DOCSLIB.ORG

Water Sharing Plan for the Murrah-Wallaga Area Unregulated and Alluvial Water Sources – Background Document December 2010 ISBN 978 1 74263 109 7

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Water Sharing Plan for the Murrah-Wallaga Area Unregulated and Alluvial Water Sources – Background Document December 2010 ISBN 978 1 74263 109 7 kground back nd bac ground b grou ground backgro ack ack nd back und b gro b grou kground backgro ackg und ack nd bac und ba roun b kgrou background backgrou ckgr d ac ound nd ba oun b kgr ackground backgroun ckg d bac und b d bac rou kgro ackground backgroun kgro nd bac und b d bac und kgro d background background kgro bac roun d ba bac und ckg backgroun ckground kgr ba round und ba back oun ckg backgro ckground grou d ba round round bac back nd ckg nd backg kground grou ba rou und back back nd ckg backgro ground gro ba round round back back un ckg d backg ground b grou d ba roun kground backg ackg nd ackg nd bac round b rou b grou ground backgro ack nd ack nd back und b gro b grou kground backgro ackg und ack nd bac und ba roun b kgrou background backgrou ckgr d ac ound nd ba oun b kgr ackground backgroun ckg d bac und b d bac rou kgro ackground backgroun kgro nd bac und b d bac un kgro background backgroun kgro d bac round d bac und ckg background background kgr ba ound bac oun ckgr background background kgro d u Leading policy and reform in sustainable water management ba round round bac back nd ckg nd backg kground grou ba grou round backg back nd ack d backg round b gro b roun ground backg ackg un ackg d back round b rou d b groun ckground backgr ackg nd ack und ba ound b roun b kgro kground backgrou ackg d ac nd bac nd ba rou b grou ckground backgro ckgr nd Water Sharing Plan k a un o Murrah-Wallaga Area b d Unregulated and Alluvial Water Sources c u Background document ba und bac nd kgro d background background kgro bac roun d ba bac und ckg backgroun ckground kgr ba round und ba back oun ckg backgro ckground grou d ba round round bac back nd ckg nd backg kground grou ba grou back nd ack gro b und Publisher NSW Office of Water Level 17, 227 Elizabeth Street GPO Box 3889 Sydney NSW 2001 T 02 8281 7777 F 02 8281 7799 [email protected] www.water.nsw.gov.au The NSW Office of Water is a separate office within the Department of Environment, Climate Change and Water. The Office manages the policy and regulatory frameworks for the State’s surface water and groundwater resources to provide a secure and sustainable water supply for all users. The Office also supports water utilities in the provision of water and sewerage services throughout New South Wales. Water Sharing Plan for the Murrah-Wallaga Area Unregulated and Alluvial Water Sources – Background document December 2010 ISBN 978 1 74263 109 7 © State of New South Wales through the Department of Environment, Climate Change and Water, 2010 This material may be reproduced in whole or in part for educational and non-commercial use, providing the meaning is unchanged and its source, publisher and authorship are clearly and correctly acknowledged. Disclaimer: While every reasonable effort has been made to ensure that this document is correct at the time of publication, the State of New South Wales, its agents and employees, disclaim any and all liability to any person in respect of anything or the consequences of anything done or omitted to be done in reliance upon the whole or any part of this document. NOW 10_327C Water sharing plan for the Murrah-Wallaga Area Unregulated and Alluvial Water Sources - Background document Contents Introduction............................................................................................................................................ 1 Purpose of the plan ............................................................................................................................... 3 Why are water sharing plans being prepared? ............................................................................. 3 Benefits for water users................................................................................................................. 3 Environmental considerations ....................................................................................................... 4 Unregulated water sources ................................................................................................. 4 Alluvial water sources ......................................................................................................... 5 Description of the plan area................................................................................................................... 6 Land use history ............................................................................................................................ 6 Rainfall........................................................................................................................................... 6 Streamflows................................................................................................................................... 7 Groundwater.................................................................................................................................. 8 Historical droughts......................................................................................................................... 8 Climate change and variability ...................................................................................................... 9 Entitlement and use..................................................................................................................... 10 Local water utility requirements................................................................................................... 11 Agricultural water use.................................................................................................................. 11 Developing the plan............................................................................................................................. 13 Scope of the plan ........................................................................................................................ 13 Water management units ............................................................................................................ 13 Project groups ............................................................................................................................. 14 State Interagency Panel (formerly the Project Control Group) ......................................... 14 Interagency Regional Panel.............................................................................................. 