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Japan's High-Speed Rail System Between Osaka MTI Report MSTM 00-4 Japan’s High-Speed Rail System Between Osaka and Tokyo and Commitment to Maglev Technology: A Comparative Analysis with California’s High Speed Rail Proposal Between San Jose/San Francisco Bay Area and Los Angeles Metropolitan Area March 2000 Robert Kagiyama a publication of the Norman Y. Mineta International Institute for Surface Transportation Policy Studies IISTPS Created by Congress in 1991 Technical Report Documentation Page 1. Report No. 2. Government Accession No. 3. Recipients Catalog No. 4. Title and Subtitle 5. Report Date Japan’s High-Speed Rail System between Osaka and Tokyo and March 2000 Commitment to Maglev Technology: A Comparative Analysis with California’s High-Speed Rail Proposal between San Jose/San Francisco bay Area and Los Angeles Metropolitan Area 6. Performing Organization Code 7. Author 8. Performing Organization Report No. Robert Kagiyama MSTM 00-4 9. Performing Organization Name and Address 10. Work Unit No. Norman Y. Mineta International Institute for Surface Transportation Policy Studies College of Business—BT550 San José State University San Jose, CA 95192-0219 11. Contract or Grant No. 65W136 12. Sponsoring Agency Name and Address 13. Type of Report and Period Covered California Department of Transportation U.S. Department of Transportation MTM 290 March 2000 Office of Research—MS42 Research & Special Programs Administration P.O. Box 942873 400 7th Street, SW Sacramento, CA 94273-0001 Washington, D.C. 20590-0001 14. Sponsoring Agency Code 15. Supplementary Notes This capstone project was submitted to San José State University, College of Business, Master of Science Transportation Management Program as partially fulfillment for graduation. 16. Abstract The Norman Y. Mineta International Institute for Surface Transportation Policy Studies (IISTPS) at San José State University conducted this study to examine the 36 years of the first high-speed rail in the world, the Tokaido Shinkansen between Osaka and Tokyo. The report evaluates the JR Central Company’s historical financial and operating data and compares it with the California High-Speed Rail Authority’s proposal to develop a 700 mile high-speed rail network between San Diego, Los Angeles, Central Valley, San Jose, San Francisco, and Sacramento. The report also evaluates the history of maglev technology, progress made in Japan, and whether the technology is suitable for California. 17. Key Words 18. Distribution Statement Shinkansen, Bullet train, high- No restrictions. This document is available to the public through speed rail, maglev, The National Technical Information Service, Springfield, VA transportation policy, 22161 privatization, Japan Railway, 19. Security Classif. (of this report) Security Classifi. (of this page) 21. No. of Pages 22. Price Unclassified Unclassified 88 $15.00 Form DOT F 1700.7 (8-72) Copyright © 2000 by the Mineta Transportation Institute All rights reserved To order this publication, please contact the following: Mineta Transportation Institute College of Business—BT550 San José State University San Jose, CA 95192-0219 Tel (408) 924-7560 Fax (408) 924-7565 Email: [email protected] http://transweb.sjsu.edu http://transweb.sjsu.edu ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This capstone paper was prepared as partial fulfillment of the Master of Science in Transportation Management (MSTM) Program, at the College of Business, San José State University, San Jose, California. The author wishes to thank • the staff of the Office of Japan Railway & Transport Review (JRTR) for providing back issues of Japan Railway & Transport Review monthly magazine; • my sister-in-law in Kyoto, Atsuho Miki, a staff member at Kyoto University, and cousin in Tokyo, Hiroshi Yamamoto, for their personal time on weekends at libraries and bookstores to provide transportation and commuting data used in the report; • Joan Freidman, Metropolitan Transportation Commission/ABAG Head Librarian, for providing reference material; • John Barna, Assistant Director of the California High-Speed Rail Authority for providing background reports and information on the California High-Speed rail proposal; • Barney Burke, Assistant Economic Development Manager and Michael Percy, Principal Planner for the City of Mountain View for reviewing the draft and providing input; and • Rod Diridon, Executive Director of the Mineta International Institute for Surface Transportation Policy Studies and MSTM academic advisor, for his support, vision and leadership. Special appreciation is also due to my wife Chiari and our two children, Sean and Lane, who patiently traveled on the Shinkansen with me on numerous high-speed trains on the Tokaido Shinkansen Line between Osaka and Tokyo during our two-week adventure crisscrossing the Honshu region with a Japan Rail Pass. The highlight of the research trip