La Crisis Económica En Bolivia
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Former Dictator and President Banzer Dies LADB Staff
University of New Mexico UNM Digital Repository NotiSur Latin America Digital Beat (LADB) 5-10-2002 Former Dictator and President Banzer Dies LADB Staff Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalrepository.unm.edu/notisur Recommended Citation LADB Staff. "Former Dictator and President Banzer Dies." (2002). https://digitalrepository.unm.edu/notisur/13023 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Latin America Digital Beat (LADB) at UNM Digital Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in NotiSur by an authorized administrator of UNM Digital Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. LADB Article Id: 53105 ISSN: 1089-1560 Former Dictator and President Banzer Dies by LADB Staff Category/Department: Bolivia Published: 2002-05-10 Bolivia's former President Hugo Banzer, who resigned in August 2001 after being diagnosed with lung cancer, died May 5. He was 75 years old. To his supporters, his greatest achievement was his political journey from Latin American dictator in the 1970s to elected civilian leader in the late 1990s. To his critics, the repression carried out during his years as a dictator, for which he was never held accountable, made him a symbol of impunity. When Banzer resigned, then Vice President Jorge Quiroga assumed the presidency for the rest of Banzer's term, which ends in August 2002 (see NotiSur, 2001-08-03). Under Bolivian law, Quiroga cannot run for president in the June 30 elections. Banzer, a cigarette smoker, was diagnosed in July 2001 by doctors at Walter Reed Army Medical Center in Washington, DC, with lung cancer that had spread to his liver. -
Las Dictaduras En América Latina Y Su Influencia En Los Movimientos De
Revista Ratio Juris Vol. 16 N.º 32, 2021, pp. 17-50 © UNAULA EDITORIAL DICTATORSHIPS IN LATIN AMERICA AND THEIR INFLUENCE OF RIGHT AND LEFT MOVEMENTS SINCE THE 20TH CENTURY* LAS DICTADURAS EN AMÉRICA LATINA Y SU INFLUENCIA EN LOS MOVIMIENTOS DE DERECHA E IZQUIERDA DESDE EL SIGLO xx Juan Carlos Beltrán López José Fernando Valencia Grajales** Mayda Soraya Marín Galeano*** Recibido: 30 de noviembre de 2020 - Aceptado: 30 de mayo de 2021 - Publicado: 30 de junio de 2021 DOI: 10.24142/raju.v16n32a1 * El presente artículo es derivado de la línea Constitucionalismo Crítico y Género que hace parte del programa de investigación con código 2019 29-000029 de la línea denominada Dinámicas Urbano-Regionales, Economía Solidaria y Construcción de Paz Territorial en Antioquia, que a su vez tiene como sublíneas de trabajo las siguientes: Construcción del Sujeto Político, Ciudadanía y Transformación Social; Constitucionalismo Crítico y Género; Globalización, Derechos Humanos y Políticas Públicas, y Conflicto Territorio y Paz e Investigación Formativa. ** Docente investigador Universidad Autónoma Latinoamericana (UNAULA); Abogado, Universidad de Antioquia; Politólogo, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Sede Medellín; Especialista en Cultu- ra Política: Pedagogía de los Derechos Humanos, Universidad Autónoma Latinoamericana (UNAU- LA); Magíster en Estudios Urbano Regionales, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Sede Medellín; estudiante del Doctorado en Conocimiento y Cultura en América Latina, Instituto Pensamiento y Cultura en América Latina, A. C.; editor de la revista Kavilando y Revista Ratio Juris (UNAULA), Medellín, Colombia. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8128-4903; Google Scholar: https://scho- lar.google.es/citations?user=mlzFu8sAAAAJ&hl=es. Correo electrónico: [email protected] *** Directora de la Maestría en Derecho y docente investigadora de la Universidad Católica Luis Amigó, investigadora de la revista Kavilando. -
1 the Rise of Evo Morales Through an Electoral Lens: an Introduction 1
