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Summary Report.Cdr VAC ZIMBABWE Vulnerability Assessment Committee Zim Foreword The Zimba bwe Vulnerabil ity Asse ssmen t Comm iee (ZimVAC), as ha s bec ome the tradi on since 2 002 , conducted the 15th annua l Ru ral Livelihoods Asse ssment (RLA). The asses sment is pa rt of a compr ehensiv e inform aon sy stem that inform s Governme nt and its Dev elopmen t Partne rs on program ming nece ssa ry for saving lives and streng thening rural liv elihoods in Zimba bwe . ZimVAC is the central pillar around which the Food and Nutrion Council (FNC) plans to build its strategy to fulfil the 6th Commitment of the Government of Zimbabwe’s Food and Nutrion Security Policy (FNSP) and monitor implementaon of the ZimASSET. The 2016 RLA covers and provides updates on pernent rural household livelihoods issues such as educaon, food and income sources, income levels, expenditure paerns, crop and livestock p roduc on and nutri on. In addi on to p aying parcu lar focu s on, and pung households a t the cen tre of its ana lysis, the RLA al so coll ects and recor ds ru ral communi es’ views on their livelihoods chal lenges as well a s their developme nt nee ds. The RLA recognise s and draws from ot her na onal con temporary survey s that de fine the socio -econom ic context of ru ral livelihoods . Mos t notable amongst these a re the Crop and Livest ock Assessments, the Demographic a nd He alth Sur veys, the Naona l Censu s, the Pov erty Assessmen t Surveys and Naona l Economic Performa nce reviews. We want to express our profound gratude to all our Development Partners in the country and beyond for their support throughout the survey. Financial support and technical leadership were received from the Government of Zimbabwe, United Naons Agencies, NGOs and Technical Agencies. Without this support, this RLA would not have been successful. We also want to thank the staff at FNC for providing leadership, coordinaon and management to the whole survey. Our sincere appreciaon also goes to the rural communies of Zimbabwe as well as the local le adership for coopera ng with and supporng this surve y. We submit this report to you all for your use and reference in your invaluable work. We hope it will light your way as you search for lasng measures in addressing priority issues keeping man y of our rural househol ds vulner able to food and nutri on insecurit y. George D. Kembo FNC Director/ ZimVAC Chairperson Dr. Leonard Madzingaidzo Interim Chief Execuve Officer - SIRDC 2 Table of Contents Foreword ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ..…………..…………..…………………………………………………… .1 Acknowledg ements ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ..………………………… ..…………..………………………………………………… ..…………3 Acronyms …………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ..…………..……………………………………………… ..…………………4 Background and Introducon ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ..…………..…………………………………………… ..…………………… 5 Assessment Pu rpose …………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ..…………..……………………………………………… ..……………… 10 Assessment Methodology …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ..…………..…………………………………………… ..………………… 13 Demographic Descripon of the Sample …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ..…………..………………………………………… ..……………………… .18 Social Protecon …………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ..…………..…………………………………………… ..…………………..26 Educaon …………………………………………… ………… …………………………………………………………………………… .................. ………………………………… ..…………..……………………………………………… ..………………….30 Access to Extension Services …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ..…………………………………… ..…………..……………………………………………… ..………………….33 Crop Producon …..……………………………………………………… ..…………………………………………………… .……….…….……...... ………………………………… ..…………..……………………………………………… ..………………..40 Households Access to Irrig aon …………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ..…………..…………………………………………… ..………………… 52 Livestock Producon ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ..……….………………………………………… ..…………..………………………………………… ..…………………… .56 Household Income and Expenditure Paerns ………………………………………………………………………………………… .……………………………………… ..…………..…………………………………………… ..…………………… 67 Livelihoods Based Copin g Strategies ………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………………… ..…………..………………………………………… ..…………………… 75 Loans/ Deb ts ….………………………………………… ………………………………………………………… .……………..……..………………………………………………………… ..…………..………………………… ..………………………………… ..83 Market Access ….…………………………………………… ………… ………… ………………………………… .……………..……..……………………………………………………… ..…………..…………………………… ..………………………………… .89 Water, Sanita on and Hygiene ….……………………………………………… …………………………………………………… . …………………………………………………… ..…………..……………………………………………… ..……..