The Chuo Shinkansen Project Using the Superconducting Maglev System

Business Strategy Special Feature ESG Activity Report Financial Information Corporate Data The Chuo Shinkansen Project Using the Superconducting Maglev System

Special Feature 1 The realization of the Chuo Shinkansen using Superconducting Maglev System will contribute to the energization of Japan’s economic and social activities, making Japan’s main transportation artery between Tokyo, Nagoya, and Osaka a dual system, and merging the three major metropolitan areas into“Super Mega Region”. The Chuo Shinkansen Project Using Super Mega Region 66.48 million people GDP: 311 trillion yen*1 Kansai Region Central Region Tokyo Metropolitan Area （Osaka, Kyoto, Nara, Hyogo ） （Aichi, Gifu, Mie） （Tokyo, Kanagawa, Chiba, Saitama） Tokyo 18.30million people GDP：74trillion yen 11.42 million people GDP: 55 trillion yen 36.75 million people GDP: 182 trillion yen

the Superconducting Maglev System Shinagawa Travel Time Reduction

Shinagawa‒Nagoya：86minutes→40 minutes(fastest) *2 *2 *2 *2 Gifu Nagano Yamanashi Kanagawa Shinagawa‒Osaka :142 minutes→67 minutes(fastest) Yamanashi Maglev Line The Chuo Shinkansen Project using the undertaking high-speed, large-capacity passenger Chuo Shinkansen （42.8㎞） （Operating speed：500km/h） Superconducting Maglev System is a project transport between Tokyo, Nagoya and Osaka. Nagoya to duplicate our artery transportation system This project will also dramatically improve Tokaido Shinkansen （Trillion yen） Comparison of GDP between the three major metropolitan areas and major countries linking Tokyo, Nagoya and Osaka, which is the convenience by greatly reducing travel time due （Operating speed：285km/h） 600 400 lifeline of our business and drastically prepare for to its high-speed operations, bring significant Shin-Osaka 311trillion yen 200 risks such as aging in the future and large-scale benefits and potential for development to the 0 disasters of the Tokaido Shinkansen. This project Japanese economy and society, and ensure the Japan Three major UK France metropolitan areas *3 （Source）United Nations database, Cabinet Office“Report on will allow us to further reduce management risk long-term interests of shareholders and all other 285.6km / 5,523.5billion yen Prefectural Accounts” *Three major metropolitan areas are calculated taking the

and thus stabilize our management base, and stakeholders over a long period of time. *4 *5 following prefectures into account Tokyo, Kanagawa, Chiba, 438km / 9,030.0billion yen Saitama, Aichi, Gifu, Mie, Osaka, Kyoto, Nara, Hyogo to continue to carry out our founding mission of *1 Source: [Population] Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications "Population, Demographics and Number of Households Derived from Basic Resident Registration" (As of January 1, 2020) / [GDP] Cabinet Office "Report on Prefectural Accounts" (FY2016) *2 The name of each station located in Kanagawa, Yamanashi, Nagano, and Gifu on the Chuo Shinkansen line is temporary. *3 Source: Construction Implementation Plan (Part2) of the Chuo Outline and Significance of the Chuo Shinkansen Shinkansen Section between Shinagawa and Nagoya (Mar. 2018) *4 Source: the Research Report on the Chuo Shinkansen Section between Tokyo and Osaka (Dec. 2009) *5 Source: the Development Plan (May. 2011)

