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Diaspora Mapping DIASPORA MAPPING PROFILE OF THE GAMBIA, GUINEA AND GUINEA-BISSAU DIASPORAS IN ITALY The opinions expressed in the report are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the International Organization for Migration (IOM). The designations employed and the presentation of material throughout the report do not imply expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of IOM concerning legal status of any country, territory, city or area, or of its authorities, or concerning its frontiers or boundaries. IOM is committed to the principle that humane and orderly migration benefits migrants and society. As an intergovernmental organization, IOM acts with its partners in the international community to: assist in the meeting of operational challenges of migration; advance understanding of migration issues; encourage social and economic development through migration; and uphold the human dignity and well-being of migrants. _______________________________________________ This publication was made possible through the support provided by the Italian Agency for Development Cooperation. This publication has not been edited by IOM Publications. Publisher: International Organization for Migration Coordination Office for the Mediterranean Via L.G. Faravelli Casale Strozzi Superiore, 00195 Rome – Italy Tel: (+39) 06 44 23 14 28 E-mail: [email protected] Internet: www.italy.iom.int _______________________________________________ © 2019 International Organization for Migration (IOM) All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise without the prior written permission of the publisher. PUB2019/091/R This report has been authored by: Serena Scarabello, Consultant March 2019 TABLE OF CONTENTS TABLE OF CONTENTS ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS .....................................................................................................................................................vi LIST OF FIGURES AND TABLES ..............................................................................................................................................................vii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS .............................................................................................................................................................................ix INTRODUCTION .............................................................................................................................................................................................1 METHODOLOGY ..........................................................................................................................................................................................2 Diaspora and sampling procedure ......................................................................................................................................2 Mapping methodology .................................................................................................................................................................3 PROFILES OF DIASPORAS .................................................................................................4 1. THE GAMBIA .............................................................................................................................................................................................5 1.1 MIGRATION TRENDS: ARRIVALS AND CURRENT PRESENCE IN ITALY ......................................5 1.1.1 Arrivals by sea ...............................................................................................................................................................5 1.1.2 Current presence in Italy ..........................................................................................................................................5 1.2 OFFICIAL STATISTICS: ASYLUM APPLICATIONS AND TYPE OF PERMITS ...................................7 1.2.1 Asylum applications ......................................................................................................................................................7 1.2.2 First-instance asylum decisions ..............................................................................................................................8 1.2.3 Type of residence permits ........................................................................................................................................8 1.3 A PROFILE OF THE GAMBIAN DIASPORA IN ITALY FROM IOM SURVEY DATA ..............12 1.3.1 Socioeconomic background before departure .......................................................................................12 1.3.2 Reasons for leaving The Gambia ......................................................................................................................14 1.3.3 Intended destinations................................................................................................................................................15 Box 1: Type of residence permits ....................................................................................................................16 Box 2: Unaccompanied children in reception centres .......................................................................17 1.4 GAMBIAN NATIONALS IN ITALY: AN OVERVIEW OF THEIR EDUCATION AND ECONOMIC STATUS ................................................................................................................................................18 1.4.1 Education ..........................................................................................................................................................................18 1.4.2 Employment and entrepreneurial activities ...............................................................................................19 1.4.3 Remittances ...................................................................................................................................................................20 2. GUINEA ....................................................................................................................................................................................................23 2.1 MIGRATION TRENDS: ARRIVALS AND CURRENT PRESENCE IN ITALY ..................................23 2.1.1 Arrivals by sea ................................................................................................................................................................23 2.1.2 Current presence in Italy .......................................................................................................................................23 2.2 OFFICIAL STATISTICS: ASYLUM APPLICATIONS AND TYPE OF PERMITS ................................26 2.2.1 Asylum applications ...................................................................................................................................................26 2.2.2 First-instance asylum decisions ...........................................................................................................................26 2.2.3 Type of residence permits .....................................................................................................................................27 2.3 A PROFILE OF THE GUINEAN DIASPORA FROM IOM SURVEY DATA.......................................30 2.3.1 Socioeconomic background before departure .......................................................................................30 2.4 GUINEAN NATIONALS IN ITALY: AN OVERVIEW OF THEIR EDUCATION AND ECONOMIC STATUS ................................................................................................................................................33 2.4.1 Education ..........................................................................................................................................................................33 2.4.2 Employment and entrepreneurial activities ...............................................................................................34 iii 2.4.3 Remittances ...................................................................................................................................................................36 DIASPORA MAPPING: PROFILE OF THE GAMBIA, GUINEA AND GUINEA-BISSAU DIASPORAS IN ITALY 3. GUINEA-BISSAU ...................................................................................................................................................................................37 3.1 MIGRATION TRENDS: ARRIVALS AND CURRENT PRESENCE IN ITALY ..................................37 3.1.1 Arrivals by sea ................................................................................................................................................................37 3.1.2 Current presence in Italy .......................................................................................................................................37 3.2 OFFICIAL STATISTICS: ASYLUM APPLICATIONS AND TYPE OF PERMITS ................................40 3.2.1 Asylum applications ...................................................................................................................................................40 3.2.2 First-instance asylum decisions ...........................................................................................................................40
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