FINAL TECHNICAL REPORT| APRIL 2017
Final technical report
International Development Research Centre (IDRC)
Strengthening West African Research Capacity on Security - Project 106743 (March 2012 – Feb. 2017)
ISS-Pretoria (head Office) ISS-Dakar 361 Veale Street Regional Office for West Africa Block C, Brooklyn Court Immeuble Atryum Center, 4th floor New Muckleneuk Route de Ouakam, Pretoria, South Africa Dakar, Senegal
Research team Programme managers Déo Barakamfitiye, Stéphanie Wolters, Lori-Anne Théroux-Bénoni Senior researchers Lori-Anne Théroux-Bénoni, William Assanvo, Barthelemy Blédé, David Zounmenou, Stéphanie Wolters Researchers Paulin Maurice Toupane and Ibrahim Maïga Junior researcher Ella Abatan Junior fellows 2012: Awa Faye Daou, Paulin Maurice Toupane, Lucie Boucher 2013: Lidawo Kilo, Baba Dakono, Bile Ehoussoua Marie Emmanuela Kabran, Sohe Loïc Elyse Gino Vlavonou, Mahamoudou Kane 2014: Esso- Wedeou Gnamké, Fatimata Ouédraogo, Tity Agbahey, Ibrahim Maïga, Ousmane Aly Diallo 2015: Jeannine Ella Abatan, Cheikh Dieng, Pascaline Compaoré, Jeanine Kobi Bié 2016: Aissatou Kanté, Kadiatou Yacouba Keita, Fatimata Ba, Wendyam Aristide Sawadogo, Patrick Olivier Gnonsekan
Country/Region Addis Ababa (Ethiopia), Dakar (Senegal), Nairobi (Kenya), Pretoria (South Africa)
Contact information Lori-Anne Théroux-Bénoni [email protected], [email protected]
CONTENTS
1. Abstract ...... 4 2. The research problem ...... 4 3. Objectives ...... 5 4. Project activities ...... 5 5. Project outputs ...... 18 6. Project outcomes and impact ...... 19 7. Lessons learnt and best practices ...... 26 8. Way forward and spin-off projects ...... 27 9. Annexure A: Publication table ...... 28 10. Annexure B: Outcome monitoring ...... 34 11. Annexure C: Media coverage ...... 37
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1. Abstract
From July 2012 to February 2017 this project, funded by the International Development Research Center (IDRC) of Canada, built the next generation of West African policy researchers in the areas of governance, justice and security. Through training and mentorships at the Institute for Security Studies (ISS), a leading African policy research and training organisation engaged in human security, 22 junior fellows learnt how to convert desktop and field research findings into tools for policy debate and policy proposals. They developed valuable professional skills, expanded their networks and are now better equipped to undertake peace and security policy research in the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) region and beyond, enabling them to work within governments, regional organisations and civil society, among others. This project also served as a launching pad for the Dakar office of the ISS by supporting initial research capacity recruitment to supervise the fellows. It was fundamental in raising the profile of the ISS Dakar office by enhancing its contribution to policy debates about human security issues affecting the West African region. This report describes the project’s activities and provides detailed information about the outputs it generated and evidence of its impact in building the capacity of the fellows and producing policy research that has changed the discourse on human security in West Africa. It also summarises lessons that could inform future capacity-building projects and describes the way forward and new programmes generated by this project.
2. The research problem
West Africa remains one of the most volatile regions in Africa and has, perhaps more than any other sub-region, acquired unenviable notoriety as a theatre of violent conflict, political instability, human and drug trafficking as well as state implosion. While there have been encouraging moves away from active armed conflict in Liberia, Sierra Leone and Côte d’Ivoire, the political climate in many countries still poses serious security challenges such as transnational crime, terrorist activities, increasing religious extremism, difficulties in political transition, regional insurgencies, fragile post-conflict situations, military coups and other unconstitutional changes of government, as well as the negative consequences of climate change and natural disasters.
In responding to these challenges countries in the region have demonstrated limited or weak policies and technical and administrative capacity. Good policy-making comes from a sound understanding of the context within which the policies are to be implemented and the availability of a range of viable policy options for consideration. They are also dependent on accurate, credible and impartial information and analysis. Yet West Africa suffers from a dearth of policy analysts and researchers in areas of governance, security and justice, partly because universities and training centres in the region focus more on academic than on policy-oriented research.
ISS’s vision is to work towards a stable and peaceful Africa characterised by sustainable development, human rights, the rule of law, democracy, collaborative security and gender mainstreaming. The ISS intends to realise this vision by undertaking applied research; working collaboratively with others; facilitating and supporting policy formulation; monitoring trends and policy implementation; collecting, interpreting and disseminating information and networking at national, regional and international levels. This vision is in line with the IDRC’s
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priorities for this project, which relate to governance, justice and security. Well-trained personnel are central to realising such a vision.
3. Objectives
The two specific objectives of the project were:
(i) To strengthen the ability of the new ISS Dakar office to develop Francophone West African research capacity in the area of human security by recruiting a senior researcher (Phase 1 only) and researchers (Phase 2);
(ii) To enhance the policy research and analytical capacity of young Francophone West African scholars in relation to security issues through training and mentorship at the ISS, as well as to translate their research findings into tools for policy debate and change (Phases 1 and 2).
The intention was to provide 20 young, post-graduate Francophone West African researchers with the opportunity to gain experience working in a policy research organisation, engage with broad security policy matters and respond to the complex challenges facing West Africa in relation to issues of governance, security and justice. The ISS intended to support fellows who wished to pursue a career working on issues such as conflict analysis, risk analysis, peace-building, security, corruption, rule of law, governance or transnational threats. The intention was to empower and transfer knowledge to junior fellows, who, in turn, provide the ISS with short-term assistance and the development of outputs in line with the Institute’s overall objectives.
Building on the accomplishments of and lessons learned from the 2012-2015 IDRC-funded junior fellowship project, the programme was extended for an additional two years (2015- 2017). As elaborated in the following sections, the implementation of both phases of the project exceeded the initial objectives.
4. Project activities
Three main activities assigned to the project and supported by IDRC funding were:
● to recruit researchers (senior and junior) in Dakar to mentor the fellows effectively and provide the Dakar office with research capacity; ● to recruit five cohorts of fellows through a competitive and transparent selection process and to assist them in relocating to take up their positions; ● to mentor effectively five cohorts of fellows in Addis, Dakar, Nairobi and Pretoria during Phase 1 and in Dakar only in Phase 2 during their daily participation in the work of the ISS offices (including their stipends, accommodation, health insurance; conduct of field research activities as appropriate; publications and support of indirect costs in the offices in which the fellows were located).
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This section details the implementation of each of these activities over the duration of the project.
4.1 Recruitment of researchers in Dakar
The project has strengthened the research capacity of the ISS Dakar office with the initial recruitment in July 2012 and sustainment of a senior researcher who was appointed office head in September 2014 with 60% of her tasks being those of a senior researcher.
It further strengthened the office capacity by the recruitment of three former IDRC-ISS junior fellows as junior researchers in May 2013, February 2016 and January 2017. The junior researchers made a considerable contribution to the mentoring of the new junior fellows and to the Dakar office policy research outputs, while further honing their research, analytical and mentoring skills.
4.2 Recruitment of junior fellows
Five groups of fellows were recruited between 2012 and 2017. In all cases the recruitment processes were led by the ISS Dakar office and completed with the participation of Ramata Thioune of IDRC. During the initial selection process, in 2012, only 23 candidates applied and five, all from Senegal, were shortlisted. The selection process for the second group started in February 2013. A total of 46 applications was received and nine candidates were shortlisted. Four junior fellows (one woman and three men) were recruited.. The selection process for the third group started in November 2014. A total of 77 applications was received and 12 candidates were shortlisted. Five junior fellows (two women and three men) were recruited. The selection process for the fourth group started in February 2015. A total of 104 applications was received and 10 candidates were shortlisted. Four junior fellows (three women and one man).
The selection process for the fifth group started in January 2016. A total of 66 applications was received and 12 candidates were shortlisted. Five junior fellows (three women and two man) were recruited.
Applications for Fellowship
104
77 66
46
23
2012 2013 2014 2015 2016
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The surge in the number of applicants for the second, third and fourth groups indicates that the strategy used to increase the visibility of the programme has been successful. The strategy entailed reaching out to various universities and research centres in West African countries, asking past fellows to share the advertisement through their networks and posting the call for applications on the Peace Operations Network at the University of Montreal. The IDRC-ISS fellowship programme has become increasingly well known and popular, even attracting applications from young Francophones in Central Africa. The number of applications for the fifth group of fellows decreased slightly, but the majority of applications were more in line with the selection criteria than had been the case in previous selection processes.
The strategy also succeeded in attracting more geographically diverse candidates, thus achieving the regional diversity envisaged for the programme. Although the first group of fellows came solely from Senegal, the second group came from Mali, Togo, Benin and Côte d’Ivoire. The third group included fellows from Burkina Faso, Mali, Togo and Senegal. The fourth group came from Burkina Faso, Côte d’Ivoire, Benin and Senegal and the fifth group from Mauritania, Senegal, Côte d’Ivoire, Mali and Burkina Faso. The only two Francophone West African countries from which the project received applications but did not recruit any fellows are Niger and Guinea Conakry. One candidate from Niger was shortlisted in 2015 and 2016 but was not successful. In 2015 the project also received an application from a Mauritanian candidate who was shortlisted but was unsuccessful at the interview stage. She was successfully recruited into the fifth group, in 2016.
Fellows' Countries of Origin
BENIN 2
BURKINA FASO 3
COTE D'IVOIRE 3
MALI 3
MAURITANIA 1
SENEGAL 7
TOGO 3
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
The first group of junior fellows started in Dakar on 17 July 2012. The Addis Office fellow started on 31 July 2012. The starting date for the fourth fellow, who was supposed to go to Cape Town, then Pretoria, was delayed because of problems related to work permits for young foreigners in South Africa.
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Name | Awa Faye Daou ‘ As opposed to previous internships I Nationality | Senegalese have suffered through, where I was Fellowship Period and Location | July 2012 to Jan. expected to serve coffee or make 2013, Dakar photocopies, the internship at the ISS Number of Publications | Contributor: 6 provided me with a real opportunity to Single Author: 1 learn and develop myself, both professionally and personally, while Employment upon leaving the ISS | Electoral contributing to the work of the Officer at Gorée Institute (Feb. - Oct. 2013) Institute. I feel I am part of a team.’
Current Activity | United Nations Volunteer, Civil Mid-Term Evaluation, October 2012 Affairs Officer at UN Stabilization Mission in Mali (Since Oct 2013, Mali)
Name | Paulin Maurice Toupane ‘ It’s as if that internship was created Nationality | Senegalese specifically for me, I mean, it offers Fellowship Period and Location | July 2012 to May me exactly the opportunity and 2013, Dakar learning environment I need at this Number of Publications | Contributor: 17 stage in my career.’ Single Author: 4 Lunch Evaluation with senior Employment upon leaving the ISS | Recruited as researcher, 26 February 2013 Junior Research at ISS-Dakar; Short-term Electoral Observer with the African Union Electoral Observation Mission for the general elections in Guinea-Bissau (April and May 2014)
Current Activity | Senegambia Researcher at ISS- Dakar (since January 2017)
Name | Lucie Boucher ‘ I have learnt the necessity as a Nationality | Senegalese researcher to use neutral words such Fellowship Period and Location | August 2012 to as armed groups or the official name May 2013, Addis Ababa of the groups present in Mali such as Number of Publications | Contributor: 3 AQIM, MUJAO, etc, to avoid Single Author: 1 generalisation. Also, the terminology of “Islamist”, “radical Islam”, Employment upon leaving the ISS | Researcher “terrorist groups”, “Tuareg Consultant to conduct research on criminal network in rebellion”, should be used with Dakar (February-March 2014); Political and Human caution.’ Security Fellow at the UN Economic Commission for Africa (April 2014-June 2015, Ethiopia) Weekly Report, 3 March 2013
Current Activity | Associate Information Analyst, Joint Mission Analysis Center, United Nations Multidimensional Integrated Stabilization Mission in the Central African Republic (MINUSCA), Regional West HQ, Bouar, Central African Republic (since July 2015)
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Name | Mahamadou Kane ‘This fellowship in the Pretoria Nationality | Senegalese office has allowed me to be in Fellowship Period and Location | June 2013-March contact with prominent 2014, Pretoria researchers and experts in the Number of Publications | Contributor: 3 different regions in Africa. In Single Author: 1 addition to that, the daily briefing that the CPRA organises has had Employment upon leaving the ISS | May-June 2014, a positive impact on my Intern at the Dakar office of the International Crisis Group; understanding of the conflict PhD Candidate at the University of Beijing (China) dynamics in Africa and has significantly improved my September 2015-June 2016: English teacher at Guilin analytical skills.’ University of Electronic Technology Current Activity | PhD Graduate (June 2016), created La Informal discussion on junior Valise Diplomatique, an online information and analysis fellow’s experience, 21 February magazine in French, English and Chinese 2014
The second group of junior fellows started in Dakar on 1 May 2013 and finished at the end of February 2014. The Nairobi junior fellow started on 3 June and completed his fellowship at the end of March 2014. His induction training began in Dakar on 12 June 2013 and he was only able to join the Pretoria office on 4 July. South African labour laws provide for national preference, particularly in the case of young professionals. This made it difficult to process a work permit for the Pretoria fellow and, for the third recruitment, in order to avoid potential delays in the implementation of the project, it was decided not to send fellows to South Africa.
Name | Baba Dakono ‘ The training session on media Nationality | Malian relations (during which we listened Fellowship Period and Location | May 2013-Jan to and commented on a media 2014, Dakar interview Baba gave at the BBC) was Number of Publications | Contributor: 7 very useful. On the spot we don’t Single Author: 1 realise that small details can add to or withdraw a lot of value from a Employment upon leaving the ISS | Recruited as a media interview ... The comments of researcher consultant at ISS-Dakar to conduct a colleagues can reveal positive or research project on Northern Mali funded by the negative aspects of our speech that Japan International Cooperation Agency (February- we are not even aware of.’ March 2014); National Democratic Institute, Program Officer in charge of 1) Capacity-building of members Weekly Report, December 2013 of Parliament 2) Capacity-building of members of Parliament and civil society in democratic control of the armed forces (June 2014, Mali)
Current Activity | Project Manager at International Alert, in charge of conducting a perception survey on border security (Since August 2015, Mali)
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Name | Marie-Emmanuela Kabran ‘In addition to building my capacity Nationality | Ivorian in the field of human security and Fellowship Period and Location | May 2013-Feb analysis I developed other 2014, Dakar competencies such as planning Number of Publications | Contributor: 8 work and prioritising. I have also Single Author: 1 had the opportunity to try project management. Finally, this fellowship Employment upon leaving the ISS | Part-time has allowed me to work in a truly Abidjan-based research assistant for ISS-Dakar multicultural environment, which Religious Radicalism project (July-November 2014, will have considerable added value Côte d’Ivoire); Short-term Electoral Observer for the in my future attempts to be AU Electoral Observation Mission in Tunisia (20-30 employed.’ October 2014, Tunisia); head of monitoring and investigation department at Aeneas (company involved Mid-Term Evaluation, August 2013 in security, safety and economic intelligence). In charge of 1) Coordinating desktop research into security situation in Côte d'Ivoire, Burkina Faso, Cameroun, Gabon and DRC; 2) Drafting daily, weekly, monthly and quarterly analyses (November 2014-June 2016, Côte d’Ivoire)
Current Activity | Looking for opportunities
Name | Lidawo Kilo ‘ I have learnt how to conduct a Nationality | Togolese field mission, first from a theoretical Fellowship Period and Location | May 2013-Feb perspective through the Ethics 2014, Dakar course we have followed. I then Number of Publications | Contributor: 6 experienced it in practice through Single Author: 1 the field research I conducted in Niger in August 2013. My writing Employment upon leaving the ISS | Short-term skills have improved as well as my Electoral Observer with the African Union Electoral capacity to manage my time and Observation Mission for the general elections in produce financial documents such Guinea-Bissau (April and May 2014); since October as travel expense reports.’ 2015 volunteer at the Center for Research and Study Mid-Term Evaluation, August 2013 in Security and Development, Lomé)
Current Activity | Looking for opportunities (Togo)
Name | Gino Vlavonou ‘ I have improved my knowledge Nationality | Beninese and understanding of conflict and Fellowship Period and Location | June 2013-March instability in Africa from reading 2014 Nairobi and from participating in ISS Number of Publications | Contributor: 0 seminars and morning briefings. I Single Author: 3 have also developed a better understanding of key actors in Employment upon leaving the ISS | Decided to Africa and their role in peace and pursue a PhD in conflict studies at the University of security at national, regional and Saint-Paul in Canada continental levels.’
