Political Sociology and Economy Fall semester, 2014. PhD seminar (4 credits) CEU Monday & Wednesday

András Bozóki [email protected] & Attila Fölsz [email protected] Professor of Political Science, CEU Assistant Professor of Political Science Office: Nádor u. 15. 5th floor, #505. Office: Faculty Tower, 9th floor, #904. Office hours: Wednesday 10-12 (noon) Office hours: TBA Teaching weeks 1-6. Teaching weeks 7-12.

Course description This is a doctoral seminar building on the comparative politics, political economy and political theory MA courses. Part I discusses basic questions in political sociology mostly focusing on the holders of power and the way power is exercised in a society. In this seminar, sociological analysis is applied to the political field, and attention is paid to social determinants and sources of political power, state formation, theories of the state, political and economic elites. The relationship between political transformation and elite change will also be discussed, just as the structure vs agency debate. Part II acquaints studetns with the most important current topics and concepts of comparative political economy, as a distninct branch of political economy. Classes cover some most important theoretical approaches about the role of socio-political structures and institutions on economic development and about the linkages between political and economic institutions.

Course objectives The main aim of the course is to help students understand the social and economic embeddedness of political processes and to familiarize them with some of the most fundamental approaches in the domain of political sociology and political economy. as well with its contemporary currents. It will allow students to understand the different theoretical approaches to the study of power, state, civil society, elites, and the role of economy in influencing policy making. The seminar program is designed in such a way that maximizes the interactions between different schools of thoughts.

Learning outcome During the course students enhance their capacity of critical thinking and ability to express their own opinions. They are expected to learn how to analyze and interpret political processes and political behavior from sociological and political economic perspectives and, at the same time, understand the political impact on social and economic structures on citizens social and labor market position and their attitudes, aspirations and values.

Requirements and assessments Since this is a reading seminar, students are expected to do the reading thoroughly before the class meeting for which it is assigned, and to participate actively in class meetings. Seminars are based on close reading of the texts and active participation of students to ensure lively group discussion on each topic. Classes are designed to be highly interactive and to give students a chance to develop their oral and written ability to marshal analytical arguments concerning issues at hand. Students will be asked to give shorter presentations on selected readings in order to introduce the topic for further discussion. Presenters are expected to write a short handout for others by the beginning of the class.

1 Evaluation - activity (in-class participation + weekly written questions and comments) 2 x 10 = 20 % - in class presentation, handout 2 x 15 = 30 % - mid-term exams in-class, closed book 2 x 25 = 50 %

PART ONE: POLITICAL SOCIOLOGY

WEEK 1. September 22. Social Action, Solidarity

Emile Durkheim, 1984 [1893] The Division of Labor in Society. New York: Free Press, 68-87. Reinhard Bendix , 1977 [1960] “Basic Concepts of Political Sociology,” in Max Weber: An Intellectual Portrait. Berkeley: University of California Press, 285-297. Pierre Bourdieu 1983. „Forms of Capital” in J. G. Richardson (ed.), Handbook of Theory and Research for the Sociology of Education. New York: Greenwood Press, 241-258.

Further readings Max Weber 1978. Economy and Society: An Outline of Interpretive Sociology. Berkeley: University of California Press Max Weber 1990. Basic Concepts in Sociology. New York: Citadel Press Nick Crossley, 2005. Key Concepts in Critical Social Theory. Los Angeles: Sage Emile Durkheim 1992. „What Is a Social Fact” in The Rules of Sociological Method. London: Macmillan Émile Durkheim 1984. The Division of Labor in Society. New York: Free Press Colin Hay, 2007. Why We Hate Politics. Cambridge: Polity Press Hans Joas & Wolfgang Knöbl, 2009. Social Theory: Twenty Introductory Lectures. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press Kate Nash, 2000. Contemporary Political Sociology: Globalization, Politics, and Power, Blackwell Publishers, Malden, Mass. 1-19. Giovanni Sartori, 1969. „From the Sociology of Politics to Political Sociology” in S. M. Lipset ed. Politics and the Social Sciences. London: Oxford Univ. Press

September 24. Power I.

