline Avenue, in the cities of East and to authorize him to make contracts with private individuals Chicago and Gary, county of Lake, Ind. ; and corporations for the conveyance of mails by air in foreign H. R. 2137. An act for the relief of Ed. Snyder, William countries; Paddock, Ed. Strike, and A. S. Heydeck; H. R. 16612. An act granting the consent of C<>ngress for the H. R. 3044. An act for the relief of Leon Freidman ; construction of a dam or dams in Neches River, Tex.; H. R. 7330. An act for the relief of E. M. Gillett and J. H. H. R. 16955. An act granting the consent of Congress to the Swenarton; Camp Manufacturing Co. to co1lstruct, maintain, and operate H. R. 7976. An act for the relief of Mrs. Moore L. Henry; a railroad bridge across the Meherrin River, in Hertford H. R. 8223. An act to authorize the sale of certain buildings County, N. C.; at United States Veterans' Hospital Numbered 42, Perry Point, H. R. 16959. An act to exten'd the times for commencing and Md.; completing the construction of a bridge across the Mississippi · H. R. 8423. An act for the relief of Timothy Hanlon ; River at or near Tiptonville, Tenn. ; H. R. 8886. An act for the relief of Luc Mathias; H. J. Res. 431. Joint resolution providing for an investiga­ H. R. 9862. An act for the relief of M. T. Nilan; tion of Grover M. 1\Ioscowitz, United States district judge for H. R. 10178. An act for the relief of the H. J. Heinz Co., the eastern district of New York; Atlantic City, N. J.; H. R. 4264. An act fot· the relief of Philip V. Sullivan; H. R.10417. An act for the relief of Ge<>rge Simpson and H. R. 4440. An act for the relief of Frederick 0. Goldsmith ; R. C. Dunbar ; H. R. 4626. An act for the relief of Maj. Arthur A. Padmore; H. R. 11153. An act for the relief of Harry C. Tasker ; H. R. 6687. An act to change the title of the United States H. R. 11500. An act for the relief of Ella Mae Rinks ; Court of Customs Appeals, and for other purposes ; H. R. 13258. An act for the relief of H. L. Redlingshafer for I H. R. 7930. An act to amend section 24 of the act approved payments made in official capacity disallowed by the General February 28, 1925, entitled " An act to provide for the creation, Accounting Office ; organization, administration, and maintenance of a Naval Re­ H. R.14663. An act directing that copies of certain patent serve and a Marine Corps Reserve" ; specifications and drawings be supplied to the public library H. R. 9972. An act for the relief of Charles Silverman ; of the city of Los Angeles at the regular annual rate; H. R.10508. An act for the relief of T. P. Byram; H. R. 15723. An act authorizing an appropriation of Crow H. R.11260. An act for the relief of Frans Jan Wouters, of tribal funds for payment of council and delegate expenses, Antwerp, Belgium ; - and for other purp.oses ; H. R. 11698. An act conferring jurisdiction upon certain courts H. R. 16393. An act to include henceforth, under the designa­ of the United States to hear and determine the claim by the tion "storekeeper-gaugers," all positions which have hereto­ owner of the steamship W. I. Radcliffe against the United fore been designated as those of storekeepers, gaugers, and States, and for other purposes; storekeeper-gaugers; to make storekeeper-gaugers full-time em­ H. R. 12189. An act for the relief of Marie Rose Jean Baptiste, ployees, and for other purposes; Marins Francois, and Regina Lexima, all natives of Haiti; H. R.16436. An act to provide for the repatriation of certain H. R.12548. An act for the relief of Margaret Vaughn; insane American citizens ; 5228 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE l\iAROH 4 H. R; 16867: An act for the relief of H. E. Jones; H. R. 16604. An act to extend the times for commencing and H. R. 2659. An act f6r the relief of Annie M. Lizenby; completing the construction· of a bridge across the Cumberland H. R. 3537. An act for the relief of William F. Goode; River at or near . Center Point, ·in Monroe County,· Ky.; H. R. 3677. An act for the relief of F . .M. Gray, Jr., Co.; H. R. 16719. An act granting the consent of Congress to the H. R. 4029. An act for the relief of Maude A. Sanger; city of Chattanooga and the county of Hamilton, Tenn., to H. R. 5399. An act for the relief of George Heitkamp; construct, maintain, and operate a bridge across the Tennessee H. R. 7552. An act for the relief of Bertina Sand ; River, at or near Chattanooga, Hamilton County, Tenn.; H. R. 9546. An act for the relief of T. D. RandaJl & Co. ; H. R. 16725. An act authorizing L. L. Thompsen, his heirs, H. R. 10045. An act for the relief of Robert S. Ament ; legal representatives, and assigns, to construct, maintain, and H. R. 11508. An act for the reliQf of Kirby Hoon; operate a bridge across the Red River at or near Montgomery, H. R.l2198. An act to authorize the exchange of timber La.; with the Saginaw & Manistee Lumber Co.; H. R. 16791. An act to extend the times for commendng H. R.12650. An act for the relief of John F. Fleming; and completing the construction of a bridge across the M.onon­ H. R.14873. An act for the relief of Chesley P.· Key; gahela River at or near Point Marion, Pa. ; H. R. 15292. An act for the relief of the First National Bank H. R. 349. An act to supplement the naturalization laws, ·and I of Porter, Okla.; for other purposes; H. R. 15421. An act for the relief of D. B. Heiner; H. R. 6499. An act granting the consent of Congress to com­ H. R. 15916. An act to provide for the construction of a new pacts or agreements between the States of New Mexico and bridge across the South Branch of the M).ssissippi River from Arizona with respect to the division and apportionment of the Sixteenth Street, Moline, Ill., to the east end of the island occu­ waters of the Gila and San Francisco Rivers and all other pied by tbe Rock Island Arsenal ; streams in . which such States are jointly interested; H. R.16170. An act authorizing Walter J. Mitchell, his heirs, H. R. 7025. An act granting the consent of Congress to _com­ legal representatives, and assigns, to construct, maintain, and pacts or agreements between the States of Colorado, Oklahoma, operate a bridge across the Patuxent River, south of Burch, and Kansas with resl)ect to the division and apportionment of Calvert County, Md.; the waters of the Arkansas River and all other streams in H. R. 16205. An act authorizing the Fayette City Bridge Qo., which such States are jointly interested; its successors and assigns, to construct, maintain, and operate H. R. 7174. An act granting compensation to William T. Ring; a bridge across the Monongahela River at or near Fayette City, H. R.10321. An act for the relief of B. P. Stricklin; Fayette County, Pa.; H. R. 10431. An act to amend section 101 of the Judicial Code; H. R. 16382. An act to extend the times for commencing and H. R. 12867. An act granting an honorable discharge to Pierce completing the construction of a bridge across the Cumberland Dale Jackson ; River at or near Burnside, Pulaski County, Ky.; H.'R.13260. An act for the relief of Josiah Harden; · H. R. 16659. An act to authorize an appropriation to pay one­ H. R. 14583. An act for the relief of A. Brizard (Inc.) ; half. the cost of a bridge across Cherry Creek on the Cheyenne H. R.14728. An act for the relief of J. A. Smith; River Indian Reservation, S. Dak. ; H. R.15387. An act to amend the act of February 9, 1907, H. R. 16660. An act to authorize an appropriation to pay one­ entitled "An act to define the term 'registered nurse' and to half the cost of a bridge on the Cheyenne River Indian Reserva~ provide for the registration of nurses in the District of tion in South Dakota ; Columbia"; H." R. 8298. An act authorizing acquisition of a site for the H. R. 16342. An act for the relief of Clyde H. Tavenner; farmers' produce market, and for other purposes; H. R. 16384. An act to extend the times-for commencing and H. J. Res. 377. Joint resolution authorizing the erection on completing the construction of a bridge across the Cumberland public grounds in the District of Columbia of a monument or River at or near Burkesville, Cumberland County, Ky. ; memorial to Oscar S. Straus; H. R. 16387. An act to extend the times for commencing and H. J. Res. 399. Joint resolution providing more economical completing the construction of a bridge across the Cumberland and improved methods for the publication and distribution of River at or near Iuka, Ky. ; the Code of Laws of the United States and of the District of H. R. 16388. An act to extend the times for commencing and Columbia and supplements; completing the construction of a bridge across the Tennessee H. R. 4215. An act for the relief of Frank L. Merrifield ; River at or near Eggners Ferry, Ky.; H. R. 4611. An act for the relief of Marion M. Clark; H. R.16389. An act to extend the times for commencing.'and H. R. 5341. An act for the relief of the Staunton Brick Co. ; completing the construction of a bridge across the Tennessee H. R. 6496. An act granting the consent of Congress to com- River at or near the mouth of Clarks River;· pacts or agreements between the States of New Mexico and H. R. 16406. An act to repeal the provision of law granting Oklahoma with respect to the division and apportionment of a pension to Annie E.- Springer; the waters of the Cimarron River and all other streams in H. R.16407. An act to repeal the provision of law granting which such States are jointly interested; a pension to Lottie A. Bowhall ; H. R. 6497. An act granting the consent of Congress to com­ H. R. 16423. An act to extend the times for commencing and pacts or agreements between the States of New Mexico, Okla· completing. the construetiorr of· a bridge across Lake Sabin-e at homa, and Texas with respect to the division and apportion­ or near Port Arthur, Tex;; • · ment of the waters of the Rio Grande, Pecos, and Canadian H. R. 16425. · ~ act to extend the times for commencing and or Red Rivers, and all other streams in which such States completing the construction of a bridge across the Missouri are jointly interested; River at or near Rulo, Nebr.; H. R. 7024. An act granting the consent of Congress to com­ H. R. 16426. An act to extend the times for commencing and pacts or agreements between the States of Colorado and New completing the construction of a bridge across the Missouri Mexico with respect to the division and apportionment of the River at or near Nebraska City, Nebr.; waters of the Rio Grande, San Juan, and Las Animas Rivers H. R.16427. An act to extend the times for commencing and and all other streams in which such States are jointly inter· completing the construction. of a bridge across the Cumberland ested; River at or- near the mouth of Indian ·Creek in Russell County, H. R. 7230. An act for the relief of Charles L. Dewey; Ky. ; . H. R. 8598. An act for the relief of James ·J. Dower; H. R. 16430. An act extending the time for constructing ·a H. R. 8987. An act for the relief of John R. Butler; bridge acr~s th~ Kanawha River at a point in or near the town H. R.12359. An act for the relief of the widow of Edwin D. of Henderson, W.Va., to a point opposite thereto in or near the Morgan; city of Point Pleasant, W.Va.; H. R. 14242. An act for the relief of Everett A. Dougherty; H. R. 16431. An act extending the times for commencing and H. R.16169. An act to authorize the Secretary of War to completing the construction of a bridge to be built across the accept title to a certain tract of land adjacent to the Indiana Kanawha River at or near Henderson, W. Va., to a point oppo­ Harbor Ship Canal at East Chicago, Ind.; site thereto at or near Point Pleasant, W. Va.; H. R. 16383. An act to extend the times for commencing H. R. 16432. An act granting the consent of Congress to the and completing the construction of a bridge across the South Highway Departm~mt of the County of Etowah, State of Ala­ Fork of the Cumberland River at or near Burnside, Pulaski bama, to construct, maintain, and operate a bridge acros~ the County, Ky.; Coosa River at or near Gilberts Ferry ; H. R. 16385. An act to extend the times for commencing and H. R. 16433, An act to extend the times for commencing and completing tlie construction of a bridge across the Cumberland completing the construction of a bridge across the Missouri River at or near Canton, Ky.; River at or near Decatur, Nebr. ; H. R. 16386. An act to extend the times for commencing and H. R. 16448. An act to extend the times for commencing and completing the construction of a bridge across the Cumberland completing the construction of a bridge across the Mississippi River at or near Smithland, Ky.; River at or near the village of Clearwater, Minn. ; 1929 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE H. R. 16499. An act to extend the times for commencing and H. R.16122. An act for the relief of E. Schaaf-Regelman; completing the construction of a bridge across the Kanawha H. R. 16209. An act to enable the Rock Creek and Potomac River at or near St. Albans, Kanawha County, W. Va.; Parkway Commission, established by act of l\fai'ch 4, 1913, to H. R. 16531. An act to extend the times for commencing and make slight changes in the boundaries of said parkway by ex­ completing the construction of a bridge across the Ohio River cluding therefrom and selling certain small areas, and including at or near Golconda, lll. ; other limited areas, the net cost not to _exceed the total' sum H. R. 16603. An act to extend the times for commencing and already authorized for the entire project; completing the construction of a bridge across the Cumberland H. R 16535. An act authorizing the Secretary of War to exe­ River at or near Arat, Cumberland County, Ky.;. cute a satisfaction of a certain mortgage given by the Twin City H. R. 16005. An act to extend the times for commencing and Forge & Foundry Co. to the United States of America ; completing the construction of a bridge across the Cumberland H. R 16839. An act to provide for investigation of sites suit- River at or near Creelsboro, in Russell County, Ky.; able for the establishment of a naval airship base; H. R.16606. An act to extend the times for commencing and H. R .. 4244. An act for the relief of Joseph Lee; completing the construction of a bridge across the Cumberland H. R.13734. An act for the relief of.James McGourty; River at or near Neelys Ferry, in Cumberland County, Ky.; H. R.16982. An act authorizing J. E. Robinson, his heirs, legal H. R. 16609. An act extending the times for commencing and representatives, and assigns, to construct, maintain, and operate completing the construction of a bridge across the Ohio River a bridge across the Tombigbee River at or near Coffeeville, at Sistersville, Tyler County, W. Va.; Ala.; H. R. 16610. An act to extend the times for commencing and H. R.17007. An act to extend the times for commencing and completing the construction of a bridge across the Mississippi completing the construction of a bridge across the Mississippi River at or near Chester, Randolph County, Ill. ; River at or near Hickman, Ky. ; H. R. 16640. An act to extend the times for commencing and H. R. 17075. An act to extend the times for commencing and completing the construction of a bridge across the Ohio River completing the construction of a bridge across the Red River at or near Mound City, lll.; _ _ of the North at or near Fargo, N. Dak.; H. R. 16641. An act to extend the times for commencing &.nd H. R.17127. An act to extend the times for commencing and completing the construction of a bridge across the Missouri completing the construction of a bridge across the Des Moines River at or near Washington, Mo.; River at or near Croton, Iowa ; , H. R. 16645. An act to extend_the times for commencing and H. R.17140. An act to extend the times for commencing and completing the construction of a bridge across the Mississippi completing the construction of a bridge across the Mahoning River at or near Helena, Ark. ; River at or near Warren, Trumbull County, Ohio; H. R.16666. An act for the relief of Katherine Elizabeth H. R.17141. An act to extend the times for commencing and Kerrigan Callaghan ; completing the construction of an overhead viaduct across the H. R. 16818. An act to extend the times for commencing and Mahoning River at or near Niles, Trumbull County, Ohio; completing the construction· of a bridge across the Ohio River H. R. 17185. An act to extend the times for commencing and at or near Wellsburg, W. Va.; completing the construction of a bridge across the Ohio River H. R. 16824. An act to extend the times for commencing and at or near Cairo, Ill. ; . completing th~ construction of a bridge across the Missouri H. R. 15220. An act for the relief of Francis X. Callahan ; and River at or near Kansas City, Kans. ; H. R.17101. An act to-accept the cession by the State of Colo­ H. R. 17020. An · act-to extend the times for commencing and rado of exclusive jurisdiction over the lands embraced within ~ompleting the construction of a _bridge across Lake Cham­ the Rocky l\Iountain National Park, and for other purposes. plain at or near Rouses Point, N. Y. ; On March 4, 1929: H. R. 17023. An act to extend the times for commencing and H. J. Res. 355. Joint resolution authorizing the appropriation -completing the construction of a bridge across Lake Champlain of the sum of $50,000 to enable the Secretary of State to co­ at or near East Alburg, Vt.; operate withrthe-se-vetal governments~ members of the Pan Amer­ H. R. 17026. An act granting a part of the Federal building ican Union, furthering the building of an inter~American high­ site at Savannah, Ga., to the city of Savannah for street pur­ way or highways ; poses; H. J. Res. 434. Joint resolution to appoint Homer W. Hall ,a H. R.17060. An act to readjust the commissioned personnel member or the subcommittee of the Committee on the Judiciary of the Coast Guard and for other purposes; established under House Joint Resolution 431 to inquire into the H. R. 17079. An act to repeal the provisions in the act of official conduct of Grover l\1. 1\-foscowitz, United States district April 30, 1908, and other legislation limiting the annual per judge for the eastern district of New York; capita cost in Indian schools; H. R. 3047. An act for the relief of J. Edward Burke; _ H. R. 2425. An act for the relief of Annie McColgan ; H. R. 10817. An act for the relief of the Merrill Engineering H. R. 4265. An act for the relief of certain officers -and•former Co:; officers of the Army of the United States, and for other indi.... H. R. 12106. An act to erect a national monument at Cowpens _vidual claims approved by the War Department; battle ground; · H. R. 5995. An act for the relief of John F. O'Neil; H. R.12502. An act for the relief of John H. and Avie D. H. R. 6698. An act for the relief of William C. Schmitt; Mathison, parents of Charles W. Mathison, deceased; H. R. 6705. An act for the relief of Clotilda Freund ; H . R. 13936. An act to amend the second paragraph of section H. R. 8401. An act for the relief of Jack Mattson; 4 of the Federal farm loan act, as amended ; H. R. 8691. An act for the relief of Helen Gray; H. R. 15430. An act continuing the powers and authority of H. R. 9396. An act to compensate Eugenia Edwards, of Saluda, the Federal Radio Commission under the radio act of 1927, and S. C., for allowances due and unpaid during the World W~r; for other purposes; H. R.10912. An act to reimburse or compensate Capt. John H. R. 15715. An act authorizing Eugene Rheinfrank, his heirs, W. Elkins, jr., for part of salary retained by War Depart­ legal representatives, and assigns, to construct, maintain, and ment and money turned over to same by him; operate a bridge across the Maumee River at or near its mouth; H. R.11339. An act for the relief of the estate of C. C. Spiller, H. R.16395. An act to amend the World War adjusted com­ deceased; pen&ation act, as amended, by reducing the rates of interest on H. R 12255. An act for the relief of Martha C. Booker, ad­ loans made by the Veterans' Bureau upon the security of ad­ ministrah·ix of the estate of Hunter R. Booker, deceased; H.- H. justed service certificates, and for other purposes ; Holt; and Annie V. Groome, administratrix of the estate of H. R. 16440. An act relating to declarations of intention in Nelson S. Groome, deceased ; naturalization proceedings; II. R.12475. An act for the relief of Alfred L. Diebolt, sr., H. R. 16878. An act granting pensions and increase of pensions and Alfred L. Diebolt, jr.; to certain soldiers and sailors of the Regular Army and Navy, H. R. 13801. An act for the relief of J ohn Bowie; etc., and certain soldiers and sailors of wars other than the H. R.14022. An act for the relief of Felix Cole for losses in­ Civil War, and to widows of such soldiers and sailors; curred by him arising out of the performance of his duties in the H. R. 17122. An act to extend the times for commencing and American Consular Service ; completing the construction of a bridge across the Columbia H. R.14089. An act for - the r elief of Dale S. Rice; River at Entiat, Wash.; H. R. 16082. An act to authorize the disposition of unplatted H. R. 17208. An act to extend the times for commencing and portions of _Government town sites on irrigation projects under completing the construction of a bridge across the Missouri the reclamation act of June 17, 1902, and for oth~r purposes; River at or near Niobrara, Nebr.; H. R. 16089. An act for the relief of Elizabeth Quinerly H. R. 17262. An act authorizing H. L. Cloud, his heirs, legal Cummings; representatives, and assigns, to construct, maintain, and operate H. R. 16090. An act for the relief of Hugh Dortch ; a bridge across the Canadian River at or near Francis, Okla. ; 5230 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE ~Lllicn 4 .... H. R.17237. An act to extend the times for commencing and H. R.17223. An act making appropriations to supply defi­ completing the construction of a bridge across the Calumet ciencies in certain appropriations for the fiscal year ending River at or .near One hundred and thirtieth Street, Chicago, June 30, 1929, and prior fiscal years to provide supplemental Cook County, Ill.; . appropriations. for the fiscal years ending June 30, 1929, June H. R. 17311. An act to extend the time for completing the con­ 30, 1930, and for other purposes ; struction of a bridge across the Mississippi River at or near H. R.17231. An act to extend the times for commencing and Cairo, Ill. ; . completing the construction of a bridge across the Calumet H. R.17322. An act to amend the act approved June 22, 1926, River, at or near One hundred and thirtieth Street, Chicago, entitled "An act to amend that part of the act approved August Cook County, Ill. ; 29, 1916, relative to the retirement of captains, commanders, H. R.17262. An act authorizing H. L. Cloud, his heirs, legal and lieutenant commanders in the line of the Navy"; representatives and assigns, to construct, maintain, and operate H. R. 15848. An: act making appropriations to supply urgent a bridge across the Canadian River, at or near Francis, Okla.; deficiencies in certain appropriations for the fiscal year ending H. R. 17311. An act to exten~ the time for completing the June 30, 1929, and prior fiscal years, to provide urgent supple­ construction of a bridge across the Mississippi River, at or near . mental appropriations for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1929, Cairo, Ill. ; and for other purposes ; H. R.17322. An act to amend the act approved June 22, 1926, H. R. 17223. An act making appropriations to supply defi­ entitled "An act to amend that part of the act approved ciencies in certain appropriations for the fiscal year ending August 29, 1916, relative to the retirement of captains, com­ June 30, 1929, and prior fiscal years, to provide supplemental manders, and lieutenant commanders, in the line of the Navy;" appropriations for the fiscal years ending June 30, 1929, and H. J. Res. 355. House resolution authorizing the appropria­ ·June 30, 1930, and for other purposes; tion of the sum of $50,000 to enable the Secretary of State to H. R. 15089. An' act making appropriations for the Depart­ cooperate with the several Governments, members of the Pan ment of the Interior for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1930, American Union, furthering the building of an inter-American and for other purposes ; and highway or highways; H. R. 17218. An act authorizing the State Highway Commis­ H. J. Res. 434. House resolution to appoint HoMER W. HALL a sion, Commonwealth of Kentucky, to construct, maintain, and member of the subcommittee of the Committee on the Judi­ operate a bridge across the Ohio River at or near Maysville, ciary, established under the House Joint Resolution 431, to Ky. inquire into the official conduct of Grover M. Moscowitz, United ENROLLED BILLS SIGNED States district judge for the eastern district of New York; Mr. CAMPBELL, from the Committee on Enrolled Bills, re­ H. R. 9285. An act to provide for the settlement of claims ported that that committee had examined and found truly en­ against the United States on account of property damage, per­ -rolled a bill of the House of the following title, which was there­ sonal injury, or death ; upon signed by the Speaker: H. R.16440. An act relating to declarations of intention in H. R. 13929. An act to provide for the enlarging of the Capitol naturalization proceedings ; and Grounds. H. R. 17218. An act authorizing the State Highway Commis­ The SPEAKER announced his signature to enrolled bills of sion, Commonwealth of Kentucky, to construct, maintain, and the Senate of the following titles: operate ·a bridge across the Ohio River, at or near Maysville, S. 2127. An act for the relief of William S. Welch, trustee of Ky. the estate of the J oliet Forge Co., Joliet, Ill., bankrupt; MORTON .ARBORETUM AT LISLE, DU PAGE COUNTY, ILL. S. 5715. An act for the relief of J. H. B. Wilder. l\Ir. REID of Illinois. l\Ir. Speaker, I ask unanimous consent BILLS PRESENTED TO THE PRESIDENT to extend my remarks in the RECORD in regard to arboretums Mr. CAMPBELL, from the Committee on Enrolled Bills, re­ and to include therein a description of the Joy Morton Arbore­ ported that that committee did on March 2, 1929, present to the tum in Du Page County, lil. President, for his approval, bills of the House of the following The SPEAKER. Is there objection to the request of the titles: gentleman from Illinois? H. R. 3047. An act for the relief of J. Edward Burke; There was no objection. H. R. 10817. An act for the relief of the Merrill Engineering Mr. REID of Illinois. Mr. Speaker, I desire to call to the Co.; attention of the House, and to the country at large, a laudable H. R. 12106. An act to erect a national monument at Cowpens undertaking by Joy Morton in establishing at Lisle, Du Page Battle Ground; County, Ill., in my congressional district, one of the great H. R. 12502. An act for the relief of John H. and A vie D. arboretums of this country. Mathison, parents of Charles W. Mathison, deceased; In 1921 he created a foundation to be known as the Morton H. R. 13929. An act to provide for the enlarging of the Capitol Arboretum for-among other things- Grounds; to increase the general knowledge and love of trees and shrubs and H. R. 13936. An act to amend the second paragraph of section bring about an increase and improvement in their growth and culture. 4 of the Federal farm loan act, as amended ; H. R.15089. An act making appropriations for the Depart­ This arboretum is so well equipped and has been so intelli­ ment of the Interior for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1930, gently conducted that already many thousands of trees and and for other purposes; shrubs have been raised in the propagating department from H. R.15715. An act authorizing Eugene Rheinfrank, his heirs, seeds collected in all parts of the world, and there are more ,legal representatives, and assigns, to construct, maintain, and than 3,000 different species and varieties of woody plants now operate a bridge across the Maumee River, at or near its growing, besides great numbers of rare specimens of plant life, mouth; a full description of the arboretum appearing later herein. H. R. 15848. An act making appropriations to supply urgent The Government maintains no arboretum at the present deficiencies in certain appropriations for the fiscal year ending time, although it does have in Washington a small Botanical June 30, 1929, and prior fiscal years to provide urgent supple­ Garden, but the Secretary of Agriculture is now engaged in mental appropriations for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1929, purchasing land near the Anacostia River here in Washington and for other purposes; for a national arboretum, under a law enacted March 4, 1927. H. R. 15430. An act continuing th~ powers and authority of An arboretum is an area devoted to the trial and experiments the Federal Radio Commission under the radio act of 1927, upon trees of different regions and localities. Arboretums and for other purposes ; serve as trial grounds in which we may know whether or not H. R.16395. An act to amend the World War adjusted a given species is adapted to the local soil and climatic condi­ compensation act, as amended, by reducing the rates of interest tions in which the trial is made. They afford an opportunity on loans made by the Veterans' Bureau upon the security of to test the suitability of trees for various purposes as to their adjusted service certificates, and for other purposes; rate of growth and their ability to fruit and flower under the H. R. 16878. An act granting pensions and increase of pen­ trial conditions. They are research centers of the highest type sions to certain soldiers and sailors of the Regular Army and and many more of them are needed in America to fill in the Navy, etc., and certain soldiers and sailors of wars other than gaps in our knowledge of trees. the Civil War, and to widows of s.uch soldiers and sailors; What is called an arboretum in the United States is usually H. R. 17122. An act to extend the times for commencing and called in foreign countries a botanical garden. completing the construction of a bridge across the Columbia A number of arboretums have been started in the United River, at Entiat, Wash.; States to determine for the specific locality in which estab­ H. R. 17208. An act to extend the times for commencing and lished the suitability of trees for that region. l\Iost of these completing the construction of a bridge across the Missouri have been established by institutions, a few have been estab­ River, at or near Niobrara, Nebr.; lished by the individual States. Others have been established