was visiting the Maglev Research Center and witnessing several manned runs of a maglev train going about 300 mph, with only the noise coming from the train’s aerodynamic drag. It is an amazing technology and future. I would not have had the opportunity to visit the many stations and maglev test center without Chiari’s assistance in coordinating train transfers from the Shinkansen, express trains, subways, and taxis. I would also like to thank the Mineta Transportation Institute staff and Editorial Associate for editing and publishing assistance. Japan’s High Speed Rail System between Osaka and Tokyo and Commitment to Maglev Technology: A Comparative Analysis with California’s High Speed Rail Proposal between San Jose/San Francisco/Bay Area and Los Angeles Metropolitan Area i TABLE OF CONTENTS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ...........................................................................1 THE VIABILITY OF A CALIFORNIA SHINKANSEN ..........................1 FUTURE OF U.S. MAGLEV.............................................................................. 4 CONCLUSION.................................................................................................... 5 CALIFORNIA’S TRANSPORTATION FUTURE ....................................7 BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE ..................................................................... 7 CALIFORNIA TRANSPORTATION MARKET............................................... 7 JAPAN’S METROPOLITAN LANDSCAPE AND TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM .......................................................................................................11 GEOGRAPHY OF JAPAN ............................................................................... 11 POPULATION .................................................................................................. 11 THE TOKAIDO SHINKANSEN BETWEEN OSAKA AND TOKYO .15 TOKAIDO SHINKANSEN............................................................................... 15 COMPREHENSIVE MASS TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM......................... 19 CENTRAL JR COMMITMENT TO HIGH QUALITY STANDARDS AND PROFITABILITY.............................................................................................. 22 COMPARISON OF THE SHINKANSEN TO THE CALIFORNIA PROPOSAL..................................................................................................27 VIABILITY OF MAGLEV TECHNOLOGY...........................................33 PROGRESS OF MAGLEV TECHNOLGY IN JAPAN ................................... 33 HISTORICAL EFFECT OF U.S. TRANSPORTATION POLICIES ON HIGH-SPEED RAIL ...................................................................................39 U.S. INTERSTATE HIGHWAY SYSTEM...................................................... 39 GASOLINE PRICES AND TAX ...................................................................... 40 THE NEXT STEP: HIGH SPEED TRAINS FOR CALIFORNIA.........47 CALIFORNIA’S FUTURE HIGH-SPEED RAIL NETWORK........................ 47 OBSERVATIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS ..................................51 OBSERVATIONS ............................................................................................. 51 RECOMMENDATIONS................................................................................... 57 Norman Y. Mineta International Institute for Surface Transportation Policy Studies ii Japan’s High Speed Rail System between Osaka and Tokyo and Commitment to Maglev Technology: A Comparative Analysis with California’s High Speed Rail Proposal between San Jose/San Francisco/Bay Area and Los Angeles Metropolitan Area REPORT SUMMARY.................................................................................60 APPENDIX A:..............................................................................................65 POPULATION DATA.......................................................................................65 APPENDIX B:..............................................................................................67 AUTOMOBILE OWNERSHIP DATA .............................................................67 APPENDIX C:..............................................................................................69 DOLLAR—YEN EXCHANGE RATE .............................................................69 APPENDIX D:..............................................................................................71 TOKAIDO SHINKANSEN STATIONS ...........................................................71 APPENDIX E: CONSTRUCTION COST INDEX IN JAPAN..............73 APPENDIX F: METRIC CONVERSIONS .............................................75 APPENDIX G: .............................................................................................77 SHINKANSEN LINE CONSTRUCTION
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