Max Weber 1991. „The Sociology of Charismatic Authority” in H. H. Gerth and C. W. Mills eds. From Max Weber: Essays in Sociology. London: Routledge, 245-262. Nelson W. Polsby, 1960. “How to Study Community Power: The Pluralist Alternative.” Journal of Politics 22: 474-484. Robert A. Dahl, 1961. Who Governs? Democracy and Power in an American City. New Haven: Yale University Press. 1-8., 85-86.

Further readings Max Weber 1989. The Profession of Politics. Washington D.C.: Plutarch Press Ralf Dahrendorf, 1976 [1957], Class and Class Conflict in Industrial Society. London: Routledge and Kegan Paul Daniel Bell 1976. The Cultural Contradictions of Capitalism. New York: Basic Books Pierre Bourdieu & J. C. Passeron 1977. Reproduction in Education, Society, and Culture. Beverly Hills: Sage Robert C. Tucker ed. 1978. The Marx-Engels Reader. New York: W. W. Norton

2 Paul Rabinow ed. 1984. The Foucault Reader. New York: Pantheon Books. (Especially 32- 50, 51-75, 239-56, 373-80.) Zygmunt Bauman 1987. Legislators and Interpreters. Ithaca - New York: Cornell U. P. Pierre Bourdieu, 1989. “Social Space and Symbolic Power” Sociological Theory. Vol. 7. No. 1. 14-25. Loic J. D. Wacquant, 1989. “Towards a Reflexive Sociology: A Workshop with Pierre Bourdieu.” Sociological Theory 7:26-63. Craig Calhoun, 1995. “Habitus, Field, and Capital: Historical Specificity in the Theory of Practice,” in Critical Social Theory. Oxford: Blackwell, 132-161.

WEEK 2. September 29, October 1. Power II.

Michael Mann 1986. „Societies as Organized Power Networks” in M. Mann: The Sources of Power. Vol.1. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1-33. Steven Lukes, 1986. “Introduction” in Power, ed. by Steven Lukes. New York: New York University Press, 1-18. Colin Hay, 2002. Political Analysis. Basingstoke: Palgrave, Chapter 5. 168-193.

Further readings Robert A. Dahl. 1958. “A Critique of the Ruling Elite Model.” American Political Science Review 52: 463-9. C. Wright Mills, 1956. The Power Elite. Oxford-New York: Oxford University Press Daniel Bell 1958. “The Power Elite Reconsidered” American Journal of Sociology 64: 238- 250. Michel Foucault 1980. Power / Knowledge. New York: Pantheon Books Michel Foucault, 1991. “Governmentality,” 87-104 in The Foucault Effect: Studies in Governmentality, edited by Graham Buchell, Collin Gordon, and Peter Miller. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. Pierre Bourdieu 1991. Language and Symbolic Power. Cambridge: Polity Press Mark Haugaard ed., 2002. Power: A Reader. Manchester: Manchester University Press Carl Schmitt, 2007 [1929] The Concept of the Political. Chicago: University of Chicago Press Martin J. Smith, 2009. Power and the State. Basingstoke: Palgrave

WEEK 3. October 6, 8. The State I.

Max Weber, 1991. „Bureaucracy” in H. H. Gerth and C. W. Mills eds. From Max Weber: Essays in Sociology. London: Routledge, 196-244. Michael Mann, 1984. “The Autonomous Power of the State: Its Origins, Mechanisms and Results” European Journal of Sociology Vol. 25. No. 2. 185-213. Theda Skocpol, 1985. „Bringing the State Back in: Strategies of Analysis in Current Research” in Peter Evans et al. eds. Bringing the State Back In, New York: Cambridge University Press, 3-37. Charles Tilly, 1985. „War Making and State Making as Organized Crime” in P. Evans et al. eds. Bringing the State Back In. New York Cambridge University Press, 169-191.