14 Policy context .............................................................................................................................. 15 National Water Initiative .................................................................................................... 15 Natural Resources Commission ....................................................................................... 15 Catchment Action Plan ..................................................................................................... 16 Previous water planning.................................................................................................... 17 Other considerations ................................................................................................................... 17 Protecting Aboriginal values ............................................................................................. 17 Protecting environmental values....................................................................................... 18 Protecting estuary health .................................................................................................. 19 Maintaining ecosystem functions...................................................................................... 20 i | NSW Office of Water, December 2010 Water sharing plan for the Murrah-Wallaga Area Unregulated and Alluvial Water Sources - Background document Protecting basic landholder rights..................................................................................... 21 Water interception activities .............................................................................................. 22 Protecting town water supply access................................................................................ 22 Defining water extraction limits ......................................................................................... 22 Water sharing rules ............................................................................................................................. 24 Classification method .................................................................................................................. 24 Exceptions to generic classification approach .................................................................. 25 Access rules ................................................................................................................................ 26 Environmental flow rules................................................................................................... 27 Water sharing rules for GDEs ........................................................................................... 27 Dual cease-to-pump.......................................................................................................... 27 Total Daily Extraction Limits.............................................................................................. 27 Access to very low flows ................................................................................................... 28 Mandatory conditions.......................................................................................................
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Assessing Estuary Ecosystem Health: Sampling, Data Analysis and Reporting Protocols
    Assessing estuary ecosystem health: Sampling, data analysis and reporting protocols NSW Natural Resources Monitoring, Evaluation and Reporting Program Cover image: Meroo Lake, Meroo National Park/M Jarman OEH © 2013 State of NSW and Office of Environment and Heritage With the exception of photographs, the State of NSW and Office of Environment and Heritage are pleased to allow this material to be reproduced in whole or in part for educational and non-commercial use, provided the meaning is unchanged and its source, publisher and authorship are acknowledged. Specific permission is required for the reproduction of photographs. The Office of Environment and Heritage (OEH) has compiled this publication in good faith, exercising all due care and attention. No representation is made about the accuracy, completeness or suitability of the information in this publication for any particular purpose. OEH shall not be liable for any damage which may occur to any person or organisation taking action or not on the basis of this publication. Readers should seek appropriate advice when applying the information to their specific needs. Published by: Office of Environment and Heritage 59 Goulburn Street, Sydney NSW 2000 PO Box A290, Sydney South NSW Phone: (02) 9995 5000 (switchboard) Phone: 131 555 (environment information and publications requests) Phone: 1300 361 967 (national parks, general environmental inquiries and publications requests) Fax: (02) 9995 5999 TTY users: phone 133 677, then ask for 131 555 Speak and listen users: phone 1300 555 727,
    [Show full text]
  • Historical Riparian Vegetation Changes in Eastern NSW
    University of Wollongong Research Online Faculty of Science, Medicine & Health - Honours Theses University of Wollongong Thesis Collections 2016 Historical Riparian Vegetation Changes in Eastern NSW Angus Skorulis Follow this and additional works at: https://ro.uow.edu.au/thsci University of Wollongong Copyright Warning You may print or download ONE copy of this document for the purpose of your own research or study. The University does not authorise you to copy, communicate or otherwise make available electronically to any other person any copyright material contained on this site. You are reminded of the following: This work is copyright. Apart from any use permitted under the Copyright Act 1968, no part of this work may be reproduced by any process, nor may any other exclusive right be exercised, without the permission of the author. Copyright owners are entitled to take legal action against persons who infringe their copyright. A reproduction of material that is protected by copyright may be a copyright infringement. A court may impose penalties and award damages in relation to offences and infringements relating to copyright material. Higher penalties may apply, and higher damages may be awarded, for offences and infringements involving the conversion of material into digital or electronic form. Unless otherwise indicated, the views expressed in this thesis are those of the author and do not necessarily represent the views of the University of Wollongong. Recommended Citation Skorulis, Angus, Historical Riparian Vegetation Changes in Eastern NSW, BSci Hons, School of Earth & Environmental Science, University of Wollongong, 2016. https://ro.uow.edu.au/thsci/120 Research Online is the open access institutional repository for the University of Wollongong.
