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Mars One Applicant Study Material Booklet

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Mars One Applicant Study Material Booklet COMPILED BY MICHAEL GRUNDLING Index: PAGE WHAT ’S THE HISTORIC SUCCESS RATE OF MISSIONS TO MARS ............................................................... 3 THE ROADMAP ..................................................................................................................................... 5 WHAT HAPPENS AFTER THE FIRST HUMANS ’ ARRIVAL ON MARS ? ............................................................. 11 WILL THE MISSION BE HARMFUL TO MARS ’ ENVIRONMENT ? ..................................................................... 12 IS THIS A SUSTAINABLE MISSION ?........................................................................................................... 13 WHAT GOVERNMENTAL SYSTEM AND SOCIAL STRUCTURE WILL BE IMPLEMENTED ON MARS ? .................... 14 WHAT WILL THE ASTRONAUTS DO ON MARS ? ......................................................................................... 15 WHAT ARE THE RISKS OF DUST AND SAND ON MARS ? ............................................................................. 17 IS IT SAFE TO LIVE ON MARS ? ................................................................................................................ 19 HOW SAFE IS THE JOURNEY ? ................................................................................................................. 20 HOW LONG DOES IT TAKE TO TRAVEL TO MARS ? .................................................................................... 21 WHY MARS , AND NOT ANOTHER PLANET ? .............................................................................................. 22 WHY SHOULD WE GO TO MARS ? ............................................................................................................ 23 WHY IS THE ROVER ON THE SECOND INSTEAD OF ON THE FIRST MISSION TO MARS ? ................................ 24 WILL MARS ONE USE ADVANCED TECHNOLOGIES LIKE TERRAFORMING AND NUCLEAR PROPULSION ? ........ 25 THE TECHNOLOGY ................................................................................................................................ 26 HOW DOES THE MARS BASE COMMUNICATE WITH EARTH ? ...................................................................... 28 HOW MUCH LIVING SPACE WILL THE ASTRONAUTS HAVE ? ........................................................................ 29 HUMANKIND ON MARS .......................................................................................................................... 30 WILL THE ASTRONAUTS HAVE ENOUGH WATER , FOOD AND OXYGEN ? ....................................................... 34 CAN THE ASTRONAUTS HAVE CHILDREN ON MARS ? ................................................................................ 36 WHAT ’S MARS ONE ’S VIEW REGARDING RELIGION ON MARS ? ................................................................ 37 IS THIS ETHICAL ? .................................................................................................................................. 38 WILL PSYCHOLOGICAL ISSUES BECOME A PROBLEM FOR THE ASTRONAUTS ? ............................................ 40 ARTICLE : THE UNCHARTED TERRITORIES OF MARS : IS SCIENCE ENOUGH ? ............................................. 41 WHAT IF ONE OF THE MARS INHABITANTS PASSES AWAY ? ....................................................................... 44 Applicant Study Material Page 1 WHAT KIND OF MEDICAL FACILITIES WILL BE AVAILABLE ON MARS ? .......................................................... 45 HOW WILL THE MARS MISSION PHYSICALLY AFFECT THE ASTRONAUTS ? ................................................... 46 HOW MUCH RADIATION WILL THE SETTLERS BE EXPOSED TO ? ................................................................. 48 WHICH GROUP OF ASTRONAUTS WILL GO FIRST ? .................................................................................... 50 HOW ARE THE ASTRONAUTS PREPARED? ............................................................................................... 51 WHY WILL MULTIPLE GROUPS TRAIN TO GO TO MARS ? ............................................................................ 53 WHAT ROLES DO VIEWS , RATING AND POPULARITY PLAY IN THE ASTRONAUT SELECTION ? ......................... 54 HOW WILL THE ASTRONAUT SELECTION PROCEED ? ................................................................................. 55 WHAT ARE THE QUALIFICATIONS TO APPLY ? ........................................................................................... 57 CAN I APPLY TO BECOME AN ASTRONAUT ? ............................................................................................. 