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Us Military Assistance to Saudi Arabia, 1942-1964
DANCE OF SWORDS: U.S. MILITARY ASSISTANCE TO SAUDI ARABIA, 1942-1964 DISSERTATION Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University By Bruce R. Nardulli, M.A. * * * * * The Ohio State University 2002 Dissertation Committee: Approved by Professor Allan R. Millett, Adviser Professor Peter L. Hahn _______________________ Adviser Professor David Stebenne History Graduate Program UMI Number: 3081949 ________________________________________________________ UMI Microform 3081949 Copyright 2003 by ProQuest Information and Learning Company. All rights reserved. This microform edition is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States Code. ____________________________________________________________ ProQuest Information and Learning Company 300 North Zeeb Road PO Box 1346 Ann Arbor, MI 48106-1346 ABSTRACT The United States and Saudi Arabia have a long and complex history of security relations. These relations evolved under conditions in which both countries understood and valued the need for cooperation, but also were aware of its limits and the dangers of too close a partnership. U.S. security dealings with Saudi Arabia are an extreme, perhaps unique, case of how security ties unfolded under conditions in which sensitivities to those ties were always a central —oftentimes dominating—consideration. This was especially true in the most delicate area of military assistance. Distinct patterns of behavior by the two countries emerged as a result, patterns that continue to this day. This dissertation examines the first twenty years of the U.S.-Saudi military assistance relationship. It seeks to identify the principal factors responsible for how and why the military assistance process evolved as it did, focusing on the objectives and constraints of both U.S. -
Clarence Smith Jowars Clarence Smith CHARACTEROF CASE
0 1 »~ . _ ~!. IURE -__ " . e ~-- . ~., . INVESTIGATION _. .,. .92 -. 'i;_;'-_-.-n " 'af_.;v.1|Ln Office 92._"" - ' Investigative Period » JHANGEIJNEWlurk_ -1 'l1I-'d_ " YORK_ /T/17/66 6/15 - 12/23$ I bIIREN<:EE>wAR1> SMITHaka RPp0l'lby Ind! TE-Snlefclji -Clarence Smith Jowars Clarence Smith _CHARACTEROF CASE . Clarence 13XSmith __T.--w?31ES ll _ - Clarence 13X : 1,,-e : / " @- "Allah" I-5 1 f*.",.".;M__ - 92 . - NOI _ ~-" I -.v-'-~ ' Albrzscx/~ , ._ "Puddin" I. Lqs!-~H. 62221::1:-ui7.I°".c°A15-'12- -J l9292,LA:sIFID '92q F- U2:-:6. |- ' I I w»_ WW lynopull: 6 --- __ ___,__--- , ' sunmnv REPORT u5m 1 it ® 0 T 1e "chan ed" to reflect alias of CLARENCE SMITH 92 A??P:.'T.I.3.TE AZZNCIE-SAND FIELD f; REFEREncEs 7/ pp OF?ICIL3VIIZL£YITUTIHGSL1? ,/' NYairte1 to / ' BY cmour CALLED FIVE Bureau dated /.. PERCENTERS, my MATTERS". u 6/2/65 eeiii-IiBF"',"DISTURBANCE //// Bureau NYa1rtel to dated ' PERCENTERS,BY GROUP CALLED FIVE HARLEM, mrc, 65, mom. MATTERS",u 6/9/65 captioned "DISTURBANCE NYairte1 to Bureau dated HARLEM, mrc, 5/31/65, mom BY GROUP CALLED FIVE PERCENTERS, MATTERS".u 6/22/65 captioned "DIS'IURBANCE NYairte1 to Bureau dated HARLEM, urc, 5/31/65, RACIAL BY GROUP CALLED FIVE PERCENTERS, MATTERS".u 7/9/65 captioned "DISTURBANCE '1. HARLEM, NYC,5/31/65, mom NYlet toBureau dated9/17/b5. f' ./ St. Louis letter to Bureau dated 10/22/65. -
I Am Because We Are: Africana Womanism As a Vehicle of Empowerment and Influence”
“I Am Because We Are: Africana Womanism as a Vehicle of Empowerment and Influence” Janiece L. Blackmon Thesis submitted to the faculty of the Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts In History Committee Chair: Dr. Beverly Bunch‐Lyons Committee Member: Dr. Hayward Farrar Committee Member: Dr. Brett L. Shadle June 16, 2008 Blacksburg, VA Keywords: Gender, Africana womanism, Rastafarianism, Black Panther Party, Nation of Gods and Earths “I Am Because We Are: Africana Womanism as a Vehicle of Empowerment and Influence” Janiece L. Blackmon ABSTRACT The purpose of this research project has been to shed light on the experiences of Black women in Afrocentric groups—Nation of Gods and Earths, the Black Panther Party, and Rastafarians—that operated