Xenophon: Ethical Principles and Historical Enquiry
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Socrates and Democratic Athens: the Story of the Trial in Its Historical and Legal Contexts
Princeton/Stanford Working Papers in Classics Socrates and democratic Athens: The story of the trial in its historical and legal contexts. Version 1.0 July 2006 Josiah Ober Princeton University Abstract: Socrates was both a loyal citizen (by his own lights) and a critic of the democratic community’s way of doing things. This led to a crisis in 339 B.C. In order to understand Socrates’ and the Athenian community’s actions (as reported by Plato and Xenophon) it is necessary to understand the historical and legal contexts, the democratic state’s commitment to the notion that citizens are resonsible for the effects of their actions, and Socrates’ reasons for preferring to live in Athens rather than in states that might (by his lights) have had substantively better legal systems. Written for the Cambridge Companion to Socrates. © Josiah Ober. [email protected] Socrates and democratic Athens: The story of the trial in its historical and legal contexts. (for Cambridge Companion to Socrates) Josiah Ober, Princeton University Draft of August 2004 In 399 B.C. the Athenian citizen Socrates, son of Sophroniscus of the deme (township) Alopece, was tried by an Athenian court on the charge of impiety (asebeia). He was found guilty by a narrow majority of the empanelled judges and executed in the public prison a few days later. The trial and execution constitute the best documented events in Socrates’ life and a defining moment in the relationship between Greek philosophy and Athenian democracy. Ever since, philosophers and historians have sought to -
ON the SUBLIME Alain Billault Longinus' on the Sublime Entered
ON THE SUBLIME Alain Billault Longinus' On the Sublime entered the history of French literature in 1674, when Boileau's translation of the Greek text was published in Paris. The title of the book read Traité du Sublime ou Du mervàlleux dans le discours, traduit du grec de Longin. Its publication enabled the well-read audience to rediscover an ancient treatise which had been neglected for a very long time. It was also a turning-point in Boileau's literary career and a path-breaking event of some consequence in the history of aesthetics. This is why the context, the making, the contents, the purpose and the influence of this translation are worth studying. The Context of the Publication of Boileau's Translation The rediscovery of Longinus' On the Sublime in Europe at the time of the Renaissance was difficult and slow.1 In 1554, Francesco Robortello published in Basel the editio princeps of the Greek text. Paul Manuce, the famous Venetian publisher, followed in his foot steps the year after. But in 1605, the great scholar Isaac Casaubon commenting on Persius' Satires remarked that Longinus was seldom read: "Longe plura Longinus in aureolo nee satis unquam lecto libello."2 Then came Franciscus Portus whose edition was published in Geneva in 1669 and became the source of all the subsequent edi tions through the eighteenth century. But the treatise was not paid much attention, even after 1663, when Tanneguy Le Fèvre's edition was published in Saumur.3 In 1694, Jacobus Tollius released his own edition in Utrecht. He had actually finished his work in 1677, but he had beeen unable to find a publisher for seventeen years. -
The Regime of Demetrius of Phalerum in Athens, 317–307
Th e Regime of Demetrius of Phalerum in Athens, 317–307 BCE Mnemosyne Supplements History and Archaeology of Classical Antiquity Edited by Susan E. Alcock, Brown University Th omas Harrison, Liverpool Willem M. Jongman, Groningen H.S. Versnel, Leiden VOLUME 318 Th e Regime of Demetrius of Phalerum in Athens, 317–307 BCE A Philosopher in Politics By Lara O’Sullivan LEIDEN • BOSTON 2009 On the cover: Detail of the Parthenon. Photo: Author. Th is book is printed on acid-free paper. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data O’Sullivan, Lara. Th e rule of Demetrius of Phalerum in Athens, 317-307 B.C. : a philosopher in politics / by Lara O’Sullivan. p. cm. — (Mnemosyne supplements. History and archaeology of classical antiquity, ISSN 0169-8958 ; v. 318) Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-90-04-17888-5 (hbk. : alk. paper) 1. Demetrius, of Phaleron, b. ca. 350 B.C. 2. Demetrius, of Phaleron, b. ca. 350 B.C.—Political and social views. 3. Governors—Greece—Athens—Biography. 4. Statesmen—Greece—Athens— Biography. 5. Orators—Greece—Athens—Biography. 6. Philosophers, Ancient— Biography. 7. Athens (Greece)—Politics and government. 8. Philosophy, Ancient. 9. Athens (Greece)—Relations—Macedonia. 10. Macedonia—Relations—Greece— Athens. I. Title. II. Series. DF235.48.D455O87 2009 938’.508092—dc22 [B] 2009033560 ISSN 0169-8958 ISBN 978 90 04 17888 5 Copyright 2009 by Koninklijke Brill NV, Leiden, Th e Netherlands. Koninklijke Brill NV incorporates the imprints Brill, Hotei Publishing, IDC Publishers, Martinus Nijhoff Publishers and VSP. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, translated, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without prior written permission from the publisher. -
P. Tavonatti, Le Congetture Di Franciscus Portus Alle Eumenidi
LE CONGETTURE DI FRANCISCUS PORTUS ALLE ‘EUMENIDI’ Il XVI secolo è l’epoca della riscoperta di Eschilo: l’editio princeps, curata da Francesco Asolano e uscita dalle officine di Aldo Manuzio nel 1518, è seguita dalle edizioni di Francesco Robortello e Adrian Tournebus (entrambe del 1552), di Vetto- ri-Estienne (1557) e di Willem Canter (1580). Tra gli umanisti del ’500 che hanno tentato di emendare il testo eschileo e di renderlo intelligibile figura anche Franci- scus Portus (1511-1581). Costui, di origini italiane, nacque a Rethymnon e, in gio- ventù, fu allievo di Arsenio di Monembasia. Tra il 1527 e il 1561 vagò per le corti dell’Italia settentrionale (Venezia, Modena, Ferrara), dove tenne corsi di greco ed entrò in contatto con i maggiori intellettuali del suo tempo (Giovanni Grillenzone, Ludovico Castelvetro, Martin Crusius, Théodore de Bèze). Negli ultimi vent’anni di vita fu titolare della cattedra di letteratura greca presso l’Università di Ginevra. I suoi vasti interessi riguardavano la tragedia, Esiodo, Omero, Pindaro, i bucolici minori (Bione, Mosco), Tucidide e Senofonte, la Retorica e Poetica di Aristotele, i trattati di Aftonio, Ermogene e Longino, Dionigi di Alicarnasso, nonché studi sul lessico (connessi con il Lexicon graecolatinum di Robert Costantin). L’esegesi al testo eschileo ci è trasmessa dai marginalia all’edizione di Vettori-Estienne (codice 756 D 22 dell’Universiteitsbibliotheek di Leiden) e dal ms. B.P.L. 180. Quest’ulti- mo, un inedito conservato presso l’Universiteitsbibliotheek di Leiden, contiene il commento, fondato sull’edizione di Vettori-Estienne, alle sette tragedie superstiti di Eschilo. Dopo i lavori di Monique Mund-Dopchie1, che lo ha segnalato e rivalutato, esso è stato studiato da Martin L. -
Illinois Classical Studies
ILLINOIS LIBRARY AT URBANA-CHAWIPAIGN Ci ASSICS CL-x ,\'^ t -iK ILLINOIS CLASSICAL STUDIES VOLUME XXI 1996 ISSN 0363-1923 ILLINOIS CLASSICAL STUDIES VOLUME XXI 1996 SCHOLARS PRESS ISSN 0363-1923 ©1996 The Board of Trustees University of Illinois Copies of the journal may be ordered from: Scholars Press Membership Services P. O. Box 15399 Atlanta, GA 30333-0399 Printed in the U.S.A. EDITOR David Sansone ADVISORY EDITORIAL COMMITTEE Gerald M. Browne J. K. Newman James A. Dengate S. Douglas Olson Howard Jacobson Maryline G. Parca CAMERA-READY COPY PRODUCED UNDER THE DIRECTION OF MARY ELLEN FRYER Illinois Classical Studies is published annually by Scholars Press. Camera- ready copy is edited and produced in the Department of the Classics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. Each contributor receives fifty offprints free of charge. Contributions should be addressed to: The Editor, Illinois Classical Studies Department of the Classics 4072 Foreign Languages Building 707 South Mathews Avenue Urbana, Illinois 61801 Contents "Predicates Can Be Topics" 1 GERALD M. BROWNE, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Manuscript Indications of Change of Speaker in Aristophanes' Peace 5 S. DOUGLAS OLSON, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Plato and Euripides 35 DAVID SANSONE, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Perfume from Peron's: The Politics of Pedicure in Anaxandrides Fragment 41 Kassel-Austin 69 ANDREW SCHOLTZ, Yale University The Amores of Propertius: Unity and Structure in Books 2-A 87 JAMES L. BUTRICA, Memorial University of Newfoundland Ad Ps.-Philonis Librum Antiquitatum Biblicarum 159 GERALD M. BROWNE, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign ThQ Monxtnc Versio Latina 161 ROBIN SOWERBY, Stirling University 'Predicates Can Be Topics" GERALD M. -
