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Former Dictator and President Banzer Dies LADB Staff
University of New Mexico UNM Digital Repository NotiSur Latin America Digital Beat (LADB) 5-10-2002 Former Dictator and President Banzer Dies LADB Staff Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalrepository.unm.edu/notisur Recommended Citation LADB Staff. "Former Dictator and President Banzer Dies." (2002). https://digitalrepository.unm.edu/notisur/13023 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Latin America Digital Beat (LADB) at UNM Digital Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in NotiSur by an authorized administrator of UNM Digital Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. LADB Article Id: 53105 ISSN: 1089-1560 Former Dictator and President Banzer Dies by LADB Staff Category/Department: Bolivia Published: 2002-05-10 Bolivia's former President Hugo Banzer, who resigned in August 2001 after being diagnosed with lung cancer, died May 5. He was 75 years old. To his supporters, his greatest achievement was his political journey from Latin American dictator in the 1970s to elected civilian leader in the late 1990s. To his critics, the repression carried out during his years as a dictator, for which he was never held accountable, made him a symbol of impunity. When Banzer resigned, then Vice President Jorge Quiroga assumed the presidency for the rest of Banzer's term, which ends in August 2002 (see NotiSur, 2001-08-03). Under Bolivian law, Quiroga cannot run for president in the June 30 elections. Banzer, a cigarette smoker, was diagnosed in July 2001 by doctors at Walter Reed Army Medical Center in Washington, DC, with lung cancer that had spread to his liver. -
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“Beggar on a Throne of Gold: A Short History of Bolivia” by Robert W. Jones, Jr. 6 Veritas is a land of sharp physical and social contrasts. Although blessed with Benormousolivia mineral wealth Bolivia was (and is) one of the poorest nations of Latin America and has been described as a “Beggar on a Throne of Gold.” 1 This article presents a short description of Bolivia as it appeared in 1967 when Che Guevara prepared to export revolution to the center of South America. In Guevara’s estimation, Bolivia was ripe for revolution with its history of instability and a disenfranchised Indian population. This article covers the geography, history, and politics of Bolivia. Geography and Demographics Bolivia’s terrain and people are extremely diverse. Since geography is a primary factor in the distribution of the population, these two aspects of Bolivia will be discussed together. In the 1960s Bolivian society was predominantly rural and Indian unlike the rest of South America. The Indians, primarily Quechua or Aymara, made up between fifty to seventy percent of the population. The three major Indian dialects are Quechua, Aymara, and Guaraní. The remainder of the population were whites and mixed races (called “mestizos”). It is difficult to get an accurate census because The varied geographic regions of Bolivia make it one of the Indians have always been transitory and there are the most climatically diverse countries in South America. cultural sensitivities. Race determines social status in Map by D. Telles. Bolivian society. A mestizo may claim to be white to gain vegetation grows sparser towards the south, where social status, just as an economically successful Indian the terrain is rocky with dry red clay. -
Sin, Confession, and the Arts of Book- and Cord-Keeping: an Intercontinental and Transcultural Exploration of Accounting and Governmentality
Sin, Confession, and the Arts of Book- and Cord-Keeping: An Intercontinental and Transcultural Exploration of Accounting and Governmentality The Harvard community has made this article openly available. Please share how this access benefits you. Your story matters Citation Urton, Gary. 2009. Sin, confession, and the arts of book- and cord- keeping: An intercontinental and transcultural exploration of accounting and governmentality. Comparative Studies in Society and History 51(4): 801–831. Published Version doi:10.1017/S0010417509990144 Citable link http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:3716616 Terms of Use This article was downloaded from Harvard University’s DASH repository, and is made available under the terms and conditions applicable to Other Posted Material, as set forth at http:// nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:dash.current.terms-of- use#LAA Comparative Studies in Society and History 2009;51(4):801–831. 