on the fringes of society during the 1960s through the early 2000s. This work articulates the gender dynamics between the men and women of the groups. In it, I trace the history of Black nationalism and identity in the United States in the late 19th century to the 20th century which set the framework for the formation of the Nation of Gods and Earths (NGE), the Black Panther Party(BPP), and Rastafarianism and its members to see themselves as a part of the Black nation or community and the women of these groups to see their identity tied in with the goals and desires of the group not as one set on individualistic ambitions. The Africana womanist did not see herself as an individual but rather a vital part of the entire Black community. -
How Anwar Al-Awlaki Became the Face of Western Jihad
As American as Apple Pie: How Anwar al-Awlaki Became the Face of Western Jihad Alexander Meleagrou-Hitchens Foreword by Lord Carlile of Berriew QC A policy report published by the International Centre for the Study of Radicalisation and Political Violence (ICSR) ABOUT ICSR The International Centre for the Study of Radicalisation and Political Violence (ICSR) is a unique partnership in which King’s College London, the University of Pennsylvania, the Interdisciplinary Center Herzliya (Israel), the Regional Center for Conflict Prevention Amman (Jordan) and Georgetown University are equal stakeholders. The aim and mission of ICSR is to bring together knowledge and leadership to counter the growth of radicalisation and political violence. For more information, please visit www.icsr.info. CONTACT DETAILS For questions, queries and additional copies of this report, please contact: ICSR King’s College London 138 –142 Strand London WC2R 1HH United Kingdom T. +44 (0)20 7848 2065 F. +44 (0)20 7848 2748 E. [email protected] Like all other ICSR publications, this report can be downloaded free of charge from the ICSR website at www.icsr.info. © ICSR 2011 AUTHOR’S NOTE This report contains many quotes from audio lectures as well as online forums and emails. All of these have been reproduced in their original syntax, including all spelling and grammatical errors. Contents Foreword 2 Letter of Support from START 3 Glossary of Terms 4 Executive Summary 6 Chapter 1 Introduction 9 Chapter 2 Methodology and Key Concepts 13 Social Movement Theory 13 Framing and -
Oil and Security Policies
Oil and Security Policies <UN> International Comparative Social Studies Editor-in-Chief Mehdi P. Amineh (Amsterdam Institute for Social Science Research, University of Amsterdam, International Institute for Asian Studies, University of Leiden) Editorial Board Sjoerd Beugelsdijk (Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands) Simon Bromley (Open University, uk) Harald Fuhr (University of Potsdam, Germany) Gerd Junne (University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands) Kurt W. Radtke (International Institute for Asian Studies, The Netherlands) Ngo Tak-Wing (University of Leiden, The Netherlands) Mario Rutten (University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands) Advisory Board W.A. Arts (University College Utrecht, The Netherlands) G.C.M. Lieten (University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands) H.W. van Schendel (University of Amsterdam/International Institute of Social History, Amsterdam) L.A. Visano (York University, Canada) VOLUME 32 The titles published in this series are listed at brill.com/icss <UN> Oil and Security Policies Saudi Arabia, 1950–2012 By Islam Y. Qasem LEIDEN | BOSTON <UN> Cover illustration: © Ruletkka|Dreamstime.com. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Qasem, Islam Y., author. Oil and security policies : Saudi Arabia, 1950-2012 / by Islam Y. Qasem. pages cm. -- (International comparative social studies, ISSN 1568-4474 ; volume 32) Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-90-04-27774-8 (hardback : alk. paper) 1. Petroleum industry and trade--Political aspects--Saudi Arabia. 2. Energy consumption--Political aspects--Saudi Arabia. 3. Internal security--Saudi Arabia. 4. National security--Saudi Arabia. 5. Security, International--Saudi Arabia. 6. Saudi Arabia--Foreign relations. I. Title. HD9576.S32Q26 2015 338.2’72820953809045--dc23 2015028649 This publication has been typeset in the multilingual “Brill” typeface. -
