Austin Families Index for the Final Dawes Rolls
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UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT for the DISTRICT of COLUMBIA the CHEROKEE NATION, Plaintiff
Case 1:13-cv-01313-TFH Document 248 Filed 08/30/17 Page 1 of 78 UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT FOR THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA THE CHEROKEE NATION, Plaintiff/ Counter Defendant, v. RAYMOND NASH, et al., Defendants/ Counter Claimants/ Cross Claimants, --and-- Civil Action No. 13-01313 (TFH) MARILYN VANN, et al., Intervenor Defendants/ Counter Claimants/ Cross Claimants, --and-- RYAN ZINKE, SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR, AND THE UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR, Counter Claimants/ Cross Defendants. MEMORANDUM OPINION Although it is a grievous axiom of American history that the Cherokee Nation’s narrative is steeped in sorrow as a result of United States governmental policies that marginalized Native American Case 1:13-cv-01313-TFH Document 248 Filed 08/30/17 Page 2 of 78 Indians and removed them from their lands,1 it is, perhaps, lesser known that both nations’ chronicles share the shameful taint of African slavery.2 This lawsuit harkens back a century-and-a-half ago to a treaty entered into between the United States and the Cherokee Nation in the aftermath of the Civil War. In that treaty, the Cherokee Nation promised that “never here-after shall either slavery or involuntary servitude exist in their nation” and “all freedmen who have been liberated by voluntary act of their former owners or by law, as well as all free colored persons who were in the country at the commencement of the rebellion, and are now residents therein, or who may return within six months, and their descendants, shall have all the rights of native Cherokees . -
Researching Native Americans at the National Archives in Atlanta
Researching Individual Native Americans at the National Archives at Atlanta National Archives at Atlanta 5780 Jonesboro Road Morrow, GA 30260 770-968-2100 www.archives.gov/southeast E-Mail: [email protected] Spring, 2009 Researching Individual Native Americans at the National Archives at Atlanta Table of Contents Introduction ............................................................................................................................................... 1 Tribal Association ............................................................................................................................ 1 Race .................................................................................................................................................. 2 Tribal Membership ........................................................................................................................... 2 Textual Records ............................................................................................................................... 2 Native American Genealogy ............................................................................................................ 3 Published Resources ......................................................................................................................... 3 Online Resources ............................................................................................................................. 4 Dawes Commission .................................................................................................................................. -
Family Type and Incidence
RULING OR BEING RULED? THE DEVELOPMENT OF CITIZENSHIP IN THE CHEROKEE NATION _______________________________________ A Dissertation presented to the Faculty of the Graduate School at the University of Missouri-Columbia _______________________________________________________ In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy _____________________________________________________ by AARON KUSHNER Dr. Justin Dyer, Dissertation Supervisor JULY 2019 DEDICATION …………………To Mary Ann and Robert Kushner. You saw in me something special. …………………To Ryan, Daniel, and Tommy. You are the best of friends. …………………To Nhi, G, Lea, Dale, and Christopher. I couldn’t ask for better family. …………………To Hannah. You are all beauty and color and light. …………………Gloria Patri, et Filio, et Spiritui Sancto. Sicut erat in principio, et nunc, et semper, et in saecula saeculorum. Amen. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to thank Professor Justin Dyer for his mentorship and guidance throughout this dissertation project. Without his wisdom, kindness, and encouragement, none of this would have been possible. I also want to acknowledge Professor Adam Seagrave, who mentored me at Northern Illinois University and again here at the University of Missouri. His insight and advice have been an invaluable part of my professional development. Thank you to Professor Sarah Beth Kitch, who gave generously of her time to help me improve the quality of my writing. Thank you as well to dissertation committee members Marvin Overby and Jay Dow for all of your time and ongoing support. Additional thanks are due to Professors Scot Schraufnagel, Brad Watson, Jason King, Laron Williams, and Jason Jividen, who mentored and supported me at various stages of my academic career. -