0010-4175/09 $15.00 # Society for the Comparative Study of Society and History, 2009 doi:10.1017/S0010417509990144 Sin, Confession, and the Arts of Book- and Cord-Keeping: An Intercontinental and Transcultural Exploration of Accounting and Governmentality GARY URTON Harvard University INTRODUCTION My objective is to examine an intriguing and heretofore unrecognized conver- gence in the history of bookkeeping. The story revolves around an extraordi- nary parallelism in the evolution of bookkeeping and the philosophical and ethical principles underlying the practice of accounting between southern Europe and Andean South America during the two centuries or so prior to the Spanish invasion of the Inka Empire in 1532. The event of the European invasion of the Andes brought these two similar yet distinct trans-Atlantic tra- ditions of “bookkeeping” and accounting into violent confrontation. -
Bolivian Katarism: the Emergence of an Indian Challenge to the Social Order
BOLIVIAN KATARISM: THE EMERGENCE OF AN INDIAN CHALLENGE TO THE SOCIAL ORDER By Cécile Casen “Como indios nos explotaron, como indios nos liberaremos.”1 The name of Túpac Katari is mentioned in all of Evo Morales’ major speeches. Often presented as Bolivia’s “first indigenous president”, Morales likes to think he embodies the prophesy of this Aymara chief, who was drawn and quartered at the end of the 18th- century: “I will return and there will be millions of us.” Túpac Katari is known for having laid siege to La Paz during the Great Rebellion of 1780.2 His name is also associated with more recent political history, in particular the eponymous movement that, in the 1970s, made him a symbol of Indian resistance to Creole elite oppression and the 1 “Exploited as Indians, it is as Indians that we will free ourselves.” All Spanish-language citations in the present article are our translation. 2 The siege lasted from March to October 1781. The Great Rebellion concerned the entire region of Upper Peru between 1780 and 1783. In this revolt against excessive taxes and the abuses of the corregidores – representatives of Spanish royal power – Túpac Amaru and Túpac Katari were leaders of the regions of Cuzco and La Paz, respectively. Scarlett O’Phelan Godoy, Un siglo de rebeliones anticoloniales: Perú y Bolivia 1700-1783, Cuzco, Centro de Estudios Regionales Andinos Bartolomé de Las Casas, 1988; Jean Piel, “¿Cómo interpretar la rebelión pan-andina de 1780-1783?”, in Jean Meyer (ed.), Tres levantamientos populares: Pugachov, Túpac Amaru, Hidalgo, Mexico, Centro de Estudios mexicanos y centroamericanos (CEMCA/CNCAM), 1992, pp. -
Historia Del Pacto Militar Campesino Titulo Soto
Historia del pacto militar campesino Titulo Soto, Cesar - Autor/a; Autor(es) Cochabamba Lugar CERES, Centro de Estudios de la Realidad Económica y Social Editorial/Editor 1994 Fecha Colección Fuerzas Armadas; Historia; Campesinado; Pacto militar campesino; Bolivia; Temas Libro Tipo de documento http://bibliotecavirtual.clacso.org.ar/Bolivia/ceres/20120830025841/soto.pdf URL Reconocimiento-No comercial-Sin obras derivadas 2.0 Genérica Licencia http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/2.0/deed.es Segui buscando en la Red de Bibliotecas Virtuales de CLACSO http://biblioteca.clacso.edu.ar Consejo Latinoamericano de Ciencias Sociales (CLACSO) Conselho Latino-americano de Ciências Sociais (CLACSO) Latin American Council of Social Sciences (CLACSO) www.clacso.edu.ar HISTORIA DEL PACTO MILITAR CAMPESINO Cesar Soto Ediciones CERES 1994 CERES agradece la cooperación de SAREC a su programa de publicaciones y a sus actividades de investigación en ciencias sociales. Depósito Legal N§ 1-1-96-91 Edición 500 ejemplares CERES Casilla 949 Fax (42) 32310 Cochabamba - Bolivia Composición, diagramación e Impresión Ed. Arol <197> ODEC Teléfono 40572 Casilla 3419 - Cochabamba Enero, 1994 Impreso en Bolivia 1 PRESENTACION Hace treinta años se formalizó e institucionalizó el Pacto Militar Campesino, prolongando y concentrando una alianza que dominó el espacio político boliviano desde los años de la Reforma Agraria. La alianza entre el campesinado parcelario y la burocracia estatal, concentrada desde 1964 en los estamentos militares. En 1983 se abrió en CERES un Programa de investigaciones sobre Movimientos Sociales, que contó con el apoyo del IDRC de Canadá y de la Fundación Interamericana de los Estados Unidos. A ese Programa se incorporó César Soto, y como parte de las actividades de formación del mismo desarrolló la investigación que hoy publicamos. -