    [Show full text]
  • Sydneyœsouth Coast Region Irrigation Profile
    SydneyœSouth Coast Region Irrigation Profile compiled by Meredith Hope and John O‘Connor, for the W ater Use Efficiency Advisory Unit, Dubbo The Water Use Efficiency Advisory Unit is a NSW Government joint initiative between NSW Agriculture and the Department of Sustainable Natural Resources. © The State of New South Wales NSW Agriculture (2001) This Irrigation Profile is one of a series for New South Wales catchments and regions. It was written and compiled by Meredith Hope, NSW Agriculture, for the Water Use Efficiency Advisory Unit, 37 Carrington Street, Dubbo, NSW, 2830, with assistance from John O'Connor (Resource Management Officer, Sydney-South Coast, NSW Agriculture). ISBN 0 7347 1335 5 (individual) ISBN 0 7347 1372 X (series) (This reprint issued May 2003. First issued on the Internet in October 2001. Issued a second time on cd and on the Internet in November 2003) Disclaimer: This document has been prepared by the author for NSW Agriculture, for and on behalf of the State of New South Wales, in good faith on the basis of available information. While the information contained in the document has been formulated with all due care, the users of the document must obtain their own advice and conduct their own investigations and assessments of any proposals they are considering, in the light of their own individual circumstances. The document is made available on the understanding that the State of New South Wales, the author and the publisher, their respective servants and agents accept no responsibility for any person, acting on, or relying on, or upon any opinion, advice, representation, statement of information whether expressed or implied in the document, and disclaim all liability for any loss, damage, cost or expense incurred or arising by reason of any person using or relying on the information contained in the document or by reason of any error, omission, defect or mis-statement (whether such error, omission or mis-statement is caused by or arises from negligence, lack of care or otherwise).
    [Show full text]
  • 1 Murrah Flora Reserves Protect Koalas, but at What
    MURRAH FLORA RESERVES PROTECT KOALAS, BUT AT WHAT COST? Published in National Parks Association Winter edition of Nature NSW, 2016 “When we moved to Murrah State Forest over 30 years ago we were besieged by wildlife. The abundance was just amazing. Nothing we planted survived the possums, wallabies, and parrots. The bandicoots dug things up and the wombats caved in the best of fences. We kept bees, and several kinds of sugar gliders came in groups at the first sniff of honey, the bush rats, mice and bats moved in. We could not leave the windows open in summer because of possums at night and goannas by day. The bird life was abundant, and hugely varied. The bush just hummed with life. The river had a stony bottom, lush aquatic plant life, and deep pools with small fish, eels, redfin, bass, and the native cray, the marron. After decades of logging for woodchips, Murrah State Forest became silent; koalas, wildlife, flocks of parrots, potoroo, Christmas beetles and cicadas disappeared, owls and gliders were rarely heard, the rivers silted up with sand, and the diversity of the forest’s tree species was reduced to silver top ash and highly volatile forest casuarinas.”1 Between July 2012 and June 2015 a huge community-based endeavour saw survey teams of contractors, volunteers, Aboriginal Land Council and agency staff, search for koala pellets under more than 30,000 trees at more than 1,000 grid-sites across the 30,000 ha Bermagui to Murrah study area. The results were encouraging, with a population estimated of 30–60 animals2, up from the 23–47 estimated from a similar survey undertaken between 2007 and 20093.