'· 1929 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-· ROUSE 5231 through the efforts of far~s~ing meri who have ·s·een the need not only- throughout Illinois but in the western prairies where, and envisioned the place that these will occupy in the future before the days of the railroad, fuel, -fencing, and shelter was life of the Nation. difficult, if not impossible to obtain. .Among those who have seen the vision of what an arboretum Other needs have developed. Our main wood-pulp species, ca.n provide in the way of an opportunity for the improvement the spruce and the fir of the Northeast and Canaa.a, have been of our native forests and trees and contribute to the future seriously depleted by fir~, insects, 3.!1d by overcutting, the result welfare of our country is Mr. Joy Morton, who created the of our tremendous use of paper. To assist in meeting the need foundation to be known as the Morton .Arboretum at Lisle, for a fast-growing species of tree commercially adapted for Du Page County, Ill. . • pulping the manufacturers have turned to the trial grounds, the· It is through t,he public-spirited efforts of such men as 1\fr. arboretum, and have discovered certain improved strains of trees Morton that the scientific foresters are able to tell us what that grow faster than any of the wild aspens or poplars from they can about our trees and shrubs, about tb,e possibilities of which the strain was developed. Manufacturers of high-grade new species and varieties for American conditions and of the fm"'liture are looking for strains of maple and walnut that will possibilities of these species when our own are attacked or breed true and furnish the curly grain wood we so desire in our threatenei;i by. foreign diseases and insects. cabinets and interior finish. Naval-stores operators would So that one may see how important this kind of work is and obtain greater returns from their pine orchards did they have a how our future welfare may be dependent on it, I will make tree of high resin production adapted to growth under American a short statement on the subject. ·But before I do so, I desire conditions. , to state that this country needs more far-seeing public-spirited For the most part the forester in .America must deal with the men like Joy Morton and those men who are able to do so, on wild stock of the forest as it has come to him, modified by no account of success in the commercial world, and who desire human considerations. In agriculture, we are dealing with to perpetuate their memory in a praiseworthy way and at plants that have been in the process of evolution for hundreds the same time help a great cause in a great way, could do no of years, and in some cases probably thousands. Plants of rapid better than to follow his example. growth, of quick bearing, of high yields, of resistant strains, When· the first voyagers came to the American shores they have been developed and are being developed. In forestry no discovered in the new land, a wealth of trees and of forest such enterprise on an adequate scale has been yet attempted, such· ·-as had never before been found. The forests presented but here and there, at arboretums, are men who have been study­ such an alluring and inviting appearance that the returning ing and working to develop our trees and to procm·e for us trees adventurers told wondrous tales in the homeland which served of higher yields, better growth, and more suited for our uses only to whet tbe curiosity of other adventurous spirits who de­ than the species our forefathers found at their hand. sired to explore further the unknown lands. Thus, the early What the scientist has done for agriculture, and what the accounts show that the first voyagers and explorers noted horticulturist has done for our :flowers and fruits, only serves the large varieties of trees and shrubs possessed in the new to focus attention upon the great gains which can accrue to our lands, ranging from the stately pines and the dark spruces country through researc~ in forestry at arbo:t:etums and at the of the North .Atlantic region, to the magnificent hardwood forest experiment stations. and pine forests found in the neighborhood of the Jamestown There is another side to the development of these trees that colony in Virginia, and to the extensive pine forests of the should be considered distinct from the mere utilitarian develop­ Florida coast. ment of the rapid-growing trees with special manufacturing Throughout the early literature are constant references to qualities, a side which makes the development of aJ,:boretums a the wonderful possibilities that these forests afforded, and national economic necessity and stresses their importance as a the Firet Supply of the London Virginia Company brought potential resource. This is the use of the arboretum to test out to our shores artisans who were to supply the British Isles the suitability of foreign qees for .American conditions and their with material from the Virginia forests. In fact, of the three resistance to disease and insect ~sts which continually threaten boats in this First Supply expedition in 1608, one returned our own native Species. · to England laden with forest produce consisting of cedat As America. has developed and as commerce has brought planks, posts and shingles, pitch, tar, and turpentine, and pot­ plants from many lands to our shores, there has also been ashes. American forest tree seeds were also taken in this first brought to us tree diseases and forest insects which threaten supply and planted in the royal gardens of the Queen, who had our trees and forests. .Among the most notable of these may be in part financed the expedition. mentioned the chestnut blight which has spread with previously Explorers and travelers in America in the eighteenth century unheard-of rapidity for a tree disease, throughout the- entire reported with delight the many new varieties and species found, range of the chestnut, resulting in the loss of this most valuable species that afforded opportunities in agriculture no less than timber species from our eastern hardwood forests. The chest­ in forestry. Walnuts and hickories there were in abundance nut is passing rapidly out of the picture, and in a few years with their supply of nuts for human consumption as well as for will be practically extinct in America. The gipsy and brown­ livestock; sassafras there was for its medicinal values; mighty tail moths, introduced insects, have caused tremendous damage oaks, suitable for shipbuilding, produced abundant acorns for to the forests of New England and have destroyed many shade fattening the hogs of the colonists; mulberry trees grew in a trees throughout southern New England. So also the larch profusion that suggested the production of silk in early colonial canker, now found in ~;>cattered localities in the northeast, is times ; pines there were of great value for their pitch, tar, and making a serious threat to t:qe valuable Dougla~ fir fo1·ests of turpentine; cedar, cypress, locust, and other durable woods for our Pacific coast. Such forest diseases and insect pests were building purposes abounded. known abroad for many years, and in fact they have caused It was not necessary in those early days to introduce other serious damage there. tree species into the new land, although Micheaux, the famous But in their natural habitat, enemies and climatic conditions French botanist, and others did so on an exceedingly limited have either kept these destructive agencies in check or the scale. The American forest was looked upon in many instances trees have developed a resistance which has enabled them to as a barrier to settlement, and the object of the early agricul­ overcome their troubles. Whether or not the trees to which turists was to eliminate the forest that crops might be planted. these insects and diseases are hosts are equa,l or superior to This was unlike many another region which man has since our native trees which the diseases are attacking here, is not visited for elsewhere he has generally found the local forest known, and neither is it known whether many of these resistant inadequate to supply him with the kind and character of wood, tree species are suitable for American conditions. As trial fruit, or shelter, suited for his local needs. Thus, for example, grounds, for this reason if for no other, arboretums in America early colonists of .Australia and South .Africa found tlie are of exceedingly great importance. eucalyptus hardwood forest furnished wood unsuited for build­ ing purposes, aD:,d it was not long before they ttad introduced the MORTON ARBORETUM AT LISLN~ DU PAGE COUNTY~ ILL. Californian Monterey pine to supply them with lumber for con­ It seems that it still is little understood by the general struction material. public what really is the aim of the Morton .Arboretum and However, in .America, as time passed and the dense forest was what it does propose to accomplish for the common good. supplanted by farms, need arose for species of trees most suit­ Most frequently the arboretum is mistaken ' for a nursery able for particular American conditions. Thus in the settlement and is requested to supp.ly certain plants, or it is looked upon of the western prairies, wood was needed for fuel, posts were as a private park, which is open to the public. In reality it needed for fencing, shelter was needed for livestock. is neither of the two. This need of the early prairie settler was met by extensive The term " arboretum " is usually explained as designating experiments carried on by a professor of lllinois College who, an "outdoor museum of woody plants," but the Morton in a small arboretum of his own development, discovered that Arboretum eXpects to do more than to merely co1lect all the the Osage orange met fully the requirements of the prairie hardy woody plants of the wor,ld, and to exhibit them in mu­ farmer. This discovery hastened the sett1ep1.ent of prairie lands seum fashion, though in a living state. To test all the hardy 5232 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE lfARCH 4 woody plants under various conditions, to find out for what from seeds collected in all parts of the world ; many seeds, cut­ they may be used, and in particular, to test and study all the tings, and scions have· been obtained from the Arnold Arbo­ hardy timber trees of the world, which may be used for retum, including seeds of several hundred kinds of hawthorns. reforestation purpose is, in short, the aim of tlie Morton About 3,000 different species and varieties of woody plants are Arboretum. No plants are for sale at the Morton Arboretum, now growing at the Morton Arboretum. which is raising plants onl~ for its own needs. The pub,lic _is GENERAL PLAN OF THE ARBORETUM welcome to visit the arboretum, but is -requested to refram The trees and shrubs are generally arranged according to their from picking flowers, which they are trying to preserve, and bptanical class.ification so that related plants may be easily not to walk through the newly planted groups until paths have compared, but there are also geographical groups, areas to illus­ been prepared to make them accessible. trate forests, and planting for landscape effect. Primitive man, we are told, was dominated by the forest, The plantings for landscape effect are chiefly along the bound­ and history is rich in evidence of the achievement of human aries of the arboretum and borders of streams, lakes, and drives. progress through knowledge derived from wood. All the various groups are made to harmonize with each other. With wood · man learned to build homes and create archi­ In the forestry plantings are large groups of trees valuable tecture; to construct ships and master navigation; to b~ild for forestry purposes, whose economic and practical value is bridges ; and through the agency of wood to acquire more being tested. fundamental knowledge of related subjects than he has of the GEOGRAPHICAL GROUPS properties of wood itself. The geographical groups in the arboretum now include and Abundant forests have made the United States the greatest will include further specimens of trees forming typical col­ wood-using nation and also the greatest wood waster of the lections from Japan, northern and centl:al China, Amurland, world. Conservation of the remaining forests in the public Si}?eria, Balkans, _Caucasus, the Pyrenees, and elsewhere. domain and the full utilization of cut-over lands, now barren and practically worthless, by comprehensive, persistent, and A--THE .rAPANESE GROUP systematic reafforestation is unquestionably the duty of our The Japanese group is not yet complete, but is well started, Government and should receive the approval of all good and the arrangement of the trees and shrubs has been made in citizens. such a way as to represent five zones of vegetation found in the With due appreciation of America's future need for lumber rapid rise of the surface from sea level to everlasting snow on and after careful investigation of the few arboretums of the the mountain peaks, so noticeable in Japan. northern temperate zone, the Morton Arboretum at Lisle, Du These five bands or zones of plant life are: I, the pine forest Page County, Ill., wa·s founded in 1921 by J·oy.·· Morton for the O:f the lower levels ;. II, . the deciduous forest of the lower region ; purpose of giving facilities for forestry observation, study, ~nd · III, the prairie region which has afforded many garden flowers researrh. · grown in all parts of the world ; IV; the deciduous forest of the The fine achievements of the Arnold Arboretum at Boston, upper levels; and V, highest of all, the coniferous trees of the for more than half a century under the forceful direction of . upper regions· extending up. to the timber line. Prof. Charles S. Sargent, the Royal Botanical Gardens of The first or lowest zone includes some curious and beautiful Kew ·at London and the splendid work that has been done in evergreens, of which may be mentioned the peculiar Sciadopitys France Belgium, and Germany, all suggested to the founder · verticillata, specimens of which are making good growth. that niinois could have and should have an arboretum growing The second zone contains, besides several kinds of the famed· all the woody plants capable of withstanding the climate of Japanese cherries, catalpas, and magnolias, a thorny tree with illinois. leaves like the castor. bean, Acanthopanax ricinifolium. The purposes and aim of the Morton Arboretum, as ex- -A very handsome evergreen ilex (Hex crenata), trees of the pressed in the declaration of trust establishing it, are stated apple groups, firs, spruces, junipers, and larches are to be found as- in the fourth and fifth zones. Forms of quinces, Cydonia, occur " Creating a foundation to be known as the Morton Arbore- in both the upper and lower zones. tum," for practical, scientific research work in horticulture and B-THE EUROPEAN FOREST agriculture, particularly in the growth and culture of trees, East of the Rose Garden several acres are used for European shrubs, and vines by means of a great outdoor museum ar- plantings such as larches, oaks, mixed wood, alder grove, beech ranged for convenient study of every species, variety, arrd wood, spruce forest, birch grove, and pine forest. hybrid of the woody plants of the world able to support the climate of illinois, such museum to be equipped with an herba- As elsewhere throughout the Morton Arboretum, the trees are - rium a reference library, and laboratories for the study of set to give a parklike effect, like little islands with openings. trees' and other plants, with reference to their characters, between, separating the various groups. The grass paths, as relationships, economic value, geographical distribution and well as the roads, are also used as boundaries between the their improvement by selection and hybridization ; and for the various plantings. publication of the results obtained in these laboratories by the NATIVE TREEs AND PLANTS officials and students of the arboretum, in order to increase A printed list of plants--trees, shrubs, perennials, annuals, the general knowledge and love of trees and shrubs, and bring and ferns-growing naturally in the territory of the Morton about an increase and improvement in their growth and Arboretum has been published, identifying about 300 different culture." plants native to the locality. A more complete list will be LOCATION issued later. The 400-acre tract selected for the arboretum is situated FORl\IAL GARDEN about 25 miles west of Chicago, in Du Page County, and is Specimens of various unusual forms of trees, such as . those easily reached by motor cars over Ogden A venue or Roosevelt with pendant, weeping, or drooping branches, trees with ieaves Road or by train to Lisle on the C. B. & Q. Railway. The of different color from normal types, such as yellow or red arboretum is 1 mile north of Lisle. foliage, have been gathered together in the Formal Garden. The land is rolling and well watered by the east fork of the Here are growing such trees as weeping dogwood, similar forms Du Page River; bordered by timbered hills, about 80 feet of red-leaved and cut-leaved birch, and pendant and creeping higher than the valley, with a good stand of native trees. ~nd evergreens, including Norway and Colorado spruce in various· it is believed, is so far away from the railroads and the city of garden varieties, also nurserymen's variations of junipers and Chicago that the veteran trees of the old forest, as well as the cedars and good specimens of the red-leaved beech, birch, and valuable new plantings will never be injured by smoke or gas. Jap.an~e maple. These odd or freak specimens would be out of Visitors are welcome except in wet weather, when the ro~ds place in the general botanical collections, so here they have a are muddy. There are over six miles of good dirt motor roads , place by themselves, inclosed by a hedge and surrounded by the and several miles of foot paths which afford visitors an oppor­ collection of woody vines. tunity to see all parts of the arboretum. THE ROSE GARDEN NURSERY AND GREENHOUSES In developing an arboretum it is necessary to do a large Adjoining the Formal Garden on the south is the Rose amount of pro'pagating because many of the varieties wanted Garden. The northern part of this space is to be devoted to the can not be otherwise obtained. New plants are derived from best roses for this locality. The collection now includes about seeds cuttings, layering, or dividing. For this reason it is two hundred kinds of hybrid garden roses. On the west side neces~ary to have a propagating department including an of the middle path are the hybrid tea roses, on the east side equipment of greenhouses and nurseries. the hybrid perpetual roses, while edging the middle path are Some seeds, like those of hawthorns, require two seasons to the polyantha roses. Two beds on a little slope on the north germinate. In some cases, therefore, propagating is a matter of end of the main rose collection are filled with several plants of years. Many thousands of trees and shrubs have already been each of the "Twelve best roses of America," as. determined b~ raised in the propagating department Qf the Morton Arboretum a questionn!!ll~e sent out by the American Rose Society. 1929 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 5233

THE LADELING SYSTEM JOINT COMMITTEE ON INSULAR REORGANIZATION For the-identificatiion of the plants growing in the arboretum The SPEAKER. Pursuant. to Senate Joint ResQlution 9, to a zinc label is attached to each specimen plant on which is em­ establish a joint commission on insular reorganization the Chair bossed the botf.inical name of. the plant and a number which appoints as members of the commission on the part of the House refers to the card catalogue. In this catalogue a card may be the gentleman from Pennsylv~nia JMr. KIESs], the gentleman consulted which bears the number given and from which infor­ from New York [Mr. BAcoN], the gentleman from Iowa [Mr. mation as to origin, date of planting, and so forth, may be THURSTON], the gentleman from Texas [Mr. WILLIAMS], and ~e secured. Information as to the location of other plants of the gentleman froJD Arkansas [Mr. RAGON]. same kind is also recorded. To the south is the collection of wild roses, of which many JOINT COMMISSION ON AIRPORTS are growing in groups showing their relation to each other. The SPEAKER. Pursuant to Senate Joint Resolution 216, to THE HERBARIUM establish a Joint Commission on Airports, the Chair appoints the gentleman from Maryland [Mr. ZlHLMAN], the gentleman Additional information to that given in the card index will from l\1assachusetts [Mr. UNDERHILL], the gentleman from be found in the herbarium, which contains flowering and fruit­ Maine [Mr. NELsoN], the gentleman from Georgia [Mr. WRIGHT], ing specimens, and seedling specimens of everything raised and the gentleman from New York "[Mr. OLIVER]. from seed that is grow-ing in the arboretum. If the seed ~me from trees cultivated in the .Arnold Arboretum, the herbarmm CELEBRATION OF THE OANALIZATION OF THE OHIO B.IVER usually contains specimens also from the parent tree, and in­ The SPEAKER. Pursuant to House Concurrent Resolution formation as to where its seed was collected. 51, celebrating the completion of the canalization of the Ohio THE MORTON ARBORETUM LIBRARY River, the Chair appoints as members of the committee on the part of the House the gentleman from Ohio [Mr. KEARNS], the The library, which is intended to be more a working library gentleman from Kentucky [l\1r. THATCHER], and the gentleman of up-to-date books than a book collection, contains neverthe­ from Illinois [Mr. .ARNoLD]. · less some rare works. Among them : A complete set of Curtis' Botanical Magazine, of the Gardeners ChroniCle, the Botanical FOCH AT THE TOMB OF WASHINGTON Cabinet, the Botanical Register, and many other famous works Mr. RANKIN. MI". Speaker, when Marshal Foch was over of botanical writers of all countries. Fortunately, just at the here during the disarmament conference, I happened to be at time when the Morton Arboretum Library was begun a n~ber Mount Vernon when he came out to lay a wreath on the tomb of large English private libraries were being broken up and of Washington. I am possibly the only 'living man in public l~e sold, and thus books have been secured that ordinarily would to-day who witnessed that scene, one that will be an inspiration be unavailable. for poets and painters for centuries to come. BIRDS IN THE MORTON - ARBORETUM The chances are that before we meet again ~at great leader The -Morton Arboretum is a bird sanctuary, 'and with pro­ of the allied armies will have passed away. tection tnany places for nests, and an unusual amount of food., I wrote a short description of that incident, and I am going includi~g varieties not found elsewhere in this locality, the to ask unanimous consent to extend my remarks in the REcoRD conditions are so favorable that many birds are now making and to include my article written at that time. - the arboretum their home. Other birds visit the arboretum, The SPEAK.ER. Without objection, it is so ordered. including water fowl attracted by .the several bodies of water. There was no objection. - Bulletins of popular information are issued by the Morton The article referred to reads as follows : Arboretum to plant and tree lovers, containing reports on work On Saturday, October 29, 1921, I witnessed one of the most solemn accomplished in the arboretum, and are devoted to the spread and impressive scenes· that ever transpired on thil! continent when of knowledge of worth-while plants, practical observations on Marshal Foch, the venerated leader of the allied armies in the World cultivation of hardy plants, and. the outcome of experiments in War, paid · his : respects to the memory of the Father of his Country. the arboretum. Crabapples, lilacs, roses, cacti, shrubs, spring Without military pomp or affected ostentation this celebrated hero, who flowering trees arid shrubs, trees and shrubs with colored less than three years ago commanded the greatest army the world .llas foliage, conifers, hedges, and a short report on some observa­ ever seen, visited the tomb of Washington and placed a floral wreath tions of general interest made during a winter trip through above the remains of America's most distinguished patriot. parts of Germany, France, England, and Holland were some Congress was not in session, the House having adjourned on Friday of the subjects covered last year. over until Monday·, and Mrs. Rankin and I had gone out to Mount Vernon AIRCRAFT FOR SEACOAST DEFENSE with a party ·of friends who wished to see the Washington home. 'The Mr. MICHENER. Mr. Speaker, I ask unanimous consent to old darkey who watches the VRult in which rest the remains of · the take from the Speaker's table Senate Concurrent Resolution 11, General and Mrs. Washington informed us in a spirit of· confidence that and pass the same. ' Marshal Foch would more than likely come out some time during the The SPEAKER. The clerk will report the resolution. day to visit the home and pay his-respects to Washington's memory. As The clerk read the resolution, as follows : we turned to leave he ealled our attention to a couple of photographers who had arrived and were adjusting their instruments, and alluded to Resolved 'bf/ the Senate (the House of Representatives concurring), the fact as almost positive evidence that the distinguished Frenchman . That a joint committee of Congress, to consist of five Senators, to be was on his way. appointed by the President of the Senate, and five Members of the House We then decided to wait and get a glimpse of the "man of the hour" of Representatives, to be appointed by the Speaker of the House of in the world's greatest tragedy. While we were waiting the old darkey Representatives, is authorized and directed to make a full investigation enlightened us with a lecture on the various and sundry objects of of the problem of the co·ntrol of aircraft for seacoast defense, and to importance connected with Mount Vernon, including himself. He said recommend to Congress as soon as practicable such legislation concerning his ancestors belonged to ~neral Washington, but that he himself was aerial coast defense as it shall deem necessary or proper. reared in an adjoining county, which he described as the "gyarden" For the purpose of this resolution such committee is authorized to spot of the world; that he had been on the estate for a great many hold hearings, to sit and act at such times and places, to employ years, and was familiar with every foot of its ground and every incident such experts and clerical, stenographic, and other assistance, to require of its history. While engaged in this monologue, he glanced around at by subprena or otherwise the attendance of such wrtnesses, and the pro­ severaf young men who bad approached the double iron gates of the duction of .such books, papers, and documents, to administer such oaths, vault and were looking in at the Washington tomb, upon which rested and to take such testimony and make such expenditures, as it deems a beautiful floral tribute, recently placed there by General Diaz, of Italy, advisable. The expenses of the committee, which shall not exceed $2,000, and, seeing that the boys wore their bats, the humble old servant said shall be paid one-half from the contingent fund of the Senate and one­ in a quiet, courteous tone, "Gentlemen, please remove your hats in the half from the contingent fund of the House of Representatives. presence of the Father of his Country." The SPEAKER. IS there objection? He then continued his discourse as if nothing unusual had happened, There was no objection. pointing out and naming the different trees near by that had been The concurrent resolution was agreed to. planted by distinguished hands. An acacia bush that had been planted The SPEAKER: The Chair appoints as members on the near the tomb by some noted visitor, he said, had come from the Holy part of the House of the joint committee created by the resolu­ Land; a European fir tree just to the right of the walk that led tion just adopted, the gentleman from New York [Mr. TABER], down to the roat landing was planted by the Prince of Wales; a beauti­ the gentleman from Pennsylvania [Mr. RANsLEY], the gentle­ ful maple with spreading boughs and brilliant foliage was placed theJ:.e man from California [Mr. EvANs], the gentleman from Cali­ by Li Hung Chang, the noted Chinese statesman. Another one was fornia. [M.r. LEA], and the gentleman fro~ New York [Mr. planted by Grover Cleveland, another by Theodore Roosevelt, and others BOYLAN]. by various and sundry persons of distinction from all parts of the earth. 5234 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE l\iARCH 4 While he was thus entertaining us some one announced that. General country can ill afford to lose a man in public service of the Foch had arrived and was going through the mansion, and in a very character, fidelity, and ability of DANIEL R . .ANTHONY. [Ap-­ few minutes we saw the famous visitor and his small party coming plause.] briskly down the walk. He was dressed in a gray uniform, which During my service on the Committee on .Appropriations it gave him somewhat the appearance of a Confederate soldier, with laced has been my fortune to serve under five chairmen-Mr. Fitz­ boots and a brilliant red cap. His strong face wore a sublime expres­ gerald, Mr. Sherley, Mr. Good, Mr. Madden, and Mr. ANTHONY. sion of profound solemnity as he passed through the open gate and All of them have made great chairmen, all of them have been quietly placed a wreath of flowers on the marble casket. I leaned for­ faithful, devoted, conscientious public servants, interested not ward and peeped into the somber silence of that vault, and as I did only in conserving the Public Treasury but in seeing that every I looked upon one of the most serenely inspiring pictures that ever met proper activity of the Government was given every opportunity the gaze of mortal man. There in the twilight of the tomb the greatest to function as it should function in the interest of our Govern­ soldier of the twentieth century stood with bowed, uncovered head ment and of the people. abo-ve the remains of the greatest figure of the New World, his lips And may I say in this connection that, since the people have moving in silent supplication. determined to continue the Republican majority during the next Words can not describe that scene. The camera could not penetrate Congress, I am very glad that we are to have another chairman the shadows of the dusky precinct, and, unfortunately, there was no in the person of the distinguished gentleman from Indiana [Mr. painter present who possessed the genius to reproduce it on his canvas, 'Voon] [applause], who will measure up in ability, in fidelity to give it to the world, and transmit it to the generations yet to come. duty, with all of those who have preceded him. He turned and left the vault, hastily inspected the surroundings, The position of chairman of the Committee on Appropria­ and began to retrace his steps to where his car was waiting to carry tions is an exceedingly difficult and arduous as well as a most him back to Washington. With boyish interest and enthusiasm, he responsible position. Frequently the time comes when he has to seemed to Qbserve everything in sight. As he passed the old carriage deny the request of some of his closest friends. It requires a house, he turned aside and placed his hands up to his face to shade great deal of labor, a great deal of work, and I wish for Mr. his eyes from the light while he looked in on the cumbrous vehicle Woon in his administration the same degree of success that driven by Washington a century and a quarter ago. He went from has attended the other gen~lemen under )Vhom I have served. there to the old kitchen, and as he wound his way out through the old We a~l love DAN ANTHONY because he is a genial, kindly, flower garden, he glanced back several times, as if to get a last, long, lovable humane fellow. [Applause.] We admire him and lingering look at the most interesting house in America-if not in the respect him because of his great ability, his devotion to duty, entire world. and the splendid service which he has rendered throughout At the front gate his car stood waiting, and as he stepped into it the years he has served in the Congress of the United States. he looked back again, sur-veyed the crowd, smiled, saluted, and disap- [.Applause.] I express the wish of everyone when I say that peared. _ we trust he will prosper in his every undertaking and that he We had looked upon the un~ssuming great. may decide to again enter public life in the interest of the HON. DANIEL R. ANTHONY! JR. public service. [.Applause.] Mr. CRAMTON. Mr. Speaker, if the control of the Govern­ Mr. WOOD. Mr. Speaker, I ask unanimous consent to pro­ ment should change in this House from one side of the aisle ceed for five · minutes. to the other the gentleman who has just spoken, the gentleman The SPEAKER. Without objection, it is so ordered. from Tennesee [Mr. BYRNs] would, in the natural course of Mr. WOOD. Mr. Speaker and Members of the House, I things become the chainnan of the Committee on Appropria­ expect that the two hardest words in our vocabulary to pro­ tions and under him it would be a great pleasure to serve, nounce when they are fraught with sincere feeling are the words and the interests of the country would be very safe. [Ap­ "good by." These words will be feelingly spoken many times plause.] Gracious, generous, and broad-minded, the tribute here to-day. • which he has just made to the retiring chairman, the gentleman There are separations to be made that will be trying. One from Kansas [Mr. ANTHONY], and to the incoming chairman, of the great compensations in being a Member of this House is Mr. Woon, is emphasis of the fact that politics do not prevail the friendship that is created and cemented here. This friend­ in the consideration of matters in the Appropriation Committee. ship is not parted by the center aisle. There is no division That is proper, because whether one is a Republican, Democrat, when it comes _to such friendships. Some of the warmest or Socialist, he is expected to bear his full share in the con­ friends I have had since I came into this House 14 years ago tributions for the support of the Government, and is ,likewise are on this side, and were on this side, many of whom have entitled to equal consideration in the operations of the Gov­ passed beyond. ernment through its various activities. To-day we are to say good-by to one who has rendered It has been my good fortune, one of the rich experiences of splendid service in this House for more than 20 years. I my congressional career, to have had at times a close personal refer to our colleague, our fellow committeeman, DANIEL R. contact in committee work with the gentleman from Kansas .ANTHO~""'Y. [.Applause, the Members rising.] [Mr. .ANTHONY], both in the committee room and in the field. For 20 years he has been a faithful Member of this body, He is a lovable character, he is a devoted public servant, discharging the duties that fell upon him with conscientious he is gentle and unassuming and courteous, and considerate devotion. He is to leave us in person, but in memory he will always, but I have found him in his committee work and in long abide ; and the goodly deeds in and out of this chamber his official duties possessed of an abundance of independence that he has done will be remembered for a long, long time. of spirit, the highest integrity of character, and an unyielding [Applause.] . devotion to what he considers to be right. [Applause.] I know I am voicing the sentiment of every Member of this He came to the Committee on Appropriations immediately House when I say that we regret his going. When he has following the World War. He was chairman of the Subcom­ gone we will have lost a valuable Membe,r, his State a valuable mittee on Military .Appropriations in the period of demobiliza­ servant, the country a valuable statesman, and I know I tion, the transition fi·om the Army of the World War time to am also voicing the sentiment of every one here when I proclaim the Army of peace times following. It was my pleasure to that when we say to him good-by we will do so with the full serve on that subcommittee under his chairmanship. Other force of what those words literally mean-God be with you. members of that subcommittee were the gentleman then from [Applause.] Virginia, 1\lr. Slemp, who later became Secretary to the Presi­ Mr. BYRNS. Mr. Speaker, I ask unanimous consent to pro- dent, and our late, lamented friend, the gentleman from Mis­ ceed for five minutes. sissippi, Mr. Sisson. That was before the Budget system was The SPEAKER. Without objection, it is so ordered. fully inaugurated. The appropriation estimates for the Army There was no objection. came to the Congress at $660,000,000. When the committee had Mr. BYRNS. Mr. Speaker, I wish to join in the tribute which completed its work under his wise leadership, his painstaking has been paid by the gentleman from Indiana [Mr. Wooo] to effort, and his devotion to the proper expenditure of the public the chairman of the Committee on Appropriations, the Hon. funds, that ·bill was reported to the HoUBe, not at $660,000,000, DANIEL R. ANTHONY, who is voluntarily retiring from Congress. but at $328,000,000, and that without any interference with (Applause.] I am sure that I express the individual and per­ the proper performance of the functions of the .Army. That sonal sentiments of every Member of Congress on both sides of merely instances his wise leadership, his knowledge of the sub­ this Chamber when I say that we regret that the condition of ject, and his devotion to public service. I have seen him in the his health impelled him not to seek reelection to the Seventy­ field, I have traveled with him, and I know what a P.elightful first Congress, and that we hope that the rest and his relief companion he is always. from the arduous duties under which he has labored for the past He is leaving us now and if anyone was ever entitled to a 20 years will soon restore him to a vigorous state of health vacation from public service after years of service well done, and that he may soon return to public life. [Applause.] The it is DAN .ANTHONY, and now, giving preferred attention for the 1929 CONGRESSIO~AL RE_OORD-HOUS~ 5235