Further readings J. P. Nettl, 1968. “The State as a Conceptual Variable.” World Politics, 20. 4. 559-592. Stein Rokkan, 1975. “Dimensions of state formation and nation-building: a possible paradigm

3 for research on variations within Europe”, in Tilly, C. (1975), The Formation of Nation States in Western Europe, Princeton: Princeton University Press, 562-600. Philip Abrams (1988 [1977]), “Notes on the Difficulty of Studying the State.” Journal of Historical Sociology, Vol. 1. No. 1. 58-69. Gianfranco Poggi, 1978. The Development of the Modern State: A Sociological Introduction. Stanford: Stanford University Press. Alfred Stepan, 1978. The State and Society: Peru in Comparative Perspective. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 3-72. John Gaventa 1982. “Power and Participation” in J. Gaventa, Power and Powerlessness: Quiescence and Rebellion in an Appalachian Valley. Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 3-32. Stephen D. Krasner, 1984. “Approaches to the State: Alternative Conceptions and Historical Dynamics” Comparative Politics Vol. 16. No. 2. 223-246. Martin Carnoy, 1984. The State and Political Theory. Princeton: Princeton University Press Andrew Vincent, 1987. Theories of the State. Oxford: Basil Blackwell, 1-146; 181-217. Gianfranco Poggi, 1990. The State: Its Nature, Development and Prospects. Stanford: Stanford University Press Michael Mann, 1992. States, War and Capitalism 1992. Oxford: Blackwell, 1-32. Katherine Verdery, 1995. “The ‘etatization’ of time in Ceausescu’s Romania”, in What Was Socialism and What Comes Next, Princeton University Press, Princeton, 39-58.

WEEK 4. October 13, 15. The State II.

Antonio Gramsci, 1971. „State and Civil Society” in Selections from the Prison Notebooks. New York: International Publishers. 206-275. Nicos Poulantzas 1969. „The Problem of the Capitalist State” New Left Review, 58: 67-78. Ralph Miliband (1983 [1970 and 1973]). “The Capitalist State: Two Exchanges with Nicos Poulantzas,” in Class Power and State Power. London: Verso, 26-48. Nicos Poulantzas 1976. The Capitalist State: A Reply to Miliband and Laclau.” New Left Review, 95: 63-83. Ralph Miliband 1983, “State Power and Class Interests,” in Class Power and State Power. London: Verso, 63-78.

Optional readings Hannah Arendt 1958. „Totalitarian Imperialism”In. The Origins of Totalitarianism Nicos Poulantzas, 1973. Political Power and Social Classes. New York: Verso. Amy Bridges, 1974. ”Nicos Poulantzas and the Marxist Theory of the State.” Politics & Society 4 (2): 161-190. Claus Offe, 1974. “Structural Problems of the Capitalist State: Class Rule and the Political System. On the Selectiveness of Political Institutions.” German Political Studies, I: 31-57. Nicos Poulantzas, 1978. State, Power, Socialism. New York: Verso. 11-27, 35-53, 123-160. Goran Therborn, 1978. What Does the Ruling Class Do When It Rules? London: NLB Chantal Mouffe, 1979. “Hegemony and Ideology in Gramsci,” in Gramsci and Marxist Theory, edited by Chantal Mouffe. London: Routledge, 168-204. Claus Offe, 1984. Contradictions of the Welfare State. Cambridge, MA: M.I.T. Press. 88-129. Andrew Vincent, 1987. Theories of the State. Oxford: Basil Blackwell, 147-180. Clyde Barrow (1993), Critical Theories of the State. Madison: The University of Wisconsin Press, 51-76. 96-124. Peter Evans, Dietrich Rueschemeyer & Theda Skocpol, (1985), “On the Road toward a

