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Goga Pecenkovski SLAVE NIKOLOVSKI - KATIN GOGA PE^ENKOVSKI GOGA PE^ENKOVSKI ISBN 9989-157-06-5 SLAVE NIKOLOVSKI - KATIN SLAVE NIKOLOVSKI ‡ KATIN GOGA PE^ENKOVSKI Na moeto semejstvo... KNIGOIZDATELSTVO <MAKEDONSKA ISKRA> ‡ SKOPJE Edicija: KATIN SLAVE NIKOLOVSKI ‡ KATIN GOGA PE^ENKOVSKI PRIVATNO IZDANIE Publikacijata e finansirana od semejstvoto na Goga Pe~enkovski SLAVE NIKOLOVSKI ‡ KATIN GOGA PE^ENKOVSKI SKOPJE, 2004 ZAROBENIK NA TRUDOT ema poblagorodna rabota od ~uvstvoto da se osve- n tli likot ne samo na svojot prijatel, tuku i na ~o- vekot koj celiot `ivot go posvetil na svojata Tatko- vina, podnesuvaj}i ogromni `rtvi, ne samo za nejzinoto osloboduvawe od fa{isti~kata okupacija, tuku i za iz- gradbata i razvojot na svojot roden kraj Prespa. Pro- niknuvaweto na tie dve horizontali vo `ivotot na Go- ga Pe~enkovski, kako i na site vistinski Makedonci, ja otkriva slikata za bibliskata priroda na zemjata vo koja `iveat na ovie balkanski meridijani, so vistin- ski ambicii da mu se priklu~i na golemoto evropsko semejstvo na narodite. @ivotnata istorija na Goga Pe~enkovski e, isto- vremeno, i istorija na Prespa, a preku nea i na Make- donija. Za{to ona {to se slu~uvalo od iskonskite vre- miwa na Aleksandar Makedonski, preku nezaboravni- te bitki na car Samoil, do onie na Goce Del~ev i Stiv Naumov i Mite Bogoevski, vo prespanskiot region, gi otslikuva site istoriski golgoti niz koi minuvala Ma- kedonija, s# do nejzinoto proglasuvawe za samostojna i nezavisna dr`ava. So ovaa kniga za negoviot `ivoten pat, vo najkusi crti i najsublimirano, se proektira naj- novata faza na makedonskata istorija. Zatoa, nejzinoto zna~ewe gi nadminuva ramkite na obi~na monografija za `ivotot na edno makedonsko semejstvo. 6 Slave Nikolovski ‡ Katin Za avtorot na ova delo posebno zna~aen e i eden drug fakt. Toa e pridonesot na Goga za moeto li~no do- `ivuvawe na vremeto i prostorot vo koi `iveele nego- vite bliski rodnini Kiro i De`da Pe~enkovski, edno od retkite uspe{ni makedonski semejstva vo kanadski- ot biznis. Zatoa i mojata li~na blagodarnost kon nego i negovata sopruga, koi mi uka`aa i vnimanie i ~est da se zapoznaam so korenite na ova istaknato makedonsko semejstvo, kako vo zemjata, taka i nadvor od nea. Dotolku pove}e {to i samiot poteknuvam od Prespa. Od ovie pri~ini, nema pogolemo zadovolstvo ko- ga vo fokusot na moeto vnimanie }e se najdat uspe{ni Makedonci, lu|e koi celiot svoj `ivot mu go posvetile na svojata Tatkovina Makedonija. Eden od takvite pa- trioti e Goga Pe~enkovski. Se nadevam deka ovaa mo- nografija za negovoto semejstvo, }e go potvrdi toj fakt. Slave Nikolovski ‡ Katin Goga Pe~enkovski 7 RODNIOT KRAJ z MAKEDONIJA I NEJZINITE KORENI z PRESPANSKA ISTORISKA RAZGLEDNICA z RESENSKI KOORDINATI z PRESPANSKI KALEIDOSKOP MAKEDONIJA I NEJZINITE KORENI va e monografija za semejstvoto na \or|i Pe~enkov- oo ski ‡ Goga. Ako nekoj istori~ar bara originalna ma- ookedonska familija, so site karakteristiki na naciona- len, kulturen i verski plan, podobar primer verojatno, nema da najde. Za{to istorijata i genezata na ova make- donsko semejstvo fakti~ki e del od istorijata na Ma- kedonija, so site nejzini