:first time in 20 years .or more to his own affairs and his fellows, and ! _wish that we- could fix s9me way so tb4-t ~e mem­ own health, we all wish to hinl prosperity_and a complete rE:{urn bership of this House would not be disturbed every two years. :to health. [Appl~use.] [Laughter and applause.] · ' HON, EUGENE BLACK HON. MEYER. JACOBSTEIN Mr. RANKIN. 1\fr. Sr>eaker, I ask unanimous consent to Mr. O'CONNOR of New York. Mr. Speaker, I ·ask unanimous addre s the House for five minutes. consent to proceed for- two minutes. The SPEAKER pro tem'pore (Mr. BACON). Without objec­ The SPEAKER. Is there objection to the request of the tion, it will be so- ordered.· gentleman from New York? Mr. RANKIN. Mr. Speaker, Thomas Jefferson once said that There was no objection. . there were only three questions necessary to be asked of a Mr. O'CONNOR of New York·. 1\fr. Speaker and ladies and candidate for public office: Is he honest, is he qualified, is he gentlemen of the House, most of the men about whom reference faithful? is made to-day are A-fembers of long service in this body; but of We are to~day losing one of our Members who. measured there is voluntarily retiring from this House Representatives by that standard, has not had a superior in this body ·~ since I to-day a man who in just a few terms has exceptionally dis­ ha\e been a Member of Congress. I refer to EuGENE Bumr,. of tinguished himself as an .- economist, a professor of economics, and a philo~ophel'. I refer to the Hon. MEYER J ACOBSTEIN, of Texas, who is now about to retire. [Apr>lausa] New York. [Applause.]. I did not rise to make a speech, but to express. what I know Few men have- came to Congress better qualified to discuss to be the sentiment of every individual in this House, Demo­ the great economic questions which confront us than Profess.or crat and Republican, that from the standpoint of. honesty. of JACOBSTEIN. You will readily recall how on the questions of courage, of faithfulness, of diligence, of devotion to duty, and farm relief, of reapportionment, and of the census he clearly to the best interests of the country, we are losing one of the demonstrated to this House what a young man, a man with most valuable public servants the American Congress has ever only a short service, can do when he is properly equipped and seen. We an regret to see him go, and we wish for him a long, wirung to work. It is therefore a real . loss to the State of happy, and prosperous career in the enjoyn1ent of those laurels New York and to the Nation when Congressman JACOBSTEIN he has so- richly won in this House, when, regardless of cir­ retires from the service of his country. [Applarrse.] cumstances, regardless of criticism, regardless of opposition, he has had the courage to do what he thought was. right. HON. ASHTON C. SHALLENBERGER .AND HON. JOHN NATHANIEL [Applause.] NORTON HON. JOHN M. MORIN Mr. HOWARD of Nebraska.· Mr. Speaker, may I speak for two or three minutes? Mr. McSWAIN. Mr. Speaker, I ask unanimous consent to- The SPEAKER. Without objection the gentleman is recog­ proceed for two minutes. nized for two and three-quarter minutes. [Laughter.] The SPEAKER pro tempore. Is there objection 't Mr. HOWARD of Nebraska. I rise to express the regret o:t There was- no objection. all the Nebraska delegation, and I think the regret of many of Mr. McSWAIN. Mr. Speak:erF ladies, and gentlemen of the you:., with reference to the untimely retirement of· two of' my House, I think it is fit that I, from the Democratic side of the colleagues. They fell outside the breastworks: in the late battle, aisle should, without any prompting or suggestions from anyone but thei:r faces were to the fore~ I refer to Governor SHALLEN­ whatever,_say a word about the public- services of a gentleman BERGER: [applause} and to our newer colleague, 1\Ir. NoRn>N. who comes from the State of Pennsylvania, who professes a [Applause~} di1ferent political faith from mine~ and who for 16 yeats has Mr, SH.AI..LENBERGER lives out in what we call the short­ been a faithful and unassuming and use:ful Member {)f this grass country of Nebraska, and I can recall the time before House, and who for the last four years has been- chainmm of his coming when no Democrat was able to raise his head the Committee on Military Affairs, on whieh I have the hQR().r higher than the Buffalo grass in Nebraska. [Laughter.] And to serve. As a testimony of the esteem in which the members if you people are acquainted with the -Buffalo. grass, you will of that committee hold the Bon. JoHN M.. MoRIN, when we know that it grows very close to the. grOtmd.. But Mr. SHALLEN· realized. that his term of service was about to expire, all of BERGER has the habit of coming back. I think he has beeR de­ us joined in signing a statement testifying our confidence in feated about three times and eleeted six or seven times; and ' his integrity as a man, in his faithfulness as a public official, he always comes back. [.Appla.use.] And he will come- again and in his fairness and justice as the presiding o:ffic.er of that two years from now if he shall want to come, and he will bring committee. And we evidenced in a material way by a beautiful NORTON back with him, because all the world seems to feel that gift our esteem of him as a friend. two years from now there will be a l'ighteous revolution that Therefore I have asked this privilege to record in the perm..a­ will bring back many good _men. [Applause and laughter.} nent records of the Nation the fact that this courteous, gracious, unassuming gentleman has for 16 years been a patient and REPRESENTATIVES . WE&.VEB., BULWINK.LE, AND LYON a faithful and effective worker in the welfare of the Republic, Mr. DOUGHTON rose. and that he goes to other fields of labor with the confidence The SPEAKER. The gentleman from North Carolina is and well wishes and the affectionate _regard, not only of th~ recognized. members of the committee JVith whom he was intimately a.sso­ Mr. DOUGHTON. Mr. Speaker and Members of the House, cited day after day but with the regard and esteem and while it seems to be in order to e:xpres-!; regret concerning those confidence of all of the Members of this House. [ApplauseL] who are voluntarily or involuntarily retiring as Members o:t Mr. ABERNETHY. Mr. Speaker, I ask unanim()US consent this House, and I concur in all that ha.s been said,. it is a to proceed for two minutes. matter of very deep regret to me, as r am sure it is to each The SPEAKER. Is there objection? Member of this body, that North Carolina is losing the services There was no objection. of three of her ablest and most distinguished Representatives, Mr. ABERNETHY. Mr. Speaker, ladies, and gentlemen of to wit, Mr. WEAVER., Mr. BULWINKLE, and Mr. LYON. the House, we are coming now to the close of this session, and Representative WEA.VEB, of the tenth district of North Caro­ I rise to offer one word that may go down in the records of lina, is and has been for some years a member of the Com­ this country, to the effect that after all is said and done we mittee on the Judiciary. Mr. WEAVE& possesses every qualifi­ Members of the House know that there is no dividing line in cation of mind and cllaracter necessary and essential to the this membership. We have our differences of opinion, we have making of a first-class. Congressman, and his retirement is a our differences in political beliefs. I have been a Member of distinct loss to this House, the country, his State, and his dis­ the House now for six years or more and have received the trict. [Applause.} same fair consideration from the Republican side of the House Then there-.is Major BtJLWINK!LE,. of the ninth district of that I have received from the Democratic side of the House. North Carolina, a man who equals in character and ability, I had the extreme pleasure to spend 60 days on an extensive in fact every qualification, any Member of this body. Major trip from ·New York to Alaska and return with the distin­ BULWINKLE has displayed diligence and efficiency of the high­ guished gentleman from Kansas [Mr. ANTHONY], and I pledge est order. He has been for some years a member of the Vet­ you my solemn word that I nev~ thought of him ·as a R~ erans' Committee of the House and has specialized on legislation publican unb.l. we got back here to Washington, and I don't in behalf of our ex-service men. Major BULWINKLE measures believe in his heart he is a Republican-I think he is a Demo­ up to the highest standard of excellence in the American crat. [Laughter and applause.} That is tbe way I feel about Congress. [Applause.] it. I want also to pay a tribute to the gentleman from Texas, It is also regrettable that the Hon. HoMER LYON, of the [Mr. BLACK]. He is a good fellow, and my fliend TOM BLANTON sixth district of No1·th Carolina, has seen cause to volun­ is a good fellow and so is JOHN MoiUN-they are all good tarily retire and return to the practice of law, his chosen pro- 5236 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE ~lARCH 4 fes ...Jon, having been an ornament to the bar in North Carolina the good wishes of us all. [Applause.] I am sure the mem­ before coming to Congress. Mr. LYoN has rendered cons'Picu­ bership will join with me in wishing him good health and hap­ ous service as a Member of the House and especially on the piness in the years to come. [Applause.] Committee on Rivers and Harbors. [Applause.] I know I can truthfully say the retirement of these three OLD-AGEl PENSIONS - capable and faithful Rep1·esentatives is regretted by every Mr. MEAD. Mr. Speaker, I ask unanimous consent to extend Member of this House. my remarks and to insert a statement by Governor Roo evelt Should Major BULWINKLE and ZEB WEAVE& desire to come on the question of old-age pensions. back, I have no doubt they could do so. The cause of their The SPEAKER. The gentleman from New York asks unani­ defeat was in no way chargeable to anything in their records, mous consent to extend his remarks and to insert a statement but only due to the vicissitudes of politics and an unfortunate by Governor Roosevelt, of New York. Is there objection? situation in North Carolina for which they were not in the There was no objection. least responsible and over which they had not the slightest Mr. MEAD. Mr. Speaker and Members of the House, within control. the last decade a number of States have adopted legislation Gentlemen and ladies of the House, I thank you. [Applause.] for the relief of the aged and several other States have created ENLARGING THE OAPITOL GROUNDS commissions to study the problem. In Europe a number of countries have already adopted laws granting old-age pensions. Mr. ELLIOTT. Mr. Speaker, I ask unanimous consent to Numbering amongst these progressive nations can be listed take from the Speaker's table the bill H. R. 13929, with Senate England, Belgium, France, Austria, Germany, Greece, Iceland, amendments, and concur in the Senate amendments. Italy, Po!and, Portugal, Rumania, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, The SPEAKER. The clerk will report the bill by title and Yugoslavia, and Czechoslovakia. South American nations are the Senate amendments. also seriously concerned with regard to the problem of caring The clerk read as follows: for their aged, and Chile and Argentina have already passed A bill (II. R. 13929) to provide for the enlarging of the Capitol laws providing for old-age insurance. In far away Australia grounds. and New Zealand similar legislation has been approved. The The Senate amendments were read. great State of New York, which I have the honor to represent The SPEAKER. The question is on concurring in the Senate in part in the House of Representatives, has a commission amendments. studying the question at the present time, and it is expected The Senate amendments were concurred in. that legislation will be adopted without much further delay. The Hon. Franklin D. Roosevelt, the progressive and humani­ HON. VICTOR BERGER tarian Governor of New York, in a recent message to the Mr. LAGUARDIA. Mr. Speaker, I ask unanimous consent to legislature, takes an emphatic stand in favor of the immediate proceed for five minutes. adoption of a measure which will make provision for the aged The SPEAKER. Without objection it is so ordered. of our State. Governor Roosevelt's message follows: There was no objection. Mr. LAGUARDIA. Mr. Speaker, it seems that I always have The majority party in your honorable bodies has stricken out from a peculiar mission to perform. In these closing hours of tribute, the appropriation bill which I submitted to you pursuant to the con­ when both sides of the House have been represented, I want to stitution an item to defray the expenses of a proposed commission to pay a tribute to a l\lember who leaves the House, perhaps un­ study the question of security against old-age poverty and want in sung, but with the affection and respect of every Member of the this State. I can not believe that it was your intention summarily to House, the gentleman from Wisconsin, Mr. VICTOR BERGER. dismi~s in this manner all consideration of the pressing needs of our [Applause.] numerous aged poor. For that reason there is being introduced for When Mr. BERGER first entered political life in this country he your consideration a bill creating such a commission, and I urge upon repre ented a school of thought and a political and economic you its immediate adoption. philosophy whieh was considered in this country as radical and New social conditions bring new ideas of social responsibility. The in the countries of Europe as the extreme left. problem of how to take care of the aged poor outside of State insti­ To-day that same school in Europe has become, in many coun­ tutions is now occupying the attention of other States of the Union tries, the extreme right, the conservative wing, while in our as well .as of foreign countries. We can no longer be satisfied with the own country many of the policies and principles he has advo­ old method of putting them away in dismal institutions with the cated have been adopted and accepted and some of them do not accompanying loss of self-respect, personality, and interest in life. appear so extreme and radical to-day. Many of the things This State abandoned some time ago the principle of institutional which in his early days seemed paternalistic have been accepted care for poor children and adopted the method o! helping them in as a proper and necessary municipal,. State, or governmental their own homes. Similar provision should be made for old age. function to-day. [Applause.] For instance, his views on com­ Poverty in old age should not be regarded either as a disgrace o1• mon carriers, on the railroads, were considered so absurd as necessarily as a result of lack of thrift or energy. Usually it is a mere not to even receive consideration, but 25 years later they were by-product of modern industrial life. An alarmingly increasing num­ accepted, adopted, and advocated by the Great Commoner, whose ber of aged persons are becoming dependent on outside help for bare talented and charming daughter will sit in and grace the maintenance. While improved medical science has increased man's Seventy-first Congress. [Applause.] span of life, the rapid pace of modern industry has proportionately l\fr. BERGER serves our Nation in the capacity of a pioneer, increased the number of years during which he is an unsought em­ popularizing iaeas of political and social reform long before ployee. While the worker of to-day, on the average, may look forward they are accepted by the many, and while they are still frowned to a longer life than did his grandfather, he must nec<:>ssarily count on upon by the majority and denounced by political leaders. It a shorter period of industrial availability. No greater tragedy exists in is, for the most part, a thankless and unenviable· task, but it modern ci\ilization than the aged, worn-out worker who, after a life must b2 done. It is part of the price that is paid for political of ceaseless effort and useful productivity, must look forward for his and social progress, in all ages and in all lands. Pioneering declining years to a poorhouse. A more modern social consciousness requires courage, devotion to the common weal, ability to demands a more humane and efficient arrangement. defend one's views and faith in their ultimate vindication. l\lr. Some of our States and some foreign countries have dealt with the BERGER possesses all of these qualifications. problem by adopting a straight pension system, where the government In this House, to which he was the first Socialist elected, Mr. distributes a certain periodic stipend to aged persons fulfilling the BERGER had a peculiar mission to perform. As he stated a few requirements AS to residence, citizenship, etc. I am informed that days ago, he was not in a position to pass legislation, but he was such a system has been adopted in Montana, Kentucky, Wisconsin, here to point out the defects he finds in our political and eco­ Alaska, and Nevada, and in Australia, Denmark, the Irish Free State, nomic structure, to focus attention on econom· and political Ne.w Zealand, Norway, and Uruguay. Objections have been made to wrongs, aR he sees them, and to indicate what his party would this method on the ground that it savors too much of a straight gov­ do to remedy the e defects if it had the power. In doing this ernmental dole and that it is likely to sap a man's self-reliance and he .;,ets the pace, as it were, just as he set the pace many years discourage thrift. ago for many of the reforms that have since become the law On the other hand, a number of co~mtrics have adopted a system in f the land. He performed his mission in this House faithfully which workers really insure themselves with the aid of the State against aud ably, with credit to himself, his district, and his party, and old-age want. They contribute certain fixed weekly amounts into a in a manner that attracted the attention of the House and capital fund, during their more youthful years of industrial produc­ gained for him the respect of its membership. tivity. These contributions are equally ruatched by the government Mr. BERGER returns to private life to continue, in a somewhat itself; so that the worker and his gove1·nment are equally sharing the different capacity, that of a newspaper editor, his work for the burden of insuring against the needs vf old age. Provision is made principles in which he believes, and his service to the people. under such plans, for temporary cessation of such contribution by the He is now well advanced in years. He leaves this House with worker during enforced unemployment. In general, this scheme of old- 1929 CONGRESS! ON AL RECORD-HOUSE 5237 age insurance is followed out in England, Belgium, France, Argentina, The SPEAKER. Without objection it is so ordered. Austria Chile Czechoslovakia, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Italy, Poland, There was no objection. Portug~l, R~ania, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, and· Yugoslavia. Mr. LINTHICUM. Mr. Speaker, there came into our midst There is no reason why our State, which is one of the foremost cen­ in the Seventieth Congress a gentleman from the second con­ ters of industry in the world, should not now investigate the plans of gressional district of Mm·yland, the Hon. WILLI.AM P. CoLE, the these various jurisdictions as well as other proposed methods, and, successor of our distinguished Marylander, Senator TYDINGS, indeed, the entire question of security against old-age want, to determine who went to the Senate. This young man, Capt. WILLIAM P. what, if anything, should be done by it to meet this rapidly growing CoLE, came from a line of men distinguished in statecraft and problem within our own borders. in public life, a graduate of the University of Maryland, dis­ It must be borne in mind that, althou~h the adoption of any plan tinguished for his service on the battle fields of France in the of old-age pensions or old-age insurance will be expensive, the present World War. He entered this House and has made an excellent method by which the State's aged poor are being taken care of in in­ record as a member of the Committee on the District of Colum­ stitutions is also expensive. Four or five years ago the United States bia. He has been one of our very best associates and has made Department of Labor, through the Bureau of Labor Statistics, made a a most excellent record as a Member of this House and is study of the poor farms and almshouses throughout the Nation, with beloved by everyone who knows him. He represents the largest a view to ascertaining the expense of maintaining them and the value district in the State of Maryland and has represented it as of the capital invested, including the land, buildings, and equipment. t-fficiently as any man could possibly have done. In the State of New York, the investigation covered 61 institutions It is with a great deal of regret on the part of the Maryland housing 9,203 inmates. The report shows that the capital value of Members of this House, and I am sure on the part of all who these institutions was $16,321,338, or $1,773.49 per inmate, and that know him, that the Hon. WILLIAM P. CoLE, because of the tidal the annual maintenance cost was $2,753,327, or $299.19 per inmate. In wave in the last election, has been swept from our midst. I feel other words, there were then invested almost $1,800 of public moneys there is destined for him a brilliant career in public life and for each inmate of our poor houses in this State, and almost $6 per that he will again be among us to finish the splendid and most week was being spent by the public to maintain each person. This useful work he commenced. The lovable, useful, and brilliant ·present high cost should be carefully considered in deciding upon the young statesman that he is. [Applause.] advisability of making a change in our policie!) of providing for the de­ pendent aged. I look forward hopefuli.y to the day when our poor­ HON. B. G. LOWBEY houses will be used, if at all, only for the helpless incurables of the Mr. QUIN. Mr. Speaker and gentlemen of the House, we State who by virtue of physical or mental handicaps are unable to pro­ have a good man from Mississippi, our distinguished colleague, vide for themselves. Mr. B. G. LoWREY, who goes out of this House to-day. This Apart from the apparent justice of m~king some provision for our gentleman, high, great, honorable, known all over the State of aged poor outside of institutions, a wise public policy dictates the neces­ Mississippi for his splendid work in educational and religious sity of an early formulation of a definite intelligent policy along these matters, as a Member of this House has a splended record. lines. The sooner this problem is met scientifically, the more economical 'l'his splendid man, who retires to private life, carries with will be its operation. him the hearts of this great body back yonder to Mississippi Our changing economic sb.-ucture makes imperative the nec-es­ where the men and women and the school girls whom he has sity for a proper and immediate solution of this great question. helped to educate for the last forty years know and love him, While the prqgress now being made in medicine and s:urgery and I want you gentlemen to remember our dear friend and adds to the expectancy of life, industry, on the other hand, splendid colleague after he has gone. Our hearts are with him. God bless you, Mr. LoWREY. [Applause.] prompted by a desire for greate~ efficiency in production, has adopted methods prohibiting the employment of workers who HON. DANIEL B . .ANTHONY have reached or advanced slightly beyond middle age, thereby l\Ir. FRENCH. Mr. Speaker and gentlemen of the House, I adding to the number of our people who must turn elsewhe:re was called out of the House Chamber a few moments ago when for relief in their advanced years. several Members of the House expressed their regret at the There are many reasons and causes which make a man de­ withdrawal from our membership of D.AN ANTHONY, of Kansas. pendent in his later years. Many are imJ?aired by loss. of hea~th, My regard for my colleague is such that I mu~t voice something for sickness and disease must of necessity exact their ternble of my appreciation of the life and services of this distinguished toll. Occupational and other maladies likewise contribute their man. [Applause.] great share. Bankruptcy in business, financial failures, poor There are only eight Members of Congress who have had investments, and other causes tend to increase the number. The service in this House for a longer period of time, and only five prevalent discrimination practiced almost everywhere against other Members whose services have approached in length his the older employee and in favor of youth is likewise a con­ service. tributing factor. Aside from the very few States which now I suppose there is no organization in the world that more have old-age pension legislation upon their statute books, our promptly takes an appraisal of those who become members of its dependent aged are cared for in almshouses and similar insti­ group than does the House of Representatives. Rather the im­ tutions. In many of these public almshouses are to be found the pression the Members of our body have of their colleagues is the unfortunate imbecile, the criminal, the idiot, and other wrecks impression that the Members themselves compel us to have. of humanity, housed with the aged citizen. who, _through no The impression we have is the impression that they compel us fault of his own, has become an object of public chanty, but who to have through their daily life. If a Member, as did DAN may enjoy at least fair health, an honorable reputation, and an ANTHONY, comes to occupy a high place in our regard, it is be­ intellect that has been strengthened rather than weakened in cause of industry, because of his habits of study and applica­ life's struggles. The brutal system which compels the aged and tion as applied to the tasks given him to do, because of his infirm to spend their few declining years in the poorhouses of candor in debate, and because of strength of character that sus­ the Nation is a pitiful and h·agic indictment against the civili­ tains him in the heavy hours of responsibility. zation of our time. It is neither fair, just, nor humane. Its D.AN ANTHONY was a stalwart man physically, and he had cost is expensive and its results are destructive. not been among us very long before we came to regard him as a My colleague from New York, the Hon. WILLI.A~ I. SIROVICH, stalwart man mentally, as a stalwart man in that general has introduced a resolution, which has been referred to the ability that enabled him in brief time to take a commanding Committee on Rules, and which, if adopted by the Congress of place in the actions and the deliberations of this Chamber. the United States, will provide for the appointment of a com­ Our colleague is withdrawing voluntarily on account of ill mission to study this important question. I h·ust_ this legisla­ health, and yet, although he had been afHicted for several years, tion will be adopted within the very near future, so that a last spring when the distinguished and beloved chairman of the nation-wide investigation and report can be made on the sub­ Apppropriations Committee and an outstanding leader of this ject which I am sure will be beneficial to the Nation as well as body, the late Martin Madden, was called from us by death, to the several States. Representative SrnovrcH has also intro­ DAN ANTHONY was drafted as his successor as chairman of duced a bill designed to have the Government of the United that committee. He was like a soldier who, though wounded, is States-appropriate a sum of money to every State that is willing willing to carry on, and he has carried on admirably and well to apply the principle of old-age pensions to its citizens. If during the eight or nine months of his chairmanship, and he has this legislation should be adopted by the United States and still further enriched his record of things accomplished. subsequently by the several States of the Union, the Federal In his public service Mr. ANTHONY has so borne himself as Government would appropriate a part of the money, leaving the to command the respect of the membership of this House and remainder to be appropriated by the individual States. to challenge the admiration and confidence of his fellows who HON. WILLIAM P. COLE have served with him and under his leadership upon the Com­ 1\Ir. LINTHICUM. Mr. Speaker, I ask unanimous consent to mittee on Appropriations. As he separates himself from fur­ proceed for five minutes. ther activities in this body, the best wishes of the entire member- 5238 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE ~iARCH 4 ship go with him for the greatest abundance of health and Patrick Henry, writing to John Adams on May 20, 1776, from the strength for continued service during many years that we hope Constitutional Convention at Williamsburg, which five days before had may stretch out ahead. [Applause.] declared Virginia's full independence of Great Britain, and had ordered RON. JAMES T. BEGG her delegates in the Continental Congress to propose a similar resolu· 1\Ir. KEARNS. l\Ir. Speaker, there is one of our colleagues tion for the action of that body, said: who is leaving the House to-day who is perhaps as well known "Would to God you and your Sam Adams were here! It shall he as any man who has served amongst us in many years. I my incessant study so to form our portrait of government that a refer to the Bon. JAMES BEGG, of Ohio. [Applause.] kindred with New England may be discerned in it ; and if all your l\Ir. BEGG has a name in this House that perhaps few in the excellencies can not be preserved, yet I hope to retain so much of the history of the membership of the House have ever enjoyed. likeness that posterity shall pronounce us descended from the sa~e He has been one of the leaders for the last four or five years. stock. I shall think perfection is obtained if we have your approba- I do not suspect there has ever been a visitor to the Capitol tion." who has not met JIM BEGG. John Adams, replying on June 3, 1776, and referring to Henry's part He is retfring, not because he was defeated, because such an in framing the first written constitution known to man, said: occurrence as that could not have happened in his district. He "I know of none so competent to the task as the author of the first was one of the most popular men that the district .ever pro­ Virginia resolutions against the stamp act [the resolutions of May duced. He was one of the most popular men who has ever had 29, 1765], who will have the glory with posterity of beginning and a seat in this Congress, perhaps, in the history of the Congress. concluding this great Revolution." He retired because he was a candidate for Governor of This comradeship, this patriotic alliance, between the two Common­ the State of Ohio, and it must be one of his fond recollections wealths was evidenced by the resentment of the people of Virginia to th.e that he was only defeated for the nomination by a very small arbitrary writs of assistance, and later to the Boston port bill, a meas­ majority. I am sure that if a greater effort on his part had ure apparently designed by the British Parliament to punish the peo­ been put forth he would have been nominated. I know it is ple of Boston for their resistance to the tea tax and to compel the with a tinge of sadness that the membership on both sides of colony to submission. Your great Senator, the late George F. Hoarl the House note his leaving to-day. But when he leaves here in speaking of this occurrence, said: he will find a field of activity that will be for the benefit of the " But George III and his councilors had Virginia as well as Massa­ country, because whenever JIM BIOOG is in action there is going chusetts to reckon with. Her generous people rose as one man. Not to be a benefit to all the people, not only in his own district, only letters of sympathy came pouring in to the selectmen of Boston but in the entire State and Nation. [Applause.] We all know but there came substantial contributions of money and food, -which, that in whatever occupation he is engaged he will be one of considering the poverty of the time and the difficulty of communication the leaders wherever he is. and transport, are almost without parallel in history. The House of Again I say, I hope for him, as you hope for him, a prosperous Burgesses appointed a day of fasting and prayer, and ordered 'that the continuance in public life, because a man with the talent of members do attend in their places to proceed with the speaker and JAMES BJOOG will always be in demand. the mace to church for the purposes aforesaid.' But they did not Therefore it is with sorrow to all of us that we witness his leave Boston to fast. Meetings were held all over the Old Dominion. departure to-day. [Applause.] Jim, we wish you well, happi­ In Fairfax County George Washington was chairman and headed the ness and every success. [Applause.] subscription with 50 pounds, The convention over which he presided RON. IRA G. HERSEY recommended subscriptions in every county in Virginia. , Mason ordered 1\Ir. WHITE of l\Iaine. l\Ir. Speaker and gentlemen of the his children to keep the day strictly and to attend church clad in House, on this day my colleague the Bon. IRA G. HERSEY mourning. In Westmoreland Coun_ty John Augustine Washington was [applause] closes his present congressional services. He came chairman. He inclosed in his letter a bill of lading for 1,092 bushels to this body with unusual qualifications; he was a lawyer, of grain. The generous flame spread among the backwoodsmen. Not grounded in the fundamental principles of the law, and of only from tidewater but from over the mountains, where the roads wide experience gained through practice of many years in were little better than Indian trails, the farmers denied themselves to all the courts of the State of Maine. make their generous gifts. Their wagons thronged all the roads as He came with long legislative experience in both the house they brought their gifts of e<>rn and grain to tidewater." and the senate of his native State. He came with habits of Senator Hoar has alluded with great feeling to the march of Daniel industry, independence of spirit of thought and of judgment, M'organ with 12 companies from Virginia to Boston. in 21 days. If and with character. This experience and these qualifications accomplished within this time, and the evidence is uniform to this have made of him one of the useful and respected Mem­ effect, the rapidity of the movement ex-hibited not only a high sense bers of this body. [Applause.] AS he served his State with of duty but tremendous enthusiasm. distinction and with credit, so he has served the country I make these allusions with no purpose of stressing the sympathy here. I express for him my respect, my feelings of personal or generosity of Virginia, but rather that we may not forget or outlive affection, and I am sure that the entire membership of the the comradeship of the olden days-days when Virginia's eyes beamed House join with me in these sentiments toward him. with delight in beholding the deeds of Massachusetts--days when Mas­ [Applause.] sachusetts heard gladly the words of counsel and ail'ection from Virginia. Hand in hand these two Commonwealths entered the great struggle, ADDRESS OF RON. ANDREW J. MONTAGUE a~d hand in hand they undertook to consummate its incomparable Mr. CONNERY. Mr. Speaker, I ask unanimous consent to achievements in the establishment of a mighty Republic. They have extend my remarks in the RECORD by printing a scholarly ad­ in the past sometimes differed in opinions, but their ancient ties and dress by the gentleman from Virginia, the Bon. ANDREW J. heroic memories should forever solder their afi'ectiqns. MoNTAGUE, on the one hundred and fiftieth anniversary of the The deed we this day commemorate is an event not alone in the his­ Battle of Lexington, delivered at Lexington, Mass., on Sunday, tory of Massachusetts and America but in the history of the world. April 19, 1925. - " What wonderful things are events," cries Disraeli ; " the least are of The SPEAKER pro tempore (Mr. CHINDBLOM). Is there greater importance than the most sublime and C()mprehensive specu­ objection? lations ! " But I venture to observe that the explanation of an event, There was no objection. the complex antecedent instances and consummating circumstances, the The address referred to is as follows : inexorable trend and environment, is sometimes of more iml_.