    [Show full text]
  • Effects of Estuarine Acidification on Survival and Growth of the Sydney Rock Oyster Saccostrea Glomerata
    EFFECTS OF ESTUARINE ACIDIFICATION ON SURVIVAL AND GROWTH OF THE SYDNEY ROCK OYSTER SACCOSTREA GLOMERATA Michael Colin Dove Submitted in fulfilment of the requirements of the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in The University of New South Wales Geography Program Faculty of the Built Environment The University of New South Wales Sydney, NSW, 2052 April 2003 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to thank my supervisor Dr Jes Sammut for his ideas, guidance and encouragement throughout my candidature. I am indebted to Jes for his help with all stages of this thesis, for providing me with opportunities to present this research at conferences and for his friendship. I thank Dr Richard Callinan for his assistance with the histopathology and reviewing chapters of this thesis. I am also very grateful to Laurie Lardner and Ian and Rose Crisp for their invaluable advice, generosity and particular interest in this work. Hastings and Manning River oyster growers were supportive of this research. In particular, I would like to acknowledge the following oyster growers: Laurie and Fay Lardner; Ian and Rose Crisp; Robert Herbert; Nathan Herbert; Stuart Bale; Gary Ruprecht; Peter Clift; Mark Bulley; Chris Bulley; Bruce Fairhall; Neil Ellis; and, Paul Wilson. I am very grateful to Holiday Coast Oysters and Manning River Rock Oysters for providing: the Sydney rock oysters for field and laboratory experiments; storage facilities; equipment; materials; fuel; and, access to resources without reservation. Bruce Fairhall, Paul Wilson, Mark Bulley, Laurie Lardner and Robert Herbert also supplied Sydney rock oysters for this work. I would also like to thank the researchers who gave helpful advice during this study.
    [Show full text]
  • NSW Line Class Records
    ANSA NSW Lineclass Records as at 14/03/2021 Line Mass Angler Club Location Date Sportfishing Division ALBACORE 3 7.8 Russell Emms Wollongong Sportfishing Club Kiama Canyons 27/10/2007 ALBACORE 4 8.21 Glen Malam Canberra Fishermans Club Narooma 12/06/2005 ALBACORE 6 8.2 Glen Malam Canberra Fishermans Club Narooma 12/06/2005 ALBACORE 8 7.6 Andre Pretorius Canberra Fishermans Club Narooma 12/06/2005 ALBACORE 15 10.2 Terry Tatton Wollongong Sportfishing Club Wollongong 26/07/2009 BASS - AUSTRALIAN 1 2.1 Anthony Thorpe Trial Bay Sportfishing Club Lake Sinclair 5/04/2004 BONITO - AUSTRALIAN 1 2 Greg Clarke Wollongong Sportfishing Club NSW State Titles 25/04/2005 BONITO - AUSTRALIAN 2 5.6 Chris Stolk Wollongong Sportfishing Club Bellambi 6/02/2005 BONITO - AUSTRALIAN 3 4.13 Steve Bailey Canberra Fishermans Club Narooma 5/03/2004 BONITO - AUSTRALIAN 4 4.4 Kimberley Stolk Wollongong Sportfishing Club Bellambi 6/02/2005 BONITO - AUSTRALIAN 6 4.1 Frank Res Canberra Fishermans Club Montague Island 23/04/2005 BONITO - WATSON'S LEAPI 1 1.2 Russell Emms Wollongong Sportfishing Club Hat Head 18/03/2010 BREAM - BLACK 1 1.6 Mel Marlborough Canberra Fishermans Club Wallaga Lake 2/03/2007 BREAM - BLACK 2 1.8 Thomas Johnston Canberra Fishermans Club Bermagui 2/03/2007 BREAM - YELLOWFIN 1 1.92 Jason Clark Canberra Fishermans Club Batemans Bay 23/04/2005 CARP - EUROPEAN 1 11.35 Timothy Sackett Sth Sydney Amateur Fishing As Centennial Park 22/07/2009 CARP - EUROPEAN 2 14.72 Alyce Ehret Sth Sydney Amateur Fishing As Centennial Park 22/05/2011 CARP - EUROPEAN
    [Show full text]
  • Nexusmagazine.Com
    N E X U S NEW TIMES MAGAZINE Volume 14, Number 3 APRIL – MAY 2007 UK/Europe edition Website: http://www.nexusmagazine.com LETTERS TO THE EDITOR.............................................4 THE CRIMINAL HISTORY OF THE PAPACY – Pt 3.....49 Comments from readers on NEXUS-related topics. By Tony Bushby. Modern Roman Catholic Church GLOBAL NEWS.............................................................6 historians hide the bellicosity, depravity and greed We report on declining media freedom in the USA, of so many of the popes and instead present images a study linking GM potato consumption to cancer, of pious and humble patriarchs of the people. and the soaring death rate from prescription drugs. C L O S E E N C O U N T E R S W I T H " L I T T L E F O O T " . 5 7 E M W E A P O N S A N D H U M A N R I G H T S . 11 By Tony Healy and Paul Cropper. Little hairy ape- By Peter Phillips, Lew Brown and Bridget Thornton. men or "junjudees" have been seen and reported by The US military-industrial-intelligence complex is Aborigines and new Australians up to the present armed with an array of electromagnetic weapons, day, and they may have Flores "hobbit" roots. ready to be deployed against inconvenient THE TWILIGHT ZONE................................................63 dissenters and in contravention of civil rights. Our "out there" news this edition features the second PO M E G R A N AT E : F R U I T O F T H E T R E E O F L I F E .