golgoti niz vekovite. Slika- ta za ova semejstvo e lika i prilika za ovaa na{a zemja stradalni~ka. Poradi toa i ne slu~ajno vo Biblijata i vo drugi drevni dokumenti, Makedonija se spomenuva kako bibliska zemja. Site {to ja opi{ale nejzinata po- stara i ponova istorija se fascinirani od nea. Zatoa so pravo se veli deka Makedonija e zemja na premre`ja, no i zemja na ubavini, so priroda kakva {to samo Gospod mo`e da sozdade. Prespa e najdobar primer za toa. Sepak, nepobiten e faktot deka Makedonecot, i pokraj site obidi za negova asimilacija na ovie pro- stori, se odr`al i opstojal. Toa poka`uva deka ovoj narod, kako bibliski, uspea da se sprotivstavi i da gi izdr`i site osvojuvawa, ugnetuvawa i negirawa. Zo{to? Zatoa {to Makedonija e edinstvenata zemja so najdol- ga i najstara istorija od bilo koj narod vo svetot. Nej- ziniot koren se anti~kite Makedonci, a nejzinite vo- da~i Filip i Aleksandar Makedonski. Od nivnoto vre- me, preku vladeeweto na Rim i Vizantija, no i preku golemite migracii na Slovenite na Jug, otomanskiot i drugite periodi, Makedonija sekoga{ bila me|nik i 10 Slave Nikolovski ‡ Katin krstopat na razli~nite civilizacii, kulturi, jazici i religii na razni nivoa. Nepobiten e faktot deka koga Evropa bila vo mrak, edinstveno ja osvetluval fake- lot na makedonskata kultura. Ohridskiot univerzitet na Klimenta zra~el kako simbol na najstarata civili- zacija na kontinentot. Spored toa, vo tekot na ovoj dolg i bogat vremen- ski period, samo dva naroda imaat pravo da se nare- ~at Makedonci: anti~kite i sega{nite Makedonci, koi denes `iveat na prostorot na etni~ka Makedonija, no i na site kontinenti. Makedonija kako geografski re- gion zazema del od Balkanskiot Poluostrov, koj na sever se grani~i so [ar Planina, Skopska Crna Gora, Kozjak, Osogovskite i Rilskite Planini. Na istok se protega do zapadniot del na Rodopite i do rekata Me- sta, a na jug do Egejskoto More i rekata Bistrica. Na zapad se grani~i so planinite Korab, Jablanica, Mokra i Pind. Na celiot makedonski prostor, vo po~etokot na XX vek, nekade pred Ilindenskoto vostanie, spored nekoi stranski istoriski izvori, `iveele preku 7 mi- lioni Makedonci. Makedonija e i radost i taga i son i jave za Goga Pe~enkovski. Vo razgovorite so nego doprevme mnogu vistini, {to gi pomni od detstvoto. U{te kako u~enik, slu{al deka geografskata polo`ba na Makedonija ja pravi zemjata krstopat na civilizaciite. Poradi toa, ne slu~ajno, site voeni ekspedicii morale da minat preku nea, no i trgovskite vrski, zaedno so razli~nite kulturi i vlijanija. Toa zna~i deka sekoj kamen, sekoja grutka crna zemja, sekoja reka i planina, zboruvaat za burnata istorija na Makedonija, koja i denes s# u{te vo sebe krie mnogu tajni od minatoto. <So imeto Makedonija u{te od anti~kite vremi- wa se narekuvala provincijata okolu Pela, koja bila proglasena za prestolnina na Anti~koto makedonsko carstvo, {to go opfa}alo prostorot me|u dene{noto Goga Pe~enkovski 11 Pazarsko Ezero i dolniot tek na rekata Vardar. No, so pro{iruvaweto na granicite na carstvoto, rastela i oblasta nare~ena Makedonija, koja se zdobila i so voe- no-kulturen i administrativen status>, dodava Goga, vra}ajki se na istorijata i prodol`uva: <Centralnata