4 More Adequate Understanding of the State” In P. Evans et al. ed. Bringing the State Back In. New York: Cambridge University Press, 347-366. Bob Jessop. 1990. “Recent Theories of the Capitalist State” and “Accumulation Strategies, State Forms and Hegemonic Projects” in State Theory: Putting States in their Place. Penn State University Press. 24-47, 196-219. Kathleen Thelen and Sven Steinmo. 1991. “Historical Institutionalism in Comparative Politics.” Pp. 1-32 in Structuring Politics: Historical Institutionalism in Comparative Analysis, edited by Sven Steinmo, Kathleen Thelen and Frank Longstreth. New York: Cambridge University Press. Timothy Mitchell, 1991. “The Limits of the State: Beyond Statist Approaches and their Critics.” American Political Science Review 85 (1): 77-96. Pierre Bourdieu, 1994. “Rethinking the State: Genesis and Structure of the Bureaucratic Field” Sociological Theory. Vol. 12. No. 1. March, 1-18. Evans, Peter. 1995. “A Comparative Institutional Approach” in Embedded Autonomy: States and Industrial Transformation. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 21-42. Pierre Bourdieu and Loïc Wacquant. 1999. “On the Cunning of Imperialist Reason.” Theory, Culture and Society 16(1): 41-58. George Steinmetz, 1999. State/Culture: State-Formation after the Cultural Turn, Ithaca: Cornell University Press, „Introduction” 1-41. Bob Jessop 2002. The Future of the Capitalist State. Cambridge: Polity Press Francis Fukuyama 2004. “The Imperative of State-Building” Journal of Democracy, Vol. 15. No. 2. April, 17-31.

WEEKS 5-6. October 20, 22, 27. Elite Theory and the Changing Historical Context

Vilfredo Pareto 1997. „The Governing Elite in Present-Day Democracy” in Eva Etzioni-Halévy (ed.): Classes and Elites in Democracy and Democratization. New York: Garland, 47- 52. Gaetano Mosca, 1967 [1939]. excerpts from The Ruling Class. In Harry K. Girvetz (ed.), Democracy and Elitism. New York: Scribner’s, 280-299. Robert Michels 1997. „The Oligarchical Tendencies in Working Class Organizations” in Eva Etzioni-Halévy ed. Classes and Elites in Democracy and Democratization. New York: Garland, 243-250. C. Wright Mills, 1956. The Power Elite. Oxford-New York: Oxford University Press, 3-29. Wolfgang Streeck, 2014. „How Will Capitalism End?” New Left Review, No. 87. May-June 2014. 35-64.

Optional readings Max Weber 1997. „Democracy and the Countervailing Powers of Bureaucracy, Charisma, and Parliament” in Eva Etzioni-Halévy (ed.), Classes and Elites in Democracy and Democratization. New York: Garland, 62-70. H. H. Gerth & C. W. Mills eds. 1991. From Max Weber: Essays in Sociology. London: Routledge, 159-264. Robert Michels, 1962. Political Parties: A Sociological Study of the Oligarchical Tendencies of Modern Societies. New York: The Free Press, 333-71. Vilfredo Pareto, 1966. Sociological Writings. (Ed. by S. E. Finer) London: Pall Mall Press, New York: Praeger Vilfredo Pareto, 1968. The Rise and Fall of the Elites. Totowa, N.J.: Bedminster Press Vilfredo Pareto, 1984. The Transformation of Democracy. New Brunswick: Transaction Harold Lasswell & Daniel Lerner 1965. World Revolutionary Elites. Cambridge: M.I.T. Press

5 Suzanne Keller 1968. „Elites” in David Sills ed. International Encyclopedia of the Social Sciences. Vol. 5. London: Macmillan, 26-29. Geraint Parry, 1969. „The Classical Elitist Thesis” in Geraint Parry: Political Elites. London: George Allen & Unwin, 30-63. Peter Bachrach, 1969. The Theory of Democratic Elitism: A Critique. London: University of London Press James Burnham, 1970. The Machiavellians: Defenders of Freedom. Freeport NY: Books for Libraries Press Harold D. Lasswell, Daniel Lerner & C. Easton Rothwell 1971. „The Elite Concept” in Peter Bachrach ed. Elites in a Democracy. New York: Atherton Press, 13-26. Michael G. Burton and John Higley 1987. „Invitation to Elite Theory: The Basic Contentions Reconsidered” in G. William Domhoff and Thomas R. Dye eds. Power Elites and Organizations. Newbury Park: Sage, 219-238. Jean Blondel 1987. Political Leadership. London: Sage. Edward W. Said, 1994. Representations of the Intellectual. London: Vintage, 3-17. Heinrich Best & John Higley 2009. „Democratic Elitism in Transition” Special issue of Comparative Sociology. Vol. 8. No. 3. Heinrich Best & John Higley 2010. Democratic Elitism: New Theoretical and Comparative Perspectives. Leiden: Brill Andrew Kakabadse & Nada Kakabadse eds. 2012. Global Elites: The Opaque Nature of Transnational Policy Determination. Basingstoke: Palgrave