    [Show full text]
  • Part B Chapter 10.2 WATER REFORM NEW SOUTH WALES NCP
    NCP second tranche Assessment Water: New South Wales B10.2 WATER REFORM, NEW SOUTH WALES ASSESSMENT, June 1999 Page Table of Contents 278 Table of abbreviations 280 B10.2.1 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 283 B10.2.2 REFORM COMMITMENT: COST REFORM AND PRICING 287 10.2.2.1 Cost Recovery 287 10.2.2.2 Consumption Based Pricing 294 10.2.2.3 Cross Subsidies 298 10.2.2.4 CSOs 301 10.2.2.5 Rates of Return 301 10.2.2.6 Rural Cost Recovery 302 10.2.2.7 New Rural Schemes 303 10.2.2.8 Devolution of Irrigation Management 304 B10.2.3 REFORM COMMITMENT: INSTITUTIONAL REFORM 305 10.2.3.1 Separation of Functions 305 10.2.3.2 Commercial Focus 310 10.2.3.3 Performance Monitoring and Best Practice 311 B10.2.4 REFORM COMMITMENT: ALLOCATION AND TRADING 313 10.2.4.1 Water Entitlements 313 10.2.4.2 Environmental Allocations 319 10.2.4.3 Water Trading 331 B10.2.5 REFORM COMMITMENT: ENVIRONMENT AND WATER QUALITY 336 10.2.5.1 Integrated Catchment Management 336 10.2.5.2 National Water Quality Management Strategy 340 278 NCP second tranche Assessment Water: New South Wales B10.2.6 REFORM COMMITMENT: PUBLIC CONSULTATION, EDUCATION 343 ATTACHMENTS 345 Attachment 1: Table of cost recovery for NMUs with more than 10 000 connections Attachment 2: Tariff structures for NMUs with more than 10 000 connections Attachment 3: New South Wales allocation and trading implementation program Attachment 4: Unregulated catchments Attachment 5: Groundwater 279 NCP second tranche Assessment Water: New South Wales T a b l e o f Ab b r e v i a t i o n s ARMCANZ Agriculture and Resource Management
    [Show full text]
  • Gov Gaz Week 6 Colour.Indd
    3411 Government Gazette OF THE STATE OF NEW SOUTH WALES Number 95 Friday, 8 June 2001 Published under authority by the Government Printing Service LEGISLATION Regulations Exhibited Animals Protection Amendment (Fish Farms and Hatcheries) Regulation 2001 under the Exhibited Animals Protection Act 1986 Her Excellency the Governor, with the advice of the Executive Council, has made the following Regulation under the Exhibited Animals Protection Act 1986. RICHARD AMERY, M.P., Minister forfor Agriculture Agriculture Explanatory note Clause 5 of the Exhibited Animals Protection Regulation 1995 provides for circumstances in which the display of animals is declared not to be an “exhibit” for the purposes of the Exhibited Animals Protection Act 1986. The object of this Regulation is to exclude certain fish that are kept at fish hatcheries and fish farms for commercial food production or re-stocking of lakes, dams or waterways from the definition of “exhibit”. This Regulation is made under the Exhibited Animals Protection Act 1986, including paragraph (c) of the definition of exhibit in section 5 (1) and section 53 (the general regulation-making power). r00-298-p01.819 Page 1 3412 LEGISLATION 8 June 2001 Clause 1 Exhibited Animals Protection Amendment (Fish Farms and Hatcheries) Regulation 2001 Exhibited Animals Protection Amendment (Fish Farms and Hatcheries) Regulation 2001 1 Name of Regulation This Regulation is the Exhibited Animals Protection Amendment (Fish Farms and Hatcheries) Regulation 2001. 2 Amendment of Exhibited Animals Protection Regulation 1995 The Exhibited Animals Protection Regulation 1995 is amended as set out in Schedule 1. 3Notes The explanatory note does not form part of this Regulation.