Current Activity | PhD candidate at Saint-Paul Mid-term Evaluation, 25 September University (Ottawa, Canada) 2013
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The third group of fellows all started in Dakar on 28 February 2014, which allowed them to create a strong network. In the hope that this overlap might be reproduced between the third and the fourth group, the fellowship period of the third group, which was scheduled to finish on 24 December 2014, was extended to 6 February. A change in visa procedures in Kenya delayed the start of the fellowship for the fellow who was to be based in Nairobi. To avoid further delays he started his fellowship at the Dakar office in April 2014, where he remained for two months until he received his visa, which enabled him to take up his fellowship in Nairobi. The Nairobi fellowship ended on 31 January 2015. To avoid any more such delays, the project team decided that from 2014 all the fellows would be based in Dakar for Phase Two of the project, since West African countries allow for the free circulation of West Africans in the region.
Name | Tity Agbahey ‘This fellowship has been a Nationality | Togolese great human and professional Fellowship Period and Location | Feb 2014-Oct 2014 experience. I have developed a Dakar professional network but also a Number of Publications | Contributor: 3 network of friends. This was an Single Author: 0 opportunity for me to learn new skills or expand those that I Employment upon leaving the ISS | November 2014: already had; I was also able to Recruited, before the end of her fellowship, as Africa acquire much ‘’savoir faire’’, programme associate at Girls Not Brides, Africa Regional which was needed after a very Office, Dakar, Senegal theoretical academic Africa programme associate at Girls Not Brides, Africa background ... In the context of Regional office, Dakar, Senegal in charge of: 1) my new job I can see how the Monitoring, research, policy analysis and programmatic experience at the ISS was development related to child marriage in Africa; 2) crucial, both in my capacity of Supporting the implementation of Girls Not Brides’s managing a heavy workload and strategic priorities in Africa; 3) Contributing to the broader in my way of working with strategic, programmatic and communications work of Girls others, or even in the research Not Brides (Senegal) methods I use.’
Current Activity | Research, Campaign and Exit report, December 2014 Communication Assistant at Amnesty International, Regional office for West and Central Africa (Senegal)
Name | Fatimata Ouédraogo ‘My participation in this Nationality | Burkinabé fellowship programme allowed Fellowship Period and Location | Feb 2014-Feb 2015 me to be more confident, Dakar organised and methodical in my Number of Publications | Contributor: 5 day-to-day work. The level of Single Author: 0 responsibility that I was given has strengthened my desire to Employment upon leaving the ISS | February-March go beyond what was expected of 2015: researcher consultant at ISS-Dakar to conduct me in order to justify the trust research on Casamance funded by the Japan placed in my person. It has also International Cooperation Agency allowed me to progressively April 2015-Feb 2016: Maternity leave improve my communication February 2016: Coordination and Programme Assistant skills. The experience I gained in Centre de Ressources et d'Excellence en matière these eleven months will enable d'Éducation en Afrique dans le domaine de l'Humanitaire me today to approach more et du Développement confidently the relatively closed and selective employment Current Activity | Since January 2017: Consultant market.’ Analyst on Burkina Faso, Aenas (Burkina Faso) Exit report, February 2015
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Name | Esso-Wèdeou Gnamke ‘The ISS capacity-building Nationality | Togo programme helped me to Fellowship Period and Location | Feb 2014-Feb 2015 improve my skills in many areas. Dakar In addition to achievements in Number of Publications | Contributor: 5 the area of analysis, drafting of Single Author: 1 documents and oral communication, the eleven- Employment upon leaving the ISS | March-April 2015: month training allowed me ISS research consultant to conduct research on electoral personally to gain more process in Togo funded by the African Development Bank confidence in myself. I feel Feb 2015-Feb 2016: Master’s student at Abomey-Calavi experienced enough to begin a University (Benin) professional career.’ May 2016 : Short-term Electoral Observer with the African Union Electorial Observation Mission for the Political Exit report, February 2015 Affairs Department in The Comoros Island.
Current Activity | Looking for opportunities (Togo)
Name | Ibrahim Maïga ‘When integrating the IDRC-ISS Nationality | Malian Fellowship programme my main Fellowship Period and Location | Feb 2014-Feb goal was on the one hand to 2015 Dakar better understand the concept of Number of Publications | Contributor: 8 human security and on the other Single Author: 2 to strengthen my capacity in the areas of research and analysis. Employment upon leaving the ISS | February 2015: Yet this experience has changed Junior researcher at ISS-Dakar since March 2015. my worldview and my Interpreter at the International Criminal Court since July understanding of certain issues in 2015 West Africa and how to address them. I hope other young Current Activity | Since January 2017: Researcher, researchers will have the same ISS-Bamako, Mali opportunity to learn, understand the world in which they operate and help make it better.’
Exit report, February 2015
Name | Ousmane Aly Diallo ‘I have improved my skills as a Nationality | Senegalese researcher and as an analyst Fellowship Period and Location | March 2014-Jan during these past 10 months 2015, Dakar/Nairobi through the mentorship I Number of Publications | Contributor: 4 received and the discussions I Single Author: 0 had. I have also had training in Employment upon leaving the ISS | Feb-March 2015: media communication with a researcher consultant at ISS-Dakar to conduct research professional journalist and in on Casamance funded by the Japan International ‘’Emerging threats to human Cooperation Agency security in Africa’’ with the African Center for Peace and April 2015-Aug 2015: Protection Associate Security Training. I am grateful (Statelessness) at United Nations High Commissioner for for the fellowship opportunity Refugees (Senegal) and am convinced that it has already started helping me in career prospects in the field of Current Activity | Since September 2015: PhD human security.’ Candidate and Doctoral Fellow at the Balsillie School of
International Affairs, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada Exit report, January 2015
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The fourth group of fellows started in Dakar on 4 May 2015. The four fellows were deployed to the operational site in time for their induction training. They also had the opportunity to meet with four Dakar and Nairobi fellows from the previous cohort who were still in Dakar for professional or personal reasons at the time and who shared their experience and provided advice.
Name | Jeannine Ella Adénikè Abatan ‘I have learnt a lot from the field research Nationality | Beninese training this week. Since I have never Fellowship Period and Location | May conducted any field research – yet would like 2015-Feb 2016, Dakar to pursue doctoral studies – this training Number of Publications | Contributor: 3 provided me with a great basis. I have, for Single Author: 2 example, learnt that field research is a process Employment upon leaving the ISS | that starts way before the first day in the field. One has to develop a research plan and a junior researcher at ISS-Dakar since calendar, identify targets, think of interview June 2016 settings and all other factors that can have an Current Activity | Since March 2017: impact on the research. I also took note of Researcher at ISS-Dakar in charge of a some best practices, such as the necessity to Gender and CVE in the Sahel IDRC funded adjust the questions depending on the project audience. This training was very useful and I hope we will have more in the coming weeks.’
Weekly report, 1 June 2015
Name | Armande Jeannine Kobi Koby-Bie ‘The field research in Burkina was an Nationality | Ivorian excellent learning opportunity. It Fellowship Period and Location | May 2015-Feb allowed me to hone my investigative 2016, Dakar skills while ensuring I had a wide and Number of Publications | Contributor: 2 adequate reading of a complex pre- Single Author: 1 election situation.’ Employment upon leaving the ISS | Since March 2016: English courses in Ghana Weekly report, 26 July 2015 Current Activity | Since March 2016: English courses in Ghana
Name | Pascaline Compaoré ‘I spent this week in Casamance (Senegal’s southern Nationality | Burkinabé region) with a team on a field mission on illegal Fellowship Period and Location | fishing. All the interviews we did allowed me to learn May 2015-Feb 2016, Dakar interview and field data collection techniques while Number of Publications | providing me with an opportunity to speak directly Contributor: 2 Single Author: 1 with fishing actors. It was also an occasion to learn Employment upon leaving the how to cope with difficulties that may arise during ISS | English courses in Ghana field trips. For example, we faced access problems in (March 2016) certain localities. There was also the language barrier Current Activity | Consultant at (Wolof), which limited my comprehension during African Crisis Group (since October some conversation. In spite of those challenges, this 2016) fieldwork experience provided me with an opportunity to develop an analysis of the illegal fishing issue in the region through direct contact with the reality on the ground.’
Weekly report, 12 June 2015
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Name | Cheikh Dieng ‘This week’s communication Nationality | Senegalese training was highly beneficial Fellowship Period and Location | May 2015-Feb 2016, because of both the theoretical Dakar and practical knowledge it gave us Number of Publications | Contributor: 2 in order to improve our Single Author: 0 communication and writing skills. Employment upon leaving the ISS | Political Analyst at Those skills are vital for every Senegal Presidency Secretariat (Jan 2016-Dec 2016) researcher or wannabe Current Activity | The Ecole Nationale d’Administration researcher. We have learnt many du Sénégal, Section Impots et domaines (since Jan fundamental things, such as how 2017) to share information in order to make an impact on policy makers.’
Weekly report, 31 July 2015
The call for applications for the fifth and last group of junior fellows was launched in November 2015 and the fellowship started on 15 February 2016, allowing the fourth and fifth groups to overlap. The fellowship of the last cohort was extended for two months and ended on 24 February 2017.
Name | Kadiatou Yacouba Keita ‘At ISS, work under pressure and Nationality | Malian in team is almost a routine that I Fellowship Period and Location | Feb 2016-Dec 2016, am used to. I have experienced Dakar such pressure especially during Number of Publications | Contributor: 3 the implementation of project Single Author: 1 JICA. Each staff must manage his Employment upon leaving the ISS | Knowledge own stress while making sure to Management Officer, West Africa Civil Society institute not be overwhelmed by that of (WACSI) (since February 2017, Accra, Ghana) others. Finally, we did it! I am Current Activity | Knowledge Management Officer, happy that I was part of that great WACSI, Accra, Ghana learning experience.’
Weekly report, 29 July 2016
Name | Aïssatou Kanté ‘Taking part in the launching seminar Nationality | Senegalese of the West Africa Report on armed Fellowship Period and Location | Feb 2016-Dec groups in Mali allowed me to develop 2016, Dakar organisational skills and test my Number of Publications | Contributor: 3 ability to cope with pressure, Single Author: 1 especially because I was working on Employment upon leaving the ISS | Fellowship several projects at the same time. ended in Feb 2017 This allowed me to better understand Current Activity | Since February 2017, junior the scope of my fellowship at ISS.’ researcher consultant on Guinea-Bissau Weekly report, 17 June 2016
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Name | Aristide Sawadogo ‘I highly appreciated the inter- Nationality | Burkinabé institutional experience exchange Fellowship Period and Location | Feb 2016-Dec with Tity Agbahey (former fellow at 2016, Dakar ISS). It gave us a vision of the outside Number of Publications | Contributor : 4 work environment and the diversity Single Author: 1 out there. Beyond, it is an opening to Employment upon leaving the ISS | Fellowship some unsuspected parts of the world ended in Feb 2017 of research.’ Current Activity | Looking for opportunities Weekly report, 15 August 2016
Name | Patrick Gnonsekan ‘The training in analysis was an excellent Nationality | Ivorian opportunity for me to better understand Fellowship Period and Location | Feb 2016- my shortcomings in that area. My Dec 2016, Dakar expectations about the experience at ISS Number of Publications | Contributor: 3 (training in analysis and involvement in Single Author: 1 projects in progress) have generally been Employment upon leaving the ISS | satisfied. Working on a diversity of tasks Fellowship ended in Feb 2017 helps us develop a teamwork and Current Activity | About to start an MA in complementarity spirit.’ Peace and Security at Laval University (Quebec City, Canada) Weekly report, 8 April 2016
Name | Fatimata Ba ‘Having had the opportunity to be Nationality | Mauritanian associated with the elaboration of Fellowship Period and Location | Feb 2016- consultants’ contracts for the JICA Dec 2016, Dakar project with the support of Aida Niang Number of Publications | Contributor: 1 was a real discovery for me. In fact, the Single Author: 0 consulting profession has always Employment upon leaving the ISS | Officer in fascinated me and it was an opportunity charge of capacity-building, Save the Children for me to see how they work on behalf of (since October 2016, Mauritania) a structure. I realise that ISS is a school Current Activity | Officer in charge of capacity- where every day we learn new things.’ building, Save the Children (Mauritania) Weekly report, 1 April 2016
4.3 Mentorship, training and capacity-building
Between July 2012 and February 2017 the junior fellows worked closely with their mentors on a number of governance, security and justice policy issues and conducted desktop and field research that led to various publications. From an initial phase of directed desktop research and fact-checking of publications they progressed to conducting supervised field and/or desktop research and writing their own publications in compliance with ISS standards.
Over the course of this project the research team:
● Monitored developments in the ECOWAS region and presented analysis orally during the bi-weekly situation room exercise which took place in French and English. During these exercises senior researchers provided feedback to the fellows on the choice of subject and the style and content of the analysis; ● Developed concept notes and conducted field research in 10 countries on a variety of human security issues;
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● Drafted highly regarded policy publications (including editions of the West Africa Report, ISS Today and Policy Briefs); ● Organised seminars in Dakar, Bamako and Nairobi aimed at contributing to policy formulation in West Africa and beyond (the fellows helped create registration lists, took notes, helped write reports and spotlights and engaged in event assessment activities); ● Briefed stakeholders, supported by data from the field; ● Participated in policy debates and contributed to public discourse on human security issues by giving interviews to national and international media; ● Provided substantive input and writing support for various donor reports and donor proposals; ● Represented the ISS-Dakar office at a number of external events; ● Attended internal staff and management meetings (monthly office meeting, weekly pulse meeting, monthly research coordination meetings, MANCO feedback, etc); and ● Participated, under the supervision of a junior researcher, in the editorial meeting for the new View on Africa weekly briefing, during which researchers from Dakar, Nairobi, Addis Ababa and Pretoria provide expert analysis of major events and trends in Africa.