Commentatio Et Variae Lectiones
COMMENTATIO, Προλεγόμενα ET VARIAE LECTIONES : DIFFERENTS ASPECTS DU COMMENTAIRE HUMANISTE1 La philologie consiste en l’étude historique des textes. Plus particulièrement, en l’étude for- melle de ceux-ci dans les différents manuscrits qui nous ont été transmis, dans le but d’en réa- liser l’édition critique. Ce fut là le travail essentiel des humanistes de la Renaissance. Les com- mentaires ne furent néanmoins pas délaissés. Quelle était la conception du commentaire à cette époque ? Les trois exemples développés ci- après montrent que les humanistes n’avaient pas une idée unique du commentaire. En effet, Joachim Camerarius s’attelle à une explication mot à mot, ou phrase par phrase. François Portus rédige des observations plus générales. Piero Vettori, enfin, n’a pas l’objectif de commenter un auteur, mais plutôt d’expliquer les corrections qu’il apporte au texte. Nous ne voulons pas présenter ici une vision exhaustive du commentaire humaniste. Il s’agit plutôt de montrer trois types de travaux, avec Sophocle comme prétexte, qui sont, selon moi, représentatifs de la manière de faire à la Renaissance. LA COMMENTATIO DE JOACHIM CAMERARIUS Dès 1534, Joachim Camerarius publia une édition grecque de Sophocle.2 Le texte, contenu dans le premier volume, est celui de l’édition princeps d’Alde Manuce (Venise, 1502) ; le second volume atteste des commentaires, qui ont été en partie analysés récemment par Michael Lurje.3 En 1556, le même Camerarius publia d’autres commentaires, en partie repris à ceux de 1534 : ce sont ceux-ci que j’analyserai dans les pages qui suivent. Le titre complet est le suivant :4 Commentatio explicationum omnium tragoediarum Sophoclis. -
Dissertation
DISSERTATION Titel der Dissertation „Studies in the Prosopography of the Four Hundred Oligarchy in Athens 411 B.C.” Verfasser Nikolaos Karkavelias angestrebter akademischer Grad Doktor der Philosophie (Dr. phil.) Wien, 2014 Studienkennzahl lt. Studienblatt: A 792 310 Dissertationsgebiet lt. Studienblatt: Alte Geschichte und Altertumskunde Betreuer: ao. Univ.-Prof. Doz. Mag. Dr. Herbert Heftner Contents Acknowledgements 3 Abstract 4 Introduction 5 Alexicles 25 Andron 42 Archeptolemus 57 Aristarchus 79 Aristocrates Skelliou 89 Cleitophon 124 Dieitrephes 147 Laispodias Andronymios 162 Melesias 178 Onomacles 181 Phrynichus Stratonidou Deiradiotes 188 Theramenes Hagnonos Steirieus 250 Thymochares 272 Appendix 1: Was Hippodamus of Miletos Archeptolemus father? 279 Appendix 2: The prytany and archon year of 412/11 295 Appendix 3: The chronology of Peisander’s mission to Athens re-visited: Thucydides 8.53-54 297 Appendix 4: εύθύς in Thucydides 316 Appendix 5: Beyond the Four Hundred 317 Afterthought: The social origin of the known members of the Four Hundred and their motives for joining the movement 319 Bibliography 324 Vita 354 2 Acknowledgements I am extremely grateful to Dr. Christos Zapheiropoulos for his warm support and encouragement back in 1997 to undertake the long project that this thesis has proven to be. During my studies at the University of Vienna I was fortunate enough to attend classes of professors Fritz Mitthof, Thomas Corsten, Bernhard Palme and Walter Pohl; they became my mentors and guides to the marvellous world of antiquity and I very much thank them for this unforgettable experience. I am deeply indebted to my supervisor Herbert Heftner for the enthusiastic welcoming and all the unconditional support and help which he so lavishly has offered to me all these years. -
December 3, 1992 CHAPTER VIII
