Saudi Aramco Ras Tanura Refinery Best Practice

Saudi Aramco Ras Tanura Refinery Best Practice 30th JCCP International Symposium Program Abdulhakim A. Al-Gouhi January 25, 2012 Saudi Aramco Refinery System (MBD) Refining Yanbu 235 MBD 2011 Ras Tanura 2,260 MBD 550 MBD Riyadh Jeddah 120MBD 88 MBD 2016 3,460 MBD Saudi Aramco’s International JVs RTR Clean Fuel Project – Best Practice The Kingdom required gasoline and diesel specifications by year 2015: Max Sulfur, Max Benzene, Max Aromatic, ppm wt Vol.% Vol.% Gasoline 1,000 10 3.0 1.0 None 35 (91/95 RON) Max Sulfur, ppm wt Transportation 500 10 Diesel LPG RON Isomerate 50 MBD 91 Isomerate Gasoline Blender Naphtha Unit 150 MBD RON 170 KTA Benzene 95 325 MBD CCR J24 REFRef BT Unit 70 KTA Toluene AL/AH Kerosene SPLSPL Crude Unit CRUDE Diesel DHT J88 Plant 15 1100 KTA P-Xylene P-Xylene Unit HCK J80 Vac. Gas Oil L/H Naphtha Heavy Aromatic VISB J85 90 MBD LSRN Asphalt New NHT/CCR Plant 63 Fuel Oil 225 MBD Asphalt LPG 140 MBD GAS Cond. L/H Naphtha 500 PPM Gas SPL Kerosene Diesel Blender Plant J64 L/H Diesel 90 MBD 10 PPM Existing Plants CFP Scope AGO to Fuel Oil or export Ras Tanura Refinery Role in Petrochemical . Providing quality refined feed stocks . Improving margins via synergies . Sharing utilities, support services, assets, etc. Ras Tanura Refinery Role in Petrochemical . Saudi Aramco Dow Arabia (Sadara) TheRas Value Tanura Chain fromRefinery feedstock Role to petrochemicals in Petrochemical Petrochemical “Cracker+1” “Cracker+2” Other Derivatives & Products & Feedstock Base Chemicals Products & Products Intermediates Chemical Building Specialties Units Blocks Polyethylenes Ethylene Elastomers Specialty Ethylene Oxide Ethanolamines Ethylene Ethylene Glycols Vinyl Acetate VCM Polyalphaolefins Steam Cracker Propylene Ethyl Alcohol Oxygenated Solvents MMA C4 Stream Acetaldehyde Specialty Polyesters NGLs Bisphenol-A Polypropylenes Olefins Superabsorbent Propylene Glycol building Polymer Propylene Oxide ether Acetates blocks Hydrocracker Epoxies Gas Oils Cumene Polyacrylates Cyanoacrylates Acrylic Acid MTBE (oxyfuels) PMMA Naphtha Benzene Acrylonitrile NBR/SBR/Butyl Polycarbonate Butadiene Rubbers Toluene Styrene Polystyrene Ethylbenzene Monomer Fluidized Catalytic Xylenes ABS, SAN Cracker Cyclyohexane Polyurethane Aromatics NBR building TDI Solvents blocks Acrylic Elastomers Paraxylene PTA Specialty PVCs Reformer + BTX Orthoxylene Plasticizers Separation Ras Tanura Refinery Role in Petrochemical Conclusion: Kingdom’s Refining System Clean Fuel Project – Best Practice RT Refinery Role in Petrochemicals Thank you ! ありがとうございます .

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DANCE OF SWORDS: U.S. MILITARY ASSISTANCE TO SAUDI ARABIA, 1942-1964 DISSERTATION Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University By Bruce R. Nardulli, M.A. * * * * * The Ohio State University 2002 Dissertation Committee: Approved by Professor Allan R. Millett, Adviser Professor Peter L. Hahn _______________________ Adviser Professor David Stebenne History Graduate Program UMI Number: 3081949 ________________________________________________________ UMI Microform 3081949 Copyright 2003 by ProQuest Information and Learning Company. All rights reserved. This microform edition is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States Code. ____________________________________________________________ ProQuest Information and Learning Company 300 North Zeeb Road PO Box 1346 Ann Arbor, MI 48106-1346 ABSTRACT The United States and Saudi Arabia have a long and complex history of security relations. These relations evolved under conditions in which both countries understood and valued the need for cooperation, but also were aware of its limits and the dangers of too close a partnership. U.S. security dealings with Saudi Arabia are an extreme, perhaps unique, case of how security ties unfolded under conditions in which sensitivities to those ties were always a central —oftentimes dominating—consideration. This was especially true in the most delicate area of military assistance. Distinct patterns of behavior by the two countries emerged as a result, patterns that continue to this day. This dissertation examines the first twenty years of the U.S.-Saudi military assistance relationship. It seeks to identify the principal factors responsible for how and why the military assistance process evolved as it did, focusing on the objectives and constraints of both U.S.
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