61 Applicant Study Material Page 2 What’s the historic success rate of Missions to Mars? Launch Name Country Result Reason Date 1960 Korabl 4 USSR (flyby) Failure Didn't reach Earth orbit 1960 Korabl 5 USSR (flyby) Failure Didn't reach Earth orbit 1962 Korabl 11 USSR (flyby) Failure Earth orbit only; spacecraft broke apart 1962 Mars 1 USSR (flyby) Failure Radio Failed 1962 Korabl 13 USSR (flyby) Failure Earth orbit only; spacecraft broke apart 1964 Mariner 3 US (flyby) Failure Shroud failed to jettison 1964 Mariner 4 US (flyby) Success Returned 21 images 1964 Zond 2 USSR (flyby) Failure Radio failed 1969 Mars 1969A USSR Failure Launch vehicle failure 1969 Mars 1969B USSR Failure Launch vehicle failure 1969 Mariner 6 US (flyby) Success Returned 75 images 1969 Mariner 7 US (flyby) Success Returned 126 images 1971 Mariner 8 US Failure Launch failure 1971 Kosmos 419 USSR Failure Achieved Earth orbit only 1971 Mars 2 Orbiter/Lander USSR Failure Orbiter arrived, but no useful data and Lander destroyed 1971 Mars 3 Orbiter/Lander USSR Success Orbiter obtained approximately 8 months of data and lander landed safely, but only 20 seconds of data 1971 Mariner 9 US Success Returned 7,329 images 1973 Mars 4 USSR Failure Flew past Mars 1973 Mars 5 USSR Success Returned 60 images; only lasted 9 days 1973 Mars 6 Orbiter/Lander USSR Success/Failure Occultation experiment produced data and Lander failure on descent 1973 Mars 7 Lander USSR Failure Missed planet; now in solar orbit. 1975 Viking 1 Orbiter/Lander US Success Located landing site for Lander and first successful landing on Mars 1975 Viking 2 Orbiter/Lander US Success Returned 16,000 images and extensive atmospheric data and soil experiments 1988 Phobos 1 Orbiter USSR Failure Lost en route to Mars 1988 Phobos 2 Orbiter/Lander USSR Failure Lost near Phobos 1992 Mars Observer US Failure Lost prior to Mars arrival 1996 Mars Global Surveyor US Success More images than all Mars Missions 1996 Mars 96 Russia Failure Launch vehicle failure 1996 Mars Pathfinder US Success Technology experiment lasting 5 times longer than warranty 1998 Nozomi Japan Failure No orbit insertion; fuel problems Applicant Study Material Page 3 1998 Mars Climate Orbiter US Failure Lost on arrival 1999 Mars Polar Lander US Failure Lost on arrival 1999 Deep Space 2 Probes (2) US Failure Lost on arrival (carried on Mars Polar Lander) 2001 Mars Odyssey US Success High resolution images of Mars 2003 Mars Express ESA Success/Failure Orbiter imaging Mars in detail and lander lost on arrival Orbiter/Beagle 2 Lander 2003 Mars Exploration Rover - US Success Operating lifetime of more than 15 times original warranty Spirit 2003 Mars Exploration Rover - US Success Operating lifetime of more than 15 times original warranty Opportunity 2005 Mars Reconnaissance US Success Returned more than 26 terabits of data (more than all Orbiter other Mars missions combined) 2007 Phoenix Mars Lander US Success Returned more than 25 gigabits of data 2011 Mars Science Laboratory US Success Exploring Mars' habitability 2011 Phobos-Grunt/Yinghuo-1 Russia/China Failure Stranded in Earth orbit 2013 Mars Atmosphere and US Success Studying the Martian atmosphere Volatile Evolution 2013 Mars Orbiter Mission India Success Develop interplanetary technologies and explore Mars' (MOM) surface features, mineralogy and atmosphere. Applicant Study Material Page 4 The Roadmap Sending a spacecraft to Mars is obviously extremely complex. For this reason, the first mission that Mars One will send to surface of Mars will be a full demonstration mission, using a controlled lander. Assuming this mission succeeds, seven more cargo missions will follow. Applicant Study Material Page 5 Applicant Study Material Page 6 Applicant Study Material Page 7 Applicant Study Material Page 8 Applicant Study Material Page 9 Each of these eight relatively low-risk cargo missions will teach us more about the end-to-end process. Meticulous analysis of mission data from each mission will provide invaluable knowledge that can be used to ensure that future missions run as smoothly as possible, and that all possible safeguards and system redundancies have been properly implemented. In this way, all risks to payloads and transport vehicles can be absolutely minimized. Only after these eight cargo missions have successfully landed, and the mission process has been perfected as far as is humanly possible, will our first crew depart, using an identical system. - See more at: http://www.mars-one.com/faq/finance-and-feasibility/whats-the- historic-success-rate-of-missions-to-mars#sthash.qZjqGatF.dpuf Applicant Study Material Page 10 What happens after the first humans’ arrival on Mars? The arrival of the first four Mars inhabitants is just the beginning of this great adventure. The astronauts will be followed by more groups, spaced every two years, which will eventually lead to the base becoming a small village. At first, expansion will be
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