The fellows were fully involved in research work and were made progressively responsible for contributing to ISS general outputs (publications, seminars, briefing, media engagement) in West Africa, as described in the Output and Dissemination Table above. More specifically, and to cite a few examples, the junior fellows have been mentored in how to:
● Create country-specific databases to collect all ECOWAS, AU and United Nations (UN) documents as well as press reports. They became aware that organising data is the first step towards collecting factual information for future analysis; ● Use online tools such as GoogleDocs, DropBox and Basecamp to work collaboratively, share information, plan work and manage projects; ● Write effectively and structure their ideas through writing exercises. They have gradually learnt to draft sections of seminar reports, spotlights, ISS Today, Policy Briefs and West Africa Report; ● Cross-check facts and figures by drafting and reviewing publications; ● Obtain skills through the bi-weekly situation room exercise to bridge the gap between factual descriptions and fact-based analysis and policy recommendations; ● Conduct research more effectively on the Internet by using tools like Google Scholar and other social science databases; ● Prepare for field research by conducting desktop research, establishing pre-departure preliminary contacts and identifying targets, setting up meeting schedules and establishing priorities; ● Approach interlocutors to discuss sometimes sensitive peace and security issues while adhering to the ISS code of conduct and ethical research rules (as set in ISS Policy Manual, Part 6.1:Research Policies and Procedures, Code of Research ethics); ● Conduct effective semi-structured interviews by framing the discussion while allowing the interlocutor to raise important issues not anticipated by the researcher and, when necessary, redirecting discussions during interviews; ● Edit colleagues’ writing by providing concrete, structured and constructive criticism;
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● Develop their networking skills and deepen their understanding of a large range of issues by representing the ISS at external workshops and seminars; and ● Manage event administration by compiling seminar assessment forms and producing seminar reports and spotlights.
Beyond this hands-on training programme in policy research, publication and debate, most of the junior fellow had the opportunity to attend more formal courses offered and funded by the ISS Addis Ababa-based African Center for Peace and Security Training (ACPST). The ACPST provided the fellows with an opportunity to gain valuable theoretical and practical knowledge in the field of human security, which added value to their fellowships and widened their professional network.
The Dakar fellows also participated in workshops (aimed at reflecting on our daily practices as policy researchers or at developing specific professional skills) or in larger ISS training initiatives. During these workshops the following themes or tools were discussed:
● Policy analysis: Co-led by the ISS-Dakar senior researchers and the former International Crisis Group (ICG) regional office director for West Africa, with the aim of exposing the junior fellows to other research methods and institutional cultures, this two-hour workshop examined how to move from factual information to policy analysis and policy recommendations. ● Time management: Led by a Dakar senior researcher, this workshop identified best practices in the management of competing priorities, elaboration of a realistic work plan on a daily, weekly and monthly basis, based on the type of work expected within a project and on the individual rhythm of each member of staff. ● Prezi: Led by a Dakar senior researcher, this technical workshop focused on how to use the presentation tool Prezi to improve policy presentations. ● Field Research: Led by one of the Dakar senior researchers, this three-hour workshop discussed the ISS ethics guidelines and ethics rules when conducting research with human subjects on security, governance and justice issues. ● The do’s and don’ts of media liaison: This workshop was organised in two phases. Phase one was a discussion, led by the senior researcher, of how to prepare for and give a media interview about security, governance and justice issues. Phase two included the participation of an experienced journalist, who explained journalists’ expectations from experts when conducting such interviews. ● Building a CV and preparing for an interview: Led by a team of senior researchers, this workshop examined the CVs of the fellows and recommended ways of improving them.
As illustrated in the publication table below (See Section 5 – Project Outputs), over the course of the project the research team worked on a variety of human security issues, including the peace process in Mali, the political crisis in Guinea, security threats in Niger, pre-election analysis in Togo and Benin, religious radicalisation in Côte d’Ivoire, the political crisis in Burkina Faso, illegal fishing in Senegal, the post-coup election in Guinea-Bissau, post-conflict elections in Côte d’Ivoire, maritime security in the Gulf of Guinea, armed groups in Mali and the multinational Joint Taskforce against Boko Haram and youth engagement in violent extremist groups in Mali.
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As was the case with previous groups, junior fellows from the fourth and fifth groups were quickly made familiar, under the guidance of a senior researcher, with the policy dimensions of ISS research in three overlapping phases. Phase One focused on developing their research and communication skills through their participation in building the country data base, in fact-checking material intended for publication and in the Situation Room, an exercise that consists of researching, presenting and analysing current developments in the countries they cover. During that phase fellows were also introduced to the fundraising dimensions of the research work by helping to write funding proposals or reports to donors.
Phase Two involved the co-writing and publication of country analyses for the Peace and Security Council Report, West Africa Report, Policy Briefs, other project-funded confidential reports and the drafting of single-authored issues of ISS Today. This phase focused on honing the fellows’ analytical, communication and writing skills, through peer reviewing and workshopping their writing with the junior and senior researchers. Phase Three involved training to prepare for field research, conducting field research, translating research findings into policy-relevant information and progressively introducing the fellows to methods of engagement with policy-makers, the media and donors.
5. Project outputs
Concrete outputs of the IDRC-ISS junior fellowship project include:
● 22 instead of the planned 20 junior fellows from French-speaking West African countries benefited from the programme; ● 11 of the fellows recruited (50%) were young female researchers; ● 19 field research missions were conducted in 10 countries, including Côte d’Ivoire (2012, 2014, 2015), Mali (2012, 2013, 2014, 2016), Guinea (2013), Niger (2013, 2015), Guinea-Bissau (2014, 2016), Burkina Faso (2014, 2015), Togo (2014 twice), Nigeria (2014), Senegal (2015), Benin (2014) and Chad (2016); ● 90 ISS and external publications have been made available online, free of charge, in French and English in the form of ISS Today, ECOWAS Peace and Security Reports/West Africa Reports, Situation Reports, Policy briefs and so on, with three additional publication currently in progress; ● Hundreds of briefings to stakeholders, conference presentations, seminar reports, View on Africa briefing, media interviews, including those conducted by junior fellows, resulted from the project;
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Quan ta ve Outputs
90
22 19
FELLOWS PUBLICATIONS FIELD RESEARCH
The outputs in the form of publications, seminar reports, View on Africa and spotlgihts since the beginning of the project are listed and described in a table in Annexure A. The role in each output of the senior and junior researchers as well as that of the junior fellows is detailed t.
6. Project outcomes and impact
The impact of this project has been threefold. First, it has helped build the next generation of West Africa policy researchers, who have already spread out across West Africa and beyond. Secondly, the empirical data generated by the project influences policy and discourse on key human security issues in West Africa and the Sahel. Thirdly, the project has raised the profile of the Dakar office, the newest ISS office.
Outcome 1 – Building the next generation of West African policy researchers
Evaluating the impact of a project of this kind requires regular monitoring that allows for the tracking of weekly progress as well as methods of monitoring the professional placement of junior fellows in the long run. In order to track progress weekly and focus on specific challenges, the junior fellows were asked to submit a report every Friday in which they detailed, using bullet points or short sentences, the following elements: (i) Tasks accomplished (ii) Successes and challenges (iii) What have you learnt? (iv) Objectives for the following week. The idea behind the weekly reports was to provide the junior fellows with an opportunity to be aware and take full ownership of their own learning processes and professional development. In Dakar the senior researchers organised lunch meetings with the junior fellows individually or as a team to discuss the learning process and, during a mid-term interview, to elicit comments about what could be done differently to enhance their experiences at the ISS. A final report and an exit interview at the end of the fellowship also allowed for evaluation of content and self-assessment by the individual fellows. The final report was also an opportunity to collect recommendations for the project to enhance the experiences of the next junior fellows.
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The ‘Successes and challenges’ and ‘What have you learnt?’ sections of the junior fellows’ reports are the ones that are relevant to the evaluation of progress and impact. A content analysis of those sections, as well as of the mid-term and other interviews and exit reports, showed that the impact of the project went far beyond the professional skills development initially envisaged. Indeed, the reports showed that the junior fellows have not only developed specific professional skills (research methodology, organisational skills, writing skills, oral communication, networking skills, field research preparation, interview techniques, the importance of field research, prioritising and multitasking, and so on) but have also gained a better understanding of issues relating to governance, security and justice. They have also grown at a personal level, gaining confidence and progressively exploring their potential and believing in their abilities. Beyond the personal and professional skills they developed during their stay at the ISS junior fellows also built relationships among themselves, across the successive cohorts and across offices. This gives them a support network throughout the region and beyond, enabling them to share ideas, information, projects and opportunities.
Fellows' gender
WOMEN MEN 50% 50%
The fact that 50% of the fellows were women promoted capacity development for female researchers and was a move towards enabling gender equity. This not only enhanced women’s economic opportunities, it also ensured a gendered approach to the themes covered by the project. The fellows’ trajectory, presented in boxes throughout the report, includes quotes collected since the beginning of the project, from weekly reports or formal evaluation meetings. They should be understood as change stories and indicators of the impact of the project as well as the importance of creating informal, hands-on experience for young scholars.
Long-term assessment is measured by the type of professional opportunities the ISS-IDRC junior fellows have had at the end of their stay at the institute.
● Of the 22 junior fellows who have completed the ISS-IDRC fellowship, 18(82%) are employed or have decided to further their education by pursuing a second master’s degree or a doctorate;
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● 15 (68%) are currently employed or self-employed in full-, part-time or consultancy positions in the fields targeted by the project (governance, security, justice); ● Three (14%) are currently pursuing a PhD or a second master’s degree in International Affairs, Conflict Studies or Security Studies; ● Six (27%) found professional opportunities before the end of their fellowship, through the network they built or expanded while at the ISS; ● Only four (18%) are currently looking for professional opportunities, after having studied or occupied positions such as head of the Monitoring and Investigation Department at Aeneas (a private company involved in security, safety and economic intelligence) or after serving as short-term election observers in Tunisia, Guinea- Bissau and the Comores upon leaving the ISS
The uptake of former junior fellows in positions within government or in non-profit organisations and their ability to move from one position to another within and across organisations indicates the success of this project, which provided them with the skills and know-how that make them versatile, highly adaptable and efficient in a variety of work settings. Positions held by junior fellows after leaving the ISS or currently held include:
● Political analyst at the Presidency of the Republic of Senegal; ● Knowledge Management Officer at the West Africa Civil Society Institute in Accra, Ghana; ● Research, Campaign and Communication Assistant at Amnesty International, Regional Office for West and Central Africa, Dakar, Senegal; ● Head of the Monitoring and Investigation Department at Aeneas in Abidjan, Côte d’Ivoire; ● Associate Information Analyst, Joint Mission Analysis Center, UN Multidimensional Integrated Stabilisation Mission in Central African Republic, Bouar, Central African Republic; ● ISS-Dakar junior researcher consultant, Senegal; ● National Democratic Institute Programme Officer in charge of capacity-building of the members of Parliament and civil society members in democratic control of the armed forces, Bamako, Mali; ● Short-term election observer for the AU Electoral Observation Mission in Tunisia, Guinea-Bissau and The Comoros. ● United Nation Volunteer Civil Affairs Officer at the United Nations Stabilization Mission in Timbuktu, Mali; and ● Capacity-building Officer at Save the Children in Nouakchott, Mauritania.
The professional trajectories of the fellows upon leaving the ISS illustrate how policy work experience has empowered them. Under the mentorship of ISS senior researchers, who oversaw their work and offered guidance, the junior fellows developed their knowledge and understanding of the dynamics of conflict and instability in Africa. They also gained a better understanding of the role of major actors with regard to peace and security issues at national, regional, continental and global levels. Through their work at the ISS the junior fellows learnt valuable professional skills, developed their network and built their curricula vitae to increase their employability. They also strengthened their ability to undertake peace and security policy research in the ECOWAS region and beyond, thus making them available
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to assist regional governments and organisations, civil society organisations, partners and other relevant institutional role players.
6.2 Outcome 2 – Generating research that matters and informs policy
Over the course of the project the ISS-Dakar office and the ISS as a whole have developed ways to document the impact of their research and disseminate the results through spotlights. The following three spotlights resulted from work the Dakar research team developed with the support of IDRC. They show that the project informed policies, notably in relation to violent extremism in the Sahel; allowed the Dakar office to become engaged in high-level decision-making processes such as the development of the national strategy to prevent and counter radicalisation in Mali and Côte d’Ivoire and strengthened the use of knowledge from key national government officials, ECOWAS and African Union (AU) actors.
Example 1: Spotlight published on 22 March 2017: ‘New evidence on extremism informs policy in the Sahel’
ISS research is changing the discourse about violent extremism in West Africa and how to respond.
‘To find out what young people involved in jihadist groups in Mali are thinking, you actually need to speak to them. It sounds so logical, and yet our study is one of the first to do this in the Malian context.’
Explaining ISS’s cutting edge research on the correlation between youth, unemployment and radicalisation in Mali, Lori-Anne Theroux-Benoni, Institute for Security Studies (ISS) Office Director in Dakar, describes the ISS’s approach: ‘We involved the youth, local researchers and development organisations from the start. We spoke to them, we asked them questions and we listened to them.’
This collaborative project has informed development policy and generated requests for advice and technical support from governments, regional and international organisations, the media and civil society across West Africa and beyond. The research was commissioned by the Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA) and was implemented with additional support from the IDRC and the Government of the Netherlands.
‘We would like to congratulate and thank the ISS for this study that allows us to have an in- depth analysis of the reasons why some young people join violent extremist groups,’ says Amadou Koïta, Mali’s Minister for Youth and Citizens' Building. ‘We also believe that the study is an early warning tool for the government in its fight against radicalisation and violent extremism.’
The research provided empirical evidence on violent extremism, based on interviews with 70 young people formerly engaged in ‘jihadist’ groups in Mali. The rigour of the research was enhanced by in-depth consultations with national, regional and international stakeholders throughout the various phases of the study. This helped ensure credible results, with several research centres and think tanks, among them the International Peace Institute, International Alert and Interpeace, citing the study in their work.
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Results were presented to stakeholders in Mali, Senegal, Côte d’Ivoire, Niger and Burkina Faso and reached decision-makers at the highest level, among them Abdoulaye Diop of the Malian Ministry of Foreign Affairs.
‘This quality work will be very useful in the scientific understanding of this phenomenon which is [a] concern [to] all the countries of the Sahel-Saharan strip and beyond,’ says Aboudou Cheaka Touré, ECOWAS Resident Representative in Mali.
The findings generated extensive media interest, with more than 45 reports in local (Studio Tamani), national (ORTM, Mikado FM, Maliactu) and international (RFI, VOA, Le Point) media. Within four months of publicising the findings 20 requests for briefings had been received from research organisations, training institutions, governments, and regional and international organisations. Notable among these were presentations at the Sixth Tokyo International Conference on African Development in Nairobi in August 2016 and the Dakar International Forum for Peace and Security in December 2016.
‘The study has important policy implications for how development actors like JICA could design more effective interventions in affected countries or countries at risk,’ says Iimura Tsutomu, Resident Representative of the Japan International Cooperation Agency in Côte d’Ivoire.
The successful dissemination campaign led to requests for technical and policy advice from the African Union, the government of Mali and UNICEF.
The AU Mission for Mali and the Sahel asked ISS to contribute to a series of symposia with the G5-Sahel on violent extremism and radicalisation in Sahel countries. The aim is to adopt policy on preventing and countering violent extremism in the Sahel. MISAHEL has also asked the ISS to map initiatives and strategies on extremism in the Sahel.
In December 2016 ISS was invited to participate in the steering committee responsible for preparing Mali's national strategy on preventing and countering radicalisation and violent extremism. In November 2016 ISS provided analytical support during UNICEF Burkina Faso’s strategic meeting aimed at developing its Country Programme Document for 2018- 2020.
With the support of IDRC, ISS has also launched a three-year policy research project on women’s association with ‘jihadist’ groups in Mali and Niger.
Example 2: Spotlight published on 17 February 2016: ‘Mapping Sahel security threats’
The ISS’s work has far-reaching policy impact, says Pierre Buyoya, head of the AU Mission for Mali and the Sahel.
In November 2013 Sahel-Saharan ministers, the AU and other regional and international organisations established a ministerial platform to coordinate strategies that address the complex political, security and humanitarian situation in the Sahel.
Its technical secretariat, chaired by the AU and the UN, asked the ISS, the European Centre for Development Policy Management and the African Governance Institute to analyse the
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different Sahel strategies of organisations ranging from the African Development Bank, ECOWAS and the AU to the World Bank, the EU and the UN.
