Challenges and opportunities for bone health

*Han-sung Kim1 1 Department of Biomedical Engineering & Institute of Medical Engineering, Yonsei University & Yonsei-Fraunhofer medical device lab Space mission

One Man One Way Trip(2020) SpaceX Dragon, 2018년 50대 부부 화성 우주인 프로젝트 화성 개척 우주인 모집 2022년 Space Exploration Technologies Corp., USA Inspiration Mars Foundation, USA Mars One, Netherlands

Spaceship2, Whiteknight2 The Spaceship company, USA H-IIB F4, (2013.8.4 예정) Curiosity (12.8.6) 선저우 神舟 호 귀환 Naro 3 13.1.30 ( ) 9 Epsilon-1, (2013.8.22 예정) (12.6.29) Diane Byerly, Ph.D. NASA Johnson Space Center Houston, TX Human Mars Mission Flight Profile Transit out: 161 days Mars Departure Jan. 24, 2022 Mars surface stay: 573 days Return: 154 days 3

Earth Departure 1 Jan. 20, 2020

Mars Arrival June 30, 2020 2 4 Earth Arrival June 26, 2022

Earth Orbit At least 2years Mars Orbit Piloted Trajectories Stay on Mars Surface are need!! Bone Loss in Space

Bone Loss Bone Remodeling

Bone Bone formation resorbtion

Bone formation Normal bone Bone resorbtion

Bone Bone formation resorbtion

Bone Bone resorbtion formation

Bone Loss in Space

unloading Bed rest

Animal experiment Cell experiment

Hind-limb suspenstion Denervation 3D Clinostat Unloading Animal Model (Sciatic Nerve Neurectomy) Co-research with KARI

 Unloading animal model from sciatic nerve neurectomy  Sciatic nerve neurectomy  In-vivo micro-CT (Skyscan 1076)

Ko et al. (2011), J Biomech Eng Circadian Rhythms

Induced night shift by regulation of light  Increased accumulation of ADT may lead to child obesity, adult disease

 Bone loss may leads to increase fracture risk and inhibit growth of bone Disturbance of circadian rhythms Pharmacotherapy

Suppress Bone resorption

Recovery Whole body vibration (non pharmacotherapy)

 Liver damage, stomach hemorrhage  Muscle pain  Hard to apply to patients and elders  Vertigo, vomitWe and indigestionneed to develop

alternative therapies capable of overcoming the limitation. Unloading Animal Model (Hind-Limb) + Partial Vibration  Hind-limb model

Emily (2002), J Appl Physiol The hind-limb unloading cage The hind-limb system Korea-Japan network

Korea Japan Introduction

Bone Hard Tooth tissue

Cartilage Contrast Agent

Liver

Soft Blood vessel tissue Fat Lung Measurement Fat Volume

fat lean

threshold fat lumbr vertebral method

lumbar skin vertebral lean skin