Constraints Faced by the Banana Growers of Sonargaon Upazila Under Naravangonj District
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CONSTRAINTS FACED BY THE BANANA GROWERS OF SONARGAON UPAZILA UNDER NARAVANGONJ DISTRICT MOHAMMAD HABIBUR RAHMAN DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURAL EXTENSION & INFORMATION SYSTEM SHER-E-BANGLA AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY DHAKA-1207 JUNE, 2006 CONSTRAINTS FACED BY THE BANANA GROWERS OF SONARGAON UPAZILA UNDER NARAYANGONJ DISTRICT BY MOHAMMAD HABIBUR RAHMAN REGISTRATION NO.: 00361 A Thesis Submitted to the Faculty of Agriculture, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka-1207 In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE (MS) IN AGRICULTURAL EXTENSION & INFORMATION SYSTEM SEMESTER: JANUARY- JUNE, 2006 Approved By: (Professor. Md. Shadat Ulla) M. Zahidul Haque) Co-supervisor Supervisor (Professor. Md. Shadat Ulla) Chairman Examination Committee ii CERTIFICATE This to certify that the thesis entitled, "CONSTRAINTS FACED 13Y THE BANANA GROWERS OF SONARGAON UPAZILA UNDER NARAYANGONJ DISTRICT" submitted to the Faculty of Agriculture, Sher-e- Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka-1207, in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE (MS) in AGRICULTURAL EXTENSION & INFORMATION SYSTEM embodies the result of a piece of bona fide research work carried out by MOHAMMAD HABIBUR BARMAN, Roll No. 00361, Registration No. 00361 under my supervision and guidance. No part of the thesis has been submitted for any other degree or diploma. I further certify that such help or source of information, as has been availed of during the course of this investigation has been duly acknowledged by him. Dated- Dhaka, Bangladesh. (Professor. Md. Shadat Ulla) Supervisor iii DEDICATED TO MY BELOVED PARENTS ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS SAS Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University 1313S Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics DAE Department of Agricultural Extension NGO Non Governmental Organization IPM Integrated Pest Management et al Associates i.e. That is LSD Least Significant Difference NS Not-significant • Significant at 0.05 level of probability ** Significant at 0.0 1 level of probability *** Significant at 0.001 level of probability df Degrees of Freedom SPSS Statistical Package for Social Science Fig. Figure Tk. Taka Ha. Hectare FAO Food and Agricultural Organization r Co-efficient of Correlation CFI Constraint Facing Index ACKNOWLEDGEMENT The author wishes to acknowledge the immeasurable grace and profound kindness of Xmighty,411ah, the supreme ruler of the universe, -who enables the author to complete this dissertation. The author expresses his deepest sense of gratitude to his reverend supervisor (Professor Md. Shadat Ulla,, Chairman, Department of Agricultural Extension and Information System, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural university, Dhaka-1207, for his ever remembering help, fruitful advice and direction, scholastic criticisms, unfailing interest and affectionate encouragement throughout the period of the research. Despite heavy pressure of professional and academic involvement, he made himself available -where ever the researcher needed his help and co-operations. The author also expresses his deep gratitude to his Co-supervisor (Professor M. Zahidul Haque, Department of Agricultural Extension and Information System, Sher-e-Bangla agricultural university, Dhaka-1207, -whose valuable suggestions and helpful comments showed the author the right path during the course of the work. The author acknowledges his indebtedness to his respected and honorable course teachers of the Department of Agricultural Extension and Information System, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Ohaka-1207, for their valuable instruction and encouragement during the research -work. The author expresses his supreme gratitude to fits parents, brother, sister and especially to (Datiawho always blessed him to achieve this cherished goal. Special thanks are also due to the banana growers, block, supervisors, Agricultural extension officer and upazi1a Agricultural officer of Sonargaon upazila under Narayangonj District -who gave their -valuable time for interview during data collection. Grateful thanks are due to Pintu, Enam and Delower for the co-operation they extended in data analysis and Pikul for his computer composing of the thesis -with utmost care and sincerity. Last but not the least, profound thanks to my friends for their good suggestion and technical help in completing the total manuscript of the thesis meticulously. The Author VI LIST OF CONTENTS TITLE PAGE NO. Certification iii Dedication iv Abbreviations And Acronyms v Acknowledgement List of vi vii Contents List of Figures X111 List of Appendices xiii List of Tables xiv Abstract xv CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 1 