pozicija na Makedonija na Balkanot ovozmo`ila povr- zuvawe na Evropa i Bliskiot Istok, no i me|u dr`avi- te vo ovoj region, kako {to se Grcija, Bugarija, Srbija i Albanija, koi vodele `ilava bitka za prigrabuvawe na Makedonija. Ne samo otvorenosta kon Egejskoto Mo- re i rekite Vardar i Struma, tuku i faktot {to niz na{ata zemja minuval magistralniot pat Via Egnatia, ja pravele Makedonija isklu~itelno strate{ko pod- ra~je za osvojuvawe na novi prostori ili za dominacija vo ekonomijata>, veli Goga. IZVORITE NA SLAVJANSKATA PISMENOST Na ovie makedonski prostori eden od najkrupnite nastani {to se slu~ile bila prvata azbuka na sv. Kiril Solunski, istoriski zna~ajna za site slavjanski naro- di. Taa i prvite prevodi na bogoslu`benite knigi na staroslovenski jazik, go ozna~ija periodot koga vo redot na vladeja~kite jazici: latinskiot, gr~kiot i ev- rejskiot, se najde i makedonskiot, odnosno staroslo- venskiot, so negovoto pismo. Ottoga{ Gospodovoto pis- mo po~nalo da se {iri i na na{iot jazik, a lu|eto da pi{uvaat i da ~itaat knigi napi{ani na seslovenska- ta makedonska azbuka i jazik. Nesomneno, ovoj nastan e od epohalno zna~ewe za makedonskiot narod. Prvo, zatoa {to bra}ata Kiril i Metodij bile od Solun, Makedonija, i vtoro, {to prvite knigi napi{ani na seslovenskiot jazik, bile na jazikot na makedonskite Sloveni. O~igledno, Kiril i Metodij ne mo`ele da upotrebat ni eden drug osven jazikot na Makedoncite, koi `iveele vo nivniot grad Solun. 12 Slave Nikolovski ‡ Katin <Drug epohalen nastan za Makedoncite se slu~il vo po~etokot na XI vek, koga makedonskiot car Samuil svojata prestolnina ja preselil vo Prespa, a potoa i vo Ohrid. Potvrda za toa se ostatocite od negovite tvr- dini {to gi gledame i denes, kako svedo{tvo za toa na{e slavno minato. Tuka ostanalo i sedi{teto na Oh- ridskata arhiepiskopija, s# do nejzinoto ukinuvawe vo 1767 godina. Inaku, so proglasuvaweto na Patrijar{i- jata, car Samuil, od prviot ohridski patrijarh bil pro- glasen za imperator>, istaknuva Goga Do doa|aweto na Osmanliite na ovie na{i pro- stori vo XIV vek, Makedonija bila vo podem. Svedo{tvo za toa se brojnite srednovekovni crkvi i manastiri, osobeno vo Ohridsko-prespanskiot region, koi denes se nao|aat vo riznicata na evropskata i svetskata kul- tura. Ne slu~ajno, Osmanliite ne ja ukinale vedna{ av- tokefalnosta na Ohridskata arhiepiskopija, tuku po- ka`ale tolerantnost kon hristijanskata vera. Po os- vojuvaweto na Ohrid vo 1408 godina, cela Makedonija se na{la pod jaremot na Osmanliskata imperija. No, i pokraj toa, Osmanliite, ne samo {to ne ja ograni~ile nezavisnosta na Ohridskata arhiepiskopija, tuku i ja zgolemile mo}ta, so cel da ja oslabat Patrijar{ijata vo Konstantinopol. Me|utoa, ekspanzijata na feudal- niot sistem vo Turcija, objektivno zna~ela slabeewe na Ohridskata arhiepiskopijata. Makedonskiot narod i negovata crkva, vo te{kata situacija vo koja se na{le, bile pod postojan pritisok na Patrijar{ijata od Konstantinopol i od katoli~kata propaganda vo Rim. Patrijar{ijata primenuvala razni metodi za elinizacija na makedonskiot narod i uni{tu- vawe na negovata crkva, vo liceto na Ohridskata ar- hiepiskopija.
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