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Zimbabwe Vulnerability Assessment Committee (Zimvac) 2017 Rural Livelihoods Assessment Report

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Zimbabwe Vulnerability Assessment Committee (Zimvac) 2017 Rural Livelihoods Assessment Report Zimbabwe Vulnerability Assessment Committee (ZimVAC) 2017 Rural Livelihoods Assessment Report VAC ZIMBABWE Vulnerability Assessment Committee Zim Foreword The Naonal Food and Nutrion Security Informaon System is essenal for understanding the breadth and scope of food and nutrion insecurity thereby assisng in priorising and planning food and nutrion intervenons and broader livelihoods. In its endeavour to ‘promote and ensure adequate food and nutrion security for all people at all mes’, the Government of Zimbabwe has connued to exhibit its commitment for reducing food and nutrion insecurity, improving livelihoods and reducing poverty amongst the vulnerable populaons in Zimbabwe. In this light ZimVAC, acng as the technical advisory commiee on assessments, undertook the 17 edion of the Rural Livelihoods Assessment in May 2017. The 2017 Rural Livelihoods Assessment (RLA) provides updates on pernent rural livelihoods issues such as educaon, food and income sources, income levels, expenditure paerns and food security among other issues. It recognises and draws from other contemporary surveys that define the socio-economic context of rural livelihoods. This report provides a summaon of the results of the processes undertaken and focuses on the following themac areas: Household demographics, social protecon, educaon, food consumpon paerns, food sources and nutrion, income and expenditure paerns and levels, agriculture, markets, household food security , health and nutrion, water, sanitaon and hygiene, community livelihood challenges and development priories, resilience, shocks and hazards and gender based violence. The report concludes by giving specific recommendaons on each of the themac areas outlined in the report. It is our hope that these recommendaons will aide to your development of response strategies. The acve parcipaon of all food and nutrion structures at Naonal, Provincial, District levels and the community at large is greatly appreciated. The Government of Zimbabwe and Development partners’ financial support provided all the impetus the ZimVAC required to meet the cost for this exercise. We also want to thank our staff at the Food and Nutrion Council (FNC) for providing leadership, coordinaon and management to the whole survey. We submit this report to you all for your use and reference in your invaluable work. We hope it will light your way as you search for lasng measures in addressing priority issues keeping many of our rural households vulnerable to food and nutrion insecurity. George D. Kembo FNC Director/ ZimVAC Chairperson Dr. Leonard Madzingaidzo Interim Chief Execuve Officer - SIRDC 3 Table of Contents Foreword ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..…………..…………..………… 1 Acknowledgements ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..…………………………..…………..………………… 3 Acronyms ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..…………..……………………… 4 Background and Introducon ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..…………..……………………… 5 Assessment Purpose ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..…………..…………………….. 12 Assessment Methodology ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..…………..……………………...15 Demographic Descripon of the Sample ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..…………..………….................. 20 Social Protecon …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..…………..…………….............27 Educaon....…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….................. …………………………………..…………..……………………..... 33 Access to Extension Services.....……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..……………………………………..…………..……………………......38 Effects of the Fall Armyworm............................................................................................................................................................................................................... 47 Crop Producon …..………………………………………………………..…………………………………………………….……….…….……...... …………………………………..…………..…………............... 57 Households Access to Irrigaon ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..…………..…………….............64 Livestock Producon ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..……….…………………………………………..…………..……………........... 67 Market Access..................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 78 Agricultural Commodity Prices............................................................................................................................................................................................................ 81 Incomes and Expenditure.................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 89 Livelihoods Based Coping Strategies ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..…………..…………………...... 97 ISALS/ Mukando….…………………………………………………………………………………………………….……………..……..…………………………………………………………..…………..…………….....104 Household Consumpon Paerns..................................................................................................... ………………………………………………………..…………..……………......... 108 Resilience ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………....... 121 Household Food Security Status Projecons………..……......................................... ………………………………………………………………………..……………..…………..……………....... 131 Nutrion........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 149 Feeding Pracces in Children 6-59 months ..……………………………………………………………………………..………………………………………………... ………..…………..….................... 150 Women Dietary Diversity…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………... 157 Community Health Services……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 160 Water, Sanitaon and Hygiene ….……………………………………………………………………………………………………. ……………………………………………………..…………..………………….... 165 Child Nutrion Status…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 180 Gender Based Violence ………………………………………………………………………..………………………………………………………………………………………………..…………..……..……………... 185 Community Challenges and Development Priories . ………………………………………………………………………..…………………. ………………..... ………..…………..…..................... 190 Conclusions and Recommendaons …..…………………………………………………………………………………………………..……………………………………………..…………..………………….... 195 Annexes …..………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..…………………………………………..…………..…………………... 205 4 Acknowledgements The technical and financial support received from the following is greatly appreciated: • Office of the President and Cabinet • UN Women • Higher Life Foundaon • Food and Nutrion Council • Food and Agriculture Organizaon (FAO) • Naonal AIDS Council • SIRDC • United Naons Children’s fund (UNICEF) • Mwenezi Development Training Centre • Ministry of Finance • Famine Early Warning System Network • World Vision • SADC RVAC (FEWSNET) • ENSURE • Zimbabwe Naonal Stascs Agency • World Food Programme (WFP) • Sustainable Agriculture Trust (SAT) (ZIMSTAT) • Rural District Councils • Development Aid from People to People (DAPP) • Ministry of Agriculture, Mechanisaon and • Advenst Development and Relief Agency • Cluster Agricultural Development Services Irrigaon Development (ADRA) (CADS) • Ministry of Public Service, Labour and Social • Save the Children • United Methodist Commiee on Relief Welfare • Amalima (UMCOR) • Ministry of Health and Child Care • SNV/Environment Africa/CAFOD • Community Technology Development • Ministry of Local Government, Public Works • Hope for Child in Christ (HOCIC) Organizaon (CTDO) and Naonal Housing • Catholic Relief Services (CRS) • Red Cross • Ministry of Rural Development, Promoon and • GOAL • Chrisan Care Preservaon of Naonal Culture and • Hand in Hand • Caritas Heritage • AFRICAID • Plan Internaonal • Ministry of Primary and Secondary Educaon • Tony White • Family Aids Caring Trust (FACT) • United Naons Development Programme • Acon Contre la Faim (ACF) • Acon Aid (UNDP -ZRBF) • Welthungerhilfe • CARE Internaonal • United States Agency for Internaonal • CATCH • Lower Guruve Development Associaon (LGDA) Development (USAID) • DOMCCP • Aquaculture Trust 5 Acronyms EA Enumeraon Area FGD Focus Group Discussion FNC Food and Nutrion Council FNSP Food and Nutrion Security Policy GAM Global Acute Malnutrion HDDS Household Dietary Diversity HHS Household Hunger Score MAD Minimum Acceptable Diet MDD Minimum Dietary Diversity MMF Minimum Meal Frequency RLA Rural Livelihoods Assessment SAM Severe Acute Malnutrion ZimVAC Zimbabwe Vulnerability Assessment Commiee 6 Background and Introducon 7 Zimbabwe Vulnerability Assessment Commiee (ZimVAC) ZimVAC is a consorum of Government, UN agencies, NGOs and other internaonal organisaons established in 2002, led and regulated by Government. It is chaired by FNC, a department in the Office of the President and Cabinet whose mandate is to promote a mul-sectoral response to food insecurity and nutrion problems in a manner that ensures that every Zimbabwean is free from hunger and
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