NOTES 1 The Rise of Evo Morales through an Electoral Lens: An Introduction 1. Venezuela 1993 (Carlos Andrés Perez), 2002 (Hugo Chávez), Ecuador 1997 (Abdalá Bucaram), 2000 (Jamil Mahuad), 2004 (Lucio Gutiérrez), Bolivia 2003 (Sánchez de Lozada), 2005 (Carlos Mesa). 2. This claim is relevant to the Bolivian case since a group of scholars, following Gamarra (1997a), have pointed to the hybrid nature of its presidential system, contained in Article 90 of the Constitution, as the major determinant of its relative success. 3. Comparativists have consistently affirmed that the primary role of leg- islatures has been either “neglect and acquiescence or obstructionism” (Morgenstern and Nacif 2002: 7). Moreover, according to the latest Latinobarómetro (2007), the general population in Latin America regards legislatures as one of the most ineffective and one of the least trusted institutions. 4. In light of Article 90 of the Political Constitution of the State, which grants authority to Congress to elect the president in case no candidate receives a majority, Gamarra (1997a; 1997b) called the system “hybrid presidentialism.” Shugart and Carey (1992) followed Gamarra’s concep- tualization while Jones (1995) identified it as a “majority congressional system.” Mayorga (1999) called it “presidencialismo parlamentarizado” (parliamentarized presidentialism). Regardless of the variations in the labels assigned to the Bolivian political system, these scholars agree that it exhibits features of both presidential and parliamentary systems. 5. The double quotient formula was calculated in the following manner: the first quotient, the participation quotient, would be obtained by dividing the total valid votes in a department by the number of seats to be distributed. -
Bolivian Katarism: the Emergence of an Indian Challenge to the Social Order
BOLIVIAN KATARISM: THE EMERGENCE OF AN INDIAN CHALLENGE TO THE SOCIAL ORDER By Cécile Casen “Como indios nos explotaron, como indios nos liberaremos.”1 The name of Túpac Katari is mentioned in all of Evo Morales’ major speeches. Often presented as Bolivia’s “first indigenous president”, Morales likes to think he embodies the prophesy of this Aymara chief, who was drawn and quartered at the end of the 18th- century: “I will return and there will be millions of us.” Túpac Katari is known for having laid siege to La Paz during the Great Rebellion of 1780.2 His name is also associated with more recent political history, in particular the eponymous movement that, in the 1970s, made him a symbol of Indian resistance to Creole elite oppression and the 1 “Exploited as Indians, it is as Indians that we will free ourselves.” All Spanish-language citations in the present article are our translation. 2 The siege lasted from March to October 1781. The Great Rebellion concerned the entire region of Upper Peru between 1780 and 1783. In this revolt against excessive taxes and the abuses of the corregidores – representatives of Spanish royal power – Túpac Amaru and Túpac Katari were leaders of the regions of Cuzco and La Paz, respectively. Scarlett O’Phelan Godoy, Un siglo de rebeliones anticoloniales: Perú y Bolivia 1700-1783, Cuzco, Centro de Estudios Regionales Andinos Bartolomé de Las Casas, 1988; Jean Piel, “¿Cómo interpretar la rebelión pan-andina de 1780-1783?”, in Jean Meyer (ed.), Tres levantamientos populares: Pugachov, Túpac Amaru, Hidalgo, Mexico, Centro de Estudios mexicanos y centroamericanos (CEMCA/CNCAM), 1992, pp. -
Historia Del Pacto Militar Campesino Titulo Soto
Historia del pacto militar campesino Titulo Soto, Cesar - Autor/a; Autor(es) Cochabamba Lugar CERES, Centro de Estudios de la Realidad Económica y Social Editorial/Editor 1994 Fecha Colección Fuerzas Armadas; Historia; Campesinado; Pacto militar campesino; Bolivia; Temas Libro Tipo de documento http://bibliotecavirtual.clacso.org.ar/Bolivia/ceres/20120830025841/soto.pdf URL Reconocimiento-No comercial-Sin obras derivadas 2.0 Genérica Licencia http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/2.0/deed.es Segui buscando en la Red de Bibliotecas Virtuales de CLACSO http://biblioteca.clacso.edu.ar Consejo Latinoamericano de Ciencias Sociales (CLACSO) Conselho Latino-americano de Ciências Sociais (CLACSO) Latin American Council of Social Sciences (CLACSO) www.clacso.edu.ar HISTORIA DEL PACTO MILITAR CAMPESINO Cesar Soto Ediciones CERES 1994 CERES agradece la cooperación de SAREC a su programa de publicaciones y a sus actividades de investigación en ciencias sociales. Depósito Legal N§ 1-1-96-91 Edición 500 ejemplares CERES Casilla 949 Fax (42) 32310 Cochabamba - Bolivia Composición, diagramación e Impresión Ed. Arol <197> ODEC Teléfono 40572 Casilla 3419 - Cochabamba Enero, 1994 Impreso en Bolivia 1 PRESENTACION Hace treinta años se formalizó e institucionalizó el Pacto Militar Campesino, prolongando y concentrando una alianza que dominó el espacio político boliviano desde los años de la Reforma Agraria. La alianza entre el campesinado parcelario y la burocracia estatal, concentrada desde 1964 en los estamentos militares. En 1983 se abrió en CERES un Programa de investigaciones sobre Movimientos Sociales, que contó con el apoyo del IDRC de Canadá y de la Fundación Interamericana de los Estados Unidos. A ese Programa se incorporó César Soto, y como parte de las actividades de formación del mismo desarrolló la investigación que hoy publicamos. -
