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Bases Legales Del Intercambio De Los ETNOBIOLOGÍA es una publicación Nuestra portada: semestral de la Asociación Etnobiológica Mexicana, A. C. El título ETNOBIOLOGÍA, se refiere al Este número inicial, fue presentado de dominio de esta disciplina y al objeto de manera virtual, durante el Tercer Congreso su quehacer. Internacional de Etnobotánica en Nápoles, La imagen, muestra warís rarámuris Italia en septiembre de 2001, y durante el construidos a base de gu rú (palmilla, Cuarto Congreso Mexicano de Etno­ Sabal uresana); en el fondo de ellos esúín biología, en Huejutla, Hidalgo, en no­ depositados makwásari (coles o quelites viembre del mismo año. de agua), y sobre el margen de ellos, diversos píleos de wekogíkes (hongos de El contenido expresado en los artículos es las aguas, Amanita aff. caesarea), ambos responsabilidad de los autores. elementos comestibles y en proceso de deshidratación, sirven como reserva ali­ Es autorizada la reproducción total o menticia durante el invierno y primavera. parcial de las contribuciones siempre y La fotografía procede de los alrededores cuando se citen las fuentes y no tenga de Panalachi, en la Sierra Tarahumara, fines de lucro. Chih., México, y fue registrada por el editor durante el verano de 1997. La etnia rarámuri, también conocida como Dirigir correspondencia a : tarahumara, es una de las más resistentes y Laboratorio de Etnobotánica, Facultad de que menos transculturación ha sufrido a lo Ciencias, UNAM. Circuito Exterior, largo de su historia. Se caracteriza, entre Ciudad Universitaria. Delegación otros aspectos, por el adecuado aprove­ Coyoacán, C. P. 04510, Apartado Postal chamiento y conservación de su diverso y 70296, México, D. F. vasto entorno natural. Tiraje: 500 ejemplares ETNOBIOLOGÍA Editor/Chief editor M. en C. Ángel Moreno Fuentes Facultad de Ciencias, UNAM, México, D. F. [email protected] Coeditora/Associate editor M. en C. María Guadalupe Escamilla Sarabia Posgrado en Ciencias de la Tierra, UNAM, México, D. F. [email protected] Comité Editorial Editorial Board Dr. Luis Alberto Vargas M. en C. Artemio Cruz León Instituto de Investigaciones Antropológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Chapingo UNAM, México, D. F. México, México. Comité Científico Scientific Board M. en C. Abigaíl AguiJar M. en C. M. Armando Luis Martínez Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social Facultad de Ciencias, UNAM México, D. F. México, D. F. Dr. Javier Caballero M. en C. Gladys Manzanero Jardín Botánico, Instituto de Biología, UNAM CIIDIR (IPN) unidad Oaxaca México, D. F. Oaxaca, Oaxaca. M. en C. Nelly Diego Dra. Cristina Mapes Facultad de Ciencias, UNAM Jardín Botánico, Instituto de Biología, UNAM México, D. F. México, D. F. M. en C. Emma Estrada Dr. Miguel Angel Martínez Alfaro Universidad Autónoma de Chapingo Jardín Botánico, Instituto de Biología, UNAM México, México. México, D. F. Dra. Norma García M. en C. Rafael Monroy Facultad de Ciencias, UNAM Universidad Autónoma de Morelos México, D. F. Cuemavaca, Morelos. M. en C. Armando Gómez M. en C. Adriana Montoya Esquivel Facultad de Ciencias, UNAM Universidad Autónoma de Tlaxcala México, D. F. Tlaxcala, Tlaxcala. Dr. Miguel León Portilla Dra. Lourdes Navarijo Ornelas Instituto de Investigaciones Hi stóricas, UNAM Instituto de Biología, UNAM México, D. F. México, D. F.­ Dra. Janet Long ToweH M. en C. Juan Manuel Rodríguez Chávez Instituto de Investigaciones Históricas, UNAM Facultad de Ciencias, UNAM México, D. F. México, D. F. Número de Certificado de Reserva de Derechos: 04-2001-10 1214423200-102 ETNOBIOLOGÍA Asociación Etnobiológica M-exicana, A. C. Número 1 México 2001 Agradecimientos Acknowledgments Los editores hacen manifiesto su agradecimiento a las siguientes personas y dependencias, por el apoyo brindado en la edición de esta publicación . • M. en C. Artemio Cruz León (Universidad Autónoma de Chapingo) Lic. Felipe Villegas Márquez (Instituto de Biología, UNAM) Dra. Patricia Lappe (Instituto de Biología, UNAM) Lic. Graciela González (Instituto de Investigaciones Antropológicas, UNAM) M. en C. Susana Valencia (Facultad de Ciencias, UNAM) Biól. Iris García (Facultad de Ciencias, UNAM) Sección de Micología, Facultad de Ciencias, UNAM Biblioteca Juan Rulfo (Instituto Nacional Indigenista) Asociación Etnobiológica Mexicana, A. C. Fundada el 30 de marzo de 1993 Mesa directiva: marzo 1993 - marzo 1995 Presidenta: Dra. iulieta Ramos Elorduy Secretario: Óscar Jorge Polaco Ramos Tesorero: M. en C. José Manuel Pino Moreno Vocales: Rafael Silva Torres Biól. Marina Vi llegas y de Gante Dr. Luis Alberto Vargas Guadarrama Dr. Miguel Angel Martínez Alfaro M. en C. Juan Manuel Rodríguez Chávez Mesa directiva: abril 1995 - marzo 1998 • Presidente: M. en C. Juan Manuel Rodríguez Chávez Vicepresidenta: Biól. Marina Vi llegas y de Gante Tesorero: M. en C. José Manuel Pino Moreno Vocales: Biól. Delfina Ramos Zamora Antrop. Lucio Lara Plata Biól. Roberto Soto Toral Mesa directiva: marzo 1998 - marzo 1999 Presidenta: Biól. Marina Vi llegas y de Gante Vicepresidente: M. en C. Artemio Cruz León Secretario: M. en C. Rafael Monroy Tesorera: M. en C. María Guadalupe Escamilla Sarabia Vocales: M. en C. Juan Manuel Rodríguez Chávez M. en C. Ángel Moreno Fuentes Mesa directiva: marzo 2000­ Presidente: M. en C. Guillermo Aullet Bribiesca Vicepresidenta: M. en C. Margarita Á vila Uribe Secretaria: M. en C. Aurora Montúfar Tesorera: Quím. Irma Rueda Vocales: M. en C. Ángel Moreno Fuentes Quím. Blanca Berdeja Biól. Lourdes Sánchez Cervantes Biól. María Eugenia Moncayo López Socios fundadores de la Asociación Etnobiológica Mexicana, A. C. Doris Heyde~ Reich, Ana María Luisa Velasco Lozano de Rojas, Margarita Micaela Ávila Uribe, Delfina Ramos Zamor'li Fons~ca, Emma Cristina Mapes Sápchez, Guadalupe de la Lanza Espino, Oiga Marcela Nissen BalTientos, María Celia Germán Faz, Rafael Ortega Paczka, Inntraud Wag:enbreth Arpe, María Teresa Olivera Carrasco, Ligia Butrón Madrigal, Ana Fabiola Guzmán Camacho, Heriberto Soto Toral, María de Lourdes Navarijo Omelas, Raymundo García Alcántara, Belén Zuñiga Arellano, Emma Estrada' Martínez, María Eugenia Ordorica Vargas Ramírez, Verónica Rodríguez López, Teresita Rodríguez López, María del Carmen Iris Fonseca Nava, Jorge Arturo Argueta Villamar, Laura Cortés Zarraga, Blanca Berdeja Martínez, Beatriz Ramírei Mora, Enrique Montero Montero, Diodoro Granados Sánchez, Carlos Rommel, Beutelspacher Baights, Enrique Guizar N olazco, Beatriz Cecilia Aguilar Valdé~, Teresa Rojas Rabiela, Juan Manuel Rodríguez Chávez, • Víctor Ricó Gray, María TereSa Quintero, María Antonieta Ocho a Ocaña, Lauro González Quintero, José Luis García Calderón, María Guadalupe Escamilla Sarabia, Alicia Blanco Padilla, Edelmira Linares Mazari, María del Rocío Azcárraga Rosete, Susana Ochoa Gaona, Martha Vergara Santana, Tomas Manrique Rojano, Robert Bye Boettler, Janet Long Solís, Joan M. Andreus, Enrique Leff, Javier Caballero Nieto, Gastón -Guzmán, Julieta Ramos Elourduy Blasquez, Oscar Jorge Polaco Ramos, José Manuel Pino Moreno, Rafael Silva Torres, Marina Villegas y de Gante, Luis Alberto Vargas Guadarrama, María Eugenia Pulido Alvarez, Josefina Ramos Ramos, Gisela Von Wobeser Hoepfner y Miguel Angel Martínez Alfaro. Presentación La etnobiología, disciplina híbrida del conocimiento, tiene en la fundación de la etnobotánica por Harshberger a finales ¿el siglo XIX, uno de sus más sólidos pilares. En México, la etnobiología es originalmente propuesta e impulsada por Maldonado-Koerdell a mediados del siglo pasado. A pesar de que durante su desarrollo, la etnobotánica ha sido su rama más robusta y propositiva, áreas como la etnozoología, etnoecología, etnoedafología y etnomicología se perfilan hoy en día con amplias expectativas, hecho en gran parte, gracias a la enorme riqueza biológica y cultural yuxtapuestas y en interacción constante en tiempo y espacio a lo largo del territorio nacional, y a la acertada visión de las distintas generaciones de etnobiólogos. La Asociación Etnobiológica Mexicana, A. c., la cual nace en 1993, es la organización que aglutina a la mayor parte de colegas nacionales. Ésta ha organizado hasta el momento cuatro congresos nacionales, en los que se han presentado cientos de trabajos con este carácter y los cuales proceden de muchos de los rincones del país, y de sus distintas instituciones de investigación y docencia, pero en muchas de las veces, directamente de las culturas indígenas. • La edición del primer número de la revista Etnobiologia, surge con el nuevo siglo y representa la cristalización de credibilidad y esfuerzos de todos aquellos que han participado en las múltiples actividades de la Asociación y constituye para los editores, un gran honor y orgullo el que se nos haya encomendado y confiado esta gran responsabilidad, la cual hemos asumido con gusto e intentado desarrollar con 10 mejor de nuestro tesón y trabajo. Estamos conscientes de que falta mucho por hacer, pero también convencidos de que trabajando todos en la dirección correcta y con un espíritu de voluntad férreo, consolidar en pocos años una revista de alta calidad, a la altura de los estándares más exigentes de carácter nacional e internacional; una publicación que cumpla con el compromiso de difundir e integrar los conocimientos científico y tradicional acerca de la naturaleza; México cuenta con los elementos necesarios para conseguirlo. En este número inicial, presentamos cuatro contribuciones en calidad de artículos, los cuales tienen que ver por una parte, con el paradigma de los recursos génicos, propiedad intelectual y sus interrogantes legales; por otra, una retrospectiva de la familia
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