We are promoting the Chuo Shinkansen Project using the an integrated manner along with the Tokaido Shinkansen. Value Provided by the Chuo Shinkansen Superconducting Maglev System based on the Nationwide We will continue to fulfill our mission into the future by reducing the three major metropolitan areas will be transformed into one Shinkansen Railway Development Act (hereinafter,“the Act”) to management risks and stabilizing our management base by mega-metropolitan area, the so-called“Super Mega Region,” where continually carry out our mission of operating a high-speed railway completing the Chuo Shinkansen Project. Furthermore, by adopting the interaction of people will be highly activated and economic Distribution map of the estimated biggest seismic intensity of the linking the Tokyo Metropolitan area, Central, and Kansai regions the Superconducting Maglev System for the Chuo Shinkansen, we and social activities will be energized, which is expected to have a Nankai Trough Large Earthquake (from Tokyo through Nagoya to Osaka), which is the lifeline of our can expect a drastic reduction in travel time between cities, and significant positive effect on our business. business, and to ensure the future foundation of the company. The Tokaido Shinkansen has been in operation for more than 55 Chuo Shinkansen Shinagawa ❶ Creation of new demand years, and while we have carried out the large-scale renovation, there is a risk of suspension due to major facility replacement In the competition between the Shinkansen and aircraft, the intermediate stations in Kanagawa, Yamanashi, Nagano, Gifu caused by future aging. Japan is an earthquake-prone country, shorter the travel time of the Shinkansen, the greater its share. prefectures, there is a possibility of significantly improving travel Nagoya Demand is therefore expected to shift from aircraft to the Chuo time and frequency between cities along the line and the three and although we have taken measures for earthquake resistance, Seismic Shinkansen due to the time reduction effect of Superconducting major cities, and increasing in the flow of people if there is room there is a risk of large-scale disasters, such as possible disruption intensity class Maglev System. In addition, the dramatic time reduction will greatly to increase the number of operations and the number of stops of Japan’s main transportation artery due to a heavy earthquake. 7 stimulate the flow between metropolitan areas, which is highly for the“Hikari” and“Kodama” by taking advantage of the extra Therefore, as a drastic measure to prepare for these future Shin-Osaka 6 upper 6 lower expected to generate new demand. transportation capacity caused by the transfer of“Nozomi” management risks, we decided to complete the Chuo Shinkansen as Tokaido Shinkansen 5 upper Furthermore, in addition to the anticipated new use of passengers to the Chuo Shinkansen. quickly as possible, under the assumption that we bear the cost of 5 lower 4 its construction, utilizing the Superconducting Maglev System which World’s fastest speed brings each area along the line closer we have developed. The Chuo Shinkansen will make Japan’s main *Source: Prepared by JR Central based on“Countermeasure against Nankai Trough Large transportation artery a dual system and JR Central will operate it in Earthquake (Final Report)” (May. 2013) 40 minutes(fastest) About 60 minutes About 45 minutes About 25 minutes About 10 minutes

Chuo Shinkansen Project as a national project Gifu Prefecture Nagano Prefecture Yamanashi Prefecture Kanagawa Prefecture Nagoya （tentative name） （tentative name） (tentative name) （tentative name） Shinagawa The Chuo Shinkansen is being constructed in accordance with the Act, capital investment, would not be hindered by application of the Act, which is a legal system for developing infrastructure essential to the nation we referred fundamental clauses regarding application of the Act to the About 15 minutes About 25 minutes About 45 minutes About 60 minutes in order to contribute to the development of the national economy, the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism (hereinafter,“MLIT”) 40 minutes(fastest) expansion of the area of Japanese people’s lives, and the development and received a reply in January 2008 indicating that those principles of local communities. Based on the Act, we received the designation would not be hindered. The possibility of using the Tokaido Shinkansen will increase Image of the Number of Operations as the operator and the order for construction from the Minister of We will take steady steps towards the successful completion of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism in May 2011, and then the this project, maintaining sound management and stable dividends and Odawara Tokyo Shin-Osaka Kyoto Maibara Gifu-Hashima Nagoya Mikawa-Anjo Shizuoka Shin-Fuji Mishima Atami Toyohashi Hamamatsu Kakegawa Shin-Yokohama Shinagawa construction implementation plan was approved by the Minister of Land, demonstrating our flexibility, while making necessary investments to Nozomi Hikari and Kodama Present Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism in October 2014. In the meanwhile, ensure safe and reliable transportation, and to enhance competitiveness (Image) The number of“Hikari” and“Kodama” will increase we have conducted environmental assessment procedures and published in the Tokaido Shinkansen and conventional lines, as well as ensure sound After starting the Stations where Nozomi, Hikari, and Kodama stop Stations where Hikari and Kodama stop Stations where Kodama stops Nozomi Hikari and Kodama operation of the Chuo the final environmental impact assessment report between Tokyo and management and provide stable dividends. We will first realize the project Shinkansen’s entire line Nagoya, which is promoted as the first stage. between Tokyo and Nagoya, where we have received approval for the ● From“Nozomi” centered timetable to“Hikari” and“Kodama” centered timetable. On the other hand, in order to confirm that the principles of a privately construction plan, and strive to further extend to Osaka. → Travel time and frequency between the cities along the line and the three major cities improves significantly. owned company, such as freedom of management and autonomy of Special22 CENTRAL JAPAN RAILWAY COMPANY Annual Report 2020 Feature CENTRAL JAPAN RAILWAY COMPANY Annual Report 2020 23 Special Feature ▶ Special Feature 1 Business Strategy ESG Activity Report Financial Information Corporate Data The Chuo Shinkansen Project Using the Superconducting Maglev System