Elecciones En América Latina
© 2020, Salvador Romero Ballivián Tribunal Supremo Electoral (TSE) Instituto Internacional para la Democracia y la Asistencia Electoral (IDEA Internacional) Diseño de portada: Rafael Loayza Diseño gráfico: Carmiña Salazar/Comunicación Conceptual TRIBUNAL SUPREMO ELECTORAL Av. Sánchez Lima N° 2482 – Sopocachi, La Paz, Bolivia Teléfono/Fax: 2-424221 2-422338 www.oep.org.bo INSTITUTO INTERNACIONAL PARA LA DEMOCRACIA Y LA ASISTENCIA ELECTORAL (IDEA INTERNACIONAL) IDEA Internacional Programa Bolivia Plaza Humboldt N° 54, Calacoto, La Paz, Bolivia Teléfono/Fax: 2-2775252 International IDEA Strömsborg, SE–103 34 Estocolmo, Suecia Teléfono: +46 8 698 37 00 Correo electrónico: [email protected] Sitio web: https://www.idea.int Primera edición, enero de 2021 Depósito Legal: 4-1-1745-20 ISBN: 978-91-7671-353-2 La versión electrónica de esta publicación está disponible bajo licencia de Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike. Para obtener más información sobre esta licencia, consulte el sitio web de Creative Commons: <http://creativecommons.org/licenses/ by-nc-sa/3.0/>. La presente publicación ha sido elaborada con el apoyo de la Cooperación para el Desarrollo de la Embajada de Suiza en Bolivia. Su contenido es responsabilidad exclusiva del autor y no necesariamente refleja los puntos de vista del Tribunal Supremo Electoral, IDEA Internacional o de la cooperación involucrada. Las publicaciones del Instituto Internacional para la Democracia y la Asistencia Electoral (IDEA Internacional) son independientes de intereses específicos nacionales o políticos. Las opiniones expresadas en esta publicación no representan necesariamente las opiniones de IDEA Internacional, de su Junta Directiva ni de los Miembros de su Consejo. La Paz, Bolivia Distribución gratuita Índice Prólogo de Kevin Casas-Zamora 7 Introducción 15 I. -
Carlos D. Mesa Gisbert La Aventura Del Cine Boliviano
CARLOS D. MESA GISBERT ________________________________________________________________ LA AVENTURA DEL CINE BOLIVIANO 1952 - 1985 EDITORIAL GISBERT Y CIA. S.A. LA PAZ 1985 A JOSE Y TERESA MIS PADRES A QUIENES DEBO LO QUE SOY INTRODUCCION Se ha dicho ya que la Bolivia de hoy no puede comprenderse sin conocer en detalle lo que era el país antes de Abril de 1952, tampoco sin considerar los profundos cambios que aparejó el movimiento revolucionario de ese año. Creo que esa afirmación puede aplicarse también al caso del cine. El cine boliviano de los años sesenta inaugurado por Jorge Sanjinés y el posterior, no son explicables sin asumir lo que significó 1952 en lo político, social, económico y en lo que, hoy podemos decirlo, fue la apertura de una nueva ruta cultural que ha ampliado y enriquecido las perspectivas hacia una mejor comprensión de este país. Uno de los rasgos que tipifica la dimensión de un proceso revolucionario es, además de los dislocamientos económicos, sociales y políticos, el surgimiento de un nuevo ritmo en la concepción y el desarrollo de la cultura, entendiendo como cultura en este caso el conjunto de expresiones de la creación artística, la investigación en ciencias sociales y la propia reinterpretación de la Cultura (con mayúsculas) de la Nación. Es frecuente la actitud, en la mayor parte de los casos corroborada por los hechos, de desilusión y frustración cuando se mira al 52 y sus frutos. Es ya moneda corriente la certeza amarga de que la Revolución Nacional no sólo se quedó en el camino, sino que además fue traicionada e incluso arrebatada al movimiento popular que forjó ese extraordinario proceso de cambio. -
Performance of Banks and Microfinance in Bolivia