Session Abstracts
THE INCAS AND THEIR ORIGINS SESSION ABSTRACTS Most sessions focus on a particular region and time period. The session abstracts below serve to set out the issues to be debated in each session. In particular, the abstract aims to outline to each discipline what perspectives and insights the other disciplines can bring to bear on that same topic. A session abstract tends to consist more of questions than answers, then. These are the questions that it would be useful for all participants to be thinking about in advance, so as to be ready to join in the debate on any session. And if you are the speaker giving a synopsis for that session, you may wish to start from the abstract as a guide to how to develop these questions, so as best to provoke the cross-disciplinary debate. DAY 1: TAWANTINSUYU: ITS NATURE AND IMPACTS A1. GENERAL PERSPECTIVES FROM THE VARIOUS DISCIPLINES This opening session serves to introduce the various sources of data on the past which together can contribute to a holistic understanding of the Incas and their origins. It serves as the opportunity for each of the various academic disciplines involved to introduce itself briefly to all the others, and for their benefit. The synopses for this session should give just a general outline of the main types of evidence that each discipline uses to come to its conclusions about the Inca past. What is it, within each of their different records of the past, that allows the archaeologist, linguist, ethnohistorian or geneticist to draw inferences as to the nature and strength of Inca control and impacts in different regions? In particular, how can they ‘reconstruct’ resettlements and other population movements within Tawantinsuyu? Also crucial — especially because specialists in other disciplines are not in a position to judge this for themselves — is to clarify how reliable are the main findings and claims that each discipline makes about the Incas. -
Performance of Banks and Microfinance in Bolivia
POOLING VERSUS SEPARATING REGULATION: THE PERFORMANCE OF BANKS AND MICROFINANCE IN BOLIVIA UNDER SYSTEMIC SHOCKS DISSERTATION Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University By Marcelo Villafani‐Ibarnegaray ***** The Ohio State University 2008 Dissertation Committee: Approved by Professor Claudio Gonzalez‐Vega, Adviser Professor Mario Miranda Adviser Graduate Program in Professor Joseph Kaboski Agricultural, Environmental and Development Economics i ABSTRACT Bank superintendents implement prudential regulation that simultaneously seeks protection of the stability and solvency of financial intermediaries and several dimensions of financial deepening. If they use only one instrument, a given level of safety is achieved at the expense of some intermediation. The question addressed by this dissertation are the excessive losses of intermediation efficiency from a single, uniform (pooling) regulation, which treated loan portfolios built with a traditional banking technology or with a microfinance technology as if they carried the same risk profile. Given significant differences between the two lending technologies, in their ability to match their clienteles and to recognize different risks, a differentiated (separating) set of prudential norms would contribute more to the dual goals of stability as well as financial deepening and breadth of outreach. This task is specially challenging in developing countries exposed to frequent systemic shocks. The dissertation develops a simple theoretical framework to guide regulators about the welfare shortcomings of pooling regulation, compared to separating regulation. If the risk profiles of the portfolios are different, different prudential norms should be applied. The problem for the regulator, however, is incomplete information ii about these risk profiles and the high costs of overcoming the information imperfections about their characteristics. -
Culture and Breastfeeding Duration in Peru and Bolivia