❷ Broad ripple effects on the economy and society Implementation of Environmentally Conscious Construction Due to the overwhelming time reduction effect of the changing lifestyles such as the way people do business and spend Construction of the Chuo Shinkansen is proceeded with consideration for the surrounding environment. The main environmental Superconducting Maglev System, Tokyo - Nagoya - Osaka will be their leisure time, as well as expanding various possibilities. The conservation measures to be implemented are as follows. connected in about 1 hour, and the three major metropolitan areas final report of the“Super Mega Region Concept Study Group” Atmospheric environment Water environment Animals, plants, and Reducing the impact of vehicles used will become“Super Mega Region” with a total population of about established by MLIT titled“Creating Super Mega Region to (air quality, noise, and vibration) (water quality, water resources, and groundwater) ecosystems to transport materials and machinery 66 million, which exceeds half of Japan’s population. Overcome a Declining Population: Creating New Value through The use of low-noise and Wastewater and turbid water generated In the detailed planning of We reduce the generation This“Super Mega Region” is expected to become the core driving Liberation from Time and Place” (May 2019) presents the following low-vibration construction by construction work are discharged into construction, we avoid places of dust by cleaning and new growth for Japan, which is experiencing a declining population, as“impacts of the Chuo Shinkansen”. machinery with low exhaust public waters after taking measures such where important plant species watering the entrances, exits by broadening the scope of activities and thereby significantly emissions reduces the as treatment and neutralization to reduce grow to the extent possible and, if and surrounding roads for From the Final Report of the“Super Mega Region Concept Study Group” (May 2019) generation of nitrogen dioxide turbidity as necessary, by means of turbid it is unavoidable, we compensate vehicles used to transport and suspended particulate water treatment facilities, in accordance for the influence on the growing materials and machinery, and ● Opportunities for face-to-face interaction between people will increase and the time for interaction will expand, matter, as well as noise and with wastewater standards, etc., based environment of important species by cleaning their tires. which will lead to opportunities for creating new innovation. vibration. on laws and regulations, thereby reducing by transplanting and seeding in ● It is expected to bring about changes in business styles and lifestyles by liberating people from“time” and the impact on public waters. places with similar environments. “place”, which have been factors that restrict working and living styles, and providing a variety of options. ● Due to the integration of the three major metropolitan areas, the entire Super Mega Region will create new value and growth industries, which will increase the attractiveness of the region in inviting people and investment from overseas. Overview and Development History of Superconducting Maglev System Technology ● By organically connecting the Chuo Shinkansen, Shinkansen, and expressway networks, it is expected that Superconducting Maglev System is an advanced technology unique to the multiplicity and substitutability of the high-speed transportation network, which forms the framework Progress on the Superconducting Maglev System Technology Japan. Instead of using friction between wheels and rails as conventional JR Central applies to the Minister of Transport for approval of the of the national land policy, will be enhanced, and sustainable flow of people and goods will be secured. June 1990 railways , it runs in a non-contact manner due to the magnetic force between construction plan of the Yamanashi Maglev Line and gains approval ● It is expected that new regional revitalization will begin in the areas around the intermediate stations the Superconducting Magnet mounted on the vehicle and the coils mounted located between the three major metropolitan areas, and that the effects of the Super Mega Region April 1997 Running tests start on the Yamanashi Maglev Line will spread widely beyond areas along the Chuo Shinkansen. on the ground. In addition, to obtain the strong power of the magnets, the technology uses a superconducting magnet utilizing“the ‘superconductivity’ The Superconducting Magnetic Levitation Technological Practicality Evaluation Committee of the Ministry of Transport phenomenon in which electrical resistance vanishes when a particular *Extract and summary by JR Central of the final report of the “Super Mega Region Concept Study Group” established by MLIT (May 2019) March 2000 (hereafter, the“Evaluation Committee”) acknowledges that“there substance is brought below a certain temperature,” which enables the is potential from a technological standpoint that the technology Furthermore, according to the“National Land Policy about by the opening of the Chuo Shinkansen will have a major vehicle to levitate about 10 cm, making it possible to operate safely in could have practical applications” Simulation Model” compiled by MLIT, the