Monographische Uebersicht Der Prionidengattung Callipogon Serv

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Monographische Uebersicht Der Prionidengattung Callipogon Serv [Berliner Entomolog. Zeitschrift. Bd. XXXVII. 1892. Heft I.] 17 Monographische Uebersicht der Prionidengattung C a 11 i p o g o n Sew. Ton A. F. Nonfi-ied. Mit Tafel 111. Zu den interessantesten Cerambycidengattungen gchoren un- streitig die Angehorigen der Familie #,Pr i o n i n i". Obzwar die einzelnen Spezies dieser Familie nicht jene fascinirende Farbenpracht aufweisen konnen, wie selbe die Callichroma -Arten nebst ihren Verwandten besitzen, auch bei ihnen zumeist jene bunte Farbung nicht vorkommt, wie bei den Sphingnotus-, Crioprosopus-, Trqqo- cephala- und Sternotowks-Arten aus der Lamiiden-Gruppe, so stehen doch die Prioniden - was Grosse und Korperbildung anbelangt - allen tibrigen Bockkafern voran und konnen kaum nus dieser do- minirenden Stellung verdrangt werden. wer kennt nicht die an Gm$Zota@a erinnernde, absonderliche Karpergestalt des Hypoce- phalzis armatzis, des sonderbaren Prionocalzcs Buckleyyi, die me- tallisch schimmernden Psalidognathus-, Mallaspis- und Pyrodes- Arten, die interessante Farbenanpassung (Mimicry) der Macrodontien, Orthomegas- und Tithots-Arten ? Unstreitig bildet eine grosscrc Sammlung von Prioniden das interessanteste Beschauobject - und ist wtirdig, an die Seite der Lucaniden und Cetoniden, bekanntlich der interessantesten Familien, gestellt zu werden. Wie die Mimicry bei der einzigen Prionidengattung, ntimlich der Macrodontia, ausgebildet ist und das Thier seinem Domizil sich anpasst, beweist der Umstand, dass das lebende Thier, das gewohnlich an verschiedenen Palmenstammen vorkommt, in der Ruhe sehr schwer erkeniibar ist, welches Factum mir auch von meinem brasilianischen Sammler bestatigt wurde. Derselbe sandte mir zur Bekraftiguag seiner Aussage ein Stuck vom Stamme einer Alexandrayalme, - und hat man nun die Ma- crodontia auf dasselbe befestigt, so sah man in kurzer Entfernung vom Thiere gar nichts, - denn die Farbung der Flugeldecken, das XXXVII. Heft I. 2 18 A. F. Nonfried: monographischr: Uebersicht stachliche branne Halsschild harmonirten wunderbar mit der Um- gebung. und die braungelbe Oberfllclie mit den braunen Streifen sah der abgestorbenen Palmenrinde mit ihren vertrockneten Blattnarben tluschend iihnlich. Die Prioniden sind iiber die ganze Erde verbreitet; man findet sie wie in den kalten, so auch in den gemlssigten und heissen Gegenden ; ihre bedeutendste Qrosse nnd Farbung erreichen sic aber in den feuchtheissen Klimaten beider Erdhllften. Central- und Siidamerilra besitzt die metallisch gllnzenden, ab- sonderlich gestalteten Arten; Asien und Afrika, theilweise auch Australien, dagegen grosse, meist duiikle oder graugelb gefiirbte Arten, die einander lhnlich sind. Die grosste L&nge hat die siidamerikanische Art - der Titanzcs, der zugleich als der grosste Cernmbyx der Erde angesehen werden kann. Unter den Prioniden ist eine der interessantesten Gattungen jene der ,,CaZ2ipo.r/on Serv.”, von denen ich hier eine kurze monographische Skizze geben will. Den ersten Anlass zum detaillirten Studium dieser Familie bekani ich durch den Umstand, dass mir durch lhgere Zeit von ineinen central- und siidameriknnischen Samnilern verschiedene CaZZipo.qon- Spezies in grbsserer Anzahl eingesendet wnrden, und so das Material zum Vergleichen der bestehenden und beschriebenen Arten bildeten. Hierbei