Culture and Breastfeeding duration in Peru and Bolivia Juliano Assun¸c~ao∗ Soraya Rom´any June 24, 2019 Abstract In this paper, we study the effect of ethnic beliefs/preferences on breastfeeding practices in Peru and Bolivia. Comparing the breastfeeding practices of rural-to-urban migrants living in the same location by their ethnicity, we find Aymara mothers breastfeed longer than Quechua and Non-indigenous mothers. This is consistent with anthropological studies on Andean culture (Quechua and Aymara ethnic groups). The breastfeed- ing difference remains significant for urban children with an Aymara grandmother or Aymara great grandparents, and it increases with the presence of an additional child- bearing-age woman in the household. Furthermore, using geographic information and 1830's population statistics, we find that places with higher Indigenous-Spanish colony interaction are correlated with larger current breastfeeding differences. Keywords: breastfeeding behaviour, cultural traits, rural-to-urban migrants JEL Codes: I12, Z13 ∗PUC-Rio yUPB 1 Introduction Growing empirical evidence shows that culture plays a role in the determination of human behaviour. The evidence is based on the study of populations of immigrants and their descendants, who behave differently in a common economic and institutional context because of their inherited values and social beliefs (See Fern´andez(2010); Alesina and Giuliano(2015) for literature review). As recent examples we can mention the paper of Atkin(2016) on tastes and nutrition in India, and the paper of Christopoulou and Lillard(2015) on smoking behaviour in immigrants. The former attempts to quantify the effect of tastes on the family caloric intake. The latter addresses the importance of cultural dynamics on smoking, which is part of a group of economic behaviours that may be influenced by global cultural tendencies. -
Ethnomathematics of the Inkas
Encyclopaedia of the History of Science, Technology, and Medicine in Non-Western Cultures Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg New York 2008 10.1007/978-1-4020-4425-0_8647 Helaine Selin Ethnomathematics of the Inkas Thomas E. Gilsdorf Without Abstract Under the shade of a tree some women are sitting. They are watching over several children, but at the same time their bodies are subtly swaying and their hands are busy moving threads. These women are weaving. As they talk among themselves, calculations are occurring: 40 × 2, 20 × 2, 10 × 2, etc. On their weaving tools symmetric patterns of geometric and animal figures are slowing emerging, produced from years of experience in counting and understanding symmetric properties. The procedures they follow have been instructed to them verbally as has been done for thousands of years, and they follow it precisely, almost subconsciously. In fact, these women are doing mathematics. They are calculating pairs of threads in blocks of tens (10, 20, and so on) and determining which colors of threads must go in which places so that half of emerging figures will be exactly copied across an axis of symmetry. These women, and likely some girls who are learning from them, are not writing down equations or scratching out the calculations on a notepad. Remarkably, the weaving is done from memory. Weaving has existed in most cultures around the world, so the events and hence the mathematics in the previous paragraph could occur almost anywhere. In our case, we are going to consider the mathematics of the South American cultural group of the Quechua‐speaking Inkas (Incas). -
The Aymara Year Count: Calendrical Translations in Tiwanaku, Bolivia
THE AYMARA YEAR COUNT: CALENDRICAL TRANSLATIONS IN TIWANAKU, BOLIVIA Clare A. Sammells Bucknell University This article considers the Aymara year count that appeared in Bolivian newspapers in 1988 in connection with June solstice celebrations at the pre- Columbian archaeological site of Tiwanaku. The Aymara year communicates politico-temporal meanings; its numbers are evocative, which is why it has gained traction as an accepted part of solstice celebrations in the media and with the Bolivian public. The Aymara year count is a numeric expression of three implicit interrelated political statements. First, it shows that the Aymara have a history that reaches far deeper than their involvement with European conquerors. Second, it links Aymara history to broader pan-indigenous histories. Finally, it demonstrates to non-indigenous audiences that Aymara history, astronomy, and mathematics are rational and sophisticated. This