The research identified gaps and overlaps in approaches to the Sahel’s security threats and found the strategies had a similar focus on resilience, development, infrastructure, governance and education.
‘The work of the ISS and its partners means that for the first time we have a clear, high-level view and understanding of different approaches to the Sahel and their implementation capacities,’ says Pierre Buyoya.
Buyoya says the study is important because the nature of the crisis in the Sahel calls for clarity and precision. ‘The work has far-reaching policy impact. We can’t afford to be competing or squandering development and security resources. Governments, NGOs and regional or international organisations can now better coordinate their responses.’
Example 3: Spotlight published on 25 June 2015: ‘New research on religious radicalism in Côte d'Ivoire informs policy’
Ground-breaking research by the ISS Dakar office, in partnership with the Open Society Initiative for West Africa and the government of Côte d’Ivoire, will help authorities in Côte d’Ivoire better understand religious dynamics in the country and how they relate to political processes, as well as the likely threat of extremism.
The study’s practical recommendations about how to deal with gaps in government’s legal and institutional mechanisms will enable more effective and efficient responses.
‘The research provides an African perspective on a complex issue that has, so far, mainly been addressed focusing on Islam, the security priorities of external partners and terrorism,’ says Lori-Anne Théroux-Bénoni, head of the ISS office in Dakar.
‘But political violence can also be linked to evangelical movements, as illustrated by the various prophecies that fuelled the 2010 post-electoral crisis in Côte d’Ivoire,’ she added.
Supported by the government of Côte d’Ivoire and in partnership with expert Ivorian scholars, ISS experts conducted field research in 2014 in Abidjan, Yamoussoukro, Bouaké and Man.
The research showed that religious dynamics should be monitored not only within Muslim communities but also within evangelical movements. It found that a majority of the Shia Lebanese living in Côte d’Ivoire adhere the Hezbollah movement’s cause and are ready to support it, including financially.
‘The study reveals that although religious radicalism and extremism have not yet reached the scale observed in other countries in the region, Côte d’Ivoire is not immune to the phenomenon,’ says ISS senior research and the coordinator of the study, William Assanvo.
The research results were presented to Ivorian authorities in Abidjan in February 2015. High- level government officials from Côte d’Ivoire, Burkina Faso, Mali, Niger and Senegal participated in the meeting, which included discussions on how to address the issues in their respective countries.
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The findings have been published in an issue of the ISS’s West Africa Report that was launched at a seminar in Dakar on 22 June. The seminar covered perspectives from Mali and the results of a 2013 ISS study on religious radicalism in Senegal.
Outcome 3 – Establishing the ISS Dakar office as a leading human security resource in West Africa and beyond
The first ISS Dakar-based senior research staff were hired with IDRC funding to participate in this project. The project also served as a launching pad for the office by supporting the initial recruitment of researchers to supervise the fellows, which was fundamental in raising the profile of the office by enhancing its contribution to policy debates on human security issues affecting the West African region. Through this project the office has positioned itself as a leading resource in the region and globally by building a team of well-known researchers, including three former fellows, whose expertise is sought after by national governments, regional and international organisations, partners and donors.
Since each fellow came from a different country in the region covered (Burkina Faso, Benin, Côte d’Ivoire, Senegal, Mali, Mauritania, Togo) they also used their specific knowledge, expertise and networks to contribute substantially to the policy work of the office and to enlarging the scope of issues tackled and the geographical coverage of the office’s work. Their fellowship was not only an enriching and fulfilling experience for them, it was also fundamental to providing ISS offices with access to information about developing issues while offering a youth perspective on the work of the institute. The junior fellows therefore assisted the ISS to reach its objective of improving human security in Africa by contributing substantially to programme outputs.
Through the visibility gained thanks to the IDRC project and its outputs the Dakar office was able to raise funds and hire additional senior researchers, who contributed to the project. Through the years other partners have provided financial support for the office. Among them are the Hanns Seidel Foundation (HSF Office for West Africa), the Luxembourg Embassy in Senegal and OSIWA. Additional funds (grants or consultancy profits) supporting the activities and operations of the office in 2014 came from the Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA), the French Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Humanity United. Additional donors in 2015 include JICA, the African Development Bank and the Office of the Special envoy for the Sahel. In 2016 JICA once more supported the Dakar office, enabling the establishment of the groundbreaking policy research project on youth radicalisation in Mali, implemented with the support of the IDRC fellows and additional funding from the Government of the Netherlands.
In addition, the funding provided by ISS core funds helped maintain a stable level of operation and, since January 2015, has contributed to the activities of the research team. This project has helped to position the ISS office as a key source of information and a resource on human security in West Africa and beyond. The West African team of the ISS embarked on a new endeavor in 2016, with the decentralisation of the research team. The ISS started operating in Côte d’Ivoire in August 2016, with an initial focus on maritime security, and in Mali in January 2017, in an attempt to work more cost efficiently and move closer to the countries it covers while increasing its footprint in West Africa. The continuation of the fellowship programme (described in Section 8, entitled ‘Way forward and spin-off projects’) could take place in Dakar, Abidjan and Bamako.
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7. Lessons learnt and best practices
The project team has effectively implemented the remedies devised to overcome the challenges faced in years one, two and three of the project (see interim reports submitted in March 2013, March 2014 and April 2015), while ensuring that priority was given to ensuring an enriching experience for the junior fellows. This has led to the identification of lessons learnt and best practices that have been shared among the offices. The following practices, which could inform future capacity-building programmes for young policy researchers, have been identified and implemented:
Changing the title from interns to junior fellows
During year one the implementation team faced difficulties linked to varying levels of appropriation of the project among the offices, with some junior fellows being involved in a higher percentage of administrative task than was initially envisaged. To avoid such situations with the following groups of fellows the project team (i) requested and obtained a change of status from intern to junior fellow, to allow the participants to receive greater recognition both within and outside of the ISS (ii) shared project documents and interim reports more widely with the other offices and (iii) held meetings with the senior researchers in charge of mentoring the fellows to ensure a shared understanding of and commitment to the project. Those remedies have ensured a more fulfilling experience for the fellows in the various offices, although the success of the fellowship programme still depends largely on the availability and degree of involvement of the mentors. The change in title has also provided the fellows with the necessary legitimacy to engage more effectively with policy- makers and the media.
Better dissemination of fellowship vacancy announcement
The improved dissemination of the vacancy announcement has significantly increased the number and diversified the origins and background of applicants. Despite our efforts, however, we were unable to recruit fellows from Guinea Conakry and Niger. The Niger candidate who applied was unsuccessful. We succeeded in recruiting one Mauritanian fellow.
Better monitoring of junior fellows’ expectations, progress and activities
Through letters of expectation at the beginning of the fellowship, weekly reports, mid-term reports, a mid-term assessment letter and final reports, the project team has put in place a system that effectively tracks, monitors and evaluates the progress of the junior fellows and also helps in documenting the impact of the project.
Creating opportunities to reflect on our practices as policy researchers
The workshops organised in Dakar on policy analysis, media liaison and research ethics not only helped provide the junior fellows with valuable skills, they also gave the entire research team the opportunity to reflect on its practices and draw lessons for the future. Such
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workshops will be organised more systematically in future and junior fellows from other offices will be invited to join them over Skype.
Allowing fellows to take holidays during the fellowship period
The rhythm of work is often very intense and junior fellows suggested in their exit reports that it would be useful to take a short break once during the fellowship. This became effective during the fourth fellowship period.
Ensuring fellows are covered by health insurance
During year two of the project one of the fellows had health issues and was not covered by health insurance as this had not been included in the project budget. This situation was adjusted in 2014 for the third group of fellows and now ensures that fellows are able to remain in good health while they are away from their homes and families.
Allowing junior fellows who are not Dakar-based to undertake field research
The Addis, Nairobi and Pretoria junior fellows all expressed regret that they were unable to take part in field research. They argued that conducting fieldwork would have offered them an opportunity to familiarise themselves with empirical data collection and analysis. Starting with year three of the project the non-Dakar-based fellow, who was posted to Nairobi, conducted field research using the unspent funds from year two.
Creating flexibility around fellowship duration
Each fellow’s learning curve has its own rhythm. Apart from those who were offered a position before the end of their fellowship, as was the case with Awa Faye Daou, Baba Dakono, Tity Agbahey, Cheikh Dieng and Fatimata Ba, the junior fellows have served the entire ten months of their fellowship. The fellowship of the third cohort at the Dakar office was extended for an additional month in the hope that the fellows would overlap with the fourth cohort and avoid a gap in the staffing of the office. The fellowship of Ella Abatan has also been extended to allow her to complete her field research and the resultant publication. The funds freed by those who left earlier were used to prolong the fellowship of those whose fellowship was extended. This flexibility guaranteed a tailored approach, including the timing of the fellowship, with fellowships lasting between six and 12 months.
8. Way forward and spin-off projects
Confirmed fellowship in 2017 for Guinea-Bissau, Niger and Mali nationals ISS Dakar remains committed to continuing to build the capacity of young policy researchers in West Africa. Given the difficulties in identifying a partner interested in supporting a fellowship programme as a stand alone project the Dakar office has decided to include fellowships as a capacity-building component in all its future projects. This strategy allowed it to secure five positions for researchers from Guinea-Bissau, Mali and Nigeria in 2017.
New IDRC-funded project
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The work conducted by the last cohort of fellows under the supervision of two previous fellows produced new evidence that informed policy in the Sahel and contributed to changing the discourse about and response to violent extremism in West Africa. An important path highlighted by this work was the need for research into the gendered dimension of youth engagement in violent extremism. Starting in 2017 the ISS Dakar office will implement a project on women and violent extremism in Mali and Niger as part of an IDRC-funded three- year initiative on Youth, Injustice, Violence and Exclusion. In the Dakar office the subject of youth is not merely a research object. Research into youth issues is driven by young researchers who inform policy with a youth perspective.
Envisaged fellowship programmes for other ISS regional offices
Based on the success of and lessons learnt from the IDRC-ISS fellowship, the Dakar office is currently holding discussions with the ISS Human Resources Department in an effort to develop a proposal for regional fellowship programmes (East Africa, Central Africa, Southern Africa) with alternative partners in the other offices.
ISS-IDRC fellowship alumni network
Most of the fellows have remained in touch with each other and have created a support network that goes beyond simple friendship, even when they are not stationed in the same offices. They help each other in times of hardship, they share information and insights about the development of their societies and they exchange information about job postings. They also support each other during the recruitment period by sharing interview tips. They are in the process of developing an alumni network to remain in close contact and contribute to the human security debate in West Africa.
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9. ANNEXURE A : PUBLICATIONS TABLE
Title Authors and description
ISS Today
ISS Today on Guinea-Bissau Aïssatou Kanté, in progress
ISS Today on JICA Project findings Kadiatou Keita, in progress
EN : Peace in Mali: One step forward, two steps Bamako-based researcher and former junior fellow back (1 Feb 2017) Ibrahim Maiga assesses the peace process in Mali in the aftermath of the Gao attack. FR : Processus de paix au Mali: Un pas en avant, deux pas en arrière (1 Février 2017)
EN : Can the joint task force against Boko Dakar-based junior fellow Wendyam Aristide Haram stay the course? (13 January 2017) Sawadogo analyses the strengths and weaknesses of the Multinational Joint Task Force against Boko FR : La Force mixte peut-elle maintenir le cap ? Haram. (13 Janvier 2017)
EN : More power to the president in Côte Dakar-based junior fellow Patrick Gnonsekan d’Ivoire? (27 October 2016) analyses the referendum held in Côte d’Ivoire in October 2016 and its impact on national FR : Côte d'Ivoire: Vers une centralisation du reconciliation. pouvoir? (27 Octobre 2016)
EN : Zinsou versus Talon: Who will be Benin’s Dakar-based junior fellow Ella Abatan analyses the next president (16 March 2016) political situation in Benin after the first round of the presidential election. FR : Zinsou contre Talon : Qui sera le prochain president du Bénin (16 Mars 2016)
EN : Can Gbagbo’s ICC trial quench Côte Dakar-based junior fellow Armande Jeanine Kobi d’Ivoire’s thirst for justice ? (9 March 2016) considers whether Gbagbo’s trial at the ISS might further reconciliation in Côte d’Ivoire. FR : Le procès de Gbagbo à la Haye résoudra t- il le besoin de justice en Côte d’Ivoire ? (9 Mars 2016)
EN : Hope for en end to military meddling in Dakar-based junior fellow Pascaline Compaoré Burkina Faso (15 January 2016) explores the role of the military in political life in Burkina Faso. FR : Le Burkina Faso a-t-il tourné la page à des immixtions militaires dans la politique ? (15 Janvier 2016)
EN : Will Benin get another ‘international’ president in 2016 ? (18 December 2015) Dakar-based junior fellow Ella Abatan analyses the
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candidates for Benin’s 2016 presidential election. FR : Le Bénin aura-t-il un autre président « International » en 2016 ? (18 Décembre 2015)
EN : How can Senegal combat illegal fishing ? Dakar-based senior researcher Barthélemy Blédé, (17 November 2015) junior fellow Pascaline Compaoré and intern André Diouf recommend ways to prevent illegal fishing in FR : Quelles solutions pour le Sénégal face à la Senegal. pêche illicite ? (17 Novembre 2015)
EN : Côte d’Ivoire presidential elections: Beyond Dakar-based junior researcher Ibrahim Maiga and Alassane Ouattara’s victory Dakar-based junior fellows Ella Abatan and (6 November 2015) Armande Jeanine Kobi analyse the results of the 2015 elections in Côte d’Ivoire. FR : Election présidentielle en Côte d’Ivoire : au- delà de la victoire d’Alassane Ouattara (6 Novembre 2015)
EN : Côte d’Ivoire presidential election: What’s Dakar Office head Lori-Anne Théroux-Bénoni and at stake for stability? Dakar-based junior fellows Ella Abatan and (23 October 2015) Armande Jeanine Kobi analyse the situation ahead of the 2015 elections in Côte d’Ivoire. FR : Elections présidentielle : Quels enjeux pour la stabilité en Côte d’Ivoire (23 Octobre 2015)
EN : Is Burkina Faso out of the woods? Dakar-based senior researcher William Assanvo (28 September 2015) and Dakar-based junior fellows Ella Abatan and Pascaline Compaoré focus on the uncertain FR : Le Burkina Faso est-il sorti de l’ornière ? situation in Burkina Faso after Blaise Compaoré (28 Septembre 2015) was deposed.
EN : Guinea-Bissau crisis averted – but for how Dakar-based junior researcher Paulin Maurice long? Toupane and junior fellow Cheikh Dieng analyse (23 September 2015) the institutional crisis in Guinea-Bissau.
FR : Guinée Bissau : crise politique résolue, mais pour combien de temps ? (23 Septembre 2015)
EN: Mali's terrorists cast their web wider (21 Dakar-based junior researcher Ibrahim Maïga September 2015) analyses the terrorist attacks in the centre and the
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south of Mali and explores the possible FR: Mali: les terroristes tissents leur toile dans le connections among terrorist groups based in the reste du pays (21 septembre 2015) north and those operating in the other regions of the country. In addition, he analyses the national and international responses to these threats and recommends way in which the national response might be improved and enhanced.