October 29. Midterm exam

PART TWO: POLITICAL ECONOMY

Class 13: November 3. Introduction

Besley, Timothy (2007): The New Political Economy. The Economic Journal, 117 (November), F570–F587

Further readings: Caporaso, J.A. and Levine, D.P. (1992): Chapter 1-2 in Theories of Political Economy, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press ch.1. Drazen, Allan (2004): What is political economy? Chapter one in” Political economy in macroeconomics”, Princeton University Press

Class 14 & 15. November 5, 10. Economics, Politics and Society

Peter Gourevitch: Politics in Hard Times. (Ithaca, New York; Cornell University Press, 1986).Chapters 1, 2 and 6, pp. 17-71; 221-241 Mark Granovetter: Economic Action and Social Structure: The Problem of Embeddedness. American Journal of Sociology, Vol. 91, No. 3 (Nov., 1985), pp. 481-510d

Further readings:

6 Levi, M (2000): ‘The Economic Turn in Comparative Politics’, Comparative Political Studies vol.33, No.6/7, pp.822-844. Locke, J. (1689): Second Treatise on Government, Prometheus Books: Buffalo NY, ch. IX, par.123- 131 Smith, A. (1776): An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations, Everyman’s Library: London (1991), First Book: chs. 1-3, Polanyi, K. (1944), The Great Transformation, Boston: Beacon Press, ch.10

Class 16 & 17: November 12, 17. Political systems and economic development

Olson, Mancur (1993): “Dictatorship, Democracy, and Development, American Political Science Review, 87, 567-576 Albert O. Hirschman, “The Turn to Authoritarianism in Latin America and the Search for its Economic Determinants”. In: David Collier, Fernando Henrique Cardoso (eds), The New Authoritarianism in Latin America. Princeton University Press, 1979, pp. 61-98 Kornai, János (2000): What the Change of System from Socialism to capitalism Does and Does Not Mean. Journal of Economic Perspectives, Vol 14 (1 Winter 2000), pp. 27-42

Further readings: Besley, T (. 2007), Principled Agents: The Political Economy of Good Government (Lindahl Lectures) , Oxford University Press, UK. Mulligan, C. B., R. Gil and X. Sala-i-Martin (2004), “Do Democracies have Different Public Policies than Non-Democracies?”Journal of Economic Perspectives, 18, 51-74. Persson, T., and G. Tabellini 2009): , “Democratic Capital: The Nexus of Political and Economic Change,” American Economic Journal: Macroeconomics 1,88-126. Przeworski, A., M. E. Alvarez, J. A. Cheibub and F.Limongi (2000):, Democracy and Development: Political Institutions and Well-Being in the World, 1950-1990 , New York: Cambridge University Press, 2000. Przeworski, A., and F. Limongi , 1993, "Political Regimes and Economic Growth," Journal of Economic Perspectives , 7, 51-69.

Class 18 & 19: November 19, 24. Political institutions and economic development

Dani Rodrik, Arvind Subramanian, Francesco Trebbi: Institutions Rule: The Primacy of Institutions Over Geography and Integration in Economic Development Journal of Economic Growth, June 2004, Volume 9, Issue 2, pp 131-165 Glaeser, E.; R. La Porta; F.Lopez-De-Silanes; A. Shleifer (2004), Do Institutions Cause Growth? Journal of Economic Growth 9: 271 – 303. Michele Boldrin, David K. Levine, Salvatore Modica (2012) Review of Acemoglu and Robinson's Why Nations Fail. Manuspcipt http://www.dklevine.com/general/aandrreview.pdf

Further readings: Acemoglu, Daron, James Robinson (2012): Why Nations Fail? Crown Business Cambridge University Pres Peter Hall, “The Role of Interests, Institutions and Ideas in the Comparative Political Economy of Industrialized Nations”; in Comparative Politics: Rationality, Culture, and Structure , edited by Mark Irving Lichbach and Alan S. Zuckerman, (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press 1997), pp. 174-207.