    [Show full text]
  • Vol 36 No 2 Jun 1999
    Volume 36 number 2 June 1999 NATIONAL PARKS A Conservation and the ACT Budget Annual General Meeting Another walk in the wilderness NPA BULLETIN Volume 36 number 2 June 1999 CONTENTS From the President 3 Another walk in the wilderness 12 Syd Comfort Clive Hurlstone Annual General Meeting 3 Parkwatch 14 The Environment Advisory Committee 4 Len Haskew Eleanor Stodart Activities of the Environment Sub-committee 15 Campgrounds in Namadgi National Park 5 Timothy Walsh Timothy Walsh Joe Turner 1901-1999 5 Reg Alder Book reviews 16 Progress at Gudgenby 6 Photos and text by Eleanor Stodart South West Wilderness 18 En guard on Sentry Box Hill 8 Judith Webster Martin Chalk Calendar 19 Work parties for Tennent Homestead 9 A crowded Cascade hut 10 General meetings 19 Graham Scully The Field Naturalists Association of Canberra 19 Light will make the green go 11 Anniversary edition of the NPA Bulletin 19 Graeme Wicks National Parks Association (ACT) Incorporated The NPA (ACT) office is located in Maclaurin Cres, Chifley, Inaugurated 1960 next to the preschool and is staffed by Dianne Hastie. Office hours are: 9am to 1pm Mondays, Tuesdays and Thursdays Aims and objectives of the Association • Promotion of national parks and of measures for the Telephone/Fax: (02) 6282 5813 protection of fauna and flora, scenery, natural features and Email: [email protected] cultural heritage in the Australian Capital Territory and Address: PO Box 1940, Woden ACT 2606 elsewhere, and the reservation of specific areas. Membership • Interest in the provision of appropriate outdoor recreation New members are welcome and should enquire through the areas.
    [Show full text]
  • Far South Coast Regional Boating Plan
    Transport for NSW Regional Boating Plan Far South Coast Region Consultation Draft September 2014 Transport for NSW 18 Lee Street Chippendale NSW 2008 Postal address: PO Box K659 Haymarket NSW 1240 Internet: www.transport.nsw.gov.au Email: [email protected] ISBN Register: 978 -1 -922030 -68 -9 © COPYRIGHT STATE OF NSW THROUGH THE DIRECTOR GENERAL OF TRANSPORT FOR NSW 2014 Extracts from this publication may be reproduced provided the source is fully acknowledged. GHD | Report for Transport for NSW - Regional Boating Plan | i Table of contents 1. Introduction..................................................................................................................................... 4 2. Physical character of the waterways .............................................................................................. 6 2.1 Background .......................................................................................................................... 6 2.2 Clyde catchment .................................................................................................................. 7 2.3 Moruya catchment ............................................................................................................... 8 2.4 Tuross catchment ................................................................................................................ 9 2.5 Bega catchment ................................................................................................................. 11 2.6 Towamba catchment.........................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Bega Valley Shire Local Strategic Planning Statement 2040 PO Box 492, Bega NSW 2550 P
    Bega Valley Shire Local Strategic Planning Statement 2040 PO Box 492, Bega NSW 2550 P. (02) 6499 2222 F. (02) 6499 2200 E. [email protected] W. begavalley.nsw.gov.au ABN. 26 987 935 332 DX. 4904 Bega Our Aboriginal Custodians The Bega Valley Shire Council acknowledges the Traditional Custodians of the lands and waters of the Shire, the people of the Yuin nations, and shows respect to elders past, present and emerging. Contents Abbreviations............................................................................................................5 What is the Local Strategic Planning Statement?.......................................................6 Implementation and Monitoring.................................................................................8 Local Values and Priorities.........................................................................................9 Our Place....................................................................................................................10 Shirewide Structure Plan............................................................................................12 Our Community..........................................................................................................14 Planning for the Future..............................................................................................16 Land Use Vision: Bega Valley Shire 2040..................................................................22 Achieving our Vision: ................................................................................................24
    [Show full text]