EN: Fighting timber trafficking in Senegal: Will President Sall's new measures make a Dakar-based junior researcher Paulin Maurice difference? (11 September 2015) Toupane analyses the factors that might compromise the effectiveness in the Casamance FR: Lutte contre le trafic de bois au Sénégal: region of new measures announced by Senegal’s Les nouvelles mesures du président Sall seront- President Macky Sall to combat timber trafficking. elles efficaces ? (11 septembre 2015)
EN: The fight against Boko Haram tangled up in Following her participation in the January 2015 AU Nigerian and regional politics summit Dakar Office head Lori-Anne Théroux- (10 February 2015) Bénoni analyses the limits of regional cooperation against Boko Haram. FR: La lutte contre Boko Haram entre enjeux nigérians et politique régionale (10 Février 2015)
EN: 2015 elections in West Africa: Turbulent Dakar-based junior researcher Paulin Maurice times ahead (2 February 2015) Toupane, junior fellows Fatimata Ouédraogo, Ibrahim Maïga and Esso-Wèdeou Gnamke and FR: Elections 2015 : L’Afrique de l’Ouest entre Nairobi-based junior fellow Ousmane Aly Diallo en zone de turbulences analyse the risks of the 2015 electoral processes in (2 Février 2015) five West African countries.
EN: Two decades and counting: When will local Dakar-based junior fellow Esso-Wèdeou Gnamke elections be held in Togo? (7 January 2015) analyses how holding local elections 23 years after they were supposed to have taken place will FR: Attendues depuis deux décennies, à quand deepen democracy in Togo. les élections locales au Togo? (7 Janvier 2015)
Dakar Office head Lori-Anne Théroux-Bénoni, EN: West Africa after Campaoré Dakar-based junior fellows Fatimata Ouédraogo, (12 December 2014) Ibrahim Maïga and Esso-Wèdeou Gnamke and Nairobi-based junior fellow Ousmane Aly Diallo FR: L’Afrique de l’ouest après Campaoré (12 reflect on the regional impact of the Burkina Faso Décembre 2014) crisis.
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EN: Compaoré's bid to extend his reign backfires in Burkina Faso Dakar Office head Lori-Anne Théroux-Bénoni, (31 October 2014) senior researcher William Assanvo and Dakar- based junior fellows Tity Agbahey, Fatimata FR : La tentative de Compaoré de prolonger son Ouédraogo and Ibrahim Maïga analyse the key règne se retourne contre lui au Burkina Faso (31 events that brought about Blaise Campaoré’s Octobre 2014) resignation and consider its impact on West Africa, where five presidential polls are scheduled for 2015.
EN: Is cantonment the key to success in Mali’s negotiations? (21 July 2014) Dakar-based junior fellow Ibrahim Maïga analyses the challenges of the negotiation process in Mali. FR: Le cantonnement, une étape essentielle au The article is based on desktop research. processus de négociation ? (21 Juillet 2014)
EN: Elections in Guinea-Bissau: Will history Dakar-based junior researcher Paulin Maurice repeat itself? (16 May 2014) Toupane analyses Guinea-Bissau’s political scene and the challenges after the general elections of 13 FR: Elections générales en Guinée-Bissau: April and 18 May 2014. The analysis is based on Changement dans la continuité ? field research. (16 Mai 2014)
EN: Cote d'Ivoire's universities: Still caught Dakar-based junior fellow Marie Emmanuela between violence and politics? Kabran, analyses the roots of the violence among (18 December 2013) Ivorian student unions and their relationships with political parties. The article is based on desktop FR: L’Université en Côte d’Ivoire: Toujours entre research and interviews with Ivorian political violence et politique? figures. (18 Décembre 2013)
EN: Political challenges and security Dakar-based junior fellow Baba Dakono and intern uncertainties on the eve of Mali's legislative Maryse Glèlè Ahanhanzo highlight the issues elections (22 November 2013) surrounding legislative elections in Mali. The article is based on desktop research. FR: Défis politiques et incertitudes sécuritaires à la veille des elections legislatives au Mali (22 Novembre 2013)
EN: Putting an end to recurring political tensions Dakar-based junior fellow Kilo Lidawo lays the in Togo (20 November 2013) groundwork for planned research for a pre-election analysis.The work is the result of desktop research. FR: Mettre fin aux tensions politiques récurrentes au Togo (20 Novembre 2013)
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EN: Nigeria pulls out of MINUSMA: Protest or Pretoria-based junior fellow Mouhamadou Kane prioritisation of domestic security? analyses the issues that influenced Nigeria to pull (15 November 2013) its troops out of MINUSMA. The article is based on desktop research. FR: Le retrait du Nigéria de la MINUSMA: Colère contre les Nations Unies ou exigencies de sécurité interne? (15 Novembre 2013)
EN: Mali's post-election challenges Dakar-based senior researcher Lori-Anne Théroux- (4 September 2013) Bénoni and junior fellow Baba Dakono examine the challenges that face Mali after the presidential poll. FR: Les défis de l’après election au Mali (4 Septembre 2013)
EN : Have sub-regional organisations Nairobi-based junior fellow Gino Vlavonou analyses overpromised but under-delivered on the Great the role played in conflict resolution by the Lakes? (26 June 2013) International Conference on the Great Lakes Region.
EN: Who's who in Northern Mali? Dakar-based junior fellow Baba Dakono focuses on (19 June 2013) the relationships among different groups in Northern Mali and their impact on the resolution of FR: Qui est qui au Nord Mali? (19 Juin 2013) the crisis in the north.
EN: Enhancing Africa's responsiveness to crisis Senior researcher Lori-Anne Théroux-Bénoni situations? (3 June 2013) analyses a new tool used by the African Peace and Security Architecture (APSA), the African Capacity FR: Une reactivité accrue de l’Afrique aux for Immediate Response to Crises. situations de crise? (3 Juin 2013)
EN: Lessons from the Malian crisis for the Dakar-based senior researcher Lori-Anne Théroux- international security architecture Bénoni analyses the joint actions of the UN, AU and (15 April 2013) ECOWAS in Mali and recommends improvements to the international security architecture. FR: L’architecture sécuritaire internationale à l’épreuve de la crise malienne (15 Avril 2013)
EN: Stabilising Northern Mali: Different approach Dakar senior researcher Lori-Anne Thréoux-Bénoni to peace operations aims, in this theoretical piece, to elucidate the (12 March 2013) important doctrinal differences between the peacekeeping and peace support operations.
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FR: Stabiliser le Nord Mali: Différentes approaches des operations de paix (12 Mars 2013)
EN: Sierra Leone: An election without violence This work is the result of the experience of Dakar- (27 February 2013) based intern Awa Faye Daou as an ECOWAS observer of the November elections in Sierra FR: Sierra Leone: Une élection sans violence Leone. (27 Février 2013)
EN: New negotiations brokered by Sant’Egidio: This work by Dakar-based intern Paulin Maurice Hope for Peace in Casamance (Senegal)? (4 Toupane is the result of desktop research and December 2012) preliminary interviews prior to in depth field research in Casamance. FR: Nouvelles negotiations sous l’égide de Sant’egidio: Un espoir de paix en Casamance? (4 Décembre 2012)
West Africa Report (formerly fhe ECOWAS Peace and Security Report)
EN : Forthcoming This piece, written by the last cohort of fellows and researchers Ibahim Maiga and Ella Abatan with FR : Forthcoming Wililam Assanvo and Lori-Anne Théroux-Bénoni, presents in detail the finding of the Mali youth radicalisation study. It not only analyses the reasons why some young people joined ‘jihadist’ groups but also why and how they remained in and then left the groups.
EN : Assessing the Multinational Joint Task Force against Boko Haram (31 August 2016) After conducting field research Dakar-based senior researcher William Assanvo and junior FR : La Force multinationale de lutte contre fellows Ella Jeannine A Abatan and Wendyam Boko Haram : quel bilan ? (31 Août 2016) Aristide Sawadogo assess the operationalisation of the Multinational Joint Task Force against Boko Haram.
EN : Armed groups in Mali: Beyond the labels (20 June 2016) Dakar junior researcher Ibrahim Maïga analyses the dynamics prevailing in Malian armed groups. This FR : Groupes armés au Mali : Au-delà des piece is the result of field research. étiquettes (20 Juin 2016)
FR : Les enjeux des elections de 2016 au Niger Pretoria senior researcher David Zounmenou and (16 Février 2016) Dakar-based junior fellow Cheikh Dieng analyse issues surrounding elections in Niger.
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EN : Is Côte d’Ivoire facing religious radicalism? This piece by Dakar-based senior researcher (27 July 2015) William Assanvo, supported by the Government of Côte d’Ivoire and in partnership with Ivorian FR : La Côte d’Ivoire est-elle confrontée au researchers, is the result of field research. radicalisme religieux? (22 Juillet 2015)
EN : Benin’s maritime security challenges in the This piece by Dakar-based senior researcher Gulf of Guinea (8 June 2015) Barthélemy Blédé and junior fellows Fatimata Ouédraogo and Ousmane Aly Diallo is the result of FR : Le Bénin face à l’insécurité maritime dans field research. le golfe de Guinée (2 juin 2015)
EN: Benin elections: The waiting game This piece was commissioned externally but was (15 December 2014) reviewed and edited by senior researcher Lori-Anne Théroux-Bénoni and junior fellow Esso-Wédeou FR: Élections au Bénin: Entre calculs politiques Gnamke. et incertitudes (15 Décembre 2015)
EN: Politicians talk past each other as Togo's This piece is the result of field research conducted 2015 elections approach (31 October 2014) by the Dakar-based senior researcher Amandine Gnanguênon and junior researcher Paulin Maurice FR: Dialogue de sourds au Togo à l’approche Toupane. Dakar-based junior fellow Esso-Wèdeou des élections de 2015 Gnamke also contributed to the publication through (31 Octobre 2014) desktop research and writing.
EN: Risks ahead of the constitutional Dakar-based senior researcher William Assanvo, referendum in Burkina Faso (August 2014) junior fellow Ibrahim Maïga and ISS-Pretoria senior researcher David Zounmenou compiled this report FR: Référendum constitutionnel à risque au from field and desktop research. Burkina Faso (June 2014)
EN: Is there a risk of a new coup in Guinea- This piece by Dakar-based senior researcher Lori- Bissau? (8 April 2014) Anne Théroux-Bénoni, junior researcher Paulin Maurice Toupane and junior fellow Marie FR: Faut-il craindre un nouveau coup d’état en Emmanuela Kabran is the result of field and Guinée-Bissau? (8 Avril 2014) desktop research.
EN: Under attack? Niger faced with religious The results of field and desktop research conducted
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extremism and terrorism (30 September 2013) by Dakar-based junior fellow Lidawo Kilo, Dakar- based junior researcher Maurice Toupane and FR: Dans l’oeil du cyclone? Le Niger face à Pretoria-based senior researcher David l’extrémisme religieux et au terrorisme Zounmenou. (30 Septembre 2013)
EN: Ghana: The land question in El-dorado This work is the result of field research done by (28 August 2013) Nancy Annan, a researcher from the Kofi Annan Peacekeeping Training Centre; Ato Onoma, head of FR: Ghana: la question foncière dans l’El the African Centre for Peace and Security Training, Dorado (28 Août 2013) Institute for Security Studies; and Dakar-based junior fellow Marie Emmanuela Kabran.
EN: A tenuous solution in Mali: Between internal This piece is the result of field research conducted constraints and external pressures (15 July by Dakar-based senior researcher Lori-Anne 2013) Théroux-Bénoni. Dakar-based junior fellow Baba Dakono supported the project by conducting FR: Fragile sortie de crise au Mali: Entre desktop research and telephone interviews. contraintes internes et pressions externes (15 Juillet 2013)
EN: Ending the political stalemate in Guinea? This piece is the result of field research conducted (30 June 2013) by Pretoria-based senior researcher David Zounmenou and Dakar-based junior fellow Paulin FR: Comment sortir la Guinée de l’impasse? (30 Maurice Toupane. juin 2013)
EN: Mali: Make peace while preparing for war The first issue of a new publication launched by the (29 October 2012) Dakar office of the ISS with the support of the IDRC. It is the result of field and desktop research FR: Mali : Faire la paix en préparant la guerre conducted by the senior researchers from Dakar (29 Octobre 2012) and Pretoria, Lori-Anne Théroux-Bénoni and David Zounmenou, and was written with the support of the two Dakar-based IDRC interns, Paulin Maurice Toupane and Awa Faye Daou.
Peace and Security Council Reports
EN: Ebola threatens social and political stability This country analysis was written by IDRC junior in affected countries fellows Fatimata Ouédraogo and Tity Agbahey with (Issue 63, 31 October 2014) senior researcher William Assanvo.
EN : Situation analysis: Algiers talks a key step towards lasting peace in Mali This country analysis was written by IDRC junior
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(Issue 61, 28 August 2014) fellows Ibrahim Maïga and Ouédraogo Fatimata with senior researcher William Assanvo. FR: Analyse de situation: Les pourparlers d’Alger, un tournant pour la paix durable au Mali (Numéro 61, 28 Août 2014)
EN: Mission analysis: African Union Mission for This mission analysis was written by IDRC junior Mali and the Sahel (MISAHEL) fellows Ousmane Aly Diallo, Esso-Wédeou (Issue 58, May 2014) Gnamké, Tity Agbahey, Ibrahim Maiga, Ouédraogo Fatimata with junior researcher, Paulin Maurice FR: Analyse mission: La Mission de l’Union Toupane and senior researcher, Amandine Africaine pour le mali et le Sahel (MISAHEL) Gnanguênon. (Numéro 58, Mai 2014)
EN: Guinea-Bissau Country analysis This country analysis was written by Dakar-based (Issue 56, March 2014) junior researcher Maurice Toupane, Dakar-based junior fellow Marie Emmanuela Kabran and senior FR: Analyse pays Guinée-Bissau (Numéro 56, researcher Lori-Anne Théroux-Bénoni. Mas 2014)
EN: Central African Republic Country Analysis This country analysis was written by IDRC junior (Issue 55, February 2014) fellows Baba Dakono and Lidawo Kilo with senior researcher Amandine Gnanguênon. FR: Analyse pays: République Centrafricaine (Numéro 55, Février 2014)
EN: African-led International Support Mission in This mission analysis was written jointly by Marie Central African Republic (AFISM-CAR) (Issue Emmanuela Kabran, IDRC junior fellow from Dakar, 51, October 2013) and Mahamadou Kane, junior fellow from Pretoria, with junior researcher Paulin Maurice Toupane, and FR: La Mission international de soutien à la was reviewed by senior researcher from Pretoria République Centrafricaine sous conduit Africaine David Zounmenou. (MISCA) (Numéro 51, Octobre 2013)
EN: Mali Country Analysis (Issue 50, 30 This country analysis was written by IDRC junior September 2013) fellows from Dakar, Marie Emmanuela Kabran, Baba Dakono and Kilo Lidawo and Pretoria, FR: Analyse pays: Mali (Numéro 50, Septembre Mahamadou Kane with junior researcher Paulin 2013) Maurice Toupane and senior researcher Lori-Anne Théroux-Bénoni.
EN: Guinea Conakry Country Analysis (Issue 48, This country analysis was written by IDRC junior July 2013) fellows from Dakar, Emmanuela Kabran and Kilo Lidawo and Pretoria-based Mahamadou Kane, with FR: Analyse pays: Guinée Conakry (Numéro 48, junior researcher Paulin Maurice Toupane. It was
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Juillet 2013) reviewed by David Zounmenou, senior researcher, Pretoria.
EN: Mali Country Analysis (Issue 47, 4 June This analysis was written by IDRC junior fellows 2013) from Dakar, Marie Emmanuela Kabran, Kilo Lidawo and Baba Dakono, with junior researcher Paulin FR: Analyse pays Mali (Numéro 47, Juin 2013) Maurice Toupane. It was reviewed by Lori-Anne Théroux-Bénoni, senior researcher, Dakar.
EN: Guinea-Bissau Country Analysis (Issue 45, This country analysis was written jointly by IDRC April 2013) junior fellows from Addis, Lucie Boucher and Dakar, Paulin Maurice Toupane. It was reviewed by the FR: Analyse pays Guinée-Bissau (Avril 2013) Pretoria and Dakar senior researchers.