December 3, 1992 CHAPTER VIII: EARLY HELLENISTIC DYNAMISM, 323-146 Aye me, the pain and the grief of it! I have been sick of Love's quartan now a month and more. He's not so fair, I own, but all the ground his pretty foot covers is grace, and the smile of his face is very sweetness. 'Tis true the ague takes me now but day on day off, but soon there'll be no respite, no not for a wink of sleep. When we met yesterday he gave me a sidelong glance, afeared to look me in the face, and blushed crimson; at that, Love gripped my reins still the more, till I gat me wounded and heartsore home, there to arraign my soul at bar and hold with myself this parlance: "What wast after, doing so? whither away this fond folly? know'st thou not there's three gray hairs on thy brow? Be wise in time . (Theocritus, Idylls, XXX). Writers about pederasty, like writers about other aspects of ancient Greek culture, have tended to downplay the Hellenistic period as inferior. John Addington Symonds, adhering to the view of the great English historian of ancient Greece, George Grote, that the Hellenistic Age was decadent, ended his Problem in Greek Ethics with the loss of Greek freedom at Chaeronea: Philip of Macedon, when he pronounced the panegyric of the Sacred Band at Chaeronea, uttered the funeral oration of Greek love in its nobler forms. With the decay of military spirit and the loss of freedom, there was no sphere left for that type of comradeship which I attempted to describe in Section IV. -
Accademia Pontaniana 266–7, 363 Acciaiuoli, Donato 357
Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-31719-1 - The Cambridge History of Literary Criticism: Volume 3: The Renaissance Edited by Glyn P. Norton Index More information Index Abraham (anon. Cretan drama) 230 Accademia Pontaniana 266–7, 363 absolutism 362, 422, 476, 545, Acciaiuoli, Donato 357 552–3, 579 accommodationism, Calvinist 468 Académie des Loyales 370 Acolastus (morality play) 232 Académie Française: ancients and acoustics (musical components) 517 moderns debate 421–2, 423; and Acro, Helenius; annotations to Ciceronianism 185; dictionary 500, Horace’s Ars poetica 66 501; and drama 421, 422, 502, Acta eruditorum (journal) 597 (Corneille’s Le Cid) 522, 559–60, actio (actuality) 162, 225 561, 562, 563; foundation and aims action: Aristotelian concept 102, 105, 500, 501, 522; on nature 174; 445, 517, 604; Descartes on 520; Sentiments 559 dramatic 249, 252, 253, 263, 523, Académie Royale des Sciences (France) (comic) 234, 252, 319, 327, 550, 457 (tragic) 209, 233, 242–3, 244, 245, academies, literary: in England 344; in 250, 256, 327, 605, (tragic, and France 158, 457, 558, (palace) character) 241, 242, 604; epic 208, 310–11, 312, (see also Académie 209, 327, 331; narrative 564; and Française); in Germany 365–6, 370, probability 523, 524; prose fiction (see also language societies); in Italy 310, 326, 333; spoudaios and 12, 249, 266–7, 429, 603, (Ferrara) phaulos 251, 253; see also under 576, (Florence) 352, 365, 570, unities, Aristotelian (Naples) 266–7, 362–3, (Rome) actors and acting 249, 251, 262, 361, 362, 365, 400; in Low 436 Countries -
Popular Attitudes to Judicial Activity in the Age of Aristophanes
Popular Attitudes to Judicial Activity in the Age of Aristophanes Angus Julian Dewar Crichton PhD Thesis University College London ProQuest Number: 10017252 All rights reserved INFORMATION TO ALL USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. In the unlikely event that the author did not send a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. uest. ProQuest 10017252 Published by ProQuest LLC(2016). Copyright of the Dissertation is held by the Author. All rights reserved. This work is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States Code. Microform Edition © ProQuest LLC. ProQuest LLC 789 East Eisenhower Parkway P.O. Box 1346 Ann Arbor, Ml 48106-1346 Abstract The aim of the thesis is to understand popular attitudes in Athens to judicial activity in the late fifth and early fourth centuries, the period in which Aristophanes wrote and performed his plays. Within the Aristophanic world, characters are frequently portrayed as engaging in litigation and jury