POOLING VERSUS SEPARATING REGULATION: THE PERFORMANCE OF BANKS AND MICROFINANCE IN BOLIVIA UNDER SYSTEMIC SHOCKS DISSERTATION Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University By Marcelo Villafani‐Ibarnegaray ***** The Ohio State University 2008 Dissertation Committee: Approved by Professor Claudio Gonzalez‐Vega, Adviser Professor Mario Miranda Adviser Graduate Program in Professor Joseph Kaboski Agricultural, Environmental and Development Economics i ABSTRACT Bank superintendents implement prudential regulation that simultaneously seeks protection of the stability and solvency of financial intermediaries and several dimensions of financial deepening. If they use only one instrument, a given level of safety is achieved at the expense of some intermediation. The question addressed by this dissertation are the excessive losses of intermediation efficiency from a single, uniform (pooling) regulation, which treated loan portfolios built with a traditional banking technology or with a microfinance technology as if they carried the same risk profile. Given significant differences between the two lending technologies, in their ability to match their clienteles and to recognize different risks, a differentiated (separating) set of prudential norms would contribute more to the dual goals of stability as well as financial deepening and breadth of outreach. This task is specially challenging in developing countries exposed to frequent systemic shocks. The dissertation develops a simple theoretical framework to guide regulators about the welfare shortcomings of pooling regulation, compared to separating regulation. If the risk profiles of the portfolios are different, different prudential norms should be applied. The problem for the regulator, however, is incomplete information ii about these risk profiles and the high costs of overcoming the information imperfections about their characteristics. -
Dates and Events
Dates and events 1898-99 Liberal Party comes to power; rise of tin mining 1899 Federal War 1932-35 Chaco War; Bolivia defeated by Paraguay 1942 Massacre at Catavi mine kills more than 40 people 1943-46 Military- MNR reformist government 1946-52 Extreme right-wing rule c. 1000 AD Aymara empire of Tiawanaku at its 1952 Revolution: MNR brought to power by height mass uprising; foundation of the COB; c. 1200 Collapse of Tiawanaku empire universal suffrage; nationalisation of major mines 1200-1450 Aymara kingdoms 1953 Agrarian Reform 1450 Inca invasion 1956 IMF 'stabilisation' plan 1532 Spanish conquest of Andes begins 1964-78 Military rule 1538 Discovery of silver in Potosi 1967 New Constitution (still in use) 1781-83 Rebellion of Tupaj Katari and Tupaj Amaru threatens Spanish control of Alto 1970 Teoponte guerrilla force defeated. Peru Juan Jose Torres takes power. 1809 Revolt against the Spanish, La Paz 1971 Hugo Banzer leads military coup 1825 Independence, 6 August 1974 Banzer consolidates his power 1879-83 War of the Pacific. Chile takes coastal 1978-82 Political chaos; three general provinces and Bolivia loses outlet to the sea elections; various military coups 1884-98 Silver-mining oligarchy rules through 1980 'Narco-coup' by Garcia Meza and Arce the Conservative Party Gomez 86 BOLIVIA 1982-85 Siles Zuazo (Union Democrdtica y 1990 First March for Territory, Dignity, and life Popular) President by lowland indigenous people 1985 World-record hyperinflation (22,000 per 1992 Free-trade zone at Ilo (Pacific Coast) cent per annum) instituted -
LA AGENDA MARÍTIMA DE BOLIVIA Un Análisis Histórico Desde La Teoría Liberal
Universidad de San Andrés Departamento de Ciencias Sociales Licenciatura en Relaciones Internacionales Trabajo de Graduación LA AGENDA MARÍTIMA DE BOLIVIA Un análisis histórico desde la teoría liberal Autor: Déborah Paula Barcos Legajo: 18023 Mentor: Sergio Serulnikov Victoria, 2 de marzo de 2012 “La Agenda Marítima de Bolivia. Un análisis histórico desde la teoría liberal” Barcos, Déborah Paula Agradecimientos Les agradezco a mis padres y a mi hermano, por acompañarme siempre en todos los aspectos, y por haberme brindado su incondicional apoyo durante la realización de este trabajo. A mi abuela, por sus palabras de aliento, y a mi abuelo, por haber sido un ejemplo de vida. Él me brindó el impulso necesario para no desalentarme y continuar escribiendo. A mi mentor, Sergio Serulnikov, por haber estado presente y haberme ayudado y guiado durante todo el proceso de elaboración de mi investigación. A la Universidad de San Andrés, que me otorgó la oportunidad de crecer a nivel personal y académico. 