EN: Mali Country Analysis (Issue 43, Feb 2013) This country analysis was entirely drafted by Dakar interns Awa Faye Daou and Paulin Maurice FR: Analyse pays Mali (Numéro 43, Fev 2013) Toupane and reviewed by two senior researchers, David Zounmenou and Lori-AnneThéroux-Bénoni.
EN: Mali Country Analysis (Issue 40, Nov 2012) This country analysis was written by the two IDRC interns under the supervision of the Dakar senior FR: Analyse pays Mali (Numéro 40, Nov 2012) researcher. The interns particularly worked onscenario development and options.
Policy Briefs
EN : Mali's young 'jihadists': Fuelled by faith or This piece analyses the reasons why young circumstance? (26 August 2016) Malians become involved in jihadist groups. It is the results of field research collaboratively undertaken FR : Jeunes « djihadistes » au Mali : Guidés par by Lori-Anne Théroux-Bénoni, William Assanvo, la foi ou par les circonstances ? Ibrahim Maïga, Jeannine Ella A Abatan, Fatimata (26 Août 2016) Ba, Patrick Olivier Gnonsekan, Aïssatou Kanté, Kadiatou Yacouba Keïta, Wendyam Aristide Sawadogo, along with Modibo Galy Cissé, Aboubacar Diallo, Bréma Ély Dicko, Amadou dit Samba Cissé, Yacouba Dogoni, Fodié Tandjigora and Aly Tounkara.
EN : Sahel strategies: Why coordination is This analysis, produced by ISS in collaboration with imperative (12 March 2015) ECDPM, was written by Dakar-based-senior researcher Lori-Anne Théroux-Bénoni, junior FR : Stratégies Sahel : L'impératif de la researcher Ibrahim Maiga, junior fellow Fatimata coordination (12 mars 2015) Ouédraogo and deputy head of ECDPM Dr Damien
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Helly, Junior Policy officer of ECDPM Greta Galeazzi.
Situation reports
EN : Mali in the aftermath of the French military This situation report, which is the result of field intervention: New opportunities or back to research, was written by senior researcher Lori- square one? (25 February 2013) Anne Théroux-Bénoni. The work was done with the support of the International Development Research FR : Le Mali au lendemain de l’opération Centre of Canada, the Hanns Seidel Foundation militaire française : Nouvelles opportunités ou (Ghana office) and the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of retour à la case départ ? (25 Février 2013) Luxembourg.
Spotlight
Spotlight: New evidence on extremism informs How the findings of the youth radicalisation policy in the Sahel, (22 March 2017) research in Mali contributed to changing the discourse about violent extremism in Mali and elsewhere in West Africa.
Spotlight: Building the next generation of West A mid-term assessment of the IDRC fellowship African policy researchers, (04 May 2016) project and how it contributes to enhancing the capacity of future human security experts.
In their words: Mapping Sahel security threats How ISS’s work on Sahel security and governance- (17 Feb 2016) mapping contributed to giving policy-makers a clear understanding of approaches deployed in the region.
Spotlight: New research on religious radicalism An overview of how ISS’s study of religious in Côte d'Ivoire informs policy (25 Juin 2015) radicalism in Côte d’Ivoire gave national authorities a deeper understanding of religious dynamics in the country.
View on Africa
From euphoria to crisis in The Gambia (18 Dakar-based researcher Paulin Maurice Toupane January 2017) analyses developments, regional and international mediation efforts and the risks of a possible military intervention after President Yahya Jammeh’s defeat.
Mali’s young ‘jihadists’ (2 November 2016) New research conducted by the entire Dakar-based research team as well as Malian consultants was presented by office director Lori-Anne Théroux- Bénoni. It assessed the role played by religion and unemployment in encouraging young Malians to join jihadist groups. The research findings challenge conventional wisdom on an issue that is crucial to stability in Mali and its neighbours.
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Dakar-based researcher Ibrahim Maiga reviews the Mali's long road to peace (22 June 2016) main events that marked the first year of the June 2015 peace agreement and discusses its future.
Can Mali's fragile peace hold? (3 February 2016) Dakar-based researcher Ibrahim Maiga assesses the political and security situation in Mali since the signing of the peace agreement of June 2015, focusing on the progress made and challenges that remain.
SEMINAR REPORTS
What drives Mali’s Young’ jihadists’ ? (27 Oct The results of a study undertaken in 2016 in Mali of 2016) the factors leadiing to the involvement of young people in violent extremist groups in the country.
Assessing MNJTF’s fight against Boko Haram An analysis of recent developments and regional (31 Aug 2016) responses to Boko Haram. The ISS’s West Africa Report assessing the MNJTF’s progress was launched at the seminar.
À quand le retour de la paix au Mali? (20 June The ISS’s most recent West Africa Report on armed 2016) groups in Mali was launched at this seminar at which discussions focused on the security threat gaining ground in the northern and central regions of the country.
Fishing for solutions in the south of Senegal (17 The conclusions of a report on illegal fishing in Nov 2015) Senegal were discussed at this closed seminar, which provided an opportunity for Senegal’s maritime officials, professionals and members of civil society to share their views.
Mali – Making Peace while Preparing for War The two main tasks entrusted to Mali’s transitional (08 Nov 2017) government were discussed. The tasks were the management of the crisis in the north and the organisation of the presidential election. The seminar offered participants an opportunity to analyse the dynamics in the north with regard to the financing of terrorist groups and the interaction between these groups and the population.
Is religious radicalism a threat in Côte d'Ivoire? This seminar presented the main findings of a study (22 Jun 2015) of religious radicalism conducted by the ISS in Côte d'Ivoire.
Containing the risk: Election prospects in six The contexts, issues and risks related to electoral West African countries (28 Nov 2014) processes in Nigeria, Togo, Benin, Côte d'Ivoire, Guinea and Burkina Faso were presented, drawing on ISS and International Crisis Group research in each country.
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Mapping criminal governance and organised The key findings of an ISS research project that crime in Dakar and Cape Town (20 Aug 2014) mapped criminal governance and developed case studies of various criminal enterprises in Dakar and Cape Town were presented, with a focus on organised crime in Dakar.
Humanitarian and development assistance in Speakers identified key issues and lessons learnt in northern Mali: Key issues and lessons learnt (24 Mali since the 2012 crisis. Mar 2014)
The challenges of the return to constitutional Issues related to the return to constitutional order order in Guinea-Bissau (29 Jan 2014) following the coup of April 2012 in Guinea-Bissau were discussed at this seminar, which was based on research conducted by the ISS Dakar team in the country. The seminar also addressed the progress of the electoral process, the challenges and risks surrounding the process, the role of international actors, the internal dynamics among members of ECOWAS and the causes of recurrent coups d’état.
Niger: Surviving in a challenging neighbourhood Drawing on recent field research conducted by ISS (07 Aug 2013) in Niamey, Niger, this seminar analysed the difficulties Niger faces in this challenging neighbourhood.
Religious radicalism and terrorist threats in This seminar provided a forum for discussion of the Senegal (23 May 2013) results of a study conducted in Senegal in February and March 2013 on religious radicalism and terrorist threats.
The implications of military intervention for the The main issues covered by the presenters and Malian crisis (08 Feb 2013) participants were published on 25 February 2013 in an ISS Situation Report entitled Mali in the aftermath of the French military intervention: New opportunities or back to square one?
Projects for partners
Condidential note #2 for international actor in An analysis of the composition of the November Guinea-Bissau who wishes to remain government of Umaru Cissoko and its implications anonymousl for the upcoming ECOWAS summit.
Condidential note #1 for international actor in An analysis of the political deadlock in Guinea- Guinea-Bissau who wishes to remain Bissau and key policy priorities that should remain anonymous at the centre of the political process.
Youth, Unemployment and Radicalisation in The project, funded by the Japan International Mali: Implications for development partners Cooperation Agency, aims to determine whether (January 2016) there is a link between unemployment and radicalisation in Mali.
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AfDB Polical Watch Brief The African Development Bank (AfDB) Political (April, June, October, December 2015) Watch Brief is a quarterly publication designed to provide middle and senior management of AfDB with updated information about major political developments linked to electoral processes in West Africa.
Casamance: Implementation challenges and key This report, commissioned by the Japan issues for JICA’s Consideration International Cooperation Agency, is the result of (24 March 2015) field research conducted simultaneously in Casamance by Dakar- based junior researcher Paulin Maurice Toupane and two consultants and in Dakar by the office head, Lori-Anne Théroux- Bénoni, and senior researcher William Assanvo as well as former IDRC junior fellows Fatimata Ouedraogo and Ousmane Aly Diallo as consultants. It was written with the help of Dakar-based junior researcher Ibrahim Maïga.
Power Point For ECOWAS This presentation was created by IDRC junior (September 2014) fellows Esso-Wèdeou Gnamké, Tity Agbahey, Ibrahim Maiga, and Ouédraogo Fatimata with junior researcher Paulin Maurice Toupane and senior researchers Amandine Gnanguênon, William Assanvo, Barthelemy Blede and Lori-Anne Théroux-Bénoni.
Humanitarian and Development Assistance in This report, commissioned by JICA, is the result of Northern Mali: Key issues and lessons learnt field research conducted in Northern Mali by Dakar- (March 2014) based senior researcher Amandine Gnanguênon and junior fellow Baba Dakono. It was written by Dakar-based junior fellows Emmanuela Kabran, Kilo Lidawo, Baba Dakono, Esso-Wédeou Gnamké, Tity Agbahey, Ibrahim Maiga and Ouédraogo Fatimata, with junior researcher Paulin Maurice Toupane and senior researchers Amandine Gnanguênon, William Assanvo, and Lori-Anne Théroux-Bénoni.
African Union Herald
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‘Progress and Gaps in the African Union’s An article written by Addis Ababa-based senior Quest for Peace in Africa’, AU Herald 3, Africa: researcher Jide Okeke and junior fellow Lucie A New dawn?, January-December 2013 Boucher. The AU Herald the flagship journal of the AU Commission.
‘African Union Quest for Peace in Africa’, AU An article written by Addis Ababa-based senior Herald researcher Jide Okeke and junior fellow Lucie (March 2014) Boucher..
External publications
Case Study: The UN Multidimensional In this article, written at the request of the New Integrated Stabilization Mission in Mali York-based Center for International Cooperation (MINUSMA) and submitted to the High-level Independent Panel (5 February 2015) on Peace Operations, office head Lori-Anne Théroux-Bénoni and Dakar- based junior researcher Ibrahim Maiga analyse MINUSMA’s policy.
L’Union Africaine entre moyens financiers limités Nairobi-based junior fellow Gino Vlavonou wrote et ambitions élevées, Regard Critique 8(3), this article as an external publication. October 2013
ICC: Does politics win over justice? (17 October Nairobi-based junior fellow Gino Vlavonou wrote 2013) this article as an external publication.
10. Annexure B: Outcome monitoring
Outcomes monitoring Please provide quantitative and qualitative responses based on actual achievements (and not targets) on all relevant questions below. Please base your answer on the last year’s events only. For definitions, please refer to the last pages of this annex.
How many innovations (tools, strategies) have been identified, tested and adapted for scale with your project? __0__
Please explain:
Not applicable as this was not one of the objectives of the project
How many of these innovations (tools, strategies) have actually been deployed? __0__ Please explain:
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Not applicable as this was not one of the objectives of the project
Was a policy modified or improved thanks to your research? ☒ Yes ☐ No Please explain (including level of jurisdiction – municipal, provincial, national – and the beneficiaries of the policy in terms of gender - %men/women):
- Mali national strategy on preventing and countering violent extremism: ISS was invited to the validation workshop of the steering committee in charge of developing the national strategy and chaired one of the working groups. This enabled ISS to ensure that the members of the committee were aware of the research findings and of the policy implication of the findings.
Was your team engage in decision-making processes to directly inform regional or global debates? ☒ Yes ☐ No
If yes, how many policy processes and debates did your project influence? _5__ Please explain:
- Regional debates about violent extremism in the Sahel, for example during the Misahel-G5-Sahel two regional workshops for the development of a regional framework for preventing and countering violent extremism in 2016, at which the ISS was invited to make the inaugural presentation and present a preliminary critical mapping of P-CVE initiatives; the 2016 Dakar Forum on Peace and Security, at which the ISS was invited as a panel member for the session on violent extremism; etc.
- Debates about the stance that regional and international actors should take in relation to the crisis in Guinea-Bissau prior to the 2016 December ECOWAS summit, through direct policy advice to one of the major actors, who wanted to remain anonymous; - - Informed the regional debates over the importance of reviewing national legislation on cult authorisation at a February 2015 worshop organised by the Ivorian government at which the ISS presented the results of its religious radicalisation research and which brought together relevant actors from Burkina Faso, Mali, Senegal and Niger. - - Debate about coordination among national, regional and international actors through support for the Technical Secretariate of the Ministerial Coordination Platform for Sahel Strategy, which included several presentations of the finding of the strategic cartography of Sahel strategies and initiatives developed jointly with ECDPM, for example, during the November 2014 meeting of the ministerial platform. - - Debates about options for international action and presence in Mali following the coup, through briefings of ECOWAS, AU and UN actors involved, based on field research and publications, for example, by briefing President Pierre Buyoya, AU Special Representative of the President of the Commission, during a 2013 induction training.
Did a member of your team receive a prestigious nomination or award? ☐ Yes ☒No If yes, please provide name of the team member and of the nomination/award:
Did a member of your team participate in high-level committees or boards? ☐ Yes ☒ No If yes, please provide name of the team member and of the committee/board:
How many graduate students (Masters and PhD) has your research project supported? If possible, please include the students’ names, countries and institution. 1. Number of men graduate students supported: __0__ 2. Number of women graduate students supported: __0__
Not applicable as this was not one of the objectives of the project
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How many people were trained thanks to your project? For each section, please explain what type of people were trained (researchers, medias, community members), the percentage of women, and a brief explanation about the training.
1. To enhance their research capacities? __22 master’s holdersfrom West Africa__
- As detailed in the report, 22 junior fellows learnt how to convert desktop and field research findings into tools for policy debate and policy proposals. They developed valuable professional skills, expanded their networks and are now better equipped to undertake peace and security policy research in the Economic Community of West African States region and beyond, enabling them to work within governments, regional organisations and civil society, among other bodies.
2. To use your research results in their interactions with leaders and decision-makers/enhance their leadership skills? __#__ - Not applicable as this was not one of the objectives of the project
How many actions, individual or collective, were taken by members of affected groups based on a greater awareness of rights? Please describe briefly the context and the percentage of women (examples can be found with the descriptions): __#__
Not applicable in the context of this project
Please describe how your research has contributed to the development outcomes below, where applicable.
- Improving safety, security and inclusivity: N/A - Enhancing economic empowerment: N/A - Improving governance for better policies and services: N/A - Strengthening the generation and use of knowledge: The project contributed to the generation of endogenous knowledge about the region with the publication of more than 90 ISS and external publications online, free of charge, in French and English in the form of ISS Today, ECOWAS Peace and Security Reports/West Africa Reports, Situation Reports, Policy briefs and so on, with three additional publication currently in progress. As described above, the ISS has also made a considerable effort to ensure that findings that should inform policy reached policy-makers. - Enabling gender equity: 50% of the West African fellows trained were women, thus contributing to bulding the calacity of female policy researchers.
11. Annexure C: Media Coverage
Kindly not that since the ISS often use funds from various partners in projects that receive media coverage, it normally does not mention partners contributions to the project during media interviews. Support for projects are mentioned on publications and in presentations.
Media Name of publication, Date Reach Focus of article or Was Link (if available online) format network, etc. (global, broadcast IDRC regional, contribut national, ion local) mention ed?