}()rtance ONE HUNDRED AND FIFTIETH ANNIVERSARY OF THE BATTLE OF LEXI~GTON than the event itself. Surely if one could accurately assemble and Mr. Chairman, ladies, and gentlemen, I would not construe the -invi­ assess, could truthfully identify and apply, all the precedent causes of tation that brings me into this presence as a compliment to myself. I this potent ffirent, it would seem almost to have been predetermined. would, rather, think of it as a recognition by Massachusetts of her Let us first consider tpe event itself.. Some 800 British troops on associations with Virginia when these two Commonwealths led in the the night of t:he 18th of April moved from their protected areas in Revolution as well as in much of its subsequent. accomplishments. Boston for the purpose of rescuing the military stores at Concord and Massachusetts and Virginia were the first of the Colonies to sense arresting Samuel Adams and John Hancock in Lexington. The march the rising storm and the fu·st to discern that the solution of the conflict of these troops was made known to the people along the road$ and in must be found not in pr()test, not in resistance,. but in independence. Lexington by Paul Revere and William Dawes in their daring and To this end Lexington was the first to shed her blood and Yorktown the famoqs rides, one coming by way of Charlestown and the other by way last to stanch the gaping wound. of Roxbury, recorded in song and story, in rhythmic verse and glowing Virginia is affectionately mindful of the confidence and good will of orations. The alarms given by these brave riders occasioned the assem­ :Massachusetts. She recalls that in the old formidable days John bling in Lexington of Captain Parker's company of some one hundred Adams and Samuel Adams sat in high and holy council with Jefi'ers()n and forty members, but the British not appearing the company was and Henry and Lee. She proudly rE-members that Massachusetts sum­ unfortunately dismissed, only shortly to reassemble on the Lexington moned Washington to command the armies of the united Colonies and Green at the beating of a drum by William Diamond between '* :mu that she named Marshall for the judgment seat of the new Republic. 5 on the morning of the 19th, with 77 men, the others not returning 19.29 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 5239 or not found in company !ormation. This small band, confronting an Yorkers, and New Englanders are no more. I am .not a Virginian, but overwhelming number of British regulars, was ord~red by Major Pit­ an American." cairn to lay down their arms and disperse. This they refused to do, The township system of Massachusetts, that kindling flame of democ­ thereby stamping themselves as types of the new man in the New racy, which never found its way into Virginia to the deepest regret of World. In obedient response to Captain Parker's strict orders, the Jefferson, was uprooted for the time being by the regulatory acts of militia did not at first :fire or assume the offensive. A volley was :fired Greaf Britain. by the British, resulting in no casualties, and then followed by a second The act of Parliament restrainfng the New England people from volley of deadly character, which was returned in a desultory manner the privilege of fishing on the banks of Newfoundland, and soon there­ by the militia, wounding some three or four of the British regulars. after extending the prohibition to all of the Colonies except New York Ten of the historic Minute Men were killed-John Brown, Samuel Had­ and North Carolina, further aroused the resentful passion and patriotism ley, Caleb Harrington, Jonathan Harrington, jr., Jedediah Munroe, of the Colonies. Robert Munroe, Isaac Muzzey, Jonas Parker (the bravest of the brave), While not in chronological order but as one of the contributing causes John Raymond, and Nathaniel Wyman. Their blood marks the begin­ of the Revolution, I should not omit to recall the extraordinary juridical ning of the War for Independence, and their names should be embalmed procedure employed by Great Britain in issuing "writs of assistance" in our memories and handed down as heirlooms from generation to (so powerfully resisted by James Otis), and the right of deporfation generation. Early in the eighteenth century a desperate charge upon of the citizens of the Colonies to Great Britain for trial for certain an Austrian center was saved to the French by the daring and death of offenses, thus violating the elementary common law of vicinage and a private soldier, Latour d' Auvergne, whose name was ever after called community rights. first at the parades of his battalion, when the oldest sergeant, stepping Criticism and condemnation of the attitude of Great Britain by the to the front, would answer, "Died on the :field of honor!" To-day, if Colonies evoked the deepest sympathy from many in that ancient island, the roll of Parker's company could be called, and if the gallant captain among whom were Pitt and Burke, Horne-Tooke, and Wilkes, g1·eat could ·answer for the 10 immortal absentees, sorrowfully and proudly friends and advocates of the rights of the Colonies, and whose reason would be respond, " Died on Lexington Green, the field of honor ! " and eloquence lent approval to their policies and encouragement to their And then might not the tragic agony be assuaged by the inspiring aspirations. salutation of Samuel Adams, " 0, what a glorious morning is this! " In May, 1774, the Virginia House of Burgesses declared that the It is the first step that counts. That step had now been taken. Op­ common interest of a.ll the Colonies was in jeopardy, and appealed for pression by King and Parliament and governor will now be answered by a general congress to consider the course to be pursued. Speaking of sword and not by word. War will be both the reply and the argument. this congress in the British Parliament, Pitt declared "that though And war had begun, and the great event is beginning to reveal itself in he had studied and admired the free states of antiquity, the master its portentous potentiality. The crisis must be met, and it was met, spirits of the world, yet for solidity of reason, force of sagacity, and and greatly tnet. wisdom of conclusion no body of men could stand in preference to this I have suggested that Lexington was somewhat predetermined. It is congress." said that history does not so much solve questions as it teaches us to The confidence of the Colonies was immediately extended to this examine them, and perhaps our understanding of history is sometimes Congress, which reassembled in Philadelphia on September 5, 1775, spoiled by knowing too much of the event. We are too close to its and quickly threw down the iron gauntlet of defiance to the foes of activities, we are too disconcerted by the proximity of its forces, our independence, and soon gave to the world the Declaration of Independ­ sympathies cloud our judgments and warp our conclusion·s; later we may . ence, that scroll of light and leading and of hope and courage to a in ore · truthfully arrange and proportion the predisposing incidents and ' waiting and forward-looking people. influences and causes.. that effectuated the culmination. This, of course, British taxation was not resisted by reason of the rate or amount should not be done on this occasion, though a brief and unmethodical of the tax imposed, but resisted because such an exercise of the taxing S'Urvey may throw light upon the memorable event and the historic power was among the " unalienable rights " of the people of the sequel." Colonies asserted in the Declaration of Independence. These "unilien­ · The dominant ·ldea in the Colonies as well as in England was that able rights" were believed to be the gifts of nature :ind not of govern­ taxes should only be imposed by "the consent of the people through ment. Government existed to protect and preserve these rights that their representatives. Hence the populil.r conviction that taxation and were possessed by man in defiance of government itself, and " to representation go hand in hand. Lord Camden had said in the British secure these rights governments are instituted among men, deriving Parliament that, "Taxation and representation are inseparable," and their just powers from the consent of the governed." the Colonies declared that "taxation without representation'' was tyranny. The Colonies had no representation in Parliament, and· the I need not argue the philosophy of this declaration. I need not dis­ exercise of the right of taxation by colonial legislatures had been re­ cuss the doctrine of " unalienable rights," whether or not they are voked by Great Britain, therefore revolution and war seemed the in­ founded in nature. and whether or not governments are established by exorable alternative. contract in order to assure them by appropriate and adequate guaran­ ' In 1765 the famous stamp act was passed by Parliament, resulting in ties. The colonists were confronted by stubborn facts of oppression excitement and anxiety throughout the Colonies, especially in Massa­ which they were· determined to resist upon two grounds ; first, that the chusetts and Virginia. Her House of Burgesses, on May 29, under action of Parliament was unconstitutional; and, second, that if iiot the spell of the eloquence of Henry, whom Byron appraised- as "ihe unconstitutional this action was against the natural or "unalienable forest-born Demosthenes, whose thunder shook the Philip of the seas," rights" of the people of the several Colonies. Wise, practical;· and adopted a resolution condemning the right and validity of the act, and courageous statesmen were developing these arguments and their con­ asserting that taxation was alone within the power of the several Colo­ clusions into revolutionary convictions and activities. nies. Massachusetts looked with approval upon this resolution, and the An accumulation of incidents and accidents, of passion and prejudice, Boston Gazette wrote that- · of instinct and aspiration, of oppression and resistance, of truculent "The people of Virginia have spoken very sensibly, and the frozen obstinacy and Qffensive arrogance, of many trials and tribulations, a.11 politicians of a more northern government (British) say they have swelled and vexed the fast-rising waters ; but greater than all was the spoken treason." new environment, within which man gained an aspiring stimulus and Washington, little accustomed to public speech, but with commanding an invigorating independence that could only come from the powerful dignity and compelling earnestness, asserted- forces at play in a " new world." " I will raise 1,000 men, subsist them at my own expense, and march The civilization which first discovered and occupied the southern myself at their head for the relief of Boston." portion of this hemisphere expended its energy and philosophy in an But condemnation of British action and the ominous resentment of environment of languor and enervation. The English-speaking Colonies the Colonies were unava.iling. The British fleet and troops thronged found their genesis in 1607 in the great liberalizing and energizing the harbor of Boston, resulting in the massacre of March 5 and the environment of which I have just spoken, and with the first two coloni­ military occupation of the city. zations came the active operations of a great force, namely, the per­ The Boston port bill came as a further reprisal, provoking thundering fection of printing, and its consequent distribution and communication protests from the Colonies, especially South Carolina and Virginia, the of information and knowledge upon the readable page. Consider these latter declaring, " That the cause of Boston is the cause of us all"; for inherited liberties and " unalienable rights " planted by such sturdy it was evident tOOt if the Parliament could close the port of Boston, stock J.n an environment so transcendent, separated by vast and rolling and revoke her charter, the right and safety of every colony was like­ seas from the intimate touch of the mother land, and who can fail to wise menacoo. Virginia appealed for the cooperation of the Colonies see that the forces of destiny would sooner or later sweep the Colonies to prepare to meet these ominous dangers, and on the 5th of September, into revolution and independence? 1774, a convention composed of delegates from 12 of the 13 Colonies It is not my province to speak of Concord and Bunker Hill and met in congress at Philadelphia. On the next day Henry, with a Boston; of Ticonderoga and Saratoga; of Washington at Cmnbridge prescience almost unbelievable, sounded the first note of nationality and the attack upon Charlestown ; of Trenton and Princeton ; of the heard in America, crying out- crossing of the Delaware ; of Bennington and Brandywine ; of German­ " British oppression has effaced the boundaries of the several town and Valley Forge; of Savannah and Charleston; of Camden and Colonies~ the distinctions between Virginians, Pennsylvanians, New Kings Mountain; of Cowpens and Guilford; of Ninety-six and Eutaw, 5240 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE MARCH 4 save to observe that they are all commanding. stations along the epic people of the islands as to future trade relations between the Philippines road from Lexington to Yorktown. and America. Most generally have I spoken of Lexington-the event, its antece­ The Philippine Legislature has on many ocCl;l.sions shown a desire to dent and auxiliary causes-and I would beg your brief consideration encourage not_only .American business in the islands but also American of the mighty r€sult. Lexington and Yorktown would have been the trade in general. To cite only a few instances Qf the_ go9d will and unavailing incidents in the train of events between these two historic confidence of the people of the Philippines toward the United States, towns, unless the result could have bodied itself forth in some righteous the Philippine Legislature in the last regular session amended our and liberal and stable government. This result was accomplished to corporation laws giving all th-e opportunities and advantages to Ameri­ the wonderment of the world in the form of a written Constitution can capital that might be employed in the islands. The Philippine drafted in Philadelphia in 1787. This Constitution is the most pro­ L€gislature also, in friendly accord bas passed legislation appropriating gressive contribution to government known to mankind. Under it we funds for the employment of technical advisers to the Chief Executive, have grown from a nation of 3,000,000 to one of 115,000,000, existing although it did not consider such service necessary because we have in a state of liberty and order, progress and comfort, prosperity and always considered that the legally constituted agencies of our Govern~ happiness not so fully possessed by any other nation of the world. ment are sufficient for this purpose. It would indeed be a source of '.rhis incomparable h1strument, with its authorizations, its limita­ great disappointment on the part of the_Filipino people if the United tions, and its reservations has established the path wherein our civili­ States Congress in view of these friendly acts of ,the Philippine Legis­ zation has thus far moved and developed. This Constitution, the lature, would pass laws discriminatory to the Filipino people just 'for · " greatest work ever struck otr at one time by the brain and purpose of the sake of certain selfish commercial and industpal interests in man," as avowed by Gladstone, was the work of the thirteen originai America. Colonies. It is the matrix of " an indissoluble Union of indestructible When our missions for independence haye . been sent here by our States," in the words of your great Webster, upon which depends in a people to ask for our freedom and to plead for the fulfillment of the large measure the progress and the civilization of the world. Does it most solemn promise of America not only to the people of the Philip­ not behoove Massachusetts and Virginia and the remainder of the original pines but to the -whole- world, our adversaries then stated that the thirteen Colonies to renew with increasing responsibility and courage Filipinos should not demand their independence because their welfare their faith in the Government thereby established? In view of its im­ would be better protected under the American flag, than as an measurable accomplishments and transcendent contributions to the independent nation, and that by remaining with America, the Philip· peace and happiness of man should we not resist all the reactionary pines would enjoy the benefit of free trade. forces which make for its bespoilment? Thus the protest of the Filipino people against such unfair treat­ The Union did not create the States, but the States created the ment is fully justified, should such discrimination take place, yet they Union. The preservation of these governments in constitutional pro-· have not lost faith in America, that this country will act with justice portion and vigor is the need and duty of the hour. as she always has in the past in her dealing with the islands, for Some 60 years .ago a great and tragic war nearly destroyed the America stands to-day not only for individual freedom but for free­ Union. Now there is grave apprehension that the Union may destroy dom of trade between all the peoples under the dominion of the the States. American flag. Local and State governments provide the best opportunity for the citi­ Despite the fact that certain elements in America are attempting zen to learn the duty and art of self-government, without which the to violate America's code of fair dealing, our people nevertheless will State and Nation will decay at the roots. never lose their confidence and their faith in the United States, the Massachusetts is rich in nourishing traditions and in the successful greatest Republic in the world. We hope the American Congress will administration of government. These pr€Cious assets she can best never depart from the policy that has always characterized this preserve within her own radiant orbit. To-day Massachusetts possesses Government for a square deal and justice and has repeatedly enun­ more Federal power than any other American State. She sits in council, ciated that their purpose in establishing their Government in the in Cabinet, on august judgment bench, and in the mighty Magistrate's Philippines is "not to exploit but to develop, to civilize, to educate, chair. But with responsibility comes duty, and as she won the hearts and to train in the science of self-government." Any attempt to restrict of her sister Colonies at Lexington, so may she exert her present prestige our trade with the United States while we are under the protection to quicken the ties between all of the American States and to balance of America would mean a backward step in the American policy, it and preserve the vital equilibrium between State and Nation. would mean going back to the old doctrine of colonial relations in which the colony of a country is held for exploitation and benefit EXTENSION OF REMARKS of the mother country. l\Ir. GUEVARA. Mr. Speaker, I ask unanimous consent to If the United States desires to eliminate competition wjtb the insert in the RECoRD a statement of Hon. Angel Suntay, member products of the Philippines, the only right thing to do is to place of the Philippine Legislature, who is now in Washington on the the islands in the category of a foreign country by granting her free-trade relations between the United States and the Philip. complete independence, but while the United States retains the islands pine Islands; and a statement of l\'fr. Vicente Villamin. America is in duty bound to extend the privilege of free trade and to Also a ~tatement by Gen. Frank B. Mcintyre. protect the islands from any discriminatory laws against her interests The SPEAKER pro tempore. Is there objection to the re­ or economic development, and we should be permitted to enjoy the quest of the Delegate from the Philippines? privileges that the American flag extends to all that come and are There was no objection. under it. STATEMENT OF HON. ANGEL SUNTAY STATEMENT OF MR. VICENTE Vll.L.AMIN 1\fr. GUEVARA. Mr. Speaker, under the leave to extend my Mr. GUEVARA. Mr. Speaker, under the leave to extend r~arks in the RECORD, I include the following statement of my remarks in the RECORD, I include the following concluding Hon. Angel Suntay: statement of Mr. Vicente Villamin, Filipino lawyer and econo­ THE UNITED STATES TARIFF AND THE PHILIPPINES mist, at the final hearings before the Ways and Means Com­ The most important problems confronting the United States Govern­ mittee of the House of Representatives, February 25, 1929: ment to-day with respect to the Philippine Islands, is the status of THE ECONOMIC EXPATRIATION OF THE PHILIPPINES trade relations between the United States and the ·Philippines. Mr. Chairman, we keenly regret the injection by our opponents of There is at present a strong agitation before the Congress of the the explosive element of political independence in the economic ques­ United States for the enactment of laws restricting the free entry of tions under consideration by this committee. We interpret their action Philippine products into the United States market. A satisfactory solu­ to mean that they are unwilling to pla.ce their case on purely economic tion is necessary to both the United States and the Philippines, in grounds. order to maintain the good relations now existing between the two Our opponents have fallen in love with the Filipinos head over countries. heels. It is so sudden they are ready for a wedding even outside of The stand of the Filipino people on this important question bas been ably presented before the House Ways and Means Committee by our heaven. They are wishing liberty on the Filipinos, alas, wishing official representative in Congress, Resident Commissioner Hon. PEDRO it on them with a vengeance. That liberty, sir, is the liberty that is GUEVABA and Gen. Frank Mcintyre, the Philippine trade commissioner, wished on a man when he is discharged from employment. We refuse whose statements have been reported in the press throughout the length even to be amused· by their siren's song and we te11 them right now we reject their love overtures. and breadth of the United States. In my capacity as a member of the lower house of the Philippine Mr. Chairman, when I addressed your committee on Saturday night Legislature, may I state that any favorable action by Congress on last upon section 1626, copra, I promised, in answer to questions from any of 1lle measures that have already been presented embodying such several members, to define my position on Philippine independence. restrictions against the interests of the Philippines, would be con­ I do so now with pleasure. sidered by our people as a grave injustice and it may bar not only the Opposed to immediate separation but committed to eventual inde­ harmony and cooperation that now hap-pily exists in the islands toward pendence and militantly against the integration and annexation of the United States but also such would create distrust on the part of the the Philippines to the United States-such is my position. It is "1929· -coNGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE

dictated by prudence, common sense, and the aspiration to ~ee a real At this time it is desired to discuss only the Philippine sugar industry, and enduring Filipino nation. its relations to the United States market, its likelihood of interfering . That position may be explained by the answer to the two queries in any way with the progress of sugar elsewhere under the American which I am going to propound now : flag, and the necessity of retaining the special-trade relations unless it is Are the Filipinos mentally prepared to maintain an independent desired to destroy an industry in the islands which is of great im­ government? I reply yes emphatically. Mental capacity to maintain portance to the progress of the people. a government is a question of relativity, depending on a multiplicity It will be shown that even under the stimulus of the free admission of conditions and circumstances. We can establish a government. of sugar into the American market, the growth of the sugar industry in It may not be as good and effective a government as we now have. but the Philippine Islands has been slow, due to other handicaps which do it will be a government, I hope, that will be satisfactory to the Filipinos. not exist in any other large sugar-producing country. In the last analysis, Mr. Chairman, the satisfaction of the governed It will be shown that the admission of Philippine sugar free of duty is the test of a good government. into the United States has no effect on the price of sugar grown else­ The next query is this : Is it wise for the Filipinos to separate from where under the American flag. the United States now and thereby lose the political, the diplomatic, It will appear that the suggestion that the amount of sugar from the the economic and the military protection of the United States? My Philippines to come to the United States free of duty be limited bas its reply is an emphatic negative. origin with those interested in the production of sugar in Cuba and Mr. Chairman, at this juncture, I desire solemnly to state as a was later taken up, through misinformation, by those producing sugar Filipino citizen, proud of that birthright, that I would deserve nothing elsewhere under the American flag. but immitigable scorn if and when we are economically prepared I The trade relations between the United States and the Philippine should not favor independence for my country. Categorically expressed, Islands, as set forth in section 301 of the United States tariff act now if we have the economic ·preparation now, to-day, yea, this fateful in effect, are in accordance with principles enunciated since we first hour, I would be for immediate, complete and absolute independence took possession of the Philippine Islands. Business between the islands with all my heart and soul, publicly and privately, tenaciously and and the United States has been built up on the principles so stated. actively. The development of the islands has, to a large extent, been guided by With these prefatory statements permit me now, Mr. Chairman, confidence that the United States would not change its principles in to say a few valedictory remarks . in the closing hours of these con­ dealing with the islands. gressional hearings in which I have the honor to have participated. The act of March 8, 1902, provided, in section 2: The courtesy with which the official and unofficial spokesmen for "That on and after the passage of this act there shall be levied, the Philippines have been heard by your committee deserves the grateful collected, and paid upon all articles coming into the United States from acknowledgment of the Filipino people. the Philippine Archipelago the rates of duty which are required to be The appearance at these hearings of Filipinos and Americans levied, collected, and paid upon like articles imported "from foreign jointly in defense of the Philippine cause proves once again that countries: Provided, That upon all articles the growth and product of nationally and internationally there exists an identity of interests the Philippine Archipelago coming into the United States from the between the United States and the Philippines. Philippine Archipelago there shall be levied, collected, and paid only The privilege accorded to Filipinos of being heard by committees 75 per cent of the rates of duty aforesaid." of Congress in the formulation of legislation and policies affecting At the time of the passage of this act Artide IV of the treaty of them is a reminder of the fact that the Philippines is a member of peace with Spain was, in effect, as follows : the American commonwealth of States, Territories, and possession~, and "The United States will, for the term of 10 years from the date of that carries ·the guaranty that the rights of the members are sacredly the exchange of the ratifications of the present treaty, admit Spanish equal as they are equally sacred. ships and merchandise to the ports of the Philippine Islands on the Mr. Chairman, since the inauguration of these congressional hear­ same terms as ships and merchandise of the United States." ings nearly two months ago I have witnessed an impressive proces­ In 1905 the question of amending this act of 1902 was taken up and sion of American interests inveighing against other American interests the majority of the Committee on Ways and Means submittetl a report. and bringing to bear against each other their respective arsenal of In the majority report it was stated : facts, both genuine and synthetic facts. It is in this atmosphere of con­ " The only logical result from our possession of the Philippine Islands • tention that the Philippine case is found . is free trade between the islands and the rest of the United States. · It Therefore I wish to let it go from this hall to the Filipino people is definitely settled that we retain them until the people are prepared that they should not overly despair of their present case if it appears for self-government. To bring about this will require at least a genera­ shrouded with anxious forebodings, for if it is reasonable and just it tion. The question of their final disposition must be postponed for will surely prevail. many years. In the meantime they are wards of the United States, a I desire now to restate the simple and vital but oft-forgotten fact part of our common country, and are entitled to fair trade relations. that the free entry of Philippine products to the United States is re­ It is now as much our 'plain duty' to give them free trade as soon-as ciprocated by the free entry of American goods to the Philippines. practicable as it was in the case of Porto Rico. The proposal of our opponents is to restrict the movement of Philip­ "It would be manifestly unjust, however, to give them free access to pine products to the United States without a corresponding action our markets while they collect the same rate of duty upon articles respecting the goods moving the other way. imported from the States that they do upon articles coming from the Such a proposal, sir, is patently unjust both to the Philippines, by rest of the world. The free entry of our products into the Philippine • reason of its one-sldedness, and to those industries in the United States Islands is impracticable at the present time. The treaty of Paris pro­ which sell their products to that country, by impairing its purchasing vides that Spain shall have the same advantage in tariff duties on capacity. exports to the Philippine Islands that the United States receives for a The American people, Mr. Chairman, are going continuously to hear period of 10 years. This treaty stipulation expires by its own limitation our protest against the economic expatriation of the Philippines, a in January, 1909. Until that time we can not give our products free peculiar form of expatriation that is complicated and aggravated by the entry into the Philippine I slands without giving the same· privilege to fact that the political responsibility of the United States is not mitigated Spain. Such a measure would greatly cripple the revenues of the or surrendered thereby. Philippine Islands." We now rest our case under the palladium of American justice with The recommendation of the committee was, briefly, to reduce the 75 the plea that, since the Philippines has no representation with voice per cent imposed under the act of March 8, 1902, on Philippine prod­ and vote in Congress, Members of that body when dealing with the ucts entering the United States to 25 per cent of the tariff imposed on Philippines may forget their congressional constituencies and function as like goods from foreign countries. national legislators for that noble political entity known as the United The minority report provided in respect of this matter in a substi· States of America whose territory extends to the other side of the globe. tute bill: STATEMENT OF MAJ. GKN. FRANK M 1INTYRE " That all articles the growth and product of the Philippine Archi· pelago coming into the United States from the Philippine Archipelago Mr. GUEVARA. Mr. Speaker, under leave granted to extend shall hereafter be admitted free of duty." RECORD, I my remarks in the insert the following statement of Neither the hill reported by the majority nor the minority substitute Maj. Gen. Frank Mcintyre, of Washington, D. C., representing passed, so the act of March 8, 1902, continued to govern until the the Philippine government and the Philippine Sugar Associa­ passage of the United States tariff act of August 5, 1909. tion: When the tariff act of 1909 was under consideration, the 10 years General MciNTYRE. At this time it is desired to refer to the general during which Spanish ships and merchandise were admitted to the trade relations between the United States and the Philippines embodied ports of the Philippine Islands on the same terms as ships and mer­ in section 301 of the tariff, only as it is necessary to make that question chandise of the United States, under Article IV of the treaty of peace understood, and the remarks will be confined principally to the importa­ with Spain, had expired, and there no longer existed the reason given tion of sugar. in 1905 for not admitting into the United States products of the It is probable that a fuller discussion· of this subject will come up Philippine Islands free of duty. In fact, it should be noted that the when the administrative provisions of the tariff are under consideration. minority, even in 1905, were desirous of doing this. LXX-330 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE . MARCH 4