Native American Records on Microfilm
Native American Indian midwestgenealogycenter.org Records on Microform Access Your History 12602 NATIVE AMERICAN RECORDS Roll listings may be found in American Indians: A Select Catalog of National Archives Microfilm Publications Apache Apache Film Drawer 57 Camp McDowell: 1905-1909, 1911-1912 M595 Roll 15 Apache and Mojave Film Drawer 57 Camp Verde: 1915-1927 M595 Roll 15 White Mountain Apache Film Drawer 59 Fort Apache: 1898-1927, 1929-1939 M595 Rolls 118-125 Kiowa, Comanche, Apache, Caddo, and Wichita and Affiliated Indians Film Drawer 60 1895-1913 M595 Rolls 211-213 Kiowa, Comanche, Apache, Caddo, and Apache Prisoners of War or Fort Sill Apache Film Drawer 60 1914-1930 M595 Rolls 214-218 Kiowa, Comanche, Apache, Fort Sill Apache, Wichita and Caddo, and Delaware Film Drawer 60 1931-1939 (with Birth and Death Rolls: 1924-1932) M595 Rolls 219-223 Pima, Apache, and Mohave-Apache of the Camp Verde, Fort McDowell, and Salt River Reservations Film Drawer 62 Phoenix: 1928-1933 (with Birth and Death Rolls: 1924-1932) M595 Rolls 344-345 Pima, Papago, Maricopa and Mojave-Apache of the Fort McDowell, Gila River, Maricopa or Ak Chin, and Salt River Reservations Film Drawer 62 1934-1939 (Supplemental Rolls only) M595 Rolls 358-361 Jicarilla Apache Film Drawer 62 1892, 1893-1895, 1897-1899 M595 Rolls 399-400 Apache, Mohave, and Yuma Film Drawer 63 San Carlos: 1887-1890, 1892-1902, 1904-1912, 1914-1939 M595 Rolls 461-470 Shivwits or Shebits and Kaibab, Ute and Jicarilla Apache Film Drawer 64 Southern Utah: 1897-1905; Southern Ute: 1885-1892 M595 -
Using the Final Rolls of the Five Civilized Tribes
Using the Final Rolls of the Five Civilized Tribes The Final Rolls of the Five Civilized Tribes or “Dawes Rolls” was taken between the years of 1898 and 1906 for individuals who were eligible for enrollment among the Five Civilized Tribes. The Five Civilized Tribes consisted of the Cherokee, Creek, Choctaw, Chickasaw and Seminole. Enrollment was done for people living in Indian Territory within the tribal nations. Early tribal rolls were used to help determine who was eligible for enrollment. The earlier rolls were used to help document age, family relationships, etc. since no birth certificates were available. Starting Your Research Before using the rolls, it will be helpful if you know the following information. 1. The name of the person who was living with the tribe in Indian Territory and who was alive during the time of enrollment. (1898-1906) 2. Place where the person lived in Indian Territory. 3. Approximate age of the person. 4. Names of parents, children, spouse, etc. Arrangement of the Rolls The rolls consist of three parts; the index, the census cards and the applications. Categories for enrollment were “by blood”, “new born”, “minor”, “by marriage”, and “freedmen”. The “by blood” category will include those who had Indian blood. “Newborn” and “minor” will include young children of Indian or freedman parents. “By marriage” will be people married to Indians who were usually white. The abbreviation, “IW” may be used to refer to this group of enrollees. “IW” stands for intermarried whites. “Freedmen” enrollees will be the former slaves of the Indians who were adopted into the tribes. -
American Indians in Oklahoma OKLAHOMA HISTORY CENTER EDUCATION DEPARTMENT
American Indians in Oklahoma OKLAHOMA HISTORY CENTER EDUCATION DEPARTMENT Nawa! That means hello in the Pawnee language. In Oklahoma, thirty-eight federally recognized tribes represent about 8 percent of the population. Most of these tribes came from places around the country but were removed from their homelands to Oklahoma in the nineteenth century. Their diverse cultures and rich heritage make Oklahoma (which combines the Choctaw words “okla” and “huma,” or “territory of the red people”) a special state. American Indians have impacted Oklahoma’s growth from territory to statehood and have made it into the great state it is today. This site allows you to learn more about American Indian tribes in Oklahoma. First, read the background pages for more information, then go through the biographies of influential American Indians to learn more about him or her. The activities section has coloring sheets, games, and other activities, which can be done as part of a group or on your own. Map of Indian Territory prior to 1889 (ITMAP.0035, Oklahoma Historical Society Map Collection, OHS). American Indians │2016 │1 Before European Contact The first people living on the prairie were the ancestors of various American Indian tribes. Through archaeology, we know that the plains have been inhabited for centuries by groups of people who lived in semi-permanent villages and depended on planting crops and hunting animals. Many of the ideas we associate with American Indians, such as the travois, various ceremonies, tipis, earth lodges, and controlled bison hunts, come from these first prairie people. Through archaeology, we know that the ancestors of the Wichita and Caddo tribes have been in present-day Oklahoma for more than two thousand years. -