service. Moreover, this portrayal of judicial activity is decidedly ambivalent, with the comic hero often fleeing from judicial activity into a fantastical paradise within which judicial activity is consciously banished. And yet as the play continues, judicial activity often resurfaces within the fantastical paradise. These on-stage images of judicial activity are compared with portraits which litigants paint of themselves and their opponents in the Attic Orators. Litigants characteristically present themselves as inexperienced and reluctant to engage in judicial activity, while portraying their opponents as experienced to the point of sycophancy. -
© 2017 Scott Asher William Barnard ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
© 2017 Scott Asher William Barnard ALL RIGHTS RESERVED ACTORS AND CONSPIRATORS: CIVIC ANXIETY IN LATE ATTIC TRAGEDY By SCOTT ASHER WILLIAM BARNARD A dissertation submitted to the Graduate School-New Brunswick Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey In partial fulfillment of the requirements For the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Graduate Program in Classics Written under the direction of James F. McGlew And approved by ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________ New Brunswick, New Jersey May, 2017 ABSTRACT OF THE DISSERTATION ACTORS AND CONSPIRATORS: CIVIC ANXIETY IN LATE ATTIC TRAGEDY By SCOTT ASHER WILLIAM BARNARD Dissertation Director: James F. McGlew In the year 411 BC, Athens endured a brief but violent political revolution at a moment when the city’s fortunes were declining in the late stage of the Peloponnesian War. This “coup of 411” was driven by a relatively small number of oligarchic sympathizers who conspired in secret to overthrow the democratic Athenian government and install themselves at the head of a new oligarchic regime, that, they believed, would secure desperately needed aid from the Persian Empire against their Spartan enemies. For all of the civic turbulence these oligarchic conspirators caused, their government collapsed after only a few months and Athenian citizens were left to reinstall their fragile democracy. In the aftermath of the coup of 411 (and other conspiracies that preceded it) the citizens of Athens were particularly agitated by the possibility that other conspiracies may have been active in the city, and there is evidence that a sense of mutual suspicion was pervasive. And yet, in spite of the political upheaval many of Athens’ civic and cultural institutions remained active – including the annual celebration of the City Dionysia, the festival that served as the venue for the production of Greek tragedy. -
The Morals, Vol. 3 [1878]
The Online Library of Liberty A Project Of Liberty Fund, Inc. Plutarch, The Morals, vol. 3 [1878] The Online Library Of Liberty This E-Book (PDF format) is published by Liberty Fund, Inc., a private, non-profit, educational foundation established in 1960 to encourage study of the ideal of a society of free and responsible individuals. 2010 was the 50th anniversary year of the founding of Liberty Fund. It is part of the Online Library of Liberty web site http://oll.libertyfund.org, which was established in 2004 in order to further the educational goals of Liberty Fund, Inc. To find out more about the author or title, to use the site's powerful search engine, to see other titles in other formats (HTML, facsimile PDF), or to make use of the hundreds of essays, educational aids, and study guides, please visit the OLL web site. This title is also part of the Portable Library of Liberty DVD which contains over 1,000 books and quotes about liberty and power, and is available free of charge upon request. The cuneiform inscription that appears in the logo and serves as a design element in all Liberty Fund books and web sites is the earliest-known written appearance of the word “freedom” (amagi), or “liberty.” It is taken from a clay document written about 2300 B.C. in the Sumerian city-state of Lagash, in present day Iraq. To find out more about Liberty Fund, Inc., or the Online Library of Liberty Project, please contact the Director at [email protected]. LIBERTY FUND, INC.