So that in the ·united States tariff act of 1909 it was provide·d, with articles the product of the Philippine Islands which do not contain -for­ certain limitations and under certain conditions, that articles the eign materials to the value of more than 20 per cent, were admitted free growth and product. of the Philippine Islands should be admitted into of duty. At the suggestion of the War Department the per cent of the United States free of duty. The provision, in so far as it parallels foreign material that may be cantained in these articles admitted free of the section quoted of the act of March 8, 1902, was as follows : duty has been increased from 20 to 50 per cent to encourage the develop­ "That there shall be levied, collected, and paid upon all articles ment of certain lilies of manufacture in the Philippine Islands, notably coming into the United States from Philippine Islands the rates of handmade lace made by the native women of the islands." duty which are required to be levied, collected, and paid upon like The minority report, signed generally by the very gentlemen who in articles imported from foreign countries: Provided, That, except as 1905 had said, " The only logical result from our possession of the otherwise hereinafter provided, all articles, the growth or product of Philippine Islands is free trade between the islands and the rest of the or manufactured in the Philippine Islands from materials the growth United States," naturally did not oppose the· granting of free trade. or product of the Philippine Islands or of the United States, or of This brings us to the conditions existing to-day. both, or which do not contain foreign materials to the value of more In 1895 there were exported from the Philippine Islands 336,075 long than 20 per cent of their total value, upon which no drawback of cus­ tons of sugar. This represented the peak during the Spanish adminis­ toms duties has been allowed therein, coming into the United States tration of the islands. It was muscovado sugar, the product of the old from the Philippine Islands shall hereafter be admitted free of duty, mills then in use. From the same cane there · would have been secured except rice, and except, in any fiscal year, sugar in excess of 300,000 by modern centrifugal mills 560,000 long tons of sugar; that is, if gross tons, wrapper tobacco and filler tobacco when mixed or packed modern mills bad been in use the exports of sugar in 1895 would have with more than 15 per cent of wrapper tobacco in excess of 300,000 exceeded the export in any year up to and including 1927. pounds, filler tobacco in excess of 1,000,000 pounds, and cigars in The question not unnaturally arises why, when the production in excess of 150,000,000 cigars, which quantities shall be ascertained by Hawaii bad gone from 205,000 to 745,000 long tons, in Porto Rico from the Secretary of the Treasury under such rules and regulations as he 54,000 long tons to 506,000 long tons, and United States beet from shall prescribe: And provided further, • That sugar, refined or unre­ g2,000 to 974,000, the Philippines had in the same period but barely fined, and tobacco, manufactured or unmanufactured, imported into the attained the production of 1895? Philippine Islands from foreign countries, shall be dutiable at rates of All of these Territories were under the American flag, but Java ha.d import therein not less than the rates of import duty imposed upon in this period increased from 715,000 to 2,359,000 ; Formosa, in a lesser sugar and tobacco in like forms when imported into the United States." period (1904-1927), bad increased from 68,000 to 489,000 ; Cuba from This section included also provisions that producers of sugar in 336,000 to 5,000,000 long tons. small amounts should be given preference; that in consideration of The answer to this question will allay any reasonable fear of any these exemptions, all articles the growth, product, or manufactme of producer of sugar under the American flag that the Philippine Islands' the United States should be admitted to the Philippines from the production will in future in any way disturb his own progress, affect United States free of duty; that in order to obtain the benefit of this the price of his product, or fill the place which his production leaves free entmnce, shipments should be direct; exempting articles which vacant in the American market. came from the Philippines to the United States free of duty from the The reply will be, for convenience, included under the following payment of the export tax in the Philippine Islands ; imposing internal­ headings: revenue taxes on such articles as were so taxable in the place of their · 1. The treaty with Spain: 'l'he treaty with Spain provided that: consumption. " The United States will, for the term of 10 years from the date of­ The operation of this tariff was beneficial to the islands in many the exchange of the ratifications of the present treaty, admit Spanish ways. It also greatly increased American trade with the islands. ships and merchandise to the ports of the Philippine ·Islands on the However, when the next revision of the United States tariff was taken sam~ terms as ships and .merchandise of 'the United States." up, it was decided that the time was appropriate to make those changes This meant, of course, that products of the United States could not which experience indicated would be naturally beneficial and at the be admitted free of duty for the period of 10 years into the Philippines. same- time definitely establish trade relations in accordance with the It was admittedly unfair to grant to the products of the Philippines oft-enunciated principles which should govern. free admission into the American market for that period. However, as Th~ limitation in the tariff act of 1909 on. the amounts of sugar and has heretofore been pointed out, the products of the Philippine Islands tobacco which could be brought into the United States free of duty were admitted into the United States on the payment of 75 per cent of was a compromise designed to placate those persons interested in the tariff duties. This was of no practicable benefit to the Philippines, • sugar and tobacco in the United States. From the Philippine point however well-intentioned. of 'view, these limitations were decidedly unfair in that there was no The Philippine Commission and the several Secretaries of W:ar and corresponding limitation on imports of Amel'ican goods into the Philip­ the Presidents, following the passage of the act of 1902, urged a more pines. From the American 'POint of view, they were temporarily wise liberal treatment of the Philippines, and in general urged that the 75 ln order to demonstrate to the interests in the United States that the per cent be reduced to 25 per cent. free admission of Philippine sugar and tobacco would not affect the The progress of Philippine sugar during these 10 years, or its lack market in the United States. of progress, demonstrates clearly that it required for its welfare more It was notorious to those acquainted with affairs in the Philippine than was offered. Islands that, under the conditions governing distribution of land and The depression in cane production due to the insurrection in the labor supply, development must necessarily be slow, and unless capital islands had not been overcome in 1909, the total production in the islands in considerable quantities was introduced into the islands, even the being still materially less than that in the last years of Spanish sover­ • hoped-for progress could not be made. It was later found that the eignty. The annual exports for the five years ending 1909 averaged announcement of a limit beyond which the industry would not receive 125,964 long tons ; the average for the five years ending in 1897 was the encolll'agement of the American market placed it at the greatest 245,392 long tons. disadvantage. It should be noted that duri'ng these 10 years Cuba had progressed There had likewise been included in this section in 1909 a prohibition from 336,000 to 1,559,000 long tons ; the United States beet production against the introduction of Philippine rice into the American market. had increased from 32,000 to 451,000 ; Hawaiian production had in­ Tbe demand of. American rice growers for this provision arose from a creased from 205,000 to 478,000 long tons; and Porto Rico from 54,000 complete ignorance of conditions in the Philippine Islands, the Philip­ to 479,000. pines being then and having been for a great many years one of the 2. The land laws : Stated in hectares, the customary unit in the greatest importers of rice and not an exporter. Philippines (a hectare being equal to 2.471 acres), the area of the In other words, while the tariff of 1909 contained these limitations Philippine Islands is 29,629,600 hectares. Of this, in 1918 there were and restrictions, which have since been removed, they were not placed in private ownership 4,563,723 hectares, of which 2,415,778 hectares there in accordance with any accepted principle or any definite policy, were cultivated and 2,147,945 uncultivated. That is, something over but simply to ease the passage of a tariff bill and to accord a certain five-sixths of the land in the Philippines was public land. This is. still relief to the Philippine Islands. This was essential if the market in the true. islands was to be made a free market to American exporters. The cultivated land in private ownership was and is devoted largely In reporting the tariff law of 1913, with reference to the trade be­ to food crops, principally to the cultivation of rice. There were ·large tweet! the United States and the islands, the House committee said: areas cultivated to coconuts and other areas in fruit trees. FREE TRADE WITH THE PHILIPPINES The coconut tree comes to bearing normally at the end of seven "Paragraph C is a substitute for Section V of the Payne tariff law. years, and areas devoted to coconut trees can not be used for other The material changes in this paragraph provide for the granting -of purposes. absolute free trade between the Philippine ·Islan.ds and the United States Obviously any great development in the Philippine Islands must without the limitations that exist in the present law prescribing the result from the placing in beneficial use those parts of the public land amount of rice, tobacco, and sugar that may be imported 1'rom the suitable for cultivation. Philippine Islands into the United States free of duty. Under . the In the Philippine organic law of 1902 the Philippine Commission present law the imports from the United States to the Philippine Islands was authorized to enact a public land law, but was restrained from and from the Philippine Islands to the United States are limited to arti­ providing for the sale or lease of public lands to any corporation in cles the growth, product, or manufacture of the two countries, except excess of 1,024 hectares. This effectually prevented the utilization of 1929 OONGRESSION AL RECORD-HOUSE 5243 any part of the pu}>lic lands to the sugar: ~ndustry, for under the well­ to Sflcure a liberalization of the corporation laws. Nothing was accom­ recognized theory of efficiently and profitably cultivating sugar in the plished in either of these two directions. Tropics several times that -amount of land was necessary, and without . To the credit of the commission no effort was made to evade the plain control of a large area it was difficult to secure the erection of a mod~ intent of Congress. Outside capital for the sugar industry during the ern mil1. Furthermore, it was provided in that act that "every cor­ period of commission government was therefore out of the question. poration authorized to engage in agriculture shall by its charter be The improvement of the sugar industry required improvement in restricted to the ownership and control of not to exceed 1,024 hectares agricultural methods, and every effort was matle to secure this and of land." the establishment of modern sugar mills. This latter required capital, This applied to private lands, so effectual development of the sugar and the capital was not available. industry in the way with which we were accustomed and which is The Secretary of the Interior, whose d_epartment included the bureau effecti~ in Cuba, Porto Rico, and Hawaii was impossible. These laws of agriculture, urged that the government, at its own expense, for the are still in effect in the Philippine I!;!lands. The effect of this will be educationul advantage thereof, construct a modern sugar mill. This explained later, showing why the sugar industry in the Philippine was not deemed practicable because it injected the government into the Islands is different from the industry in these other places. sugar industry and because the government itself was struggling with In 1916 Congress granted to the Philippine Legislature autp.ority to inadequate funds to meet the many demands on it. enact land laws subject to the approval of the President. The Philip­ Governor. General Forbes in 1911, in his message to the legislature pine Legislature adhered in principle to the congressional legislation of at its opening, recommended that he be " authorized to purchase bonds 1902, and did not in its act of 1919 liberalize the land laws in a way of companies organized by proprietors of sugar estat!)s in Provinces to encourage sugar development. where there are considerable numbers of sugar haciendas, for the purpos~ It should be observed that these restrictions were embodied in and of assisting the owners thereof in building sugar centrals, under terms made effective by the local corporation law. Even the amendments to and conditions which will amply secure the government in the matter." the corporation law enacted at the last session of the legislature con­ Similar efforts were made later, and 1egislation was enacted by which tinues these limitations. private investments in sugar centrals would be guaranteed a reasonable 3. Labor: The area of the Philippine Islands is 114,400 square miles, jncome. and in 1918 there was an average of 90 inhabitants per square mile. No sugar mill was ever erected in the islands as a consequence of the In certain Provinces the population was materially denser. efforts in this direction. Congress by the act of April· 29, 1902, extended the Chinese exclusion Congress has also felt the need of assisting the industries of the laws to the Philippine Islands. It is notable that in the far eastern islands. By the a~t of 1902 it authorized the admission of Philippine Tropics there has been .no serious development in a large way except by products, in~luding sugar, into the United States o:t;J. the . payment o~ the free use of Chinese labor. This exclusion, together with the sparse 75 per cent of the duty. Had there not been a number of handicaps to population of the Philippine Islands, was another deterrent to the de­ which reference has been -made, this might have assisted the sugar :velopment of sugar in a large. way. These exclusion laws are still in industry. It, however, bad no such effect, and the several adminis­ effect. It is, of course, true that so long as the existing land and trations in the islands and in the United States supervising the islands corporation laws are effective the question of immigration is purely urged a reduction of ,this , 75 per- cen~ to 25. per c~nt. In 1906 a bill academic. pas8W the House of Representatives by a large majority which would 4. Capital :. As a result of the three preceding conditions, capital has have done this, but the -bill -did not reach a . vote in the . Senate. In been slow to enter the Philippine Islands. Another deterrent has been j1909, on the expiration_ of the 10-year period. from the ratification _o~ the uncertain status of the. Philippine Islands, and particularly. . the· ·the Spanish treaty, Congress provided for the. admission,- free of duty, disposition to _urge- _radical changes in the principles _which have gov. into the United States of 300,000 tons of Philippine sugar, and in 1913 erned our ·relations to the islands, thus not granting to business in t~e Congress, in its tariff act, provided for the free admission of sugar islands that security which i,s necessary to continuous progress. without limit into the . United States: .The re;;~traint .in the development of, the Philippine Islands 11:ue to the The foregoing indicates briefly the efforts of Congress and of 'th~ treaty with Spain passed at the expiration .of the 10-year period in 1909. Philippine Government to stimulate the sugar industry in the islands. The other restraints to development enumerated-the land laws, the Due to the public land and corporation laws, to which reference has l~bor situation, the restriction on (;hinese immigration, and the absence been made, the Philipp~~es did pot, even with the free admission of of capital-continue. sugar into the United :States market, attract at once the investment of _Observe, please, that the sugar industry in the Philippines has labored outside capital. · The Mindoro· Sugar Co., which represents the pioneer , under the following restriction~ not effective in any district producing effort of American-- capital -in this field, has not been a success. The. sugar for the American market : mill on this property was erected . in 1910. It has not at any time First. For the 10 years from 1899 to 1909 Philippine sugar was not proven profitable, and is now being administered by one of the banks . admitted free of duty into the United States market, but paid 75 per in the ·islands, to which it is heavily indebted. cent of the duty imposed on foreign sugar. This was a period of great The first successful modern mill was erected at ·San Carlos in Occi­ progress in the industry in Hawaii, Porto Rico, and Cuba. There was dental. Negros by Hawaiian capital. This San Carlos Milling Co. began no progress in the Philippines. 'to operate in 1914. It bas been and continues to be a successful invest­ Second. The Chinese, the only available outside labor, is excluded ment. The mill was placed In a district which had long been devoted from the Philippine Islands. The industry is based on local labor. In tp .the cultivation of sugar cane. The mill did. not in any way enter Cuba there was a steady flow of Spanish l;'lborers. Later the industry into the agricultural field other than by advice and suggestion. It was based on the importation of contract labor from Haiti, Jamaica, milled the cane of the planters in the district, and these planters are and so forth. This labor being deemed unsuitable to Cuban citizenship still the owne~ a:r'td- administrators of their property. is required to be sent out of the country at the end of the contract This was followed by the construction of several mills, principa~y by and crop season. If labor in Cuba were restricted to the local supply, resident!! of the islands who owned sugar estates. Generally these were or to persons deemed by Cuba suitable to citizenship, other limitations small mills of a type which has been abandoned in Cuba, Porto Rico, and on sugar production would be unnecessary. . Hawaii as unprofitable. In Hawaii dependence is on recruited contract labor from outside ot The relatively important development of modern sugar mills in the the islands. . islands began in 1916 through the operations of the Philippine National Third. Land and corporation laws: The restrictions placed by Congress Bank. Of the 3.6 mills now operating in the islands, the following owe in the organic law of 1902 on the disposition of public lands and limit­ their construction exclus•vely . to the Philippine National Bank, a bank ing the activities of agricultw-al corporations have effectively prevented practically owned by the Philippine government, and the funds used the use of public lands for the cultivation of sugar, and the restrictions were fund·s of the Philippine government. The possibility of this was on ;'lgricultural corporations have prevented the highly efficient cultiva­ due to the prosperity of the "islands during the war and to the excep­ tion of sugar customary in Cuba, Porto. Rico, and Hawaii. tional conditions which permitted the utilization of this money. These lf these restrictions were effective in those islands, the United States mills are: Bacolod-Murcia Milling Co., Binalbagan Estate (Inc.), Isabela would be forced to struggle for sugar. Sugar Co. (Inc.), Ma-ao Sugar Central Co., Talisay-Silay Milling Co., The act of Congress in question has received the approval of the Central Bearin (Kabankalan), Central Palma. and Pampanga Sugar Philjppine government. The land law enacted by its legislature in 1919 Development Co. continued the public-land restr:Ictions, and the corporation law continues The first five of thes.e companies are still heavily indebted to the the provisions limiting the activitie~ of agricultural corporations. bank. The total investment of the bank amounted to something over Prior to American occupation sugar held a prominent and at times a $24,000,000, and the amonnt still due from the five first enumerated leading position in the agt·iculture of the Philippines. A considerable centrals· is something over $15,000,000. area of the land had been exclusively devoted to the cultivation of sugar Of the total centrifugal sugar produced in the islands in 1927 of cane for several generations. Not unnaturally, in the effort to over­ 567,000 metric tons, 219,000 was produced by these centrals, the exist­ come the depressed condition. in the Philippines following the insurrec­ ence of which was entirely due to the Philippine National Bank. tion, the Philippine Commission looked to the development of the sugar It will be recalled that the Phiiippine National Bank became seriously industry. involved financia-lly when the government in the period of depression It attempted to secure from Congress, by annual recommendations a following the postwar boom. fc5und it necessary to demand the retm·n of modification of the land l~ws with t~is la)\gely" i_n view. It attempted certain o! its deposits from the ban~ . In 1921, when ~nera} Wood 5244 CONGRESSIONk-L RECORD-HOUSE MARCH 4 and Governor Forbes ·made an examination of the· situation fu the . The spirif of the circui~-r is, I think, briefly set forth in the folloWing Philippines, they employed the far eastern representatives of Haskins quotation : · & Sells to report on the Philippine National Bank, and this report inci­ "The United States can hardly be called a natural market for Philip­ dentally included a report by the company's expert on the sugar invest­ pine sugar. We have ample supplies nearer home. These sources are: ments of the Philippine National Bank. This report estimated a loss on these investments of $7,000,000, and in rehabilitating the bank the gov­ Tons ernment provided over $5,500,000, estimated to be the losses from these investments at that time. ~~~:;r;~~iii~~~~~:::~:::::~:~~~~~~~:~~~~~~~~:::::::::: I~i;g~g The Mindoro Sugar Co., which erected the first modern sugar central Cuba------~------4,500,000 in the islands in 1910, bas not up to date shown any profit on the in­ "(Without crop curtailment it is possible for Cuba to make 500,000 vestment, the company being at this time in the bands of Philippine to 1,000,000 tons more.) banks. · · "This gives us a total supply, without any Phillppine sugar, of On the other hand, there are centrals in the Philippine Islands that 6,574,719 tons. have operated at a profit, but these centrals very generally are not " The annual consumption of the United States is running at ap­ engaged in the cultivation of sugar cane, but simply in milling cane proximately 5,600,000 tons, refined, so that we have enough available ~ecured by contractual arrangement from planters. from the above-named sources. Therefore it is clear that it is only by : It is important to note well the result of the activities of the Min­ displacing this other supply that Philippine sugar can come into the doro Sugar Co., because it is the outstanding and only case in which United States." a large mill bas been erected in the Philippine Islands in a district Why these gentlemen did not add the exportable sugar produced in theoretically well suited to the cultivation of sugar cane, but in which Santo Domingo, Haiti, and other near-by countries is not apparent. sugar cane bad not been cultivated over a long period of years. Any There is no doubt that at present ample sugar is produced nearer home future mill in the Philippine Islands must be similarly erected, because than the Philippine Islands, but this has little to do with our obliga­ the mills now in operation in the Philippines -cover adequately the tions to the Philippine Islands, and would be a poor justification for the territory which bas been heretofore devoted to cane culture. Progress destruction of what must necessarily be one of the principal industries in the industry for some years will result from improved agricultural of the islands. methods. There is no doubt that such improved methods will increase It is noted, however,_ that in this article, which is an argument for the amount of sugar produced in the islands. restricting to 500,000 tons the amount of sugar that may enter fl·om This is the hope of everyone who has the interest of the islands at the Philippine Islands free of duty, there is _no suggestion that the heart, and it is obvious that a great deal in the way of improvement entry of this sugar tree of duty from the Philippine Islands affects in can be done. That this improvement will be slow is a natural result any way the sugar industry under the American flag. There is every of the methods of farming in the Philippine Islands. indication that those responsible for the circular had -no such thought. As stated, with two or three exceptions, the centrals are not engaged It is, however, very concisely set~ forth in the article: in the cultivation of cane. In most cases the centrals own only the "As we now admit Philippine sugar free of duty, while Cuban sugar land necessary to their operation, the land in general being owned by is required to pay a high tariff rate, naturally the Philippine sugar is the planters, whose families have owned it for generations. The cane able to displace the Cubar sugar." is cultivated by these landowners or by their tenants. In practically This 1s the only effect which the admission -of Philippine sugar under all cases the cultivation of cane in the Philippine Islands is done exclu­ the present conditions bas in the American market. sively by Filipinos. Briefly, the total production of sugar in the Philippines affects in In Hawaii, Cuba, and Porto Rico it has been found that efficient no way the price of sugar, and this is true likewise of the production cultivation requires the ownership of large tracts of land, and the cane in each of the Territories under the American flag. In recent years is in great part cultivated administratively by the central or a company the production of sugar in Louisiana has been cut in half. This hac; subsidiary to the central. Where there was a large number of inde­ in no way affected the price of that sugar. Recently a hurricane was pendent farmers it was found extremely difficult to introduce modern reported to have destroyed one-third of the Porto Rican sugar crop. methods of culture, improved varieties of cane, or efficient methods of This had no effect on the price of Porto Rican sugar or on sugar in the pnancing. In Cuba and Porto Rico the small independent cultivation American market, which, instead of a rise, as a result of other condi­ of sugar cane has practically disappeared. In Hawaii it probably never tions, declined in value. existed. Sugar produced under the American flag commands in the market of It is not desil·ed to go into the social value of the Filipino method, the United States a price based on the price of Cuban sugar and in· but it is necessary that we understand that the method in the Philip­ creased by the tariff which that sugar must pay on entering the pines, however socially beneficial, is not the method which in Hawaii, United States. Cuba, and Porto Rico bas resulted in great and economical production These gentlemen were interested that there should be left in the of sugar cane, and it is reasonable to suppose that under the Philip­ United States market a place for 5,000,000 tons of Cuban sugar, or, pine method the high efficiency of cultivation in these other territories possibly, 6,000,000 tons. will be attained slowly if it is ever attained. It would be difficult to produce a more· convincing proof that Philip­ When we speak of the profits of producing sugar in the Philippine pine sugar coming in free of duty does not affect the price of sugar Islands we should clearly distinguish whether we are referring to a produced under the American .flag than is the omission of the contrary sugar central cultivating no cane but operating under a milling contract, statement from this circular. Surely such an obvious al'gurnent, if the or the landowners cultivating cane on their own property, or tenants of facts justified it, would not have been omitted. such landowners cultivating cane, or even landowners who lease their By the treaty of Paris, terminating the Spanish War, the Philippine lands. Archipelago was ceded to the United State-s and Spain relinquished all Occidental Negros is the greatest sugar-producing Provinc'"e in the claim of sovereignty over and title to Cuba. The United States, occupy­ Philippine Islands, and under the customary contracts existing there the ing Cuba on this relinquishment of sovereignty by Spain, proceeded to landowner gets 12 per cent of the total cane produced, the central 45 establish therein as rapidly as possible an independent government and per cent, and the tenant 43 per cent. If the landowner cultivates his relinquished its sovereignty to that Government. land, he receives 55 per cent of the cane. The relations of the United States to the Phllippines, its own Terri­ It is entirely possible and not unusual that the central and landowner tory, over which it exercises unqualified sovereignty, and to the inde­ may operate at a profit and the tenant, who actually produced the pendent Republic of Cuba are naturally entirely different. sugar cane, may operate at a loss. A continuance of such a loss, how­ The United States negotiated with Cuba a trade convention, under ever, necessarily involves the planter and the central if the latter are which preferential tariff treatment was given by each country to the engaged in advancing to the tenant. This· is also customary. products of the other. '.rhis convention by its terms (Article XI) As is well known, there bas been in recent years somethlng approach­ "shall continue in force for the term of five years from date of going ing a crisis in the Cuban sugar industry. Those engaged therein have into effect, and from year to year thereafter until the expiration of one naturally sought various forms of relief. As is usual in such cases, year from the day when either of the contracting parties shall give some of the suggestions would probably, if adopted, afford little or no notice to the other of its intention to terminate the same." substa.ntial improvement in present conditions. Congress may legislate for the Philippines in tariff and other matters Under date of September 21, 1927, a circular under the caption, as it sees fit, and the resulting legislation shall be in effect so long as "The Future of the Philippine Sugar Industry," was given wide distri­ Congress desires. Congress, however, is without authority to continue bution by the United States Sugar Association, 81-83 Beaver Street, the present trade relations with Cuba after the expiration of one year New York. The beading of this circular showed that tbe executive com­ from the day when tbat Republic gives notice of its intention to termi­ mittee of the association was composed of the following gentlemen: nate the same. George A. Zabriskie, chairman ; Frederick B. Adams, president Cuban Against unfair treatment in Am<'rican legislation Cuba may protect Dominican Sugar Co. ; E. H. Costello, vice president Czarnikow-Rionda herself under the "terms of the treaty. Against unfair treatment in Co. ; Thomas A. Howell, director Cuban-Dominican Sugar Co. ; George E. congressional legislation the Philippines have no such Temedy; in fact, Keiser, president Cuban-American Sugar Co.; Frank C. Lowry, prE;sident have no remedy. Lowry & Co. (Inc.) ; Walter E. Ogilvie, director Cuba Cane Sugar Cor­ This power of Congress imposes on it an obligation which would not poration; M. E. Rionda, vice president Czarnikow-Rionda Co. be imposed by any treaty, an obligation of benevolent, considerate 1929 CONGRESSION.._t\.L RECORD-HOUSE .' 5245 ·. treatment which it bas always given to the Philippine Islands and larger percentage of its total products in sugar, would not affect in which is the source of the greatest pride to ·our people.