Pediatric Viral Respiratory Infections in Saudi Arabia: Narrative and Descriptive Revisits for the Etiology, Epidemiology and Cl
June 2020 KUWAIT MEDICAL JOURNAL 118 Review Article Pediatric viral respiratory infections in Saudi Arabia: Narrative and descriptive revisits for the etiology, epidemiology and clinical phenotypes with diagnostic challenges highlights Ayed A Shati1, Abdelwahid S Ali2, Ahmed M Al-Hakami2, Ali A Asseri1, Saleh M Al-Qahatani1 1Department of Child Health, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia 2Department of Microbiology and Clinical Parasitology, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia Kuwait Medical Journal 2020; 52 (2): 118 - 128 ABSTRACT Objective: To review, describe and narrate the etiology, Up to 2019, 35 studies were published in the topic. The epidemiology and clinical phenotypes of pediatric viral highest number of reports was for respiratory syncytial respiratory infections (PVRIs) in Saudi Arabia (KSA) viruses (n=17, 48.6%), while bocaviruses are the least Design: A comprehensive electronic search of the reported viruses (n=3, 8.6%). Clinical presentations literature for PVRIs in KSA reported suggested both upper and lower respiratory Setting:An electronic search in PubMed, SCOPUS, Google tract infections. PVRIs were reported from Riyadh, Al- Scholar and MEDLINE Qassim, Jazan, Jeddah, Dammam, Najran, Taif and Subjects: Articles published up till 2019 and those that Abha. Immunofluorescence assays, enzyme-linked dealt with the detection of viruses from clinical specimens immunosorbent assay, polymerase chain reaction and Interventions: Retrieved articles were subtly studied. Data virus isolation were employed. obtained included the virus reported, year of publication, Conclusion(s): In this review communication, we diagnostics, region or city, research purpose, the season of described the etiology, epidemiology and clinical infection and hospital of admission (if any). -
Islamic Extremism in Saudi Arabia and the Attack on Al Khobar
CSIS_______________________________ Center for Strategic and International Studies 1800 K Street N.W. Washington, DC 20006 (202) 775-3270 [email protected] Islamic Extremism in Saudi Arabia and the Attack on Al Khobar Review Draft – Circulated for Comment Anthony H. Cordesman Arleigh A. Burke Chair in Strategy June 2001 Copyright Anthony H. Cordesman, all rights reserved Saudi Islamic Extremism and Al Khobar 6/22/01 Page ii Introduction This draft analysis is be circulated for comment as part of the CSIS “Saudi Arabia Enters the 21st Century Project.” It will be extensively revised before final publication. Those interested in commenting, or in participating in the project, should contact Anthony H. Cordesman at the address shown on the cover sheet at [email protected]. This draft is copyright. It may be referenced, or quoted at lengths of less than one page, with proper attribution to the author and CSIS, and to the fact it is a draft document. Copyright Anthony H. Cordesman, all rights reserved Saudi Islamic Extremism and Al Khobar 6/22/01 Page iii Table of Contents Introduction...............................................................................................................................................................ii Saudi Arabia’s Islamic Extremists ................................................................................................................. 2 Islamic Extremism and Saudi Youth............................................................................................................... 3 The -
Malcolm X and Christianity
