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7Th European Conference on Space Debris
JBIS Journal of the British Interplanetary Society VOL. 70 No. 2/3/4 FEBRUARY/MARCH/APRIL 2017 Contents 7TH EUROPEAN CONFERENCE ON SPACE DEBRIS Temporal Analysis of ENVISAT’s Rotational Motion Debris Attitude Motion Measurements and Modelling by Combining Different Observation Techniques Assessment of Post-Manoeuvre Observation Correlation Using Short-Arc Tracklets Optical Measurements Association Using Optimized Boundary Value Initial Orbit Determination Coupled with Markov Clustering Algorithm Method of Predicting and Processing Breakups of Space Objects GESTRA-Technology Aspects and Mode Design for Space Surveillance and Tracking Information-Theoretic Approaches to Space Object Collision Risk Induced by the Uncatalogued Space Debris Population in the Presence of Large Constellations Sensitivity of the Space Debris Environment to Large Constellations and Small Satellites Status of the Space Environment: Current Level of Adherence to the Space Debris Mitigation Fast Re-Entry Deorbitation with Acceptable Risk Level Architecture and First Achievements of a Simulation for the Approach of an Uncooperative Target E.Deorbit - ESA’s Active Debris Removal Mission Airbus DS Vision Based Navigation Solutions Tested on LIRIS Experiment Data ISSN 0007-084X www.bis-space.com Publication Date: 15 August 2017 GUEST EDITOR International Advisory Board Dr Holger Krag, ESA DEPUTY EDITOR Rachel Armstrong, Newcastle University, UK Duncan Law-Green Peter Bainum, Howard University, USA ASSOCIATE EDITORS Stephen Ashworth Stephen Baxter, Science & Science Fiction Writer, UK Keith Cooper Stephen Gamble James Benford, Microwave Sciences, California, USA Paul Gilster Rob Swinney James Biggs, The University of Strathclyde, UK PRODUCTION ASSISTANT Anu Bowman, Foundation for Enterprise Development, California, USA B. Jones Gerald Cleaver, Baylor University, USA PROMOTION G. -
Deep Space Chronicle Deep Space Chronicle: a Chronology of Deep Space and Planetary Probes, 1958–2000 | Asifa
dsc_cover (Converted)-1 8/6/02 10:33 AM Page 1 Deep Space Chronicle Deep Space Chronicle: A Chronology ofDeep Space and Planetary Probes, 1958–2000 |Asif A.Siddiqi National Aeronautics and Space Administration NASA SP-2002-4524 A Chronology of Deep Space and Planetary Probes 1958–2000 Asif A. Siddiqi NASA SP-2002-4524 Monographs in Aerospace History Number 24 dsc_cover (Converted)-1 8/6/02 10:33 AM Page 2 Cover photo: A montage of planetary images taken by Mariner 10, the Mars Global Surveyor Orbiter, Voyager 1, and Voyager 2, all managed by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Pasadena, California. Included (from top to bottom) are images of Mercury, Venus, Earth (and Moon), Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune. The inner planets (Mercury, Venus, Earth and its Moon, and Mars) and the outer planets (Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune) are roughly to scale to each other. NASA SP-2002-4524 Deep Space Chronicle A Chronology of Deep Space and Planetary Probes 1958–2000 ASIF A. SIDDIQI Monographs in Aerospace History Number 24 June 2002 National Aeronautics and Space Administration Office of External Relations NASA History Office Washington, DC 20546-0001 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Siddiqi, Asif A., 1966 Deep space chronicle: a chronology of deep space and planetary probes, 1958-2000 / by Asif A. Siddiqi. p.cm. – (Monographs in aerospace history; no. 24) (NASA SP; 2002-4524) Includes bibliographical references and index. 1. Space flight—History—20th century. I. Title. II. Series. III. NASA SP; 4524 TL 790.S53 2002 629.4’1’0904—dc21 2001044012 Table of Contents Foreword by Roger D. -
Space Activities 2019