Who Is an Indian? Searching for an Answer to the Question at the Core of Federal Indian Law
University of Michigan Journal of Law Reform Volume 34 Issues 1&2 2000 Who Is an Indian? Searching for an Answer to the Question at the Core of Federal Indian Law Margo S. Brownell Robins, Kaplan, Miller & Ciresi, L.L.P. Follow this and additional works at: https://repository.law.umich.edu/mjlr Part of the Indian and Aboriginal Law Commons, Law and Race Commons, and the Legislation Commons Recommended Citation Margo S. Brownell, Who Is an Indian? Searching for an Answer to the Question at the Core of Federal Indian Law, 34 U. MICH. J. L. REFORM 275 (2000). Available at: https://repository.law.umich.edu/mjlr/vol34/iss1/8 This Note is brought to you for free and open access by the University of Michigan Journal of Law Reform at University of Michigan Law School Scholarship Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in University of Michigan Journal of Law Reform by an authorized editor of University of Michigan Law School Scholarship Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. WHO IS AN INDIAN? SEARCHING FOR AN ANSWER TO THE QUESTION AT THE CORE OF FEDERAL INDIAN LAW Margo S. Brownell* The definition of Indian is the measure of eligibility for a variety of bene- fits and programs provided to Indians under federal law. There is confusion, however, at the core of efforts to define "Indian." This confu- sion raises many concerns about the role that government plays in defining "Indian." This Note surveys the most common definitions of "Indian"found in federal statutes, BIA regulations, and state laws. -
AITL Chapter 06 319..382
CHAPTER 6 CIVIL RIGHTS Like state and federal courts, tribal courts are a significant forum in which individuals under the jurisdiction of government seek a remedy for civil rights violations. Congress’s enactment of the Indian Civil Rights Act (ICRA) in 1968, along with the United States Supreme Court’s decision in Santa Clara Pueblo v. Martinez, 436 U.S. 49 (1978), cemented the importance of tribal courts in vin- dicating civil rights. Congress enacted ICRA as Title II of the 1968 Civil Rights Act. Portions of the ICRA that substantially mirror the Bill of Rights are popularly called the Indian Bill of Rights. The statute extends most of the constitutional protec- tions of the American Constitution to individuals under the jurisdiction of Indian tribal governments. In order to preserve certain aspects of tribal gov- ernment and sovereignty, Congress modified or left out some provisions of the Bill of Rights. The individual rights protections include the rights to free exercise of religion, free speech, press, assembly, and to petition for a redress of grievances; the right to be free of unreasonable searches and seizures without a search warrant to be issued only upon a showing of probable cause; the right to be free from being placed in double jeopardy and from self-incrimination; the right to due process and equal protection; the right to be free from taking of property without just compensation; the rights to a speedy trial, confront witnesses, and the assistance of counsel; the freedom from excessive bail and cruel and unusual punishment; the freedom from bills of attainder and ex post facto laws; and the right to a jury of at least six persons in all criminal cases carrying the possibility of imprisonment. -
Cherokee Genealogy
2/22/2010 Cherokee Genealogy A Primer for Genealogists Today we will learn Some basic steps for doing Indian genealogy Who are the Cherokee? The removal – Trail of Tears Records existing as a result of the removal The Dawes Rolls Other Cherokee records Start at the beginning! Begin the search process starting with yourself and work backwards. Write down all names, birth dates, and death dates of all possible Native American ancestors. Keep going until you find the Native American ancestors. You must know the name of your ancestor before you can explore his or her Indian affiliation! 1 2/22/2010 Where did your ancestors live? Use maps to determine where the tribal lands were when you ancestor lived there. Census records can identify someone as Indian Race column on 1870+ federal census. 1900 federal census – states with reservations had additional Indian schedules. Asked for Indian name, nativityypg, blood, marital status, citizenship, and dwelling. 1930 census – place of birth of father and mother columns given tribe and degree of blood. Indian Census Records – 18851885--19401940 (M595) [Also on Ancestry.com and Ancestry Library Edition] 2 2/22/2010 3 2/22/2010 Moravian Church Records They gave ministry to the Cherokee. Located in the Archives of the Moravian Church in Bethlehem, Pennsylvania The recor ds have been m icro filme d. Available on loan from the Family History Library Moravian Church Records The microfilm is available from MidMid--ContinentContinent Library or the Family History Library. An index exists: Index to the Records of the Moravian Mission Amonggf the Indians of North America, comppyiled by Rev. -