· It is not to be any way the actual trend of production in the Philippine Islands. · J.)elieved ·for a moment that this treatment will not be continued. · The first· and perhaps -a conclusive reason why the United States· . However liberal Congress may have been to the Philippines, illiberal should do nothing in its tariff legislation to slow up progress in the treatment of Cuban sugar is certainly not evident from the result. · Philippine Islands is that based on the employment of the people. With one-fourth the population of the Philippines, Cuba to-day pro­ The Hawaiian sugar producers, to keep up their present production duces eight times the sugar produced in the Philippines, and the United of sugar, employ at present approximately 26,500 Filipinos, and recruit States market still procures nearly three-fifths of its sugar from Cuba annually in the Philippine Islands approximately 7,000 Filipinos f~ and approximately three-fortieths from the Philippines. This, gentle­ the cane fields of Hawaii. Some of these men remain in Hawaii, othe" men, is after 30 years of American sovereignty. return to the Philippine Islands, and quite a number add to the numbers The United States Department of Commerce Yearbook for 1928 says : of Filipinos on the Pacific coast, which has been a source of complaint "The sources of our sugar supply in recent years, while varying con­ by American labor on the coast. It would certainly seem that we should siderably from year to year, may be divided roughly as follows: Domes­ not take the position that the Filipinos, to··produce sugar, must migrate tic production, one-fifth ; imports from our insular possessions, one­ to Hawaii. fifth; and imports from foreign countries, three-fifths. Domestic pro­ The Cuban interests, who are at present the largest producers ot duction has shown comparatively little change during the past decade, sugar, admit that no more sugar can be produced with the Cuban people, but imports from our insular possessions and from foreign countries but if the American market will, at a paying price, absorb Cuban sugar have substantially increased." then· the Cuban interests may import Haitians· and labor from the other It will be observed at once that those conditions which call for cur­ West Indian islands. In other words, increasing the production . of tailing crops and other steps to take care of an exportable surplus do not Cuban sugar does not mean· a peculiar advantage to the Cuban people, apply to the sugar industry in the United States. Not only do we not but an advantage to the holders of stock ·tn Cuban sugar properties and have an exportable surplus, but we are the largest importers of sugar possibly an advantage to seasonal labor imported for the cane fields,: in the world. The domestic producers are not approaching a condition . labor of a type which the Cuban d~es not · desire to include - in bis in which they can supply the demand for sug~r. The price of sugar in citizenry. the American market still continues to be the price of Cuban sugar, In Porto Rico the situati'on is different. The laborer of the sugar plus the duty which Cuban sugar must pay on entering the United fields is a Porto Rican, but at present all Porto Rican land available for States market. This, of course, is a general and approximate, but the production of sugar is so utilized. accurate, statement. The beet-sugar producer in the United States and the Louisiana pro­ One-eighth pf the sugar which we bring into the United States comes ducer of cane sugar are in different positions. Their industry is, and from the Philippine Islands. This sugar has no appreciable effect on should be, highly protected. The market of the United States absorbs the market. The excluding of this sugar would mean the bringing in many times the total of their production. While they may be, with of an equivalent amount of Cuban sugar, and the price of sugar in the propriety, interested in the tariff, their interest can not, with propriety, United States to the domestic producer would continue to be approxi­ extend to the sources from which the people of the United States secure mately the price of Cuban sugar, plus the duty on Cuban sugar on the sugar which they themselves can not produce. In other words, the entering the United States. sugar industry in the United States may urge a necessary tariff, but Before consideration is given to any act which would discourage the having secured the tariff they can not, with propriety, urge that other production of sugar in the Philippines, it might be well to consider the people be prohibited from producing a natural product. · conditions in the Philippines and in other territory which is now The interest of the Philippine Islands calls for the diversification of producing sugar for the American market. its products. The Philippines at present produce Uanila hemp (abacli) An important element to be considered is the one easily fixed, of area and the production may not be increased without a lowering of the price and population: below the cost of production, due to the fact that there is a constant and adequate supply of Manila hemp for the purposes for which it is Square Popu1ation Production used. If there be an increased production prior to an increase in the miles (in tons) purposes for which it is utilized, the industry in the islands will suffer. The islands are among the largest producers of copra and coconut 3, 435 1, 384, 075 650, ()()() oil. This industry, in so far as the production of coconuts-that .. is, ~~~~~i-~-~::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 6, 449 285, 576 714,000 44, 218 2, 899, 000 4, 608,521 the agricultural end of the industry-is concerned, is being steadily ~hfli~i>iiies::: ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 114,600 11, 244,867 577,390 extended. The coconut-oil industry is on a competitive basis and has passed through several crises. It is observed at once, comparing the territories exterior to the The Philippines ~roouce tobacco and manufacture cigars for home continental United States which furnish its sugar, that sugar produc­ consumption and export and cigarettes largely for home consumption. tion in the Philippine Islands has not been developed, even approxi­ The agricultural end of this industry is fostered and efforts are being mately, as it has been in Hawaii, Porto Rico, and Cuba. The produc­ made to improve the quality and quantity of tobacco produced. tion of sugar per capita is far smaller in the Philippines for the area. The great agricultural product of the Philippines is rice, and there of the islands is far smaller, and it constitutes by far a. lesser per has been a continuous effort to improve the methods of cultivation and cent of the export products. In other words, the Philippine Islands to increase the quantity produced. It looks to-day as though the to-day is in a far better position than any of these territories in the Philippines had reached the point where an adequate home supply of matter of diversification. rice could be produced. The effort of the Philippme government should This is shown not only with reference to the export products but it be directed to maintaining this position with reference to rice, to in­ is more markedly shown with reference to the production of a local food crease the production of other food products, including a further devel­ supply. The Philippine government bas devoted itself more to increas­ opment of the animal industry, and to diversify, to the extent possible ing the production of rice than to the increased production of sugar or and fairly profitable, the production of other tropical products. It bas any other article. taken to heart the position of other agricultural territory in the Tropics In the calendar year of 1928 there was imported into the Philippine which bas been favored by the American tariff in the matter of sugar, Islands rice to the value of $1,074,885. In fact, the importation of and is careful not to overdevelop sugar at the cost of other products. rice into the Philippine Islands has been reduced from 37 per cent of The Statis~ical Bulletin of the Philippine Islands fo.r 1927 gives the the total imports in 1903 to less than 1 per cent for the calenda~ year following as the area cultivated to the fiye leading crops (the. area is 1928. On the other hand, in Cuba rice, corn, and wheat flour consti­ given in h ectares) : tuted approximately 10 per cent of their importations in 1927. Rice------1,807,060 It is important to note also that while Porto Rico, Cuba, and Hawaii Corn------561,430 have increased largely the production of sugar, due to the advantages Coconuts------·------500, ·110 which sugar from this source receives in the United States, the ex­ Abaca (M'anila hemp)------480, 150 Sugar cane---~------~------237,350 portation of sugar from the Philippine Islands is relative to other exports not so great as it was in the Spanish domination of those It is quite impossible to give even approximately the cost of the. pro­ islands, and the total quantity produced is still materially less than duction of sugar in the Philippine Islands. Even where this industry is double the greatest production in the time of Spain. highly developed ·its cost varies froin year to year and with the effi- When viewed as a whole, the outstanding fact is that the Philippine ciency of cultivation and milling. · Islands produce to-day less sugar per capita, less sugar for its area, The average production cost on seven sugar estates in northern and a less percentage of its total products in sugar than does any sugar Occidental Negros was found to be 2.9367 cents per pound. This corre­ producing external territory tributary to our market. Obviously, sponds to an average cost in Cuba of 2.4966 cents per pound. therefore, if there is to be a curtailing of the production of sugar, it The freight rate to New York of Philippine sugar is approximately should not begin with the least of the offenders, if it be an offense two and one-half times the freight from Cuba. It should be noted that to produce a product so natural to these territories. A requirement the seven haciendas in northern Occidental Negros taken are those that the Philippines should not produce more sugar per capita than exceptionally favored, and that the average cost throughout the islands is produced in any of these territories, or more sugar for its area, or a would be far greater. -, 5246 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE. l\lARCH 4 Lbave dwelt but little on this because the cost or' producing sugar of this policy has been most advantageous to the people of the islands. varies so greatly with the amount per acre produced. In the Philip­ It has created in those people a spirit of hopefulness and a feeling of pines the average yield of centrifugal sugar is 2.03 short tons per acre. affection and gratitude to the United States. It has set up a model The highest yield is on the land tributary to the San Carlos ·miJI, where for the treatment of dependencies for all times, showing that the treat­ the production is 3.3 short tons per acre. The yield on land producing ment of dependent peoples is not to be guided ·by the selfish interests of a for muscovado mills averaged but 0.86 short ton per acre. It will be country, but lli.rgely by what is best for the dependent peoples. observed that the maximum does not approach the yield Qf sugar else­ We have, in a manner, by legislation, entered into an agreement with where. This is due to the agricultural methods and to the very limited these people. Section 301 of the exfsting tariff provides for the admis­ use, and sometimes nonuse, of fertilizers. There is no doubt that these sion into the markets of the United States of Philippine products and yields will be increased, and any increase in the total production of continues: sugar in the Philippines in the near future ·will be due entirely to that. · u Provided, however, That in consideration of the exemptions aforesaid, As stated, 36 motlern mills are operating in the Philippine Islands. all articles, the growth, product, or manufacture of the United States, Fifteen of them produce each less than 5,000 tons per annum. Of the upon which no drawback of customs duties has been allowed therein, 21 larger mills, which are comparable to the mills in other sugar. shall be admitted to the ·Philippine Islands from the United States free producing territory from which we get our sugar, one operating since of duty." · l910 is now in the hands of the banks; five of those constructed through That is, we give ourselves a right in the market of the Philippine the efforts of the Philippine National Bank are still indebted to the Islands, not arbitrarily and because Congress has the power so to do, bank in the total sum of $15,000,000. It is true that these centrals but justified by the treatment which we give to the products of the were floated without capital available to the stockholders. Philippine Islands in the United States. As will be noted from the quotation from Governor Forbes's message There is no suggestion that we should give up ·the privileges that we to the Philippine ~gislature in 1911, the hope of the Philippine govern­ now have in the Philippine market. There is no suggestion that cotton ment has constantly been to develop a sugar industry in the islands in textiles from the United States in excess of a certain· limit should pay which the mill would be owned by the planters supplying the cane duty on entering the PhWppine Islands. · thereto--would, in fact, be a cooperative farmers' mill. If the mills Until such time as we .shall have materially built up the Philippine tributary to the bank are e~abled to pay off their indebtedness to the Islands the advantages will be on the side of the Philippines, inten; bank, this will have been brought about with -reference to more than tionally so and properly so, but we do receive very material benefits­ one-third of the sugar-producing territory in the Pb.ilippines. benefits to our shipping, benefits to our banks in the United States This is very different from what is happening in the West Indies in which ar~ the custodians of the funds of the Philippine government, ·and the sugar industry and is deserving of the encouragement which has benefits to all of our industriat interests who ship their products in part been given it by the admission of its products into the United States. to the Philippine Islands. On the other band, any curtailment of the present privileges would I have mentioned incidentally cotton textiles, which is one of the mean the absolute failure of this experiment, the success of which would largest imports into the Philippine Islands, and the Philippines receive redound to the credit of our Government in the Philippine Islands. more cotton textiles from the United States than does any foreign On a recent visit to the Philippine Islands I was impressed ·with the country, however great, with which we deal. fine ~irit of the people throughout the islands, with their deep appre­ The present arrangement has well been called one of " enlightened ciation of the many benefits extended to them by the United States~ selfishness " on our part. by their fine spirit of cooperation with the government established there, One has little difficulty in showing that the free admission of Philip. and with the Governor General. There was a spirit of hopefulness pine sugar into the United States market does not injure any producer everywhere. Politics was suoordinated to a keen interest in economic under the American flag. There ·has been a great deal of loose talk on welfare of the people. There existed· a spirit in the Philippines of this subject, however. There is always a disposition to say that where which any American could be proud, and th-e pride would be the greater there is so much smoke there must be some fire. Against this, however, when this spirit was contrasted with that existing generally in the we now know that a very ·effective smoke screen may l>e laid Without Far East. The fact that we had been coworkers in creating this mutual fire. In this particular case there is no fire. There is absolutely no understanding and hopeful spirit CQUld not but be a source of pride. merit i.n the contention of any producer of cane in Louisiana or of beets The prestige of the United States in that part of the world and in all in Utah that he is injured by the importation into the United States of' parts where our labor in the Philippines is known is an asset which Philippine sugar under present conditions or any conditions that will we could not, if it were appreciated, think of giving up, and yet, with­ come in the near future. out the· most liberal treatment of those islands, we will have departed HON. CHARLES E. WINTER. from the policy which has earned us this ·prestige and will inerit its - Mr. LEAVITT. Mr. Speaker and Members of tbe House, tbe loss. Furthermore, we will lose it. western part of tbe United States must depend for its repre­ ·dovernor General Stimson is quoted as saying when the threat of sentation not on numbers or the power within tbe House which limiting the Philippine sugar to be admitted into the United States free comes from large delegations. It .must depend upon devotion. of duty was brought to his attention: . , We have bad in tbe House of Representatives from a great "No words can adequately express the depths of my feeling on that State of the West for. three terms a man wbo bas represented subject, because the attempt to restrict· freedom of trade between' the the West in the fullest and most complete sense, a man who islands and the United States represents about the worst possible back­ ward step that could be taken in American policy. It would mean understands the vital problems of· the West and who has been going back to those old doctrines of colonial relations of 300 years ago, an able and effective laborer for its interests as well as those of which held that the colonies of a country existed solely for the benefit the entire Nation He is now going from among our number. It would not be proper for us to let him leave this Chamber of the mother country and could be exploited at will by that country. and the .membership of this House without paying to him our It would mean going back to a doctrine which caused the withering sincere tribute of appreciation, the tribute of regret that be is up throughout the centuries of the flourishing colonies of Portugal and going from us, tbe hope that tbe years to come will be years of Spain and would have done it for Great Britain if it had not been for rich reward, and that be will come back again to public life the American Revolution. in· a way to continue tb~ representation of the great western "Now, I can not believe that any such backward step will be taken country, as in the past. Tbe man to whom I pay a western by America to-day. The American flag stands to-day not only for in­ tribute together with that of all our Members is Judge CHARLES dividual freedom but for freedom of trade for all people under that flag; E. WINTER, of Wyoming. [Applause.] and so long as we retain these islands under that flag we are in duty bound to give them the advantage of trade with the home country. FAREWElL AS A MEMBER Not only would it be w-rong to do otherwise, but how foolish would it be The SPEAKER pro tempore. Tbe Chair takes great pleasure from. the standpoint of American policy. in recognizing the gentleman from Texas [Mr. CoN ALLY]. "At this time America is engaged in an attempt to cultivate trade Mr. CONNALLY of Texas. Mr. Speaker and gentlemen of the relations in the Orient, where trade relations - to-day can only be House, I have always considered it an honor to speak to the cultivated through the cultivation of a confidence in American character House. Noting the face of the clock, I shall not have much and justice, and they can only exist when people believe in America's time in which to say just a word in parting. I have counted it reputation for fairness. Just think what it would do to that attempt a distinction to be a Member of this House for the past 12 years. on the part of America to cultivate oriental trade if our rivals could During that time our country has passed through stirring and turn around and point to an attempt at unfairness and injustice to ow· momentous periods. During that time I have bad tbe pleasure own people under the American flag in these islands." of serving with Members of this body who, in character and 'l'he granting to Philippine products free admission into the United ability, are not surpassed by those in the governmental service States market is in accordance with the principle which, to the extent of any other country on the globe, not surpassed by those in practicable, has guided Congress since our taking over those islands. It any other branch of the Government of the United States. has been enunciated as the Rnly logical result of our sovereignty by both [Applause.] · majority and minority of The Committee on Ways and Means of the As the time approaches for leaving this body I do so with. House of Representatives. Nobody is more competent to enunciate 8: a distinct sense of regret. This is tbe popular body. I can not policy in regard to trade than this body. The result of the application believe that there is elsewhere in Washington any body in

, .. ., 1929 CONGRESSIONAL- RECORD-HOUSE 5247 NEW YORK, N. Y., January 2B, 1929. which the associations are as warm and as lasting as are those To the Shoe Retailer: formed in this Chamber. [Applause.] A danger exists tbat Congress may put a tariff on hides and shoe Since I have been a Member of the House I have been, as some of you perhaps have suspected at times, a partisan. [Laugh­ leather, which are now on the free list. · · · If this new tariff goes into effect, you will have to pay more for your ter.] I have been a partisan without apology, because I believe that the Congress of the .United States supplies a great forum shoes, and you know it will not be a~asy matter to pass this increase of public opinion and that here, in the crucible of debate, ought on to your customers. to be fought out for the benefit of the people the political At present there are only enough hides raised in the United States to questions and the political issues that are to determine the manufacture about one-half the shoes worn by the public. It is therefore very much to your interests to see that bides and course of the Government of the United States. Having political leather are kept on the free list. I opinions, and expecting to have them in the future, have not You can help prevent the passage of this proposed tariff by signing hesitated to utter them here in this House. I know that important events are pressing for attention. the inclosed petition-and by having your customers sigit it also-­ getting as many names a.'3 you can, and then filling in the name of your Noon is almost here. I rose to express my deep sense of indebt­ edness to the membership of this House for the lasting ·friend­ Congressman and mailing it to him at Washington, D. C., using the ships and for the a. sociations of the past. I know that in the inclosed stamped envelope, on or before February 15, 1929. years that are to come you will meet the responsibilities and Twenty thousand letters and petitions, like this one, are being mailed duties which fall to your lot as ably and as patriotically as you to shoe dealers all over the country, and we wish to impress on you the have met them in the past, and when you ·fulfill that measure importance for immediate action on your part. . of duty there need be little fear as to the future of the Republic. When you send the petition it. also might be advisable for you to I bid you an affectionate farewell as a Member of this House. write a personal letter to your Congressman, saying that any duty i~posed on hides and leather will increase the cost of shoes, and this However, at least for the next six years, I shall be a Member of the Senate, and I hope to continue contact with the Members w1ll mean loss of sales, less profits, and less customers. of this body. I thank you very much. [Applause.] Put these petitions on your show cases now ! Instruct your clerks to get as many signatures as possible ! Remember they must be mailed RON. JAMES T. BEGG before Febf'aary 15, 1929. Respectfully yours, Mr. NEWTON. Mr. Speaker, I rise to add just a word of appreciation for the privilege of having served in the House here SHOE LEATHER DEALERS' ASSOCIATION, and in the committee with two very pronounced partisans.. You F. L. KRAEMER~ Treasurer. have just heard from one, the gentleman from Texas [Mr. CoN­ . P .. S."'":'"""B~ sure to ~1 in the name of your Congres man, your· congr.es­ NALLY], who is about to go into another body. We shall miss swnal district, and your State, on the top of the petition in space pro­ his partisanship, but we shall miss even more his good fellow­ vided. On the envelope merely write the name of the Congressman. ship, his courtly manners, and his polished phrases. [Applause.] If !ou do not know offhand who your Congressman is, make it your It was also my privilege to serve on the Qommittee on Foreign busmess to find out immediately. Affairs with another great partisan, the gentleman from Ohio We, the undersigned, retail shoe dealers, with our customers, respect­ [Mr. BroG]. [Applause.] I think you will all agree with me fully request that you vote against any change in the present tariff on that we shall miss the partisanship of that sturdy fighter, the hides and leather used in the manufacture of shoes. gentleman from Ohio. Having the courage of his conviction he We realize that any duties assessed on such leathers must increase is powerful in debate, forceful and convincing in argument. the price of shoes. This will certainly lower sales for the retailer and increase the cost to the consumer. Strong and l:.turdy fighter that he is, his fighting is alw~,ys done aboveboard and in the open. In addition he is always willing Name Address to stand up and take blows just as be is willing to give them. I am sure that we all hope in the interest of the country that sometime la~r our colleague, genial friend, and comrade in arms, JIM BJOOG, will come back to the House. [Applause.] You will notice there are no facts accompanying any of this material, simply the flat statement that to put a tariff on hides MESSAGE FROM THE PRESIDENT and leather will increase the price of shoes and curtail the Tho SPEAKER laid before the House the following message sale§!. If that is so, I would like to have the · Members of Con­ from the President of the United States, which was read, and g~ess ask this association why it is that during the past year referred to the Committee on the District of Columbia, and bides depreciated in price 46 per cent~ with no decrease in the ordered printed : price of shoes but rather an increase. To the Oongress of the United States: I undertook t9 find out the personnel of this so-called shoe leather dealers' association, and for the information of the I transmit herewith for the information of the Congress a Members of the House I shall have printed in the RECORD a communication from the judge of the Juvenile Court of the letter received from Mr. W. V. Anderson assistant cashier of District of Columbia, together with a report covering the work of the National Bank of Commerce in New Y~r.k .City: the juvenile court during the year ended June 30, 1928. CALVIN CooLIDGE. NATIONAL BANK OF COMMERCE, New York, FfflJruary 6, l!n9. THE WHITE HOUSE, March 4:, 1929. Mr. ARTHUR T. GODING, MESSAGE FROM THE PRESIDENT--PRESIDENTIAL .APPROVALS Assistant TreasUrer Armand Schmoll (Inc.), A message from the President of the United States, by Mr. 41 Park Row, New York. Latta, one of his secretaries, communicated to the House in DE.AB Mn. GODING: We are informed that the Shoe Leather Dealers' writing that the President had approved and signed the follow­ Association was formed a few months ago to fight the new tariff laws ing acts at the Capitol to-day, March 4, 1929: on the importation of leathe-r which was begun by the Republican Party. H...R-12666. An act for the relief William S. Shacklette; and Their funds have been raised entirely by donations and they are not H. R. 13929. An act to provide for the enlarging of the -capitol soliciting members. There are very wealthy men behind the association Grounds. and they are not seekers of credit. The association will terminate as soon as they have done their best to modify the trade laws. They say ExTENSION OF REMARKS that in reality they are fighting for the consumer, for if leather is TARIFF ON HIDES AND LEATHER cheaper shoes will also be cheaper. Mr. Monroe Einstein is president, Mr. BEGG. Mr. Speaker, during the closing weeks of Con­ and he has various other connections, the principal of which being J. Einstein . (Inc.). Mr. Frank I. Hecht, vice president, is also presi­ gress - M~mbers ~ave been receiving petitions protesting against any tanff on hides or leather. These petitions on their face dent of one of the largest shoe shops in Paris. Mr. F. L. Kraemer, seeVI to come from the retail dealers in shoes throughout the treasurer, has for a long while been a customshouse brokel·, dealer in country. freight of all kinds. Mr. L. M. Real, secretary, has been in the leather It so happens that an association called the ·Shoe Leather business for a long while. Dealers' Association, 16 Bridge Street, New York City, headed Trusting the above answers your inquiry, we remain, by Monroe Einstein, president ; Il,rank I. Hecht, vice president ; Very truly yours, F. L. Kraemer, treasurer; and L. M. Real secretary formed W. V. ANDERSON, themselves into said association fo1· the pu~pose of furthering AsSistant Cashier. propaganda against tariff on hides and leather. The following At this point I want also to have inserted in the REcoRD a letter was sent to the retail shoe dealers throughout the United Jetter sent out to the sales representatives of the American shoe States, together with copies of blank petitions· similar to that industry. This letter hardly needs to be commented upon it is- which is printed hereafter: so preposterous and distortive of the truth. ' '5248 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE ~fARCH 4 THE NATIONAL SHOE TRAVELERS' ASSOCIATION, justification for their claim that to put a tariff on hides would Boston, Mass., February 1, 1929. increase the prices to the ultimate consumer. Mr. L. J. Wilbur, To the Sales Representatives of the American Shoe Industry. of Swift & Co., said over the radio on January 26 of this year GE!IITLEMEN : The American shoe industry is faced with a very strong that every loss of hide value was deducted from the price paid movement to impose a duty upon hides and skins. to the farmer for the animal. I quite agree with that state­ Such a duty must mean higher prices for all leather and shoes. ment; hence the .only conclusion to be drawn is that agriculture Higher prices for any commodity inevitably spell fewer unit sales. received $89,000,000 less last year for this one item of their pro­ Therefore the effect of such a duty upon our industry would be duction than they should have received by reason of a lack of a disastrous. tariff. That statement could not stand alone unless supported We feel that some of the representatives from certain districts have by some import facts. a misconception of the influence of such a duty upon their constituents. Let us look into the importations. There was imported into We further feel that the sales representatives of the shoe industry, the United States in the ye.ar 1928, last year, $44,000,000 worth through their routine travels, have the opportunity to do much in point­ of leather or 41 per cent of the total consumption. We find that ing out the economic effect of a duty on hides and skins to the farmer, 54,000,000 square feet of calf and kip leather alone was im­ for whose supposed benefit this duty is requested. ported into this country last year. · I am anxious for the Mem­ We are inclosing a brief pamphlet pointing out some of the facts, bers to get this statement. While the price of raw hides de­ which will amaze many of us. We urge you to use every method in creased 46 per cent last year the importations of leather prod­ your power to propagate every argument at your command to relieve ucts in volume have increased 587 per cent from 1923 to 1927, this pressure for a duty on hides and skins. inclusive. Can any Member of Congress who believes in the We emphasize the fact that there is very little time left for effective principle of protective tariff say that in the face of the above work, and that any work to be effective must directly or indirectly figm·es the farmer is being adequately protected on one of his influence the opinion of Congressmen and Senators who now favor a duty products where protection could easily be given. upon bides and skins, or bring pressure to bear upon them from their From what countries have these importations come? Austria, own constituents. Belgium, Czechoslovakia, Denmark, France, Germany, Nether­ It seems impossible that a farmer who is acquainted with all of the lands, Switzerland, United Kingdom, and Canada. facts on this subject would insist upon such a tariff. We feel that its Notice in one particular class of importations what hap­ benefit to him will be doubtful, while at the same time it will seriously pened. In 1913 we imported $127,735 worth of calf and kip injure one of the Nation's most important industries, with an attendant leath~r. In 1928 we imported $14,000,000 worth of similar economic effect upon all people who sell the ·wage earners in the shoe grades. industry. This naturally would have a serious effect upon the farmers' What has been the effect on business in this country in face sales to general industry. Such a principle 'sufficiently multiplied of these facts? We have invested in the leather business in the amongst many industries would so reduce the farmers' market as to United States approximately $300,000,000. In 1925 and 1926 make prosperity impossible for him under any conditions. . that industry lost heavily. In 1927 the business earned 0.8 per We would be very glad to send to you, or to any addresses that you cent on their investment. Of all the major industries we have, might designate, any reasonable quantity of these pamphlets which you the calf-leather industry is in about the worst financial condi­ might request. tion. For the information of Congress I will list a few of our Please address your requests to T. A. Delany, Secretary National Shoe industries with the percentages of their earnings : Travelers' Association, 429 Statler Building, Boston, Mass. Agricultural implements ______..;______9. 5 Cordially, Automobiles------23 (Signed) A. F. BANCROFT, Construction materials ------11. 55 Cha4rman ot Sales Division of National Boot and Chemicals------13 Shoe Manujaoturers> Associ4twn, Tariff Ootnmis8Wn. Copper and brass------5. 43 J. FRANKLIN MCELWAIN, f~~~~~o~~:1:::::::::::::::::::::::::~::::~:::::::::::::: ~:~~ Ohairntat~ Tar·£ff Commission of tl~e National Packing------5.66 Boot and Shoe Matnufacturers' Assooi4tion. Sugar------4.3 Calf leather------·------• 8 Here are a few facts I should like to give to the Members Another effect on the calf-leather industry has been a de­ of the Seventy-first Congress: crease in the employment of about 10,000 people or a falling off Are not hides and calfskins much lower in price to-day than of an annual pay roll of $73,000,000. These 10,000 people of they were in 1912, while the prices of shoes are 80 per cent necessity must have sought employment in some other line of higher than they were then? activity as well as contributed to the Une of the unemployed. If the price of shoes fluctuates with the price of hides and Compare the wages paid in the leather industry, tB.e calf and leather, as stated by this Shoe Leather Dealers' Association, kip leathe~ industry in the United States, with that of their how do they explain this disparagement? competition. In that industry in this country we pay 54 cents One year ago light packer cowhides sold at 24 cents per per hour. On a 10-hour-a-day basis it makes $5.40 per day. In pound. Now they are selling at 13 cents a pound, a slump of Germany similar labor is paid 25 cents per hour, or $2.52 per 11 cents, or 46 per cent. day, while in Czechosloyakia this labor receives 17 cents per Raw calfskins sold a year ago for 29 cents a pound and to-day hour, or $1.73 per day. the same grade of calfskins sells for 18 cents a pound. A slump Now, by applying just the rules of common reason for a of 11 cents, or 38 per cent. minute and granting that a leather laborer in Germany or What has happened to the prices of shoes? They have cer­ Czechoslovakia can make as many square feet of leather in 10 tainly not decreased. Generally speaking, they may have re­ hours as similar laborers can in the O~io Leather Co. factory mained stationary. at Girard, Ohio, and by assuming for the sake of the illustra­ This shrinkage in the prices of calfskins reflected in dollars tion that one man working in a leathe~ factory can make 100 means what to the producers of hides or the farmers? The square feet in 10 hours, whether he works in Ohio, Germany, or average cowhide weighs 50 pounds. That makes a shrinkage of Czechoslovakia, we find the labor cost on these 100 square feet $5.50 per hide. There were 14,000,000 cattle slaughtered last of leather in the United States to be $5.40, in Germany $2.52, year in the United States. The loss on hides alone would be and in Czechoslovakia $1.73. :five and a half times 14,000,000, or $77,000,000. When the factory salesman calls upon ~is trade to sell calf There were 11,000,000 calves slaughtered in this country last leather he must necessarily quote higher prices on American­ year. A calfskin averages about 10 pounds, which would make made leather. That answers itself. The salesman representing a loss of $1.10 per skin, or a total loss of more than $12,000,000 the American plant must in quoting his price for leather keep on calfskins. Take the loss on cowhides, $77,000,000, and add in mind that $5.40 is paid to the laborer for every hundred to that the $12,000,000 loss on calfskins, and we have a total loss square feet; while the German has only a $2.52 labor cost to to the farmers of $89,000,000. When I say loss to the farmers, care for, or 50 per cent less; and the Czechoslovakian has but I mean that, whether the farmer slaughtered the animal or the $1.73, or 66% per cent less labor cost. packer slaughtered it. The value of the carcass plus the value So one readily concludes there is only one decision to make of the several by-products are all reflected in the price paid the for the American Congress-either furnish protection to the farmer for the animal on hoof. calf-leather manufacturers in this country or say by their Now, the question arises naturally, if the producers of hides, refusal that they are willing to surrender that great industry to or the farmers, received last year $89,000,000 less for hides than our competition, that in Germany and Czechoslovakia in they did the year before, did the buyers of leather products, particular. shoes, and so forth, save that? If this so-called Shoe Leather Knowing as I do the desire of the Republican Members to Dealers' Association can offer any evidence to show that the furnish adequate protection to Amet:ican producers to offset the masses of the people who buy shoes paid $89,000,000 less for difference in cost of lab.or for their competitors operating in their commodities last year than previous, there might be some cguntries having available cheap l!!bor, I am confident that the