……..103 Household Consu mpon Paerns..................................................................................................... ……………………………………………………… ..…………..……………………………… ..…………………..............116 Feeding Pracces in Children 6-59 months ..…………………………………………………………………………… ..……………………………………………… ... ………..…………..…...................................... …………………......123 Malnutrion in Children 6-59 months………………………………………………………………………………………… ..………………………………………………………… ..…………..………………………………………… ..………………… 128 Food Security Situaon ..………………………………………… ......................................... ……………………………………………………………………… ..……………..…………..……………………………………………………… ......139 Violence Agains t Women………………………………… …………………………………… ..…………………………………………………………………… ………………………… ..…………..……..……………………………………………………… 159 Community Challeng es and Develo pmen t Priories . ……………………………………………………………………… ..…………………. ………………..... ………..…………..…................................. …………...................164 Hazards and Sh oc ks…………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….......167 Conclusion s and Recommendaon s …..………………………………………………………………………………………… ……… ..…………………………………………… ..…………..……………………………………………………………… .173 Annexes …..……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ..………………………………………… ..…………..……………………………………………………………… 187 3 Acknowledgements On behalf of t he Gov ernment of Zim babwe, SIRD C and FNC wish to expr ess thei r since re gra tude and apprecia on to the following ZimVA C member s for their technical, fin ancial, ma terial sup port and con tribuons to the 2016 RLA : • Food and Agricu lture Org anizaon (FAO) • SNV • Office of the Pr esident and Cabin et • Famine E arly W arning Sy stems Ne twork • AMALIMA • Ministry o f Fin ance (FEWSNET) • Germany Agro Acon • SADC RVAC • United States Agency for Internaonal • HOSS • Development (USAID) Zimbabwe N aonal St ascs Ag ency (ZIMS TAT) • Community Technology Developm ent Trust • Ministry of Agriculture, Mechanisaon and Irrigaon • United Naons Development Programme – Development ZRBF • TSURO Trust • Organisaon for Rural Associaons for • FACT Mutare • Ministry of Public Service, Labour and Social Welfare Progress (ORAP) • Ministry of Health and Child Care • FACT Rusape • All Rural District Councils • Higherlife Foundaon • Ministry of Local Government, Public Works and Naonal Housin g • Cluster Agricultural Development Services • Rural Ulies Development Organisaon (RUDO) (CADS) • Ministry Of Women Affairs, Gender and Community • Mwenezi Development Trust Developmen t • OXFAM • World Vision Internaonal • Ministry of Rural Development, Promoon and • GOAL • Save the Children Preservaon o f Nao nal Culture and Herit age • Sustainable Agriculture Technology • Chrisan Youth Volunteers Associaon Trust (CYVAT) • Ministry of Primary and Secondary Educaon • CARE Internaonal • Wild For Life • United Naons Resident Coordinator’s Office (UNRCO) • Plan Internaonal • Maternal Child Integrated Programme (MCHIP • UN Women • Chrisan Care • Development Aid from People to People (DAPP) • UNFPA • Praccal Acon • Lower Guruve Development Associaon (LGDA) • UNICEF • CARITAS • Lutheran Development Services (LDS) • World Food Programme (WFP) • Red Cross • Zimbabwe Com munity Developm ent Associa on • Enhancin g N utrion and Stepp ing Up Resilience • Adven st De velopment and Relief Agency (ENSURE) (ADRA) • Regai Dziveshiri • Ministry of Transport • Internaonal Rescue Commiee (IRC) • Trocaire Zimbabwe 4 Acronyms EA Enumer aon Area CEO Chief Execuve Officer FGD Focus Group Discussion FNC Food and Nutrion Council FNSP Food and nutrion Security Policy GAM Global Acute Malnutrion MUAC Mid Upper Arm Cir cumference RLA Rural Livelihoods Assessmen t SAM Severe Acute Malnutrion SIRDC Scienfic and Industrial, Research and Development Centre ZimVAC Zimbabwe Vulnerability Assessment Commiee 5 Background and Introducon 6 Zimbabwe Vulnerability Assessment Commiee (ZimVAC) ZimVAC is a consorum of Government, UN agencies, NGOs and other internaonal organisaons established in 2002 , led and regulated by Government. It is chaired by FNC, a department in the Office of the President and Cabinet whose mandate is to promote a mul -sectoral response to food insecurity and nutrion problems to ensure that every Zimbabwean is free from hunger and malnutrion. ZimVAC supports Government, parcularly the FNC in: • Convening and coordinang naonal food and nutrion security issues in Zimbabwe • Charng a pr accal way forward for fulfilling legal and exisng policy commit ments in food and nutrion security • Advising Go v ernment o n str ategic direc ons in food and nutrion security • Undertaking a “watchdog role” and su pporng an d f acilita ng ac on to ens ure commit ments in food and nutrion are kept on track by different sectors through
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