Space Activities in 2019 Jonathan McDowell [email protected] 2020 Jan 12 Rev 1.3 Contents Preface 3 1 Orbital Launch Attempts 3 1.1 Launch statistics by country . 3 1.2 Launch failures . 4 1.3 Commercial Launches . 4 2 Satellite Launch Statistics 6 2.1 Satellites of the major space powers, past 8 years . 6 2.2 Satellite ownership by country . 7 2.3 Satellite manufacture by country . 11 3 Scientific Space Programs 11 4 Military Space Activities 12 4.1 Military R&D . 12 4.2 Space surveillance . 12 4.3 Reconnaissance and Signals Intelligence . 13 4.4 Space Weapons . 13 5 Special Topics 13 5.1 The Indian antisatellite test and its implications . 13 5.2 Starlink . 19 5.3 Lightsail-2 . 24 5.4 Kosmos-2535/2536 . 25 5.5 Kosmos-2542/2543 . 29 5.6 Starliner . 29 5.7 OTV-5 and its illegal secret deployments . 32 5.8 TJS-3 . 33 6 Orbital Debris and Orbital Decay 35 6.1 Disposal of launch vehicle upper stages . 36 6.2 Orbituaries . 39 6.3 Retirements in the GEO belt . 42 6.4 Debris events . 43 7 Acknowledgements 43 Appendix 1: 2019 Orbital Launch Attempts 44 1 Appendix 2a: Satellite payloads launched in 2018 (Status end 2019) 46 Appendix 2b: Satellite payloads deployed in 2018 (Revised; Status end 2019) 55 Appendix 2c: Satellite payloads launched in 2019 63 Appendix 2d: Satellite payloads deployed in 2019 72 Rev 1.0 - Jan 02 Initial version Rev 1.1 - Jan 02 Fixed two incorrect values in tables 4a/4b Rev 1.2 - Jan 02 Minor typos fixed Rev 1.3 - Jan 12 Corrected RL10 variant, added K2491 debris event, more typos 2 Preface In this paper I present some statistics characterizing astronautical activity in calendar year 2019. -
The History of Us Anti-Satellite Weapons '
CASE STUDY 1 THE HISTORY OF US ANTI-SATELLITE WEAPONS ':.: THE HISTORY OF US ANTISATELLITE WEAPON SYSTEMS ---------------------------------------------- Contents I. INTRODUCTION 1 II. THE HISTORY OF US AND SOVIET ASAT PROGRAMS AND OF DIPLOMATIC INTERACTIONS 4 1) The General Context, The Genesis of Ideas and the Derivation of US Programs 4 2) Orbital Nuclear Weapons, The USSR Threat, US Concept Studies and Early Negotiations (1962-1963) 9 3) US Antisatellite Programs 13 4) The USSR Antisatellite Program, 1968 to the Present 27 5) US-USSR Negotiations for ASAT Control (1977-1979) 35 III. DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS 42 IV. REFERENCES AND NOTES 53 V• TABLES AND FIGURES 66 VI • APPENDICES 1 ) US Satellite Monitoring and Tracking Systems 81 2) The X-20, DYNA-SOAR 88 3) Other Lifting Body Reentry Vehicles 96 4) The Space Shuttle 100 5) "Space Denia1" (1958-1963) 104 - 1 - I. INTRODUCTION The military significance of antisatellite (ASAT) systems is in the importance of the capabilities that they threaten. The uses of satellites in support of military programs has burgeoned into an ever increasing number of areas. Reconnaissance satellites provide information on the location and numbers of strategic weapons, the disposition of fleets and strike forces, and the deployment of tactical forces in wartime. Communi cations satellites provide enormously enhanced command-and-control capa bilities in the disposition of one's forces. Early-warning systems alert one to the launch of the opponent's strategic missiles. Geodetic satellites provide information for the targeting of one's own weapons· and the improve ment of their accuracy. Weather satellites aid fleets to hide under cover and aircraft to improve their routes to targets or destinations. -
Soviet Space Programs: 1976-80 (With Supplementary Data Through 1983)
DOCUMENT RESUME ED 258 832 SE 045 828 TITLE Soviet Space Programs: 1976-80 (with Supplementary Data through 1983). Unmanned Space Activities. Part 3. Prepared at the Request of Hon. John C. Danforth, Chairman, Committee on Commerce, Science and Transportation, United States Sena,a, Ninety-Ninth Congress, First Session. INSTITUTION Congress of the U.S., Washington, D.C. Senate Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation. REPORT NO Senate-Prt-98-235 PUB DATE May 85 NOTE 390p.; For Part 2, see ED 257 672. AVAILABLE FROM Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC 20402. PUB TYPE Legal/Legislative/Regulatory Materials (090)-- Reports Research/Technical (143) EDRS PRICE MF01/PC16 Plus Postage. DESCRIPTORS *Aerospace Technology; Communications; *Satellites (Aerospace); Science History; *Space Exploration; *Space Sciences IDENTIFIERS Congress 99th; *USSR ABSTRACT This report, the third and final part of a three-part study of Soviet space programs, provides a comprehensive survey of the Soviet space science programs and the Soviet military space programs, including its long history of anti-satellite activity. Chapter 1 is an overview of the unmanhed space programs (1957-83). Chapter 2 reports on significant activities in Soviet unmanned flight programs (1981-83), including space science activities, space applications, and military missions. Chapter 3 provides detailed information on Soviet unmanned scientific programs, considering the early years, suborbital programs, earth orbital development and science, the Soviet lunar program, and other areas. Chapter 4 provides additional information on applications of space activities to the Soviet economy, examining meteorological satellites, and space manufacturing. Chapter 6 discusses Soviet military space activities, documenting their uses of space systems for military purposes. -
US-Soviet Cooperation in Space July 1985
U.S.-Soviet Cooperation in Space July 1985 NTIS order #PB86-114578 Recommended Citation: U.S.-Soviet Cooperation in Space (Washington, DC: U.S. Congress, Office of Technol- ogy Assessment, OTA-TM-STI-27, July 1985). Library of Congress Catalog Card Number 85-600561 For sale by the Superintendent of Documents U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC 20402 Foreword Space holds a fascination for all of us. For many, it represents a final physical fron- tier—a place to explore the very essence of knowledge, to experiment with new tech- nology, and to seek new levels of human adaptation and change. As the major spacefaring nation on our planet, the United States has taken special pride in our achievements in space. Discoveries in space science have already added immensely to our fund of knowledge. U.S. scientists have moved quickly to take advantage of new opportunities for learning, and the future of scientific work in space is virtually unlimited. Given the promise of space, an additional issue comes to the fore. How can the United States proceed in space in relation to the other principal spacefaring nation and superpower—the Soviet Union? What is to be gained or lost by working together in space? With regard to science in particular, can the two countries benefit from joint efforts? Can the two countries cooperate as well as compete? Since the beginning of the space age, the two countries have been examining these questions. This study was requested by Senators Matsunaga, Mathias, and Pen as a means to shed light on the subject at the time of the I0th anniversary of the major U. -
LKEB-9812-1990, Rev
PROTON LAUNCH SYSTEM MISSION PLANNER’S GUIDE Experience ILS | Achieve Your Mission QUALITY | PERFORMANCE | EXPERIENCE | DEDICATION www.ilslaunch.com www.ilslaunch.com The technical data included in this document has been cleared for public release by DOD/Office of Security Review under case #09-S-2831 and #09-S-3173, on 2 September 2009 and 7 October 2009, respectively. Ref: LKEB-9812-1990, Rev. 7 Revision 7 July 2009 PROTON LAUNCH SYSTEM MISSION PLANNER’S GUIDE REVISION NOTICE This document supersedes the Proton Launch System Mission Planner’s Guide - Revision 6, dated December 2004 DISCLOSURE OF DATA LEGEND The technical data included in this document has been cleared for public release by DOD/Office of Security Review under case #09-S-2831 and #09-S-3173, on 2 September 2009 and 7 October 2009, respectively. (Ref: LKEB-9812-1990, Revision 7) 2009 ILS International Launch Services, Inc. International Launch Services 1875 Explorer Street, Suite 700 Reston, Virginia 20190 USA Intentionally Blank Proton Launch System Mission Planner’s Guide, LKEB-9812-1990 Revision 7, July 2009 FOREWORD The Proton Launch System Mission Planner’s Guide is intended to provide information to potential Customers and spacecraft (SC) suppliers, concerning SC design criteria, Baikonur processing facilities, Proton launch capability, available mission analysis and custom engineering support, documentation availability and requirements, and program planning. It is intended to serve as an aid to the planning of future missions but should not be construed as a contractual commitment. The units of measurement referred to in this document are based on the International System of Units (SI), with English units given in parentheses and all identified dimensions shown should be considered as approximate. -
Rockets and People Volume IV:The Moon Race ISBN 978-0-16-089559-3 F Ro As El T Yb Eh S Epu Ir Tn E Edn Tn Fo D Co Mu E Tn .U S S G