7 Furubotn, E. G. and Richter, R. (2000), Institutions and Economic Theory: The Contribution of the New Institutional Economics, The University of Michigan Press Pontusson, J., From Comparative Public Policy to Political Economy: Putting Political Institutions in Their Place and Taking Interests Seriously, Comparative Political Studies, 28, 1 (Spring 1995), 117-147) Kathleen Thelen and Sven Steinmo, “Historical Institutionalism in Comparative Politics” Ch 1 in Thelen, Steinmo & Longstreth, eds. Structuring Politics: Historical Institutionalism in Comparative Analysis. 1992, pp. 1-33.

Class 20 & 21: November 26, December 1. Development patterns and capitalist diversity

Alexander Gerschenkron, “Economic Backwardness in Historical Perspective.” In: Economic Backwardness in Historical Perspective. A Book of Essays. Cambridge MA. The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press 1976 (62): 5-30. Peter Katzenstein (1985). Small States in World Markets. (Ithaca: Cornell University Press). Chapter 1, and parts of chapter 3, pp. 17-39, 80-104. Leftwich, Adrian: Bringing politics back in: Towards a model of the development state. Journal of Development Studies. Feb 95, Vol. 31 Issue 3, p400. 28p.

Further readings: David Collier, “Overview of the Bureaucratic-Authoritarian Model”. In David Collier, ed. The New Authoritarianism in Latin America. Princeton University Press. Princeton, N. J. 1979 pp. 19-32. Theda Skocpol, “Bringing the State back In: Strategies of Analysis in Current Research”, in Bringing the State Back In , edited by Peter Evans, Dietrich Rueschemeyer and Theda Skocpol, (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press 1985), pp. 3-43 Atul Kohli, State-Directed Devlopment. Political Power and Industrialization in the Global Periphery. (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press 2004). Introduction and Conclusion, pp. 1- 27; 367-427. Martin Carnoy: The State and Political Theory, (Princeton: Princeton University Press,1984). Peter Evans, Embedded Autonomy. States and Industrial Transformation. (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1995) Meredith Woo-Cumings, ed. The Developmental State, (Ithaca: New York, Cornell University Press, 1999) Bob Jessop, Bringing the State Back in (Yet Again): Reviews, Revisions, Rejections, and Redirections, manuscript (2000)

Class 22 & 23: December 3, 8. Institutional complementarities and the varieties of capitalism

Peter Hall and David Soskice: Varieties of Capitalism. The Institutional Foundations of Comparative Advantage. Oxford: Oxford University Press 2001: 1-68 Iversen, Torben (2005), Capitalism, Democracy and Welfare. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press). Chapter 2: A Brief Analytical History of Modern Welfare Production Regimes, (pp. 30-75). Peter Hall and Kathleen Thelen, “Institutional Change in Varieties of Capitalism”. Socio- Economic Review, 7, 2009, 7-34

8 Wolfgang Streeck, “E Pluribus Unum? Varieties and Commonalities of Capitalism.” MPIfG Discussion Paper 10/12, 2010.

Further readings: Bruno Amable (2003): The Diversity of Modern Capitalism. Oxford, Oxford University Press Peter Hall and David Soskice (eds., 2001). Varieties of Capitalism. The Institutional Foundations of Comparative Advantages. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Bob Hancke, Martin Rhodes and Mark Thatcher (eds., 2006): Beyond Varieties of Capitalism: Confict, Contradiction, Complementarities in the European Economy. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Herbert Kitschelt, Peter Lange, Gary Marks and John D. Stephens (1999 eds.): Continuity and Change in Contemporary Capitalism. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press 8 Dorothee Bohle and B. Greskovits, “Varieties of Capitalism and Capitalism Tout Court” European Journal of Sociology 50. 3 (2009): Wolfgang Streeck, “Taking Capitalism Seriously: Towards an Institutionalist Approach to Contemporary Political Economy.” Socio-Economic Review (2010): 1-3 Dorothee Bohle and Bela Greskovits, Capitalist Diversity on Europe’s Periphery (Ithaca: New York, Cornell University Press, 2012), Introduction and Chapter 1; 1-54

Class 24: December 10. 2nd mid-term exam

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