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Radio British Broadcasting 7 August Regional Attacks against No Corporation (BBC) 2012 Security posts in Côte Africa d’Ivoire
Wire Agence France 9 October Global Côte d’Ivoire Ghana No Presse (AFP) 2012 trans-border security issues Radio BBC Africa 30 Regional Launch of the No http://www.bbc.com/afri October ECOWAS report: que/nos_emissions/201 2012 Mali, Making Peace 2/10/121030_linvite_drl while Preparing for War ori-anne_benoni Radio Voice of Russia 12 Global ECOWAS Summit on No November Mali and Decision to 2012 Deploy
Radio West Africa 12 Regional ECOWAS Summit on No Democracy Radio November Mali and Decision to (WADR) 2012 Deploy
Radio Voice of Russia 14 National French Military No January Intervention 2013
Online Bloomberg 16 Global Deployment of MISMA No January 2013
Print/ Jeune Afrique 22 Global l Financing of MISMA No Online January 2013 Print Japaneese News 23 National Financing of MISMA No January 2013 Radio BBC Africa 24 Regional Financing of AFIMA No http://www.bbc.com/afri January que/nos_emissions/201 2013 3/01/130124_invite.sht ml Online Integrated Regional 31 Regional Financing of AFISMA No Information January Networks (IRIN 2013 News) Bamako Radio BBC Africa 2 February Regional Briefing on the political No 213 situation in Bamako Radio Radio France 28 Global Chad president Deby No Internationale (RFI) February urges for speedy English 2013 deployment of AFISMA Radio RFI French 28 March Global The Community police No 2013 approach as response to security challenges Online Ouestaf.com 5 March Regional Follow up on Mali’s No 2013 Situation Report publication Radio Radio Futur Media 25 Local Implication of the Malian No (Senegalese Radio) February crisis in Senegal 2013 following the false bomb alert in Dakar Online Blogue de Sylvio 22 Regional Regional implication of No February the Malian crisis 2013 following the hostage taking in Cameroon
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Televi Office de la radio- 22 National Prospects to come out No sion télévision malienne February of the crisis in Mali (ORTM) 2013 Radio Burkina National March 25th National The role of governance No /Print radio and the 2013 in responding to human quotidian security challenges Observateur
Radio BBC Africa 15 April Regional Withdrawal of Chad and No 2013 UN deployment in Mali
Radio RFI English 25 April Global Authorisation of No 2013 MINUSMA
Online Bloomberg 22 May Global International Response No 2013 to the crisis in Mali
Print The Hindu 22 May National International Response No 2013 to the crisis in Mali
Print 26 May National Security Situation and No The Yomiuri 2013 the re-hatting of Shimbun AFISMA into MINUMA (Japan’s largest newspaper) Radio Choc FM 5 July Local Elections in Mali and No 2013 summer school on Mali
Print La Croix 1 August National Challenges for the No 2013 Malian president-elect Radio Radio Senegal 13 August National Election of IBK and No Internationale 2013 recognition of his defeat by Soumi Print Jeune Afrique 28 August Global Malian Army No 2013 Radio RFI English 6 Global Nomination of Mali new No September Prime minister 2013 Print Jeune Afrique 13 Global Malian Army No http://www.jeuneafrique September .com/136065/politique/ 2013 mali-ibk-face-l-arm-e/ Print/ Mail & Guardian 23 National Mali’s post election No Online newspaper September challenges 2013 Radio BBC Africa 9 October Regional Terrorist Attacks in No 2013 Tombouctou school on Mali Radio BBC Africa 12 Regional Mali’s security situation No October 2013 Print/ The Christian 11 Global Risks linked to the No Online science monitor November Parliamentary elections 2013 in Mali
Print Der Standard 20 National Risks linked to the No November Parliamentary elections 2013 in Mali
Radio BBC Africa 28 Regional No Policy analysis the November arrest of General
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2013 Sanogo in Mali Print The Beacon 19 National African Capacity for No December Immediate Response to 2013 Crisis
Televi France 24 30 Regional Sommet de l’Union No sion January africaine: les renforts 2014 vivement attendus en RCA Radio RFI 12 May Global Boko Haram No 2014
Print Markus Schönherr 21 June National Boko Haram No (Foreign 2014 Correspondent Luxemburger Wort) Online Ouestaf.com 29 June Regional African Standby Force No 2014
Radio BBC World July 2014 Global French military No operation Serval Radio RFI July 2014 Global French military No Operation Barkhane Radio WADR August Regional Security challenges in No 2014 Africa Televi SenTV (Senegalese August National Mappinp criminal No sion Television chanel) 2014 governance and organised crime in Dakar and Cape research project Print/ Le Monde September Global Written interview on No http://www.lemonde.fr/a Online 2014 Boko Haram frique/article/2014/09/0 5/le-nigeria-a-cours-de- solutions-pour-juguler- boko- haram_4482954_3212. html Radio BBC Africa September Regional Boko Haram No 2014 Print Russian 30 National Ebola Epidemic No International Affairs October Council (RIAC) 2014 Radio RFI France 30 Regional Political Situation in No October Burkina Faso 2014 Radio SABC (South Africa) 31 Political Situation in No October Burkina Faso 2014 Radio RFI France 31 Regional Political Situation in No October Burkina Faso 2014 Kaya FM Radio 31 Local Political Situation in No (South Africa) October Burkina Faso 2014 Print Guardian UK 31 Regional Political Situation in No October Burkina Faso 2014 Radio RFI France 31 Regional Political Situation in No October Burkina Faso 2014
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Televi TV5 France 31 Regional Political Situation in No sion October Burkina Faso 2014 Televi France Culture 1 Political Situation in No sion Novembre Burkina Faso 2014 Wire/ AFP 1 Regional Political Situation in No Online November Burkina Faso 2014 Print The Daily Maverick 3 National Political Situation in No (South Africa) November Burkina Faso 2014 Radio RFI English service 3 Global Political Situation in No November Burkina Faso 2014 Televi TVC News (Nigeria) 4 National Political Situation in No sion November Burkina Faso 2014 Wire Reuters 5 Global Political Situation in No http://www.reuters.com/ November Burkina Faso article/us-burkina- 2014 politics-africa-analysis- idUSKBN0IQ1ZE20141 106 Wire EFE (Spanish 6 National Political Situation in No International News November Burkina Faso Agency) 2014 Print L’Espresso (Italy) 7 Political Situation in No November Burkina Faso 2014 Radio Deutsche Welle 24 National Political Situation in No November Burkina Faso 2014 Online Reuters 28 Global Political Situation in No November Togo 2014 Radio West Africa 28 Regional Political Situation in No Democracy Radio Novembe Côte d’Ivoire (WADR) 2014 Radio Deutsche Welle National Political Situation in Mali No 11
December 2014 Radio Radio Canada 16 On Dakar International No December Forum on Peace and 2014 Security Print/ El Watan Week-end 17 On Dakar International No Online December Forum on Peace and 2014 Security & Security situation in Sahel Radio BBC January Global Boko haram No 2015
Online Le Monde Afrique 28 Global Regional Response to No http://www.lemonde.fr/a January Boko Haram frique/article/2015/02/0 2015 2/l-incertaine-force- multinationale-mixte- de-l- ua_4567795_3212.html Radio BBC Africa 30 Regional Regional Response to No January Boko Haram
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2015 Televi Francetvinfo.fr 31 Boko Haram No http://www.francetvinfo. sion January fr/monde/afrique/boko- 2015 haram/nigeria- comment-arreter-boko- haram_811515.html Radio BBC 9 February Global Boko Haram No 2015 Radio BBC Africa 16 Regional Regional Response to No February Boko Haram 2015 Radio BBC Africa 17 Regional Nigeria Politics No February 2015 Radio RFI 2 March Global Algiers Peace No 2015 Agreement
Radio Swiss Italian 9 March National Regional Response to No Radiotelevision 2015 Boko Haram (RSI) Radio RFI 11 March Global Algiers Peace Talks No 2015 Online Reuters 13 March Global Justice and No 2015 Reconciliation Côte d’Ivoire after Simone Gbagbo Radio BBC Africa 31 March Regional Nigeria Politics No 2015 Radio BBC Afica 1 April Regional Nigeria Politics No 2015 Online AFP 13 May Global Mali Peace agreement No 2015 Radio BBC Africa 18 April Regional Mali Peace agreement No 2015 Online Thinking Africa 5 June West African issues, No http://www.thinkingafric 2015 ISS-Dakar, a.org/V2/portfolio/securi Peacekeeping in french- te-humaine-gestion-de- speaking Africa, etc. crise-enjeux-de-paix- en-afrique/ Online Allafrica.com 25 June Regional West Africa Report No http://allafrica.com/stori 2015 “Religious radicalism in es/201506251731.html Côte d’Ivoire” Radio VICE News 29 June Terrorist Attacks in No https://news.vice.com/a N’Djamena (Chad) rticle/explosion-kills-11- in-chads-capital-during- anti-terrorism-operation Online Reuters 9 July Global Dynamics of the Mali No conflict
Radio Deutsche Welle 14 July National Appointments of New No 2015 Service Chiefs in Nigeria Radio Deutsch Welle 3 August National Barkhane Operation 1st No 2015 Anniversary Online VICE NEWS 12 August Boko Haram No 2015 Radio BBC Africa 24 August Regional Security situation in the No 2015 northern Mali, especially in Anefis and Kidal Televi Reuters TV 31 August Global Ivorian opposition No
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sion 2015 Radio Deutsche Welle August National Terrorist Threat in Mali No 2015 Radio BBC Africa 4 Regional Buhari declaration of N September assets 2015 Radio Turkish Radio and 5 National Buhari’s 100 days No Television September Corporation (TRT) 2015 Radio BBC Africa 14 Regional Nigeria/Boko Haram No September 2015 Radio Talk Radio 702 16 National Burkina Faso No (South Africa) September 2015 Radio RFI 16 Global Burkina Faso No September 2015 Radio Deutsche Welle 16 National Burkina Faso No http://www.dw.com/fr/c September e-qui-sera- 2015 d%C3%A9cisif-cest-la- r%C3%A9action-des- citoyens-william- assanvo/av-18721007 Radio Turkish Radio and 17 National Burkina Faso No Television September Corporation (TRT) 2015 Radio RFI 21 Global Burkina Faso No September 2015 Online IRIN NEWS 21 Global Burkina Faso No September 2015 Radio BBC AFrica 21 Regional Mali No September 2015 Radio TVC News (Nigeria) Local Burkina Faso No 22
September 2015 Radio RFI Global Burkina Faso No 22
September 2015 Online Bloomberg (Nigeria) National Burkina Faso No https://www.bloomberg. 22 com/news/articles/2015 September -09-22/burkina-faso- 2015 crisis-deepens-as- army-faces-off-with- coup-leaders Radio BBC AFRICA 29 Regional Burkina Faso No September 2015 Radio Deutsche Welle 30 National Terrorism threat in Mali No September 2015 Radio RFI (English 3 October Global Burkina Faso No service) 2015 Radio RFI (English 14 Global Burkina Faso (Progress No Service) October in inquirying the death
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2015 of Thomas Sankara)
Radio Deutshe Welle 14 National Terrorism threat in No October Centre and South of 2015 Mali Radio Radio Chine 14 Global Security situation in the No Internationale October Sahel region 2015 Radio RFI English Service 31 Global Burkina Faso :1st No October Anniversary of the 2015 ousting of Blaise Compaoré Televi Anadolu Agency 6 National Mali Crisis No sion (Turkish Agency) November 2015 Print/ Jeune Afrique 18 Regional Religious radicalization No Online November in Côte d’Ivoire 2015 Radio Voice of the Cape 18 National Skype interview with on No (South Africa) November Nigeria market 2015 bombings Online Colin Baker 19 National Religious radicalization No (Bloomberg November and the terrorist threat correspondent in 2015 in Senegal Senegal) Radio RFI Africa 19 Regional Phone discussion on No http://www.rfi.fr/afrique/ November religious radicalization 20151119-attentats- 2015 in West Africa and paris-compassion- african perspectives on selective-africains- the terrorist attacks in nigeria-boko-haram- Paris terrorisme Radio Turkish Radio and 20 National Terrorist attack in Mali No https://www.youtube.co Television November m/watch?v=zBNIhqtZ7 Corporation (TRT 2015 nw World) Radio Deutsche Welle 20 National Terrorist attack in Mali No http://www.dw.com/fr/pr November ise-dotages-au-mali- 2015 les-forces-de- s%C3%A9curit%C3%A 9-sont-elles-trop- faibles/a-18865208 Online International News 20 National Terrorist attack in Mali No Agency (MISNA) November 2015 Radio BBC Radio Wales 20 Regional Terrorist attack in Mali No November 2015 Radio RTL Niews 20 Regional Terrorist attack in Mali No November 2015 Televi France 24 (English 21 Regional Terrorist attack in Mali No sion service) November 2015 Online Xinhua News 23 Written interview on No Agency November terrorist attacks 2015 Radio MIKADO FM 23 National Terrorist attack in No (MINUSMA Radio) November Bamako 2015 Online Reuters 23 Global Terrorist attack in mali No
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November 2015 Radio kykNET (South 23 Boko Haram and Mali No Africa) November 2015 Radio BBC AFRICA 24 Regional Hamadoun Kouffa No November 2015 Televi Aljazeera 27 Global Upcoming election in No http://www.aljazeera.co sion November Burkina Faso m/news/2015/11/burkin 2015 a-faso-elections- historic-vote-matters- 151128133314329.html Radio West Africa 27 Regional Boko Haram, Bamako No Democratic Radio November attack and upcoming (WADR) 2015 elections in Burkina Faso Radio SABC 30 National Burkina Faso Elections No November 2015
Radio RFI 1 Global Burkina Faso Elections No December Results 2015 Radio RFI English service 1 Global Burkina Faso Elections No December Results 2015 Print Zemburuka 7 National Boko Haram No (Journalist, Cardiff December University, Wales, 2015 UK) Print Le Citoyen 7 Written interview on the No December political and security 2015 situation in Mali and the WAR on Niger Print Newsweek 17 The use of vigilantes to No December fight Boko Haram 2015 Online Bloomberg News 17 National Cameroon-Nigeria No (Nigeria) December relations 2015 Radio Deutsch Welle 5 January National Interview on sending of No 2016 650 German soldiers to MINUSMA Radio RFI 16 Global Interview on the terrorist No January attacks in 2016 Ouagadougou Print/ Peter Fabricius 16 National Interview on the terrorist No Online (Independent January attacks in Newspapers, South 2016 Ouagadougou Africa) Radio RedaktionsNetzwerk 19 National Interview on the terrorist No Deutschland (RND) January attacks in 2016 Ouagadougou Radio Deutsche Welle 19 National Interview on the terrorist No (DW) January attacks in 2016 Ouagadougou Radio Deutsche Welle 20 National Interview on the terrorist No (DW) January attacks in 2016 Ouagadougou Radio RedaktionsNetzwerk 21 National Interview on the political No
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Deutschland (RND) January and security situation in 2016 Northern Mali Print El Pais 22 National Interview on Terrorism No January in West Africa 2016 Radio Voice of America 27 National Interview on counter- No January terrorist measures 2016 recently adopted by Senegal Radio Channel Africa 12 National Interview on Boko No Radio (South Africa) February Haram 2016 Print/ La Presse (Canada) 18 Interview on Boko No Online February Haram evolution in 2017 Cameroon Online World Magazine 29 Interview on US No February assistance to Nigeria on 2017 the fight against Boko Haram Radio Voice of America 1 March National Interview on Côte No 2016 d’Ivoire-Burkina Faso Relationships Radio West Africa 4 March regional Interview on the terrorist No Democracy Radio 2016 threat in Senegal (WADR) Radio TRT World 6 March National Interview on Benin No 2016 election Radio BBC World 7 March Regional Interview on Benin No 2016 election