Rockets and People Volume IV:The Moon Race ISBN 978-0-16-089559-3 F ro as el t yb eh S epu ir tn e edn tn fo D co mu e tn .U s S G , . evo r emn tn P ir tn i O gn eciff I tn re en :t skoob t ro e . opg . vog enohP : lot l f eer ( 668 ) 215 - 0081 ; D C a er ( a 202 ) 15 -2 0081 90000 aF :x ( 202 ) 215 - 4012 aM :li S t I po CCD W , ihsa gn t no D , C 0402 -2 1000 ISBN 978-0-16-089559-3 9 780160 895593 ISBN 978-0-16-089559-3 F ro leas b y t eh S pu e ri tn e dn e tn D fo co mu e tn s , .U Svo . e G r mn e tn P ri tn i gn fficeO I tn er en t: koob s t ro e. opg . vog : Plot l nohf ree e ( 668 ) 215 - 0081 ; C Da re a ( 202 ) 15 -2 0081 90000 Fa :x ( 202 ) 215 - 4012 il:M S a t po DCI C, W a hs i gn t no , D C 0402 -2 1000 ISBN 978-0-16-089559-3 9 780160 895593 Rockets and People Volume IV:The Moon Race Boris Chertok Asif Siddiqi, Series Editor The NASA History Series National Aeronautics and Space Administration Office of Communications History Program Office Washington, DC NASA SP-2011-4110 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Chertok, B. E. -
HISTORY of ON-ORBIT SATELLITE FRAGMENTATIONS 13Th Edition
JSC 62530 HISTORY OF ON-ORBIT SATELLITE FRAGMENTATIONS 13th Edition Orbital Debris Program Office May 2004 National Aeronautics and Space Administration Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center Houston, TX 77058 HISTORY OF ON-ORBIT SATELLITE FRAGMENTATIONS 13th Edition May 2004 Prepared By: _________________________ David O. Whitlock Lockheed Martin Space Operations Approved By: _________________________ Jer-Chyi Liou, Ph.D. Lockheed Martin Space Operations Task Order Manager Approved By: _________________________ Nicholas L. Johnson NASA Johnson Space Center Chief Scientist and Program Manager Orbital Debris Program Office HISTORY OF ON-ORBIT SATELLITE FRAGMENTATIONS Thirteenth Edition (Information Cut-off Date: December 31, 2003) Nicholas L. Johnson David O. Whitlock Phillip Anz-Meador, Ph.D. M. Eleanor Cizek Sara A. Portman May 2004 Orbital Debris Program Office Johnson Space Center National Aeronautics and Space Administration JSC 62530 Preface to the Thirteenth Edition The first edition of the History of On-Orbit Satellite Fragmentations was published by Teledyne Brown Engineering (TBE) in August 1984, under the sponsorship of the NASA Johnson Space Center and with the cooperation of USAF Space Command and the US Army Ballistic Missile Command. The objective was to bring together information about the 75 satellites which had at that time experienced noticeable breakups. This update encompasses all known satellite fragmentations. This update is published by the NASA Johnson Space Center, Orbital Debris Program Office with support from Lockheed Martin Space Operations and Viking Science & Technology, Inc. Since the twelfth edition there have been 13 identified on-orbit breakups and five anomalous events. This activity has resulted in an approximately 7% increase in the historical cataloged debris count (since May 2001) which includes on-orbit and decayed objects, though less than 1% increase in the on-orbit debris count is observed. -
ESPI Yearbook 2019 Space Policies, Issues and Trends
ESPI Yearbook 2019 Space policies, issues and trends Report: Title: “ESPI Yearbook 2019 – Space policies, issues and trends” Published: May 2020 ISSN: 2218-0931 (print) • 2076-6688 (online) Editor and publisher: European Space Policy Institute (ESPI) Schwarzenbergplatz 6 • 1030 Vienna • Austria Phone: +43 1 718 11 18 -0 E-Mail: [email protected] Website: www.espi.or.at Rights reserved - No part of this report may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or for any purpose without permission from ESPI. Citations and extracts to be published by other means are subject to mentioning “ESPI Yearbook 2019 - Space policies, issues and trends, May 2020. All rights reserved” and sample transmission to ESPI before publishing. ESPI is not responsible for any losses, injury or damage caused to any person or property (including under contract, by negligence, product liability or otherwise) whether they may be direct or indirect, special, incidental or consequential, resulting from the information contained in this publication. Design: copylot.at Cover page picture credit: Shutterstock TABLE OF CONTENT FOREWORD ............................................................................................................................................... 