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by ScholarBank@NUS MALCOLM X AND CHRISTIANITY FATHIE BIN ALI ABDAT (B. Arts, Hons) A THESIS SUBMITTED FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF ARTS DEPARTMENT OF HISTORY NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF SINGAPORE 2008 Acknowledgements I extend my sincerest gratitude first to the National University of Singapore (NUS) for granting me the Masters Research Scholarship that enabled me to carry out this undertaking. Also, my thanks go out to the librarians at various universities for assisting me track down countless number of primary and secondary sources that were literally scattered around the world. Without their tireless dedication and effort, this thesis would not have been feasible. The NUS library forked out a substantial sum of money purchasing dozens of books and journals for which I am grateful for. In New York, the friendly staff at Columbia University’s Butler Library, Union Theological Seminary’s Burke Library and Schomburg Centre for Research in Black Culture provided me access to newspaper articles, FBI files, rare books and archival materials that provided much content for my work. In Malaysia, the staff at the University of Malaya enabled me to browse through Za’aba’s extensive private collection that included the journal, Moslem World & the U.S.A. In the process of writing this thesis, I am indebted to various faculty members at the Department of History such as Assoc. Prof. Ian Gordon, Assoc. Prof. Michael Feener and Assoc. Prof. Thomas Dubois, who in one way or another, helped shape my ideas on Malcolm X’s intellectual beliefs and developed my skills as an apprentice historian. -
Attacking the Leader, Missing the Mark Attacking the Leader, Jenna Jordan Missing the Mark Why Terrorist Groups Survive Decapitation Strikes
Attacking the Leader, Missing the Mark Attacking the Leader, Jenna Jordan Missing the Mark Why Terrorist Groups Survive Decapitation Strikes Does leadership de- capitation lead to the demise of terrorist organizations? Can the United States undermine or destroy terrorist organizations such as al-Qaida by arresting or killing their leaders? What explains organizational resilience to leadership tar- geting? Leadership decapitation, or the killing or capturing of the leaders of terrorist organizations, has become a core feature of U.S. counterterrorism policy. Many scholars and analysts claim that it weakens terrorist organiza- tions and reduces the threat they pose. Unsurprisingly, they saw the killing of Osama bin Laden on May 2, 2011, in Abbottabad, Pakistan, as a major tactical victory for President Barack Obama and for the broader war on terrorism. De- spite the success of this operation and subsequent attacks on al-Qaida leaders, decapitation is unlikely to diminish the ability of al-Qaida to continue its activ- ities in the long run. Rather, it may have counterproductive consequences, em- boldening or strengthening the organization. Since the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001, the United States has killed or captured many al-Qaida leaders as part of a general campaign to de- capitate the organization. It has employed a variety of military operations to achieve this objective, including raids by Special Operations forces. Both bin Laden and Abu Musab al-Zarqawi, leader of al-Qaida in Iraq, were killed as a result of such raids. On October 5, 2012, U.S. forces captured Abu Anas al-Libi, an al-Qaida leader, in a raid in Libya. -
U.S. Department of Justice Federal Bureau of Investigation Washington, D.C. 20535 August 24, 2020 MR. JOHN GREENEWALD JR. SUITE
U.S. Department of Justice Federal Bureau of Investigation Washington, D.C. 20535 August 24, 2020 MR. JOHN GREENEWALD JR. SUITE 1203 27305 WEST LIVE OAK ROAD CASTAIC, CA 91384-4520 FOIPA Request No.: 1374338-000 Subject: List of FBI Pre-Processed Files/Database Dear Mr. Greenewald: This is in response to your Freedom of Information/Privacy Acts (FOIPA) request. The FBI has completed its search for records responsive to your request. Please see the paragraphs below for relevant information specific to your request as well as the enclosed FBI FOIPA Addendum for standard responses applicable to all requests. Material consisting of 192 pages has been reviewed pursuant to Title 5, U.S. Code § 552/552a, and this material is being released to you in its entirety with no excisions of information. Please refer to the enclosed FBI FOIPA