University of Anbar

College of Pharmacy Pharmaceutical calculation Lab: 1

The pharmaceutical preparation, as the final forms used for medication must be effective and safe. It should be accurate quantitatively and qualitatively.

Quantitatively:

It means the amount (wt. or vol.) of the ingredient be accurate.

Qualitatively:

It means the identity of the ingredient be certain.

Instruments used in pharmaceutical preparation

1. A watch glass is a circular, slightly convex-concave piece of glass used in chemistry as a surface to evaporate a liquid, to hold solids while being weighed, or as a cover for a beaker. 2. Test tubes are widely used by chemists to hold, mix, or heat small quantities of solid or liquid chemicals, especially for qualitative experiments and assays. Their round bottom and straight sides minimize mass loss when pouring, make them easier to clean, and allow convenient monitoring of the contents. The long, narrow neck slows down the spreading of vapors and gases to the environment. 3. Beaker: The traditional use of a beaker is to hold liquids. They are usually used in a scientific setting. Being glass, they can reach higher temperatures than plastic, so they are preferable in many science experiments. 4. Funnel: It is used to channel liquid or fine-grained substances into containers with a small opening. Without a funnel, spillage would occur. 5. Mortars and pestles were traditionally used in pharmacies to crush various ingredients prior to preparing a prescription. 6. A volumetric flask is a type of glassware utilized in laboratories for accurately measuring volumes of liquids.

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7. Filter paper is a semi-permeable paper barrier placed perpendicular to a liquid or air flow. It is used to separate fine solids from liquids or air. 8. A pipette (also called a pipet, pipettor or chemical dropper) is a laboratory instrument used to transport a small measured volume of liquid. 9. Balance: It is an instruments used to measure the weights of solid substances. 10. Thermometer: It is an instruments used to measure the temperature of liquid materials. 11. Water Bath: it is instruments used to heat the substances and covert it from one state to another. Also, used to complete the chemical reaction that required heat and to increase the solubility of substance in certain solvent. 12. Washing Bottle: It is a tool used for washing the instruments. 13. Cylindrical measure cylinder: It is instrument used to measure the volume of the liquid materials. 14. Conical measure cylinder: It is used to measure the volume of the liquid materials that required mixing together. 15. Stirrer: A tool use for mixing of liquid materials. 16. Slab and spatula: It is a tool used in for mixing of solid with semisolid material and used in pharmacy or pharmaceutical laboratory to prepare ointments and cream. 17. Conical flask: is a type of glassware utilized in laboratories for holding the liquid materials that required mixing and shaking.

Reference text: lab Manual for Practical Pharmaceutical CalculationAdopted by the Department.

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