1 ABOUT ESPI YEARBOOK AND SPACE SECTOR WATCH ................................................................................ 3 1 POLICY & PROGRAMMES .................................................................................................................... 4 1.1 2019 in a nutshell.................................................................................................................................. -
Global Counterspace Capabilities: an Open Source Assessment 2020
Global Counterspace Capabilities: Global Counterspace Global Counterspace Capabilities: An Open Source Assessment An Open An Open Source Assessment 2020 April 2020 Secure World Foundation Editors Brian Weeden Director of Program Planning Victoria Samson Washington Office Director Global Counterspace Capabilities Global Counterspace Capabilities: An Open Source Assessment April 2020 Editors Brian Weeden Director of Program Planning Victoria Samson Washington Office Director Global Counterspace Capabilities i Secure World Foundation (SWF) is a private operating foundation dedicated About to the secure and sustainable use of space for the benefit of Earth and all its peoples. SWF engages with academics, policy makers, scientists, and advocates in the space and international affairs communities to support steps Secure that strengthen global space sustainability. It promotes the development of cooperative and effective use of space for the protection of Earth’s World environment and human security. Foundation A growing number of countries and commercial actors are getting involved in space, resulting in more innovation and benefits on Earth, but also more congestion and competition in space. ii Dr. Brian Weeden is the Director of Program Planning for Secure World Foundation and About has more than two decades of professional experience in space operations and policy. the Dr. Weeden directs strategic planning for future-year projects to meet the Foundation’s goals and objectives, and conducts research on space debris, global space situational -
Orbital Debris: a Chronology
NASA/TP-1999-208856 January 1999 Orbital Debris: A Chronology David S. F. Portree Joseph P. Loftus, Jr. The NASA STI Program Office . in Profile Since its founding, NASA has been dedicated to • CONFERENCE PUBLICATION. Collected the advancement of aeronautics and space papers from scientific and technical science. The NASA Scientific and Technical conferences, symposia, seminars, or other Information (STI) Program Office plays a key part meetings sponsored or cosponsored by in helping NASA maintain this important role. NASA. The NASA STI Program Office is operated by • SPECIAL PUBLICATION. Scientific, Langley Research Center, the lead center for technical, or historical information from NASA’s scientific and technical information. NASA programs, projects, and mission, often The NASA STI Program Office provides access concerned with subjects having substantial to the NASA STI Database, the largest collection public interest. of aeronautical and space science STI in the world. The Program Office is also NASA’s • TECHNICAL TRANSLATION. institutional mechanism for disseminating the English-language translations of foreign results of its research and development activities. scientific and technical material pertinent to These results are published by NASA in the NASA’s mission. NASA STI Report Series, which includes the following report types: Specialized services that complement the STI Program Office’s diverse offerings include • TECHNICAL PUBLICATION. Reports of creating custom thesauri, building customized completed research or a major significant databases, organizing and publishing research phase of research that present the results of results . even providing videos. NASA programs and include extensive data or theoretical analysis. Includes compilations For more information about the NASA STI of significant scientific and technical data and Program Office, see the following: information deemed to be of continuing reference value.