Radio Deutsch Welle 14 March National Interview on the terrorist No 2016 attack in Côte d’Ivoire Radio West Africa 14 March Regional Interview on the terrorist No Democracy Radio 2016 attack in Côte d’Ivoire (WADR) Online IRIN News 14 March Regional Interview on the terrorist No http://www.irinnews.org 2016 attack in Côte d’Ivoire /fr/actualit%C3%A9s/20 16/03/14/les-attentats- sont-ils-la-nouvelle- norme-en-c%C3%B4te- d%E2%80%99ivoire http://www.irinnews.org /news/2016/03/14/ivory -coast-attack-new- normal Televi Al Jazeera 14 March Global Interview on the terrorist No sion 2016 attack in Côte d’Ivoire Radio ANN7 (South Africa) 14 March National Interview on the terrorist No 2016 attack in Côte d’Ivoire Radio SA Fm (South 14 March National Interview on the terrorist No African Broadcasting 2016 attack in Côte d’Ivoire Coorporation - SABC) Radio Voice of America 15 March National Interview on the terrorist No http://www.voanews.co News 2016 attack in Côte d’Ivoire m/a/economic-partners- stand-by-ivory-coast- after-terror- attack/3239015.html Print/ Jeune Afrique 15 March Regional Interview on the terrorist No Online 2016 attack in Côte d’Ivoire
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Radio SA Fm (South 15 March National Interview on the terrorist No African Broadcasting 2016 attack in Côte d’Ivoire Coorporation - SABC) Radio Deutsche Welle 16 March National Interview on the terrorist No 2016 attack in Côte d’Ivoire Radio Deutsche Welle 17 March National Interview on the terrorist No 2016 attack in Côte d’Ivoire Radio Voice of America 17 March National Interview on the terrorist No 2016 attack in Côte d’Ivoire Online UN Dispatch 17 March Interview on the terrorist No 2016 attack in Côte d’Ivoire Print Journal du Mali 25 March National Interview on the terrorist No 2016 threat in Mali Print Intelligence 1 April National Interview on terrorist No Magazine 2016 threath in WA
Radio West Africa 2 April Regional Interview on the 2nd No Democracy Radio 2016 anniversary of the (WADR) abduction of Chibok girls Online Worldmag.com 7 April National Interview on Nigeria No (USA) 2016 plans to rehabilitate Boko Haram fighters Radio Channel Africa 8 April National Interview on Nigeria No Radio (South Africa) 2016 plans to rehabilitate Boko Haram fighters Print Journal du Mali 12 April National Interview on Malian No 2016 armed forces Radio BBC Africa 13 May Global Interview on the 2nd No http://www.bbc.com/afri 2016 anniversary of the que/nos_emissions/201 Chibok girls abduction 6/04/160414_linvite Online Diplomatic Observer 15 May National Interview on Boko No Magazine (Turkey) 2016 Haram
Print Journal du Mali 19 May National Interview on the security No 2016 situation in the centre of Mali Online World Magazine 23 May Interview on the second No 2016 security summit held in Abuja (Nigeria) Radio West Africa 20 June Regional Interview with the first No Democracy Radio 2016 anniversary of the Mali’s (WADR) peace agreement Online IRIN NEWS 20 June Regional Interview with the first No 2016 anniversary of the Mali’s peace agreement Radio BBC AFRICA 20 June Regional Interview with the first No 2016 anniversary of the Mali’s peace agreement Radio Deutsche Welle 27 June National Interview on Ansar No 2016 Dine’s (terrorist group) recent video Online Ouestaf.com 27 June Interview on the No http://www.beninto.info/ 2016 Terrorist Threat in West 2016/07/13/afrique-de- Africa louest-la-menace- terroriste-est- multiforme/ Radio BBC 8 July Regional TV Interview the No 2016 terrorist threat in
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Senegal Radio World Mag 28 July Phone interview on No 2016 Boko Haram Radio Voice of America - 2 National Radio Interview on Mali No http://www.voanews.co VOA September policy brief m/a/in-northern-mali- 2016 youth-feel-left-out-of- progress/3503529.html Radio Deutsche welle 28 National No September 2016 Radio Mikado 18 National Interview on “Mali’s No https://soundcloud.com/ October young “Jihadists” fueled mikado-fm/table-ronde- 2016 by faith or les-raisons-invoquees- circumstances” par-les-jeunes-maliens- qui-rejoignent-les- goupes-djihadistes Online Abribonemali.net 18 National Interview on “Mali’s No http://www.afribonemali October young “Jihadists” fueled .net/spip.php?article75 2016 by faith or 451 circumstances” Televi ORTM, Mali 19 National Press Conference on No https://www.youtube.co sion National TV October “Mali’s young “Jihadists” m/watch?v=q9IfgfNl57 2016 fueled by faith or E circumstances” Print Mali – Flash Infos 19 National Press Conference on No October “Mali’s young “Jihadists” 2016 fueled by faith or circumstances” Radio Voice of America 19 National Press Conference on No http://www.voanews.co October “Mali’s young “Jihadists” m/a/in-northern-mali- 2016 fueled by faith or youth-feel-left-out-of- circumstances” progress/3503529.html Radio Mikado FM, 19 National Press Conference on No https://soundcloud.com/ October “Mali’s young “Jihadists” mikado-fm/la-religion- 2016 fueled by faith or pas-le-principal-facteur- circumstances” de-ralliement-des- jeunes-maliens-aux- groupes-djihadistes
Online Koulouba.com 19 National Press Conference on No https://koulouba.com/cri October “Mali’s young “Jihadists” se-malienne/jeunes- 2016 fueled by faith or djihadistes-au-mali- circumstances” entre-foi-et- circonstances
Radio Chaine 2 19 National Press Conference on No October “Mali’s young “Jihadists” 2016 fueled by faith or circumstances” Radio Radio Klédu 19 Local Press Conference on No October “Mali’s young “Jihadists” 2016 fueled by faith or circumstances” Radio Radio patriote, 19 Local Press Conference on No interview on local October “Mali’s young “Jihadists” tongues 2016 fueled by faith or circumstances” Radio Radio Nassiraouilé, 19 Local Press Conference on No interview on local October “Mali’s young “Jihadists” tongues 2016 fueled by faith or
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circumstances” Print Essor 19 National Press Conference on No October “Mali’s young “Jihadists” 2016 fueled by faith or circumstances” Print Aujourd’hui 19 National Press Conference on No October “Mali’s young “Jihadists” 2016 fueled by faith or circumstances” Print/ Infos matin 19 National Press Conference on No Online October “Mali’s young “Jihadists” 2016 fueled by faith or circumstances” Print Afribone 19 National Press Conference on No October “Mali’s young “Jihadists” 2016 fueled by faith or circumstances” Print/ Le Combat 19 National Press Conference on No Online October “Mali’s young “Jihadists” 2016 fueled by faith or circumstances” Print/ Soir de Bamako 19 National Press Conference on No Online October “Mali’s young “Jihadists” 2016 fueled by faith or circumstances” Print/ Nouvel Horizon 19 National Press Conference on No Online October “Mali’s young “Jihadists” 2016 fueled by faith or circumstances” Print/ Indicateur du 19 National Press Conference on No Online renouveau October “Mali’s young “Jihadists” 2016 fueled by faith or circumstances” Print/ Le Républicain 19 National Press Conference on No Online October “Mali’s young “Jihadists” 2016 fueled by faith or circumstances” Print/ Les échos 19 National Press Conference on No Online October “Mali’s young “Jihadists” 2016 fueled by faith or circumstances” Print/ Le Repère 19 National Press Conference on No Online October “Mali’s young “Jihadists” 2016 fueled by faith or circumstances” Print/ L’indépendant 19 National Press Conference on No Online October “Mali’s young “Jihadists” 2016 fueled by faith or circumstances” Print/ Le reporter 19 National Press Conference on No Online October “Mali’s young “Jihadists” 2016 fueled by faith or circumstances” Print La boussole 19 National Press Conference on No October “Mali’s young “Jihadists” 2016 fueled by faith or circumstances” Print Le débat 19 National Press Conference on No October “Mali’s young “Jihadists” 2016 fueled by faith or circumstances”
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Print Le caiman de Indé 19 National Press Conference on No October “Mali’s young “Jihadists” 2016 fueled by faith or circumstances” Print L’inspecteur 19 National Press Conference on No October “Mali’s young “Jihadists” 2016 fueled by faith or circumstances” Print L’Agora 19 National Press Conference on No October “Mali’s young “Jihadists” 2016 fueled by faith or circumstances” Print Nouvelle Patrie 19 National Press Conference on No October “Mali’s young “Jihadists” 2016 fueled by faith or circumstances” Print Politicien Africain 19 National Press Conference on No October “Mali’s young “Jihadists” 2016 fueled by faith or circumstances” Print Le Katois 19 National Press Conference on No October “Mali’s young “Jihadists” 2016 fueled by faith or circumstances” Print Le Patriote 19 National Press Conference on No October “Mali’s young “Jihadists” 2016 fueled by faith or circumstances” Print Le Point 19 National Press Conference on No October “Mali’s young “Jihadists” 2016 fueled by faith or circumstances” Print L’Express de 19 National Press Conference on No http://malijet.com/actual Bamako October “Mali’s young “Jihadists” te_dans_les_regions_d 2016 fueled by faith or u_mali/rebellion_au_no circumstances” rd_du_mali/169253- enqu%C3%AAte-sur- les-jeunes-%C2%AB- djihadistes-%C2%BB- au-mali-iss-et-jica-sont- .html Print Le Nouveau Réveil 19 National Press Conference on No October “Mali’s young “Jihadists” 2016 fueled by faith or circumstances” Print L’aube 19 National Press Conference on No October “Mali’s young “Jihadists” 2016 fueled by faith or circumstances” Print La nouvelle 19 National Press Conference on No Expression October “Mali’s young “Jihadists” 2016 fueled by faith or circumstances” Print Le pays 19 National Press Conference on No October “Mali’s young “Jihadists” 2016 fueled by faith or circumstances” Print Le canard déchainé 19 National Press Conference on No http://www.canarddech October “Mali’s young “Jihadists” aine.com/jeunes- 2016 fueled by faith or djihadistes-au-mali- circumstances” causes-multiples-selon-
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liss/
Print Défis de femmes 19 National Press Conference on No October “Mali’s young “Jihadists” 2016 fueled by faith or circumstances” Print Le canard déchainé 19 National Press Conference on No October “Mali’s young “Jihadists” 2016 fueled by faith or circumstances” Print Le prétoire 19 National Press Conference on No October “Mali’s young “Jihadists” 2016 fueled by faith or circumstances” Print Œil du Mali 19 National Press Conference on No October “Mali’s young “Jihadists” 2016 fueled by faith or circumstances” Print Le messager 19 National Press Conference on No October “Mali’s young “Jihadists” 2016 fueled by faith or circumstances” Print Afribonemali.net 19 National Press Conference on No http://www.afribonemali Online October “Mali’s young “Jihadists” .net/spip.php?article75 2016 fueled by faith or 498 circumstances” Print Malijet.com 19 National Press Conference on No http://malijet.com/actual Online October “Mali’s young “Jihadists” te_dans_les_regions_d 2016 fueled by faith or u_mali/rebellion_au_no circumstances” rd_du_mali/168603- terrorisme_mali_securit e_jeunes.html Print Bamada.net 19 National Press Conference on No October “Mali’s young “Jihadists” 2016 fueled by faith or circumstances” Print Journal du Mali.com 19 National Press Conference on No http://www.journalduma Online October “Mali’s young “Jihadists” li.com/2016/10/19/jeun 2016 fueled by faith or e-djihadisme-mali- circumstances” facteurs-denrolemen/
Online abamako.com 19 National Press Conference on No October “Mali’s young “Jihadists” 2016 fueled by faith or circumstances” Online Maliweb.net 19 National Press Conference on No http://www.maliweb.net/ October “Mali’s young “Jihadists” insecurite/enquete- 2016 fueled by faith or jeunes-djihadistes-mali- circumstances” iss-jica-a-pied-doeuvre- 1853962.html
Online Maliweb.org 19 National Press Conference on No http://mali- October “Mali’s young “Jihadists” web.org/crise- 2016 fueled by faith or malienne/jeunes- circumstances” djihadistes-au-mali- entre-foi-et- circonstances
Print Groupenextmédias.c 19 National Press Conference on No Online om October “Mali’s young “Jihadists”
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2016 fueled by faith or circumstances” Onine Maliactu.net 19 National Press Conference on No http://maliactu.net/mali- October “Mali’s young “Jihadists” reconversion-des- 2016 fueled by faith or jeunes-maliens-au- circumstances” jihadisme-le-rapport- de-jica-et-de-liss/
Online Mali7.net 19 National Press Conference on No http://mali7.net/2016/10 October “Mali’s young “Jihadists” /26/enquete-sur-les- 2016 fueled by faith or jeunes-djihadistes-au- circumstances” mali-iss-et-jica-sont-a- pied-doeuvre-2/
Televi Africable 19 National Press Conference on No sion October “Mali’s young “Jihadists” 2016 fueled by faith or circumstances” Televi TM2 Local TV 19 National Press Conference on No https://www.youtube.co sion October “Mali’s young “Jihadists” m/watch?v=kPXA0qMi 2016 fueled by faith or K9w circumstances” Radio RFI 25 Global Invitée Afrique Soir” No http://www.rfi.fr/emissio October n/20161025-lori-anne- 2016 theroux-benoni- directrice-bureau- dakar-iss Radio RFI 25 Global “Un rapport novateur Yes http://www.rfi.fr/afrique/ October sur les motivations des 20161025-rapport- 2016 jeunes jihadistes au novateur-motivations- Mali” jeunes-jihadistes-mali
Radio Studio Tamani 25 National Interview on “Mali’s No https://www.youtube.co October young “Jihadists” fueled m/watch?v=tIrJMvd4rb 2016 by faith or o circumstances” Radio RFI 11 Global Violent Extremism No November Threat to Côte d’Ivoire 2016 Radio BBC 11 Global Violent Extremism No November Threat and religious 2016 radicalism in Côte d’Ivoire
Print The Guardian 20 National Boko Haram No https://www.theguardia November n.com/world/2016/nov/ 2016 20/nigerian-clashes- doubt-boko-haram- technically-defeated Print Le Point 6 Regional Presentation on “Mali’s No http://www.voanews.co online December young “Jihadists” fueled m/a/economic-partners- 2016 by faith or stand-by-ivory-coast- circumstances” at Dakar after-terror- forum attack/3239015.html Radio Deutsche Welle 15 National Gambia electoral crisis No December 2016 Radio Deutsche welle 9 January National Gambia post-electoral No 2017 crisis Online Ouestaf.com 9 January Written interview on No Malian crisis
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Online Ouestaf.com 10 Written an interview on No January Gambia post-electoral 2017 crisis Radio Deutsche Welle 16 Januar National Interview on Gambia No y 2017 political crisis Print Belgian freelance 19 Interview on Gambia No journalist January political crisis 2017 Print The Wall Street 19 Januar National Interview on Gambia No Online Journal y 2017 political crisis Radio Deutsche Welle 20 National Interview on Gambia No January political crisis 2017 Online Afrique Press 23 Regional Phone interview on No January Côte d’Ivoire mutinee 2017 Radio Channel Africa 24 National Phone Interview on the No (SABC) January MNJTF 2017 Radio Deutsche Welle 30 Internati Interview on No January oal reconciliation process in Gambia Radio BBC Africa 6 February Regional Interview on the G5 No http://www.bbc.com/afri 2017 summit held in Bamako que/region-38890501 Radio MIKADO FM 17 National Interview on the last No February (Mali) attack in Diema (Mali) 2017 Radio MIKADO FM 24 National Arrest of two suspected No February (Mali) terrorists linked to the 2017 Grand-Bassam attack
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