1 “La Agenda Marítima de Bolivia. Un análisis histórico desde la teoría liberal” Barcos, Déborah Paula Índice Introducción 3 Figura 1. Territorios de Bolivia y Perú anexados por Chile luego de la Guerra del Pacífico (1879-1883), a través del Tratado de Paz de 1904 14 Capítulo I. Regímenes militares en América Latina: los vínculos diplomáticos entre los Generales Banzer y Pinochet 15 Capítulo II. Bolivia neoliberal: las administraciones de Sánchez de Lozada y Mesa 42 Capítulo III. Evo Morales y el MAS: la esperanza del cambio 68 Conclusiones 86 Bibliografía 91 2 “La Agenda Marítima de Bolivia. Un análisis histórico desde la teoría liberal” Barcos, Déborah Paula Introducción No cabe duda que a lo largo de la historia, América Latina ha sido testigo de numerosos conflictos bélicos librados a causa de conspiraciones, ansias de poder, diferencias políticas irreconciliables o ambición de territorios ajenos. -
Bolivia 1980-1981: the Political System in Crisis
UNIVERSITY OF LONDON INSTITUTE OF LATIN AMERICAN STUDIES WORKING PAPERS Bolivia 1980-1981: the Political System in Crisis James Dunkerley Bolivia 1980-1981: the Political System in Crisis by James Dunkerley University of London Institute of Latin American Studies 31 Tavistock Square, London WC1H 9HA Editorial Committee Dr. George Philip Dr. Leslie Bethell Miss Daphne Rodger ISBN 0 901145 49 1 ISSN 0142-1875 Bolivia 1980-1981: the Political System in Crisis There can be little doubt that the Bolivian political system is in deep crisis. Over the last four years the country has witnessed no less than three elections, ten presidents and eight coups (both failed and successful). What is noteworthy, indeed remarkable, about this chaos is that it has continued through two periods of highly distinct and polarised forms of government: the 'democratic experiment1 of 1978 to July 1980 and the military regimes born of the harsh coup of 17 July 1980. For some months after the coup commentators sought explanations of the failure to establish a stable civil regime in the extreme weakness of the country's parliamentary tradition, the inepti- tude of the civilian political elite and the historical tendency of the armed forces to take direct control in periods when they possess the institutional capacity so to do. The radicalism of the coup, the clear intention of its leaders to emulate the examples of Chile (1973), Uruguay (1973) and Argentina (1976), and the manifest failure of the large political formations to win an unambiguous popular mandate for their parliamentary project were all construed as constituting a de- cisive end of an era. -
Mass Protest and State Repression in Bolivian Political Culture: Putting the Gas War and the 2019 Crisis in Perspective
Mass Protest and State Repression in Bolivian Political Culture: Putting the Gas War and the 2019 Crisis in Perspective Carwil Bjork-James Research Working Paper Series May 2020 HRP 20-003 The views expressed in the HRP Research Working Paper Series are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect those of the Harvard Law School or of Harvard University. Research Working Papers have not undergone formal review and approval. Such papers are included in this series to elicit feedback and to encourage debate on important public policy challenges. Copyright belongs to the author(s). Papers may be downloaded for personal use only. www.hrp.law.harvard.edu Mass Protest and State Repression in Bolivian Political Culture: Putting the Gas War and the 2019 Crisis in Perspective — Carwil Bjork-James Assistant Professor of Anthropology, Vanderbilt University Confrontations between large-scale protest movements and the governments they challenge are critical events in contemporary politics. Such events—like Bolivia’s 2003 Gas War protests—can be both pinnacle moments in the life of social movements and the crime scenes for severe human rights violations. Over six weeks in September and October 2003, the country experienced both an unprecedented scale of political participation and the deadliest period out of four decades of democratic rule. One in seven Bolivians joined protests demanding the end of neoliberal economic policies, the nationalization of gas resources, a new constitution, and political inclusion of the country’s indigenous majority. However, President Gonzalo Sánchez de Lozada moved to criminalize longstanding forms of protest, and orchestrated a military response that killed at least 59 civilians.