The First and the Forced
The First and the Forced Essays on the Native American and African American Experience Edited by James N. Leiker, Kim Warren, and Barbara Watkins The First and the Forced Essays on the Native American and African American Experience Copyright 2007 by the University of Kansas, Hall Center for the Humanities This e-book is a product of the “The Shifting Borders of Race and Identity: A Research and Teaching Project on the Native American and African American Experience.” Its publication is supported by a grant from the Ford Foundation. Designed and produced by KLW-Webwork Title page design: Lynne Lipsey Cover credits: “Snake Bit,” Marla Jackson quilter Star quilt, Duane Dudley, Choctaw All rights reserved. This e-book may be downloaded and printed under fair-use principles. No part of this book may be reproduced in any form or by any electronic or mechanical means, including information storage and retrieval systems, without permission in writing from the publisher, except by a reviewer who may quote brief passages in a review. i The First and the Forced Essays on the Native American and African American Experience Acknowledgments iii Coeditors v Introduction―Kim Warren 1 Overview James N. Leiker, “Tangled Histories: Contemporary Research in African American/Native American Intersections” 8 Ruben Kodjo Afagla, “A Divided Horizon in Their Common Sky? Some Commonalities of African American and Native American Experiences in the United States” 55 Regional and Local Contexts Quintard Taylor, “Native Americans and African Americans: Four Intersections across Time and Space in the West” 90 Tanya Golash-Boza, “Left in the Dark: Collective Memory and Amnesia among African-descended Peruvians” 105 Contested New Identities Arica L. -
Tribally Defined Citizenship Criteria: Countering Whiteness As Property Interpretations of “Indian” for Restoring Inherent Sovereignty
Hastings Race and Poverty Law Journal Volume 18 Number 1 Winter 2021 Article 4 Winter 2021 Tribally Defined Citizenship Criteria: Countering Whiteness as Property Interpretations of “Indian” for Restoring Inherent Sovereignty Lori Bable Follow this and additional works at: https://repository.uchastings.edu/hastings_race_poverty_law_journal Part of the Law and Race Commons Recommended Citation Lori Bable, Tribally Defined Citizenship Criteria: Countering Whiteness as Property Interpretations of “Indian” for Restoring Inherent Sovereignty, 18 HASTINGS RACE & POVERTY L.J. 29 (2021). Available at: https://repository.uchastings.edu/hastings_race_poverty_law_journal/vol18/iss1/4 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Law Journals at UC Hastings Scholarship Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Hastings Race and Poverty Law Journal by an authorized editor of UC Hastings Scholarship Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. 2 - BABLE HRPLJ V18-1 (DO NOT DELETE) 11/2/2020 8:23 AM Tribally Defined Citizenship Criteria: Countering Whiteness as Property Interpretations of “Indian” for Restoring Inherent Sovereignty LORI BABLE∞ Abstract: This article implements the framework of whiteness of property to articulate the ways in which holdings of the Supreme Court of the United States (SCOTUS) have limited Tribal Nations’ sovereignty because of the illegibility and correlative dispossession of inherent sovereignty itself. This article also highlights how these past SCOTUS opinions, especially -
CDIB: the Role of the Certificate of Degree of Indian Blood in Defining Native American Legal Identity
American Indian Law Journal Volume 6 Issue 2 Article 4 5-11-2018 CDIB: The Role of the Certificate of Degree of Indian Blood in Defining Native American Legal Identity Paul Spruhan Navajo Nation Department of Justice Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.law.seattleu.edu/ailj Part of the Indian and Aboriginal Law Commons Recommended Citation Spruhan, Paul (2018) "CDIB: The Role of the Certificate of Degree of Indian Blood in Defining Native American Legal Identity," American Indian Law Journal: Vol. 6 : Iss. 2 , Article 4. Available at: https://digitalcommons.law.seattleu.edu/ailj/vol6/iss2/4 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Student Publications and Programs at Seattle University School of Law Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in American Indian Law Journal by an authorized editor of Seattle University School of Law Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. CDIB: The Role of the Certificate of Degree of Indian Blood in Defining Native American Legal Identity Cover Page Footnote Assistant Attorney General, Navajo Nation Department of Justice. J.D., University of New Mexico (2000); A.B., A.M., University of Chicago (1995, 96). The views expressed in this paper are those of the author. Thanks to the following who read drafts and provided comments: Bidtah Becker, Bethany Berger, Katherine Ellinghaus, Chaitna Sinha, and David Wilkins, and an anonymous reviewer who provided very helpful critiques. Thanks as always to the Spruhan family and the Becker family for their support. This and my other works on this subject are dedicated to Bahe and Tazbah.