final claim is achieved by using timekeeping to translate very real Tiwanakota accomplishments into an idiom understandable to national and international audiences. The Aymara year count is not used as a method of quantitative timekeeping. Instead, it forms part of the politics that invoke the past. (Bolivia, Tiwanaku, Aymara, indigenous politics, calendars, time, numbers) Numbers give the appearance of universality, although this is a cultural construction. Numbers are the stuff of math, but they also convey meanings with important political and social ramifications. Numbers and statistics offer the illusion of transcending social divides by appearing to cross linguistic boundaries. “57” may be pronounced differently in English, Spanish, and French, but is written the same and refers to the same quantity. Numbers are assumed to be the universal language in which one can conduct transnational commerce and even extraterrestrial diplomacy. -
Bolivia 1980-1981: the Political System in Crisis
UNIVERSITY OF LONDON INSTITUTE OF LATIN AMERICAN STUDIES WORKING PAPERS Bolivia 1980-1981: the Political System in Crisis James Dunkerley Bolivia 1980-1981: the Political System in Crisis by James Dunkerley University of London Institute of Latin American Studies 31 Tavistock Square, London WC1H 9HA Editorial Committee Dr. George Philip Dr. Leslie Bethell Miss Daphne Rodger ISBN 0 901145 49 1 ISSN 0142-1875 Bolivia 1980-1981: the Political System in Crisis There can be little doubt that the Bolivian political system is in deep crisis. Over the last four years the country has witnessed no less than three elections, ten presidents and eight coups (both failed and successful). What is noteworthy, indeed remarkable, about this chaos is that it has continued through two periods of highly distinct and polarised forms of government: the 'democratic experiment1 of 1978 to July 1980 and the military regimes born of the harsh coup of 17 July 1980. For some months after the coup commentators sought explanations of the failure to establish a stable civil regime in the extreme weakness of the country's parliamentary tradition, the inepti- tude of the civilian political elite and the historical tendency of the armed forces to take direct control in periods when they possess the institutional capacity so to do. The radicalism of the coup, the clear intention of its leaders to emulate the examples of Chile (1973), Uruguay (1973) and Argentina (1976), and the manifest failure of the large political formations to win an unambiguous popular mandate for their parliamentary project were all construed as constituting a de- cisive end of an era. -
Former Dictator Hugo Banzer Assumes Presidency in Bolivia LADB Staff
University of New Mexico UNM Digital Repository NotiSur Latin America Digital Beat (LADB) 8-8-1997 Former Dictator Hugo Banzer Assumes Presidency in Bolivia LADB Staff Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalrepository.unm.edu/notisur Recommended Citation LADB Staff. "Former Dictator Hugo Banzer Assumes Presidency in Bolivia." (1997). https://digitalrepository.unm.edu/notisur/ 12391 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Latin America Digital Beat (LADB) at UNM Digital Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in NotiSur by an authorized administrator of UNM Digital Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. LADB Article Id: 55114 ISSN: 1060-4189 Former Dictator Hugo Banzer Assumes Presidency in Bolivia by LADB Staff Category/Department: Bolivia Published: 1997-08-08 On Aug. 6, Hugo Banzer Suarez was inaugurated as Bolivia's new president, completing his transition from military dictator to democratically elected head of state. Among the challenges the 71-year-old president will face are lifting Bolivia from its place as one of the continent's poorest countries and meeting US demands in eradicating coca production. Meanwhile, former president Gonzalo Sanchez de Lozada leaves office "satisfied with his accomplishments, but concerned about the future." Banzer headed the military junta that ruled Bolivia from 1971-1978, when he was overthrown in another coup. During his regime, human rights violations were widespread, and Bolivia became a major player in satisfying the growing international appetite for cocaine. Banzer said he was not a dictator but led an authoritarian regime. "If I were a dictator, I would not be where I am now.