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Fiscal Year 1994 Was a Time of Tremendous Accomplish- Longest Object Ever Placed in Space

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Fiscal Year 1994 Was a Time of Tremendous Accomplish- Longest Object Ever Placed in Space NOTE TO READERS: ALL PRINTED PAGES ARE INCLUDED, UNNUMBERED BLANK PAGES DURING SCANNING AND QUALITY CONTROL CHECK HAVE BEEN DELETED Aeronautics and Space Report of the President Fissal Year 1894 Activities 1885 National Aeronautics and Space Administration Washington, DC 20546 Executive Summary ........................................................................................... 1 National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) ......................................................... 1 Department of Defense (DoD) ................................................................................................ 3 Department of Commerce (DOC)............................................................................................ 4 Department of Energy (DOE)................................................................................................... 4 Department of the Interior (Dol) ............................................................................................. 4 Department of Transportation (DOT) ....................................................................................... 5 Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) ............................................................................... 5 Office of Commercial Space Transportation (OCST) .......................................................... 6 The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) ........................................................................... 6 Federal Communications Commission (FCC) .......................................................................... 6 The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) ................................................................... 7 1995 I National Science Foundation (NSF) ........................................................................................ 7 Smithsonian Institution ........................................................................................................... 8 Department of State (DoS) ...................................................................................................... 8 The U.S. Trade Representative (USTR) .................................................................................... 8 The Arms Control and Disarmament Agency (ACDA) ............................................................. 9 The Information Agency (USIA) .............................................................................................. 9 Space Launch Activities .................................................................................... 9 Space Shuttle Missions ........................................................................................................... 9 Expendable Launches ........................................................................................................... 10 Space Science ................................................................................................. 11 Astronomy and Space Physics .............................................................................................. 11 Solar System Exploration ...................................................................................................... 15 Other Space Science ............................................................................................................ 17 Space Flight and Space Technology ................................................................ 20 Space Shuttle ........................................................................................................................ 20 Single Stage Rocket Technology (SSRT) ................................................................................. 21 Other Launch Systems .......................................................................................................... 22 Satel Iites ............................................................................................................................... 22 Space Station ........................................................................................................................ 26 Energy .................................................................................................................................. 27 Safety and Mission Assurance ............................................................................................... 29 Other Space Technology ...................................................................................................... 30 Space Communications ................................................................................... 31 Communications Satellites ................................................................................................... 31 Space Network ..................................................................................................................... 33 Ground Networks ................................................................................................................. 34 Aeronautical Activities .................................................................................... 34 Technological Developments ............................................................................................... 34 Air Traffic Control and Navigation ........................................................................................ 41 Weather-Related Aeronautical Activities ............................................................................... 44 Flight Safety and Security ..................................................................................................... 46 Aviation Medicine and Human Factors ................................................................................. 49 .. II Aeronautics and Space Report of the President Studies of the Planet Earth .............................................................................. 50 Terrestrial Studies and Applications ...................................................................................... 50 Atmospheric Studies ............................................................................................................. 55 Oceanographic Studies ........................................................................................................ 57 Other Aeronautical and Space Activities ........................................................ 59 Discussions Concerning Arms Control of Space-Related Weaponry ..................................... 59 Cooperation With Russia and Other Foreign Policy Issues .................................................... 59 Commercial Development and Regulation of Space Technology ......................................... 62 Space and Public Diplomacy Abroad ................................................................................... 65 Appendixes ..................................................................................................... 67 A- 1 U.S. Government Spacecraft Record ........................................................................... 67 A-2 World Record of Space Launches Successful in Attaining Earth Orbit or Beyond ......... 68 A-3 Successful U.S. Launches, October 1. 1993-September 30. 1994 ............................... 69 B-1 U.S.-Launched Applications Satellites. 1988-Sept . 1994 ............................................. 75 8-2 U.S.-Launched Scientific Satellites. 1988-Sept . 1994 .................................................. 77 B-3 U.S.-Launched Space Probes, 1975-Sept . 1994 .......................................................... 78 C U.S. and Russian Human Spaceflights, 1961-Sept . 1994 ............................................. 79 D U.S. Space Launch Vehicles ........................................................................................ 91 E- I Space Activities of the U.S. Government ..................................................................... 93 E-2 Federal Space Activities Budget ................................................................................... 95 E-3 Federal Aeronautics Budget ......................................................................................... 95 F- 1 White House Statement on Treaty on Open Skies ........................................................ 96 F-2 Statement on Foreign Access to Remote Sensing Space Capabilities ............................ 97 F-3 Presidential Decision Directive/NSTC-2: Convergence of U.S.-Polar-Orbiting Operational Environmental Satellite Systems ............................ 100 F-4 White House Fact Sheet: Landsat Remote Sensing Strategy ....................................... 103 F-5 White House Statement Releasing National Science Policy Report ............................ 106 F-6 Presidental Decision Directive/NSTC-4: National Space Transportation Policy ......... 110 Glossary ........................................................................................................ 117 Index ............................................................................................................ 139 ... 1995 Ill competitive in the world market. Additionally, on May 5, Executive Summary 1994, the White House announced that the National Oceanic Note: The National Aeronautics and Space Act of 1958 and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), the DoD, and the directed the annual Aeronautics and Space Report to in- National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) clude a “comprehensive description of the programmed were establishing a joint program to effect the convergence activities
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