/ 1929 CONGRESSION A~ RECORD-HOUSE 5249 Seventy-first Congress will recognize the necessity for a tariff Resolved by the American Legion in convention assembled at the on calf and kip leather, as well as leather products. tenth annuaZ national convenUon, San Antonio, Tem., October 8 to n, 1928, That we favor and recommend continuance of the method of re­ NATIONAL ORIGINS striction upon immigration in the 1924 immigration law with its funda­ Mr. JENKINS. Mr. Speaker and ladies and gentlemen of mental national-origins provision, so that American citizenship and the Honse, by way of extension of remarks I shall attempt economic prosperity may be maintained at the highest possible level. to answer some of the arguments advanced by the opponents That the correct attitude of the Sons of the American Revo­ to the national-origins system for establishing quotas in the luti~n on this great question may be bad, I am inserting a session of March 3. It is to be regretted that a discussion of portion of a letter received by me from 1\Ir. Frank B. Steele, almost any immigration question excites personal and national secretary general of the national society : animosities. The reason for this is that the immigration ques­ tion is intensely human. It deals exclusively with humanity The attention of the officers of the Sons of the Amel'ican Revolution and the personal rights arrd privileges of human beings and has been called to a statement made in the debate on the national-origins their families. resolution on Sunday, March 3. I wish to ~ay in reference to this The discussion of the resolution under consideration in the statement that at the national congress of the Sons of the American se sion of the House on March 3, 1929, was on a high plane Revolution held in the city of Washington, D. C., May 20 to 23, 1928, and was singularly free from personalities. The question was the report of Hon. Josiah A. Van Orsdel, chairman of the com­ of great importance. Sufficient time should have been given mittee on immigration of the National Society of the Sons of the for its consideration. There is hardly any justification of the American Revolution, contained the following statement: program of having it called up on the Sabbath and on the "Your committee, after investigation, regards the national origins day before adjournment and passed upon with only· about one law as the key to the solution to the immigration question and recom­ hour's total discussion. mends that the National Society of the Sons of the American Revo­ To make tliis discussion logical I must refer to the resolution lution, by the adoption of this report, place itself on record as strongly again and thereby repeat in substance a part of my remarks supporting this law. It has practically the unanimous support of all made on the floor when the re~olution was under discussion. other patriotic organizations in this country, and we believe that our This resolution sought to postpone for another year the going society should no longer hesitate to take a firm stand in this matter." into effect of the national-ol'igins provisions of the 1924 immigra­ This report was unanimously adopted by the congress of the National tion law. This provision of the 1924 law would have gone into Society Sons of the American Revolution and w,as published in the effect in July, 1927, had it not been postponed one year by a official bulletin of the society, entitled "The Minute Man," which is resolution of Congress. Later it was postponed another year. sent to every member of the society for his perusal and information. The same procedure is attempted again. The first postponement It goes without saying that no plan of restricting immigra­ was taken because the census authorities having charge of the tion will be entirely satisfactory to all of those restricted. In matter had not completed their investigations to their own satis­ our program of restriction we have already determined that faction. The second postponement was for the same and for those best qualified to fit into our body politic should be favored other reasons that did not go to the merits of the question. and those least qualified to advance our standards of life and The census authorities have now completed their investigations citizenship should be held back. This test should not be applied and have presented their findings to the PTesident. Doctor Hill, in any spirit of unkindness or injustice. Those physically unfit the census expert, says in his testimony taken before the Senate are excluded, regardless of their nationality. Smaller quotas Immigration Committee on February 4, 1929, and speaking of are granted to countries whose customs and laws and whose the accuracy and sufficiency of the national-origins survey: background is different from ours. Larger quotas are given to The CHAIRUAN. Then the second postponement which was made was those countries whose institutions most nearly 1·esemble ours. equally valuable, was it not? This theory is well understood and accepted. The trouble does Doctor HILL. In the way of studying and checking our figures ; yes. not come from countries whose institutions are different from I have more confidence in them now than I had a year ago. ours, but from the countries that closely resemble us in many The CHAIRMAN. You have more confidence in them now than you had ways. Under the census of 1890 plan Germany snd the Irish a year ago? Free State and the Scandinavian countries are granted quotas Doctor HILL. Yes. that are considered by many as out of proportion to quotas The CHAIR:'IfAN. Within another year do you think you might have granted to other countries when the total population of the still more confidence, or less? nation is considered. On the other hand, many people claim Doctor HILL. I doubt it. that Great Britain, Scotland, and North Ireland are granted a The CHA.lRMAN. Sir? larger quota under the national~origins plan than they are en­ Doctor HILL. I think we are about as near accuracy as we. can get. titled to when the total population of the nation is considered. It is therefore very clear that a postponement can not be The difference in quotas as provided under these two systems justified upon the claim that more accuracy may be secured by is so great as to cause serious consideration. The two plans further investigation. A thorough investigation has been made. are very different. One must be more equitable than the other. Then, how can it be justified? It can not be justified except The 1890 plan is based on the foreign-born population exclu­ upon the theory that the national-origins system is vicious and sively. The native born is not considered. This is a serious objec~io~. ~f on~y foreign born. are to be considered, why not should no~ b~ ~ut .into effect. That it is vicious is denied by most restnctiomsts and by all or nearly all patriotic organiza­ pernnt rm.nugratwn on the basis of all foreigners who have tions in the country. If it is vicious, it should be repealed and ever come into the country? The selection of any particular not postponed. There was strategy in the plan to postpone rather census would fav.or or discriminate against some countries for than to repeal, for more votes could be had for a postponement immigration from the different countries bas come in wav~s at than for a repeal. This was tbe first step in a movement seek­ different periods. The national-origins plan seeks to ascertain ing the repeal.of the law. Why repeal the·law? This brings the number of blood stock of the various nationalities in the us to the merits of the matter. We are, therefore in effect co~t~y. This plan is .absolut~lY, right in theory. The only involved in a controversy to see if we should not repeal a la~ obJection that. can be raised to It IS that the scientists may not du1y passed by Congress and approved by the President with­ be able to arnve at exact figures. The plan is fair. The other out putting that law into effect, although we were not asked to plan is more than fair to some nationalities and discriminatory vote for repeal. To refuse to put a law into effect that has been to others. Therefore it is not fair. If the national-.origins plan pa sed with all the formality incident to the passage of laws is is fair in theory, our only concern should be to see that it is not a very serious matter. Until the law is repealed it is in full unfair in practice. That it reduces some quotas and increases force and effect. Congress having adjourned without repealinoo others as established by the 1890 plan only proves its efficiency. or postponing the law leaves it in full force and effect. Furthe~ At the same time, when it reduces some quotas it is only procedure in the program to prevent the law from goino- into natural that those affected would complain. If the present plan is inequitable, it is inevitable that some effect will be watched with interest. b That the position of the American Legion may be made clear must lose if the inequalities are to be overcome. It is not a on this proposition, and in reply to statements made in the q.uestion of '!bo is superior or who is inferior. It is a ques­ former discussion of this question, as shown by the CoNGREs­ uon ?f who 1s favored now and who is discriminated against, and if those who are favored will relinquish these favors so BION~ REcoR~, I ~er.eby insert copy of resolution passed by the Amencan Legion In Its annual convention: as to equalize the quotas. It is a question of doing justice b~tw~e_n peoples, all of whom ar..e on an equality as to de­ ~EC'l'ION 1. Whereas it seems a proper function of the American Sirability. Those to whom has been assigned the task of ~egion to voice its attitude toward nonpartisan questions of public establishing this equality are above suspicion. This being mterest and concern, to the end that life and government in the recognized by all, their work should be approved by all and United States may be improved: Therefore be it accepted by all, and this troublesome question disposed of. 5250 CONGR~SSIONAL RE.CORD-HOUSE MARC-H 4 It has been said many times that the quota system based States, he said, "No, indeed; it does not." .And in response to upon a small group of foreign born enumerated in the United a question as to the fairest way to all nationalities of appor­ States in 1890 is established upon definite and precise sta­ tioning the quotas, he replied that no proposition brought to tistics. Nothing is in reality further from the truth. I call his attention seemed fairer 'than the national-origins plan. your attention to the reports submitted- to Congress in 1924 The stock argument that the 1890 census base apportions the by the Committee on Immigration of this H.ouse, and I can ­ immigration between northwestern and southern and eastern assure you, that, although the tables printed therein were Europe justly was only sustained as an approximation of derived from official sources, you will have great difficulty the truth by the analysis of the population which some Mem­ in finding any coincidence between the quotas assigned to any bers of this House are now attacking. Let me add that the country comprised within the scope of the bills to which they discriminatory features of the 1890 census of foreign born as relate. For example, let me point out that the most signifi­ a base, if it had been adhered to as a permanent method of cant thing about the statistics which were before Congress apportioning the quotas by the House in 1924, would have pre­ in these reports of 1924 is that they have no relation whatso­ vented the passage of permanent· restriction upon immigration ever to any quota which has been assigned to any country at that time. I venture to say that no immigration act based based on the 1890 census, as proclaimed by the President sub­ on discrimination against large sections of our. peopl-e can be sequent to the act of 1924. permanent or a successful democracy maintained by establish­ Let me illustrate this fact by pointing out to you, that in ing race solidarities in our midst. The opponents of national Report No. 350, presented by the chairman of the House com­ origins are making mountains out of molehills. They are mittee to this body on March 24, 1924, the quota credited to asking you to perpetuate discriminations running as high as Great Britain and North Ireland was 41,772, on a basis of 2 100 per cent to avoid errors which may not reach 5 per cent. per cent of the census of foreign born in the United States, Any man and any party tying . themselves definitely to such a as enumerated in 1890 ; whereas the quota proclaimed by the proposition incurs a grave responsibility to the Nation. President after the passage of the act was 34,007, a decrease of 7,765, or 22.8 per cent. In the case of Germany, the quota B.R.IG. GEN. LLOYD M. BRE'lT assigned was 45,229 ; and now, as you know, the quota credited Mr. PORTER. Mr. Speaker, under leave to extend my re­ to Germany under the plan now in force is 51,227, an increase marks in the REcORD, I include the following address delivered of 5,998, or 13.2 per cent. In the case of the Irish Free State, by me at the unveiling of the monument to Brig. Gen. Lloyd M. the estimate before Congress of the quota for this nation was Brett at Arlington~ September 23, 1928; 20,886, but now under the quota schedule as proclaimed by It is, indeed, fitting that we should lay aside our usual labors and the President, the Irish Free State gets 28,567, or an increase journey here from our homes in many States of the Union to pay of 7,681, or 36.7 per cent. Were it desirable for me to pro­ this tribute of respect and esteem to our beloved dead. long this phase of my discussion of the quotas I could point Brig. Gen. Lloyd M. Brett has " crossed over ,,._ the border into out to you other quotas in the list which vary from those- now eternity. A great American, a great soldier, has passed into. history. in force by over 92 per cent. I venture to say, if you try to This modest monument-in keeping witb his character-which the verify the figur~s which I put before you, that you will find Eightieth Division of the Ameri.can Expeditionary Forces is dedicating nothing accurate or precise in the quota system based upon to his memory to-day was erected with funds contributed by tbe the census of foreign born in the United States as enumerated " boys " he commanded. I say " boys " because that is the way he in the census of 1890. always a.ffectionately referred to his soldiers. Let me quote to you what Doctor Hill has to say on this point Brig. Gen. Lloyd M. Brett was born in Maine and: was graduated from from the record of testimony before the Senate committee on the West Point Military Academy in 1879. He was married on the 7th Ma reb 15, 1928: day of February, 1887, to Elma Wallace, of Montana. Most people, I believe, have the idea that the 1890 ba.silf ~ts upon After graduation from West Point he was assigned to active duty on exact figures, but that is r.ather far from being the case, because the the western frontier. In less than a year Congrt>Ss voted him the 1890 census does not show how many people there were in the United Congressional medal of honor, an unprecedented distinction, the highest States in 1890 who were born in that portion of Europe which is Congress can give a SQldier,. the citation reading: now Czechoslovakia. That hAd to be estimated. It does not show " For most distinguished gallantry in action against hostile Sioux how many people there were in the United States in 1890 who were born Indians near O'Fallons Creek, Mont., April 1, 1880. by fearless exposure in that portion ol Europe which Is now Yugoslavia ; that had to be and dashing bravery, cutting off the Indian pony ,.herd and greatly estimated. It does not show how many people there were from that crippling the hostiles, while second lieutenant, Second Cavall:y." portion of Europe which constitutes the present ~ermany, or the pres­ He served continuously on the frontier until 1897. participating in ent France, or the present Irish Free State; all through that had to many Indian campaigns and skirmishes. be estimated. The law contemplates that. It provides that where He took part in the Santiago campaign during the Spanil!h-American there have been transfers of territory the number of people born in War, and. after the fierce fighting there was made provost general of the transferred territory shall be estimated.. So there Is a pretty the American Army. large element of estimate in the 1890 basis. On the 7th day of July, 1898, be had the distinction of being selected by General Shafter_ as commander of the 100 picked men of our Army The same thing is true with all the ·new countries created to receive the surrender of the Spa.nlsh Army, and later the surrender by the war-Poland, Lithuania, Latvia, Estonia, and Finland; of Santiago de Cuba. FOT gallantry in action under fire at tbe Battle i:tl fact, Doctor Hill goes on to say: of El Caney, July 1, 1898, he was cited and recommended for the brevet In making the 1890 allocation, as there was not very much time for of major. careful study, the committee adopted rather arbitrarily the assumption From the Santiago de Cuba campaign he was transferred to the that the immigration from the original country had been spread Pbil1ppine Islands, where he was an actiye participant in skirmishes evenly through the parent country-say that 10 per cent of the popula­ which suppressed Philippine insurrection. · On his return from the tion had been transferred from one country to another it was assumed Philippines he was assigned to National Guard duty 1n Washington for that the transfer took with it 10 per cent of the immigration. That :five years. General Harries,. his commanding o11icer, wrote of his was the assumption we made in arriving at the quotas on the 1890 services: basis. "You have had many predecessors as adjutant general, and some of them have been of the best, but no one half rendered such uncommonly Now, when the committee of experts came to make the ap­ useful service as you have ; no one has given so freely of himself, portionments on the national-origins system, they only used such capable at every point, whether in the office or in the field, an officer estimates as a last resort. Doctor Hill specifically says that if and a gentleman in the highest sense of that combined term, a loyal the committee could get better data and they usually did. they friend whom I shall always hold in tbe highest esteem, you have more made use of such data. than filled every expectation." The 1890 census of foreign born as a basis for a quota system General Brett was also, for more than six years, superintendent of the is established on estimates. Before the quota law was estab­ Yellowstone National Park, a duty very di1rerent in all its essential lished in 1924 immigrants returned to their native lands much features from that of straight soldiering. The Ron. Franklin K. Lane, more frequently than they do now, and the .foreign-born popu­ then Secretary of the Interior, wrote :- lation changed greatly from year to year. New immigration " I never saw a more soldierlike man, or one who by h·adition and coming in would be from d.i.fferent countries, depending upon attitude is more of a soldier." the tide of immigration moving at that time. In 1916 he was relieved of duty in the Yellowstone- National Park But to return to the figures. The House committee in 1924 and ordered to the Mexican border. On the conclusion of this service said in its report, No. 350,-it was the purpose of the bill then his commanding officer, General Bell. indorsed his efficiency report as reported to maintain the racial status quo in the population. follows: When Doctor Hill was asked last year, Does the distribution "Excellent service as a brigade commander of Cavalry." of quotas based on the 1890 census reflect with any accuracy On August 5, 1917, he was ordered to Camp- Lee.. Va., and shortly the proportion of nationalities that ·now exist in the United thereafter was sent to France. 1929 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-- HOUSE 5251

He entered the World War a colonel, but throughout" the entiie war HON. DANIEL B. ANTHONY, JB., OF KANSAS commanded a brigade as a brigadier general, where, physically and Mr. AYRES. ~1r. Speaker, I wish to say something of my menta:Ily active, forceful and quietly fearless, he made a record of distinguished colleague, DANIEL R. ANTHONY, who is voluntarily which the Republic is proud. retiring from Congress. I am confident that every Member of General Pershing said : Congress on both sides regret . that the condition of Mr. " The services of Brigadier General Brett have been of a very high ANTHONY's health was such that he did not seek reelection. · order. During the World War he served with great ability." His devotion to his congressional duties and his loyalty to his He received at the close of the World War the exceptional honor of State and Nation and his fairness with his colleagues have won the distinguished-service medal, the citation : for him the admiration and respect of all regardless of party "l!'or exceptionally meritorious and distinguished services. He com­ affiliations. During his service in this House he has dis­ manded the One hundred and sixtieth Infantry Brigade with par­ tinguished himself as a member of the Military Affairs Com· ticular efficiency in the markedly successful operations resulting in the mittee and then as a member of the Appropriations Committee. occupation of the Dannevoux sector in October, 1918. In the actions Our colleague, Mr. ANTHONY, is of a distinguished family. near Immecourt and Buzancy in November his brigade broke the ene­ His father, Daniel Anthony, sr., was one of the noted Kansas my's resistance. Due to his masterful ability and brilliant leadership pioneers and was known as a fighter with unlimited courage. these operations proved .a crowning success." It was such men as Dan Anthony, sr., who fought it out with Tlie Republic of France made him an officer in the Legion of Honor those who were determined to make Kansas a slave State. At and gave him the croix de guerre, with palm. The citation from the that time Kansas was a border State, and it took men with French Government : stout hearts and iron nerves to withstand the kind of warfare " He commanded the One hundred and sixtieth Brigade and made of then conducted. There are many things I might say· concerning his brigade a choice unit, through which he broke the stubborn resist­ the father of our colleague, who helped to make the history of ance of the enemy in October and November,· 1918." the Sunflower State. His long experience in Indian warfare, on the Mexic.an border, in Susan B. Anthony, the distinguished aunt of our colleague, the Spanish-American War, the Philippine insurrection, and his mili­ was the champion of equal suffrage, labored and fought for this tary skill enabled him to so command as to reduce his ca.Bualties to a cause for over a quarter of a century, a cause which finally won minimum. Many a veteran of the Eightieth Division owes his life to and is a part of the Constitution of the United States. the audacious genius of Lloyd M. Brett. DAN ANTHONY, Jr., who has served his State and Nation so On his return from the war he said : well in Congress for the past 20 years, is also a man of vision "The thing that I'm most proud of is that my men did so much and ·courage. Although a partisan he never allowed his parti­ and. lost so little. Now that I am back in America, I do not have to sanship to override his judgment, nor did he permit it to cause hang my head in slj.ame in the fear that any lives were lost needlessly. him to think any the less of a p'ersonal friend who might differ We pride ourselves in asilks But thou must find 'round thy human heart And knaves their wine; An adamantine wall, impregnable alike A man is a inan for a' that." To love's sweet smile or pity's tear, On the altar of thy purposes lay .. ~ Doctor McDowell was born November 11, 1771, in Rockbridge County, Va., son of Samuel and Mary McClung McDowell. He was married to Freedom and ease and rest and calm· content­ Sarah Shelby, daughter of Gqv. Isaac Shelby. He was the ninth of The joys of home, hope, happiness, and heaven; 12 children. His ancestry were Scotch on both sides. Though a Vir­ And when thou'st reached the lonely mountain top ginian by birth, he was a Kentuckian from childhood, having moved to And stand at sunset by the glittering thing Danville when only 13 years of age. Kentucky was then a wilderness For which thou'st left the peaceful vale below, and that now splendid city of Danville was a pioneer village of 300 Thou'lt find the brightness that bad lured thee on people, nestled in the forests of oak and poplar. His father, Samuel Above the dear companionship of men McDowell, was judge of Kentucky's famous land court, and of sufficient Was but a mocking gleam of chilling light affluence to educate Ephraim in the universities of America .and Scot­ Refiected from some bleak and icy crur land. Edinburgh was then the medical center of the world, and to the That frowns above eternal fields of snow "­ great university there young McDowell was sent. His inspiration, how­ never applied to him. ever, was received at the feet of a private tutor who fired his imagina­ Greatness must ever be accorded men, measured by their supreme tion with the possibilities of removing diseased female organs from the accomplishment-Poe not by his intemperance but by · his Raven; vital cavities of the human body. This was Dr. John Bell, of Edin­ Bunyan not by his dissoluteness but· by his Pilgrim's Progress; Clark burgh, who dreamed of, but never attempted, these operations. not by his sullenness but by his capture of Vincennes; and McDowell Perhaps it was the backwoods setting, the heroic environment, the not by his indifference but by his ovariotomy. · very necessity of the thing, that gave Doctor McDowell, then recogniZed These great accomplishments measure the capacity of the man- as the leading physician and surgeon of the South and West, that unde­ " Like some. tall c.llff that lifts its awful form. finable resignation of mind and soul that precedes an entry into the Swells from the dale and midway leaves th.e storm, unknown. Columbus was the most skillful navigator ol his time; he Though rolling clouds around its breast are spread, had studied deductions from all the known facts ; he was inspired by a Eternal sunshine settles on its head." resigned faith. McDowell possessed the same· qualities of mind and soul, May I add my humble judgment that of the able· committee who and as Columbus sailed into the unknown areas of an uncharted sea, to selected Henry Clay and Dr. Ephraim McDowell and to that of the Ken­ McDowell entered into the unknown secrets of .a human life. tucky Legislature who approved their finding that among all Kentucky's .The circunistances were these: Jane Crawford, a woman in the prime noble sons and daughters these should represent her here and these of life who lived in Greene County, Ky., was suffering what were· sup­ sta toes, like their lives, both remind us- posed to be the pains of cbildbirth. As time and suffering went on without apparent progress, Doctor McDowell was called into the case " We ·can make our lives sublim-e, and rode horseback 60 miles through the wilderness to her bedside. A And departing leave behind us thorough diagnosis, an explanation to the attending physicians preceded Footprints on the sands of time." the ordeal of elling the unhappy woman of her fate. It was fully SttTH .ANNUAL SB:JllN.A.NDOAH :.APPL».BLOSSOM FESTIVAL explained to her that those pains, similar to labor pains, came from an ovarian tumor, that they would increase until death, shortly, would Mr; HARRISON. Mr. Speaker, perhaps no better use could relie-ve her of her agony. Such then was the unhappy state of su1Iering be made of the privilege to extend my remarks in the RECORD womanhood. than to _call attention to the annual apple-blossom festival, which 1929 OONGRESSION AL RECORD-HOUSE 5253 has become a part of the life of the Shenandoah Valley of Ohio and the Pennsylvania Railroads take an active part in Virginia. the parade and always have an interesting program. The sixth annual celebration will be held at Winchester dur­ Automobile routes lead through the orchards amid the blos­ ing tbe coming May on a day hereafter to be named. Nothing soms of thousands of trees. has attracted such general attention to the growth of the South An artistic program will be mailed to anyone who will write and of the State of Virginia in general and of the Shenandoah for one to Mr. J. V. Arthur, director general. Valley in particular' as these magnificent annual pageants. · In the name of the people of the Shenandoah Valley of Vir­ Of all agricultural developments in the South, none has com­ ginia I extend an invitation to the Members of Congress and pared with the apple orchard in this beautiful section of tbe the public to visit this most beautiful of all valleys when by State of Virginia. nature she is robed in her choicest apparel and is arrayed in un­ The apple orchards have developed into a tremendous indus­ paralleled loveliness. Amid beautiful scenery, thrilled by the try, and we claim that no better apples are grown than in this history of the Nation in critical eras, the air redolent with the valley. aroma of the blossoms, the visitor will witness spectacular But the valley is not only famous for its orchards as an indus­ pageants portraying the struggles of the past and the magnifi­ try. Its scenic beauty thrills the heart· of the visitor as a cent developments of the present and the glorious promise of panorama which is unrivaled in nature's most artistic handi­ the future. work. Highly improved highways pass through this section All who honor the festival with their presence will receive a from every center of population. Seven splendid up-trep. inspection for the detection of disease. However, State or municipal resenting the dep~rtment of New York of the American Legion, inspection may be appropriate to determine whether the reindeer meat appeared before the committee and eXJ}lained in detail th'e great may have become spoiled due to improper storage or handling. The need for additional hospital facilities in the western end of New reindeer has for many centuries been a domesticated animal and not York State. Mr. Williams, a disabled veteran himself, whose subject to game laws. record is numbered among the most heroic of those who served For the joint committee: PAUL G. REDINGTON, in France, is in a position to know the situation with regard to OMef, Bureau of Biological Survey, hospital facilities in the western New York district. He is the De-partment of Agriculture. chosen representative of the American Legion, and among other ;J. R. MOHLER, things it is his duty to investigate and bring to the attention Ohtet, Bureau of Animal lndwrtry, of the authorities the claims of disabled ex-service men. I quote Department of Agriculture. here excerpts from his statement before the committee: WILLIAM HAMILTON, Assistant Ohief, Alaska Di'IX8ion, Bureau of Education, Mr. Chairman, Mrs. RoGERs, and gentlemen, in representing the de­ Department of the Interior. partment of New York in presenting to you the situation of veterans' hospitals, I desire to say that this is not a new proposition. It has VEI'ER.ANS' HOSPITAL FOR WESTERN NEW YORK been on our program for several years. I have a fQlder that I dug out Mr. MEAD. Mr. Speaker, I desire to discuss the subject of of the files, which is five years old. It contains a lot of information, the legislation contained in H. R. 15921, a bill to authorize and I thought I would pot that in, too, with my own knowleuge of an appropriation to provide additional hospital, domiciliary, and what the situation is. As you know, we have two regional offices In out-patient dispensary facilities for persons entitled to hos­ New York State; one is situated in New York City and the other office pitalization under the World War veterans' act of 1924. Hear­ is at the extreme end of the State, Buffalo, where I happen to reside. ings were held on this legislation by the subcommittee on the At the present time there is a waiting list for tuberculosis patients. hospital building program of the World War Veterans' Legisla­ I am referring now, of course, to the Buffalo end of New York State, tion Committee. At this point I shall insert as part of my the regional office taking care of 32 counties. In Erie County of New remarks a copy of H. R. 15921: York State, where .the Buffalo regional office is located, we have 32,000 veterans. We have in close proximity to the regional office quite a A bill (H. R. 15921, 70th Cong, 2d sess.) to authorize an appropriation number of large towns; in 60 miles we have Rochester, the third to provide additional hospital, domiciliary. and out-patient dispensary largest city in the State; in about 120 miles · we have Syracuse, the facilities for persons entitled to hospitalization under the World War fourth largest city in the State. In other words, I am trying to bring veterans' act, 1924, as amended, and for other purposes out the point that in requesting additional hospital facilities, as a Be it enacted, etc., That in order to provide sufficient hospital, general hospital, for New York State, it is largely to take care of domicj.liary, and out-patient dispensary facilities to care for the in­ western New York, where the Buffalo regional office is located, the creasing load of mentally a.ffiicted World War veterans, and to enable veterans applying in person for hospitalization, as well as through mail the United States Veterans' Bureau to care for its beneficiaries in and through the contacts at Rochester, Syracuse, Binghamton, etc., Veterans' Bureau hospitals, rather than in contract temporary facilities where Veterans' Bureau representatives are located. and other institutions, the Director of the United States Veterans' We have· no general Veterans' Bureau hospital in New York State Bureau, subject to the approval of the President, is hereby authorized at all, and the distance that we have to send them, from Rochester. to provide additional .hospital, domic~iliary, and out-patient dispensary Syracuse, and particularly from Buffalo and Niagara Falls, or any of facilities for persons entitled to hospitalization under the World War the towns around the regional office, works a hardship, as you have veterans' act of 1924, as amended, by purchase, replacement, and re­ heard here before, because of the fact that they have to travel a dis­ modeling, or extension of existing plants, and by construction on sites tance of 400 miles, or even a greater distance, to get into a general now owned by the Government or on sites to be acquired by purchase, hospital. I have in mind now the 76 cases that are hospitalized at condemnation, gift, or otherwise, of such hospitals, domiciliary, and out­ the present time from the Buffalo regional office. We had this proposi­ patient dispensary fac.ilities, to include the n~cessary buildings and tion in our recommendations that were made at our last national con­ auxiliary structures, mechanical equipment, approach work, roads, and