\Tas There a Stream of Greek Humanists in the Late
\TAS THERE A STREAMOF GREEKHUMANISTS IN THE LATE RENAISSANCE? It is commonly accepted that Greek intellectuals made an important con- tribution to the rise of what we call the Renaissance,that is, the cultural re- vival which started in ltaly in the early fourteenth century and which by its 'Western end in the early seventeethhad spread across the whole of Europe. Learned 6migr6s from Byzantium, like Chrysoloras, Argyropoulos, Bessarion, Trapezountios,among others, are credited, quite rightly, with consolidating the knowledge of the Greek languageand literature which was very limited in the'West during the Middle Agesr,but which was crucial to the development of Renaissanceculture. More specifically,this knowledge was essenrialto the formation of what we now call humanism, that is, the aspect of Renaissance culture concerned with learning and education2.Since the central idea of humanism was that true learning is to be retrieved from classicalantiquity rather than created anew, the knowledge of Greek was just as indispensable as Latin in achievingthis ideal. The study of philosophy, medicine, geogra- phy, or theology, for instance,amounted basicallyto the study of the original texts of Plato, Aristotle, Cicero, Galen, Pliny, Ptolemy, and the Bible respectively.And, as is widely known, Greeks played an importanr role in this cultural movement during the 15th and early 16th century as teachersof Greek, operating primarily in Italy but also in France and Spain. Some of them held the newly founded chairs of Greek in the medieval universities, others taught privately, sometimesin royal courts, most prominently in that of the Medici in Florence, while others were hired by the first publishers, This paper was first presented in the Modern Greek seminar at the University of Oxford (January 2000) and at Cambridge.
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