productivity impact on the entire country, and will lead to the creation of earthquake-prone Japan. These features make it possible to travel at an ultra JR Central performs exercises of trains passing each other at 1,026 November 2004 improvement effects of the formation of the Super Mega new value and the sustainable growth of Japan as a whole. high speed of 500 km/h in a stable manner, unlike conventional railways. km/h relative to one another Region as a result of the opening of the Chuo Shinkansen are The Evaluation Committee of MLIT acknowledges that“the core estimated to be 3.5 trillion yen per year for the opening of the March 2005 The level of the Superconducting Maglev System Technology has been technologies for practical application have been established” line up to Nagoya, and 6.5 trillion yen per year for the opening *National Spatial Planning and Regional Policy Bureau of MLIT“FY2017 Survey evaluated in multiple stages since running tests began on the Yamanashi of the line up to Osaka*. Report on the Development of National Land Policy Simulation Model” (July Maglev Line in April 1997. In July 2009, the Superconducting Magnetic The Evaluation Committee of MLIT acknowledges that In this way, the dramatic reduction in travel time brought 2018) Levitation Technological Practicality Evaluation Committee of MLIT “the technologies required for commercial services have been established from a comprehensive and systematic July 2009 (hereinafter,“Evaluation Committee”) confirmed that the Superconducting standpoint, and it is possible to move forward with detailing Maglev System Technology had already achieved levels sufficient for the specifications for commercial services and the technical Promotion of Construction commercial service and the Minister of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and standards” Tourism established the technological standards for the Superconducting The Minister establishes the technical standards for We place importance on construction safety, environmental preservation, and cooperation with local communities, and are steadily December 2011 Maglev in December 2011. Since then, we have continued running tests, and Superconducting Maglev promoting construction of the Chuo Shinkansen in each area along the the line. in February 2017, the Evaluation Committee confirmed its evaluation that Extension of the Yamanashi Maglev Line to 42.8km and upgrading August 2013 of facilities are completed Construction of terminal stations Mountainaous tunnel construction Urban tunnel construction the technology development required for commercial lines was completed. JR Central records a travel distance of 4,064 km in one day The construction of the Shinagawa and Nagoya For tunnel construction in mountainous areas, We adopt the shield tunneling method for terminal stations involves installing a large- we adopt the New Austrian Tunneling Method tunnel construction in urban areas. The shield We will continue to make efforts to further brush up Superconducting April 2015 JR Central records the world speed record for a manned rail scale underground structure in the basement of (NATM). NATM uses shotcrete to harden tunneling method is a method in which a Maglev System Technology, including improving comfort and enhancing vehicle at 603 km/h the Tokaido Shinkansen and other lines while the surface of the ground drilled by machine cutter slowly rotates inside a protected steel The Evaluation Committee of MLIT evaluates that“the technology they are in operation, which is very difficult or blasting, bolts and concrete to fix the tube (shield machine) and excavates soil while efficiency of maintenance. We will also conduct running tests using Series L0 February 2017 development required for commercial lines was completed” and requires the utmost care and high level rock around the tunnel, and then the rock is drilling. In the construction, vertical shafts improved version and develop commercial vehicle specifications, as well as construction technology. In addition to safely integrated with the natural ground. This allows (emergency access), which are the starting Running tests start using Series L0 improved version replacing existing structures of the commercial the natural support of the natural ground to be point of the shield machine, are first drilled, work to reduce costs for the construction, operation, and maintenance of August 2020 lines, we will construct earth retaining walls used for digging. and then the shaft is laterally drilled by the commercial lines. to protect the surrounding areas. Then, we shield machine from one vertical shaft to will construct a structure that will become the another. station of the Chuo Shinkansen in the excavated underground space using the open-cut method that digs down mainly from the ground surface. History of Maglev Vehicles

MLX01-1 MLX01-901 Series L0 In order to establish commercial vehicle specifications, in August 2020 we started running tests using Series L0 improved version, which further brushed up Series L0 based on the results of running tests so far. Series L0 improved version Nagoya Station Southern Alps Tunnel (Yamanashi construction area) Shield machine assembly (North Shinagawa Emergency Access)

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