vention. The New York State Department has authorized me, the State trackage facilities leading thereto ; vehicles, livestock, furniture, equip­ commander, to come down here with a view of asking for a hospital ment, and accessories; and also to provide accommodations for officers, for the western part of New York. We feel, knowing as we do, and nurses, and attending personnel ; and also to provide proper and suit­ knowing as I do, what the situation is, coming in contact with the able recreational centers; and the Director of the United States Vet­ veterans in the Buffalo regional office, that there is a great need. There erans' Bureau is authorized to accept gifts or donation~ for any of have been a great number of cases wherein it has worked a hardship, the purposes named herein. Such hospital and domiciliary plants to be because when they find out the distance that they have to travel, the constructed shall be of fireproof construction, and existing plants pur­ attitude of the Buffalo regional office being, "All we can offer you is chased shall be remodeled to be fireproof, and the location and nature to go down to Brooklyn," the veterans will not accept it. thereof, whether for domiciliary care or the treatment of tuberculosis, Tlte result is that we do not inform them because I do not want neuropsychiatric, or general medical and surgical cases, shall be in the them to accept it, and then go away embittered because they can not discretion of the Director of the United States Veterans' Bureau, subject get into a Government hospital which is open at the present time. We to the approval of the President. are a very patient people up there, and that is why this need has SEC. 2. The constructton of new hospitals, domiciliary facilities, or dragged on for years. It is no more acute now than it was three or dispensaries, or the replacement, extension, alteration, remodeling, or four years ago, but it is acute. In our city department we are particu­ repair of all hospitals, domiciliary facilities, or dispensaries hereto­ larly fortunate there in having administered through the American fore or hereafter constructed shall be done in such manner as the Legion $100,000 worth of relief a year. That takes care of but one President may determine, and he is authorized to require the architec­ county in that part of the State, and I have the figures here to show tural, engineering, constructing, or other forces of any of the depart­ that they hospitalized over 1,000 World War veterans last year that ments of the Government to do or assist in such work, and to employ went into the city hospital, put in either as city cases or as county individuals and agencies not now connected with the Government, if in cases through the American Legion relief bureau. his opinion desirable, at such compensation as he may consider We are not asking for a hospital for Buffalo but a hospital to tal{e reasonable. care of half the State that is not provided for now. My observation is · SEC. 3. For carrying into eJrect the preceding sections relating to that at the present time there are quite a number of veterans wlto coulu additional hospitals and domiciliary and out-patient dispensary facili- go into such a hosptial and it would take care of the western part of 1929 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-ROUSE 5255 New York State; it would take care o! men. who are now not being With the lone exception of the United States marine hospital, cared for, bocause of the fact that they will not or can not go into the which is not a veterans' hospital and is at times filled with hospitals away off down in Brooklyn. patients sent there from other sources, all of these institutions I also quote from a communication received from Douglas I. are located in the far eastern end of New York, an average dis­ 1\IcKay, department commander of the American Legion, which tance of approximately 400 miles from Buffalo and the Niagara explains the attitude of his State organization relative to the frontier. A study of these figures clearly indicates the need of a construction of a general hQSpital in western New York and to general hospital for the care of the veterans in the western end additional hospital facilities in other parts of the State: of district No. 2. When this hospital is constructed it will to a degree relieve the congestion now existing in the other hospitals Additional Veterans' Bureau hospital facilities in New York State of this district. , are sorely needed. Every available hospital is overcrowded, patients are Shortly after the termination of the World War an effort was awaiting hospitalization, and the load is increasing. Our last State made to locate a hospital in western New York. A site was se­ convention went on record for a 500-bed hospital for the northwestern cured and offered to the Government without charge. This site part of the State, where, as matters now stand, it frequently occurs that was located in what is called Cascade Park ·at Springville, N. Y., patients have to be transported from 400 to 600 miles in order to be which is but a short distance by rail or highway from Buffalo, hospitalized on Long Island. Rochester, and cities located along the lake shore from Buffa]o Our State hospital and welfare committee, after careful investigation, to the Pennsylvania State line. Both the city of Buffalo and the found the situation so aggravated, because of the increased number of State of New York have placed their stamp of approval on this cases entitled to hospitalization, that unless ooditional facilities are locality by establishing hospitals of their own within close provided many can not be cared for. That committee recommended a proximity to the site which was then offered to the Federal Gov­ 500-bed hospital for western New York, a new 1,000-bed mental hospital, · ernment. However, that offer was rejected by Colonel Forbes, and a new 200-bed general hospital in New York City. Director Hines 1 has accepted these figures subject only to some minor reduction in size. the then Director of the Veterans Bureau, although a number of my colleagues· and I urged his favorable approval. At the It seems to take approximately four years from the passage of legis­ lation to the occupati-on of the bed by the patient and, therefore, we present time we are not interested in any particular site as we feel that unless the pending legislation is passed at once hundreds of are willing to leave the selection of the location to the Federal veteran patients will be unhospitalized for lack of facilities. Hospital Board, to the Director of the Veterans' Bureau, or to any other representatives of the Government. Conditions, how­ Even the chairman of the committee conducting the hearings, ever, demand that something be done for this large district now the Hon. RoBERT LuCE, of :Massachusetts, recognizes the necessity without proper and adequate hospital facilities. The American for added hospital facilities in western New York. I quote from Legion, after a thorough investigation, has indorsed and recom­ the hearings a statement made by the distinguished chairman mended the immediate construction of a hospital in this end of With reference to this particular hospital question. the State, and I join most heartily in their recommendations. I am frank to say that any study of the map would lead an unpreju­ I trust this legislation is only temporarily delayed by the action diced man to think that you have a better case than some that have of the present Congress in failing to favorably adopt the meas­ been presented to us in the past, and perhaps some that are being ure, and it is my sincere hope that the next regular session of presented to us now. I do not know whether it is my duty to encourage Congress will adopt without delay this very necessary and any other locality to press for recognition, but it seems to me that meritorious measure. western New York has been lost in the shuffle. EDUCATIONAL ORDERS I include also in my remarks a statement giving the existing Mr. HOFFMAN. l\Ir. Speaker, in proportion to national facilities in district No. 2, which embraces the States of New· wealth guarded, the United States maintains the smallest stand­ York, New Jersey, and Connecticut: ing army in the world. Considering population, the United TuberculQitis States has a regular army even smaller than that of Germany as allowed by the treaty of Versailles, and that treaty was Beds Patients specifically designed to render Germany impotent as a military power. Before the World War we were accustomed to speak of pre­ U. S. Veterans' Hospital No. 96, Sunmount, N. Y----·------369 330 U.S. Veterans' Hospital No. 98, Castle Point, N. y______404 392 paredness as if our national defense was based solely upon our U. S. N-avy Hospital, Brooklyn, N. Y------1 1 ability to mobilize and train troops. Once in the war, however, Contract hospitals __ --·------·-··------·--· ------1153 we found that our capacity to organize and train the Nation's Total __ •. ___ . __ ------·------·- 774 876 man power far exceeded our ability. to arm_and equip the troops. We found that, in spite of the fact that many of our industries had been manufactUring arms and munitions for the belligerent I Includes 132 patients at hospitalization centers, Saranac Lake and Liberty, N.Y. NOTE.-Present lo'ld is divided-service-connected, 463; non-service-connected, 413; nations of Europe prior to our entrance in the conflict, we were excess patients over beds at present, 102. Total load on Jan. 1, 1928, 907. dismally deficient in our ability to produce the articles of ord- General medical and sut·gical nance so vitally necessary in the successful prosecution of a war. In 1917 and 1918 we felt the truth of the statement that hastily i~provised preparation is needlessly wasteful of human Beds Patients life and unnecessarily expensive. With the lessons of the war still fresh in our minds, why should we not direct our best U. 8. Marine Hospital, Buffalo{ N. Y------50 so thoughts and effort to the reinforcement of the weak spots in U. 8. Marine Hospital, Ellis Is and, N. Y------1 1 our national defense? U. 8. Marine Hospital, Stapleton, N. Y-· ------2 U.S. Navy Hospital, Brooklyn, N. ¥------449 :ci It is to-day recognized that the training of industrial sol- Contract hospitals_------6 diers is no less important than the training of those men who may be called upon to do the actual fighting in the event of a Total_. __ -----·------502 393 war. We are definitely committed under national-defense legis­ ------'------'---- lation to the preparation of the latter. group. We have our NoTE.-Present load is divided-service-connected, 97; non-service-connected reserve organizations, our civilian military training corps, and 296; excess beds over patients at present, 109. Total load on Jan. 1, 1928, 312. other activities that prepare the Nation's man power for mili- Neuropsychiatric tary service. We spend comparatively large ~urns in t~c~ing our men and boys how to bear arms; we refuse appropriations Beds Patients to prepare for the furnishing of the arms and of munitions of war in the event of the calling of t4ese peace-time trained sol­ Psy- Psy- Psy- Psy- diers to the colors. chotic ~~tl~u- Total chotic c~~ti~u- Total The bill before us (H. R. 450) provides a simple and rather inexpensive method for the training of our industrial soldiers, ------1----1---1---1------a plan under which our industries in times of peace may be u.s. veterans' Hospital No. 81, prepared for- war-time production. Briefly it will give not Bronx, N. Y ------888 19 907 888 19 907 oftener than once in three years to private plants which may u.s. Veterans' Hospital No_ los, appear· to be especially adapted to the purpose educational 993 5 998 805 5 810 U.SNorthport,. Navy Hospital, Long Island, Brooklyn, N. Y- orders for small amounts of selected types of noncommercial N. y ______------100 100 40 40 articles of ordnance. Under this program there will be pre- Contract hospitals ______------320 ------320 pared in our industries a nucleus of men skilled in the produc- Total ______-1,_88_1___ 124--2.-00-5-1~--64---2-.-07-7 tion of the particular type of munitions required. The _neces- sary f:9ols, dies, jigs, and gauges will be available; our plants 5256 CONGRESSIONAL _RECORD-_HOUSE 1\f.ARCH 4 will be able to get speedily into production in the event of a war. have a. capacity only sufficient •to _manufacture from one-half of 1 per The conversion from peace to war time production will be cent to 10 per cent of these n.oncommercial articles. and supplies, depend­ smooth and rapid, and the movement to the field -of adequate ing upon the particular article. This general statement is correct. The munitions may be the controlling factor in winning a war. requirements for war will have to be manufactured partly in arsenals Instead of this legislation being a "war incubator," as has but largely in selected commercial plants after war bas started. The been suggested, it will prove to be cheap national insurance. arsenals can get into production on those articles they have been It is a direct, common-sense plan fo~ the industrial mobilization selected to manufacture quite quickly because the full equipment for of the Nation, which, coupled with the procurem~nt plans of such manufacture is on hand, -and the workmen are trained. But it will the War Department, will go a long way in the perfection of take, under present conditions, from 6 to 18 months for commercial our national defense. plants to get into similar production, and in the meantime our reserves The placing of these educational orders is not possible und~r of many essential items will be completely exhausted, even when these existing laws. It may be said, in reply to the arguments ad-_ reserves are augmented by the relatively small number of articles being vanced on the floor, that our system of expending public funds manufactured at our arsenals. will be impaired by failure to require the SecTetary of War to Generally speaking, our ordnance arsenals are prepared to manufac­ award contracts for the manufacture of groups of material to ture, within the limits of their capacity, all these special articles of the lowest bidder, that such a provision wopld destroy the very noncommercial type. But, because of their small capacity for manu- ­ purpose of the legislation. Low bids, under tb,e competitive sys-­ factoring certain articles which are required in very large amounts, it tern, might be received from concerns which have no interest in has been found most economical and wise to plan to manufacture at the Nation's defense program, but would merely utilize such these arsenals, to the maximum limit of their capacity, only those orders to fill in during periods of depression. Conformity to articles which they are best fitted to manufacture, and the production such requirements woulq often mean the placing·of orders with of which articles in commercial plants would give the greatest difficulty. plants that would receive no allocation of work in the event of In many cases the articles to be manufactured at our arsenals are thos~ an emergency. And again, as has been pointed out by the Sec­ which will be vitally necessary in the early stages of a war. retary of War, other concerns which have the experience nec-es­ Coming now to our general requirements, the number of the vital sary would compete, and it would be necessary to place manu- weapons and supplies needed are so large that our arsenals have the factures with them without advantage to the United States. · capacity to manufacture only a very small fraction of our requirements. Members of the House who are fearful that the placing of We give here a few illustrations to indicate the general situation: educational orders will either result in a retrenchment of activi­ 75-mm. field-gun ammunition : The available supply of loaded ammu­ ties at the various Federal arsenals, or that they will result in nition for this gun is constantly being depleted without r(lplacernent so diverting to commercial industries orders that might well be filled that the situation with reference to this item of ammunition is con­ at the arsenals, should be assured that there is nothing of this stantly growing worse. At the present time there is available sufficient kind contemplated. The industrial mobilization plans provide for loaded ammunition to meet the requirements of the first 13 weeks of meeting the war requirements of tb,e Nation with our arsenals a war, and unassembled components which only become available grad­ as well as with various commercial plants. The arsenals are ually because of the slowness with which assembling facilities will be­ given schedules that will utilize their maximum capacity, but come available. There is therefore at the present time a prospective these will by no means meet o~ requirements, for tb,e arsenals, deficit beginning in the fourth month of a war, the expected supply from in general, can make only from one-half of 1 per cent to 10 per all sources being from one-third to one-half of requirements from the cent of the various items required in a war of major effort. third to the ninth months of the war. Of the 75-mm. gun ammunition The Government arsenals are vitally neces~ary in our scheme apportioned to all sources, totaling 7,911,000 rounds as the maximum to for national defense and for procurement in an emergency, an~ be produced in any one month, Picatinny Arsenal is expected to produce it is the first concern of the Ordnance Department to care for <.rnly 150;000 rounds, or -something less than 2 per cent. Frankford these arsenals, keeping the plant in first-class condition and Arsenal is to assist only in the production of minor components for these ­ maintaining a nucleus of trained personnel. items, its capacity being otherwise used. With our commercial plants scrapping their ordnance facili­ -155-mm. howitzer ammunition: The situation with respect to 155-mm. - ties, with their munitions-manufacturing personnel disbanded, howitzer ammunition is approximately the same as for 75-mm. gun and with the art of such manufacture acquired during the war ammunition as far as reserve and production is concerned. Of the practically extinct, it is estimated that it will take our industry 155-mm. howitzer ammunition apportioned to all sources totaling 1,922,- from 6 to 18 months to produce the munitions required at a 000 rounds as the maximum to be produced in any one month, Pica tinny necessary rate. Our reserves are inadequate, as General Arsenal is expected to produce only 7,500 rounds, or something less than Ruggles has pointed out. in the committee bearings, to bridge four-tenths of 1 per cent. Frankford Arsenal will produce no complete this gap. The most sensible method of doing this is by, under rounds as such, but will produce 25,000 shell per month, or about 1.3 the bill before us, training selected commercial concerns in time per cent of the shell needed. • of peace in the manufacture of these vital munitions so they can It should be understood that the above two types of ammunition are get into quantity production earlier, and before our reserves are only two out of a large number of types which must be provided. exhausted. The part which Picatinny Arsenal and Frankford Arsenal play in the Let us give our careful thought to this measure. The indica­ whole ammunition program is better visualized by a statement that tions are that it will not be enacted at this session, but I am Picatinny and Frankford together will produce approximately 100,000 impressed by the thought that the Members of Congress who complete rounds per month of all calibers out of a total maximum will study the plan closely will be insistent upon its passage monthly apportionment of 26,023,000 rounds, and in addition Picatinny early in the next session. They will find that it is designed to will load 92,000 more rounds. - save lives and money; that it will, as my colleague from New Picatinriy and Frankford together, therefore, will produce less than Jersey [Mr. FoRT] bas said, bring to the aid of the Government four-tenths of 1 per cent -of the· ammunition apportioned for manufac­ in times of peace the genius of our great commercial industry ture, and in addition Picatinny Arsenal can load less tba.n four-tenths for the development of our ordnance, and that it will, too, be a of 1 per cent more of the total apportioned. The deficits must be met mos_t effective guaranty of continued peace in the United States. by production in commercial plants, none of which at present have When it is known that we are prepared to supply our great and equipment to make this ammunition, or trained personnel. - splendid man power with a timely and adequate supply of muni­ Artillery: Requirements under this heading in the order of difficulty of tions as they are needed, it is my belief that no nation or com­ manufacture include recoil mechanisms, guns, carriages, and accompany­ bination of nations will care to run the risk of drawing us into ing vehicles. They also include a large variety of complicated instru­ a war against them. · ments used for the observation of fire, the measurements of angles and The need for this legislation is effectively set out in this letter distances, and for the laying of artillery in azimuth and elevation. from the Chief of Ordnance, which I submit for the RECORD: Qualitatively, Rock Island and Watertown Arsenals can produce recoil Hon. HAROLD G. HOFFMAN, mechanisms, carriages, and vehicles. Watervliet .Arsenal can make the House of Representatives, Unitea States, guns and Frankford Arsenal the instruments. Quantitatively, however, Washington, D. a. the requirements are so large that only a very small percentage of the DEAR MR. HOFFMAN : In reply to your recent request, I am glad to be total load can be placed on these establishments, the remainder having able to give you further information with respect to the kind and to be done by commercial plants. amount of ordnance weapons and supplies which our arsenals will be The plan therefore is to give Rock Island Arsenal practically all the able to manufacture in an emergency. recoil mechanisms, these being very difficult to manufacture. Water­ The total amount of each and all of these technical and noncommer· town will take a small part of the recoil-mechanism requirements and cial weapons and supplies which our armies would require in event of a large share of the heavier and more complex carriages. A few of tbP. war bas been carefully calculated. The amounts needed over and above recoil mechanisms and most of the carriages and vehicles must be ob­ those now in the bands of troops or held in reserve have been set up as tained from commercial sources. Spare parts required in relatively requirements. The general statement has been made that our arsenals small numbers for existing mat~riel will be produced at the arsenals. •I 1929 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE - 5257·

Those required in large numbers or pertaining to major items procured HON. FINIS J. GARRETT commercially will be assigned to outside companies. Mr. TILSON. Mr. Speaker, this day marks the termination In general Watervliet Arsenal . will be given orders for guns which of a very nptable career jn_the history o~ the ~ouse . of Repre­ are needed soonest and for which it already has jigs, tools, fixtures, etc. sentatives. Just 24 years ago there came to this House a Guns required later or for the replacement of existing types will in gen­ young man from one of the western districts of Tennessee. He eral be ordered from commereial sources. Due to recent simplification, was not heralded by any fanfare of trumpets, no1~ was there the new type guns can probably be manufactured by outside concerns in apparent other evidence of an unusual character indicating less time than could the old type. However, the arsenal can make the that a potential national figure was there in the making. Like latter with less delay than either it or the civil establishments could others who have achieved the greatest genuine succe::\S he began manufacture the new models. In general, Watervliet Arsenal will make modestly and developed slowly, but to-day he roun~s out a most approximately one-fifth of the guns (barrel and breech mechanism) enviable record of nearly a quarter of a century of noteworthy required, the remainder being made in commercial plants. service, one-third of it as the leader of his party i:n the House. The plans for Frankford Arsenal contemplate complete responsibility Every Member of the House not only honors and respects, for all optics (lenses and prisms), regardless of whether the metallic but admires and loves FINIS GARRETT. He has shown himself· parts of instruments are made there or hot. Frankford in turn will a nian standing foursquare to every wind that blows, himself procure most of these optical elements .from commercial sources, re­ without variableness or the shadow of turning, and withal a serving its own manufacturing facilities for those used in limited num­ real statesman. For four years he and I have faced each­ bers or of special characteristics. other across the middle aisle of this Chamber, the respective The following list shows some of the items that must be manufac­ leaders of opposing parties, but i:n all this time there has never tured in commercial plants at present almost entirely unequipped or been a single word, not even a thought, of unkindness or even trained for such work, the amounts in round number1{being the require-- misunderstanding, · much less . of anything approaching rancor ments fo~ the first 24 months of an emergency : · · or bitterness. In fact, -our relationship throughout has been. 75-mm. gun~------~------7,000 characterized by the closest and most intimate personal friend­ 75-nun.carriages------5,000 105-mm. howitzers------1,500 ship. Nor have I waited till the day of his departure to throw 105-mm. howitzer carriages------2,000 bouquets, but in private as in public, in season and out of sea­ 155-mm. howitzers------'------300 son, have praised his worth and work, believing that a public 155-mm. carriages ______400 3-inch antiaircraft guns------1,700 servant of this kind should receive his juit mead of praise, 3-inch antiaircraft carriages------1,000 As he takes up a new task in a new field on to-morrow, I am 155-mm. guns and carriages------. 800 75-mm. Infantry mortars and carriages ______sure that the best wishes of every Member of · this House wilr 3, 600. go with him. in his w.ork on the bench, which his charncter Llghttanks------~------~---~------­ 10,0()0 Heavy tanks------·------1,800 and professional attainments will adorn, and continue with Aircraft machine gun, fixed, caliber .30 : The re-serve stock of these him throughout his life, which we all hope may be a long and guns is 2,217 less than the estimated total requirement for the first happy one. month of war. The total estimated requirement for 24 - months is Mr. Speaker, I am sure that every Member of the House 30,597. Due to the fact that the total capacity of the Government's would be sorry if we adjourned to-day without hearing a parting only small-arms plant, Springfield Armory, will be required in connection word from our very good friend, our deservedly honored col­ with the manufacture of rifles and other articles, these machine rifles league, the distinguished minority leader, Mr. GARRETI'. [Ap­ will have to be procured from private manufacturers. plause, the Members rising.] Small-arms ammunition : The total procurement requirement for .30- Mr. GARRETT of T~nnessee. Mr. Speaker and my colleagues calibet· small-arms ammuniti

' 5258 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE Time does not admit of my pursuing the thought and illus­ with me, and the result has been the orderly dispatch of the trating as I should like to. I can only say that I leave, as I public business without friction or undue delay. This courteous came, with the fixed conviction that the end of liberty is to be treatment of me I personally appreciate. served only by a proper division of and respect for the func­ We are now to separate for a brief period. I wish for each tions each government should perform. of you just the kind of vacation each heart desires, provided I have been the recipient of constant courtesy, not only it be the kind that will prove to be best. You have earned and from my party associates but from those of the opposition as richly deserve it. As we separate you carry with you not only well. The majority leader [Mr. TILSoN] in his graciousness and my best wishes, but my earnest hope that when the recess is fineness symbolizes his party in so far as its treatment of me over you will return physically fit for the work that is ahead of as temporary spokesman of the minority is concerned, and by us, and filled with the high purpose to help make the Seventy. tl1anking him I thank his party associates. first Congress the greatest in worth-while service of all our My colleagues, ladies and gentlemen, I bid you a fond adieu history. with the fervent prayer that richest blessings may rest upon Mr. Speaker, I now move that the House adjourn sine die._) you and each of you. The mot~on was agreed to. I come now to the performance of my last official act as a The SPEAKER. The House stands adjourned sine die. Member of the House of Representatives. RESOLU'IlON OF THANKS TO THE SPEAKER REPORTS OF COMMITTEES ON PUBLIC BILLS .AND The SPEAKER. The gentleman from Mississippi [Mr. CoL­ RESOLUTIONS LIER] will please take the Chair. Under clause 2 of Rule XIII, Mr. COLLIER assumed the Chair as Speaker pro tempore. Mr. WASON: Committee on the Disposition of Useless Mr. GARRETT of Tennessee. Mr. Speaker, I offer the reso­ Executive Papers. A report on the disposition of useless papers lution which I send to the clerk's desk. in the Comptroller General's Office (Rept. No. 2816). Ordered The SPEAKER pro tempore. The clerk will report it. to be printed. The clerk read as follows: . Mr. WASON: Committee on the Disposition of Useless House Resolution 351 Executive Papers. A report on the disposition of useless papers in the Government Printing Office (Rept. No. 2817). Ordered Resolved, That the thanks of the House are presented to· the Bon. to be printed. . NICHOLAS LoNGWOBTH, Speaker of the House of Representatives, for the Mr. LEHLBACH : Select Committee to Investigate Campaign J able, impartial and dignified manner in which he has presided over the Expenditures. A report on campaign expenditures conducted deliberations and performed the arduous duties of the Chair during pursuant to H. Res. Z32 (Rept. No. 2821). Referred to the the present term of Congress. House Calendar. · [Applause, the Members rising.] Mr. GARRETT of Tennessee. Mr. Speaker, it is a most happy ADVERSE REPORTS thing to me that I am able to offer that resolution in behalf Under clause 2 of Rule XIII, of the minority, expressing the feeUng and the heart of the Mr. BUSHONG: Committee on Claims. H. R.1392. A bill minority. The Speaker of the Hoose of Representatives--while for the relief of Paine Lumber Co. (Ltd.). (Rept. No. 2818.) exercising, as he should have ·exercised, with earnestness and Laid on the table. with vigor, that high party leadership which inheres in the office with which he bas been honored-has been unifonnly fair, al­ Mr. BUSHONG: Committee on Claims. H. R. 6151. A bill ways loyal to the integrity of the rules of the House, just in for the relief of Oswald H. Halford, Hunter M. Henry, William every decision made and has been an honor to the Chair. His C. Horne, Rupert R. Johnson, David L. Lacey, William z. Lee, name will stand in the list of the great Speakers of this great Fenton F. Rodgers, Henry Freeman Seale, Felix M. Smith body. [Applause.] Edwin 0. Smith, Robert S. Sutherland, and Charles G. Ventress: (Rept. No. 2819.) Laid on the table. The SPEAKER pro tempPre (Mr. CoLLIER). The question is Mr. BUSHONG: Committee on Claims. H. R.11547. A bill on agreeing to the resolution offered by the gentleman from Ten­ for the relief of Catherine Panturis. (Rept. No. 2820.) Laid nes ee [Mr. GARRET!']. on the table. The resolution was unanimously agreed to. [Applause.] The SPEAKER. My colleagues, time and the state of my PUBLIC BILLS, RESOLUTIONS, .AND MEMORIALS voice will not permit me to say more than just a word, and that is to try to express to you, which words could not do, the great Under clause 3 of· Rule XXII, public bills and resolutions gratification I have in this renewed exhibition of your confi­ were introduced and severally referred as follows : dence and esteem, and to thank you for it. By Mr. DENISON: A bill (H. R. 17334) for the retirement If there is any regret I have in looking toward the future of employees of the Panama Canal and the Panama Railroad it is that I will no longer be associated on this floor with my Co., on the Isthmus of Panama who are citizens of the valued and very dear friend of nearly a quarter of a century, United States; to the Committee on Interstate and Foreign the retiring minority leader. [Applause.] Commerce. .... I have never known a man in public life whose sturdy patri­ By Mr. COOPER of Wisconsin: A memorial of the State otism, whose ability, and whose wonderful command of the Legislature. of the State of Wisconsiri. urging the Congress En?lish language I have more greatly admired. [Applause.] of the Umted States to promptly enact legislation either I rejoice, though-and this is some. balm-that succeeding him repealing the national-origins clause of the immigration act will be another friend of mine, a valued friend of a quarter of 1924 or definitely postponing the time of its taking effect; of a century, a rather timid and retiring man, it is true to the Committee on Immigration and Naturalization. [laughter], but one whose abilities as a leader are unques­ Also, a memorial of the State Legislature of the State of tioned. Wisconsin urging the Congress of the United States to enact And now as the time approaches for us to proceed to the legislation favoring the Great Lakes-St. Lawrence Waterway other Chamber I can simply say this, I thank you one and . all project; to the Committee on Rivers and Harbors. from the bottom of my heart. [Applause.] ADJOURNMENT SINE DIE PRIVATE BILLS AND RES~UTIONS Under clause 1 of Rule XXII, Mr. TILSON. Mr: Speaker, before making the next motion, which will be the last one of this Congress, I wish to express Mr. ZIHLMAN introduced a bill (H. R. 17335) granting a my sincere thanks to all my colleagues on both sides of the pension to Elizabeth E. A. Shaw, which was referred to the middle aisle of this Chamber, for the uniform kindness and Committee on Invalid Pensions. cooperation shown in connection with my work here as floor leader. It is an exacting task as well as one of responsibility. PETITIONS, ETC. A single Member, were he unmindful of his own responsibility, Under clause 1 of Rule XXII, might easily make the path which the floor leader of this House 13617. By Mr. GARBER: Petition or memorial of certain must travel a much more difficult and unhappy one without residents of Grant County, Okla., in opposition to the bill violating strictly parliamentary proceedings. None of you, my H. R. 78, the compulsory Sunday observance bill; to the Com­ colleagues, has done this, but on the contrary all have cooperated mittee on the District of Columbia.

) ltD 200