Addendum for additional standard responses applicable to your request. “Part 1” of the Addendum includes standard responses that apply to all requests. “Part 2” includes additional standard responses that apply to all requests for records about yourself or any third party individuals. “Part 3” includes general information about FBI records that you may find useful. Also enclosed is our Explanation of Exemptions. For questions regarding our determinations, visit the www.fbi.gov/foia website under “Contact Us.” The FOIPA Request number listed above has been assigned to your request. Please use this number in all correspondence concerning your request. If you are not satisfied with the Federal Bureau of Investigation’s determination in response to this request, you may administratively appeal by writing to the Director, Office of Information Policy (OIP), United States Department of Justice, 441 G Street, NW, 6th Floor, Washington, D.C. -
Clarence Smith, :5 Was Committed from NY County on Ll/16/65, and Admitted to Matteawan State Hospital on Ll/26/65
Q _. __'_ | ' ' e ~~ r 01-. -ii»? _ --1. 3.-IA - i 92 ' ro-1:2 Rev.4-11-ea! . , clnanu loan Io. we can-sea _ , can$1 cu I908 no. QIDIIca. ar . _ /I 'f umrao srxras co.-Iaxwmnrrr J "' --54" XMemorandum !=/'7 Directar.FB1 100-AAQ636 I Bule-DA-r|.;, . 1/17/55 v . no = no NEW tom: 00-150520! CardsCard :11-=4 '. ' I/SP $UlJB¢'l= CLARENCE EDWARD smnn aka 6/5;/'22 %VdK N 5; é SM-NOI ooimz! , / / 4 Re NY Summary Report, dated and captioned as a ove. I] Index Itia recommended Card be prepared onthat a Security Uthe captioned TheSecurity individual Index Card ahould on thebe above-captioned individual. changed an followa Japecify I, §'92_ change only! : CLARENCE EDWARD SMITH *"" Clarence sm1_u1_.1¢_wars0 , Clarenc§_3X§_mith, Clarence 13X, "A_1_I_L_ah", "Pgd_di_n" H Q Native Born U Naturalized D Alien UCommunist D Socialiat Workera Party/ BIndependent Socialiat Leanne E Miacellaneoua apecify!Nati on or Islam INQI! E] Tab for Detcom R." NGEPO Is m llale UFemale Date of Birth Placeof Birth L 2/22/28 - Danville, Virginia i Buaineaa Addreaa showname of employing concem and addrcaa! 5*! 1I Unemployed "4-Q-1'='=-1-ho-ve+ ALI. HEREININFQRNIATIQII IS UNCLASSIFIED CONTAINED_ 92 5: Key Facility Data : ¢;..,,,.,h;¢.1 Reference Number ' ' Rnponaibility ii lnterested Agencies I QC-.59 _ 1, ' elidence Addreac -"~/ I - 'Pr¢-we-tl;v_c.on41i-nee-¢,£@ Hygiene. New York state Department -_.... ----of Mental-""" Q3-Bi:-eau 1 New York 11 ,1:-.*: 19 --~*-> *4"-3 suBY- CQNIILU so O 0 > s. -
ARAMACO and TAPLINE in INTERNATIONAL OIL By
ARAMACO AND TAPLINE IN INTERNATIONAL OIL by John W. Shine Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Bachelor of Science at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (19535) signature of author Vartment of Economics d0,Engineexin-g , certified by_ Charles P. Kindleberger Thesis Supervisor it Room 14-0551 77 Massachusetts Avenue Cambridge, MA 02139 Ph: 617.253.2800 MITibraries Email: [email protected] Document Services http://libraries.mit.edu/docs DISCLAIMER OF QUALITY Due to the condition of the original material, there are unavoidable flaws in this reproduction. We have made every effort possible to provide you with the best copy available. If you are dissatisfied with this product and find it unusable, please contact Document Services as soon as possible. Thank you. 100 Saint Marys Street Boston 15, Massachusetts May 25, 1953 Professor Joseph S. Newell Secretary of the Faculty Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge 39, Massachusetts Dear Professor Newell: In accordance with the recuirements for graduation, I herewith submit a thesis entitled OAramco and Tapline in International Cil." Sincerely yours, John W. Shine TABLE OF CONTENTS I. Introduction.................. II. Saudi Arabia........................... 4. III. Aramco and Tapline Development.............14. IV. General World Trade Pattern................35. V. Factors Affecting World Trade..............43. A. Ownership and Control of Oil Operations B. Base-Point Pricing System.............44. C. Oil Tankers...........................47. D. The Dollar