Statement of the Problem 4 Specific Objectives 5 Scope and Limitation of the Study 6 Assumptions 6 Definition of Functional Terms 7 CHAPTER 2 REVIEW OF LITERATURE 9 Studies Dealing with the Problems Confronted by the 1 0 Growers in Banana Cultivation and Other Crops Findings of Research on the Relationships of the II Selected Characteristics with Problem Confrontation 2.1 Age and Constraints Faced by the Growers in II Banana Cultivation 2.2 Education and Constraints Faced by the Growers 1 2 in Banana Cultivation 2.3 Family Size and Constraints Faced by the 13 Growers in Banana Cultivation 2.4 Farm Size and Constraints Faced by the Growers 1 4 in Banana Cultivation 2.5 Area under Banana Cultivation and Constraints 15 Faced by the Growers 2.6 Agricultural Knowledge in Banana Cultivation 1 5 and Constraints Faced by the Growers 2.7 Annual Income and Constraints Faced by the 1 6 Growers in Banana Cultivation 2.8 Social Participation and Constraints Faced by the vii CHAPTER 3 METHODOLOGY 19 Location of Study 19 Population and sampling 19 Instrument for Collection of Data 20 Collection of Data and Data processing and Analysis 21 Statement of Hypothesis 22 Variables of the Study 23 Selection of Dependent and Independent Variables 23 Measurement of Variables 24 Measurement of Independent Variables 24 Measurement of Dependent Variables 26 Categorization of the Respondents 28 Statistical Treatment 29 CHAPTER 4 RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS 30 Section I Constraints of the Growers in Banana Cultivation 30 Constraints in Improved Banana Sucker 31 Constraints in Disease 32 Constraints in Agricultural Credit 33 Constraints in Field Management 34 Constraints in Marketing 35 Comparative Constraints Facing of Growers in five 36 Selected Aspects of Banana cultivation Overall Constraints Facing in Banana cultivation 38 Section 11 Characteristics of the Growers 40 Age 41 Education 41 Family Size 42 Farm Size 43 Area under Banana Cultivation 43 Annual Income 44 viii Agricultural Knowledge of Banana cultivation 44 Social Participation 45 Extension Contact 46 Relationships of the Selected Characteristics of the Growers 46 with their Constrains Facing in Banana Cultivation A) Relationship between Age of the Growers and their 48 Constrains Facing in Banana Cultivation i) Relationship between Age of the Growers and Constrains 48 of Improved Sucker in Banana Cultivation 11) Relationship between Age of the Growers and constrains 48 of Disease in Banana Cultivation iii) Relationship between Age of the Growers and 49 Constrains of Agricultural credit in Banana Cultivation iv) Relationship between Age of the Growers and 49 Constrains of Field Management in Banana Cultivation v) Relationship between Age of the Growers and Constrains 50 vi) of Marketing in Banana Cultivation vii) Relationship between Age of the Growers and Overall 50 Constrains in Banana Cultivation B) Relationship between Education of the Growers and their 51 Constrains Facing in Banana Cultivation i) Relationship between Education of the Growers and 51 Constrains of Improved Sucker in Banana Cultivation 11) Relationship between Education of the Growers and 51 Constrains of Disease in Banana Cultivation 111) Relationship between Education of the Growers and 52 Constrains of Agricultural credit in Banana Cultivation iv) Relationship between Education of the Growers and 52 Constrains of Field Management in Banana Cultivation v) Relationship between Education of the Growers and 53 Constrains of Marketing in Banana Cultivation vi) Relationship between Education of the Growers and 53 vii) Overall Constrains in Banana Cultivation C) Relationship between Family Size of the Growers and 54 their Constrains Facing in Banana Cultivation i) Relationship between Family Size of the Growers and 54 Constrains of Improved Sucker in Banana Cultivation ix ii) Relationship between Family Size of the Growers and 54 Constrains of Disease in Banana Cultivation 111) Relationship between Family Size of the Growers and 55 Constrains of Agricultural credit in Banana Cultivation iv) Relationship between Family Size of the Growers and 55 Constrains of Field Management in Banana Cultivation v) Relationship between Family Size of the Growers and 56 Constrains of Marketing in Banana Cultivation vi) Relationship between Family Size of the Growers and 56 Overall Constrains in Banana Cultivation D) Relationship between Farm Size of the Growers and their 57 Constrains Facing in Banana Cultivation i) Relationship between Farm Size of the Growers and 57 Constrains of Improved Sucker in Banana Cultivation ii) Relationship between Farm Size of the Growers and 57 Constrains of Disease in Banana Cultivation 111) Relationship between Farm Size of the Growers and 58 Constrains of Agricultural credit in Banana Cultivation iv) Relationship between Farm Size of the Growers and 58 Constrains of Field Management in Banana Cultivation v) Relationship between Farm Size of the Growers and