kam ich auf Grundlage des grossen Materiales zur Ueber- zeugong, class die bisher bestandenen Arten, wie Call. barbatus nnd barb. v. ornutzis einerseits - die als Reprlsentanten der Gruppe mit glatten oder sparsam beliaartcii Flugeldecken gelten mtissen - und Ca21. Limoinei als Vertrcter der dicht behaarten zweiten Gruppe - nicht im Stande sind, dass in sie alle CaZLipogon eingereiht werden, zumal uns bisher die gana glatte, Jiaarlose Stammform ge- fehlt hat. Ebenso fehlte uiis bisher die Uebergangsform zwischen dieser und dem dicht behaarten Call. Limoinei. Beide diese erwahnten Formen fanden sich aber in. meinem Materiale vor, und geschieht weiter unteii von ihnen Erwahnung. Die Gattung Callipogon wurde unter diesem Namen von S ervill e gegrllndet, obzwar Primus bnrbatue syrionym mit Call. barbatus schon von Fabricius in seiiiem System. Eleut., - weiter in 0 1i v i e r’s Entoinologie beschrieben nnd abgcbildet erscheint. Alle Vrrtreter dieser Familie bewohnen Central- und Sitdamerika, und kann der 25. Grad nordl. und 10.--15. Grad stidl. Breite als ihw allgemeine Heimat angesehen werden. der Prionidengattung Callipogon Serv. 19 Den nordlichsteii District, von wo ich Call. barbatus erhielt, bildete Colima in Mexico, und indem sein Verbreitnngsgebiet m6g- licherweise noch etwas nordlicher vorlrommen kann, geht man nicht fehl, wenn der Wendekreis des Krebses als seine nordlichste Grenze angenommen wird. Gegen den Siiden verbreiten sich die Calliyogon-Arten liber ganz Centralamerika, dort sehr haufig vorkommend, tiberschreiten den Isthmus von Panama, finden sich xioch hbufig in Columbien, werden in Ecuador und Bolivia, und zwar je siidlicher - desto seltener, urn in Peru ihre sudlichste Grenze zii erreichen. Merkwtirdig ist der Umstand, dass die Arten mit unbehaarter oder sparlich behaarter Oberfltiehe bisher den Isthmus von Panama nicht tiberschritten, wogegen der in Columbien eigentlich heimische Cull. Linioinei auch, obzwar selten, in Centralamerika vorkommt; ferner das fast ganzliche Fehlen der CaZZipyon-Arten an der Ost- ktiste von Centralamerika, dam dem nordlichen Sudamerika (wie Venezuela, ferner Guyana, Brasilien etc.). Der an der Westlrllste von Slidamerika vorkommende Call. Li- moinei wird gegen die Grenze von Venezuela schon seltener, und konnte ostlich am weitesten in Sierra Nevada bei Merida nach- gewiesen werderi; weiter kommt aeder er rioch eine andere Art vor, und kann die Wasserscheide zwischen Oriuoco und Aniazonas als seine stldlichste, Sierra Nevada tlber als seine astlichste Verbreitungs- grenze angenommen werden. Von der Biologie dieser Gattung ist soviel wie Nichts bekannt. Wie mir meine Sanimler schrieben, werden die Q Q beim Eier- ablegen an den Palmenstammen angetroffen, die Larve nahrt sich vom Marke, verpuppt sich hochstwahrscheinlicli auch im Stamme und der Kafer wird auch auf Palmenstammen gefunden. Dies gilt namentlich in Waldrodungen, wo auf gefallten Baumen eine ganze Gesellschaft verschiedeiier Cerambyciden sehr htiufig beisammen ge- troffen wird ; es sind darunter Adacocerzis, C'tenoscelis -Arten, der langbeinige Harlelrin (Macropus longimanzrs) und andere buntge- farbte Gesellen. Nscli dem lieutigen Stande habcii wir 4 Spezies nnd 3 Varietgten; hiervon sind in Centralamerika 5 Arten und in Sudameriks 2 Arten heimisch. Von den bereits beschriebenen Spezies gebe ich hier der Voll- standigkeit wegen kurzc Diagnosen; die nova spec. werden ausfilhrlich beschrieben. 2" 20 A. E. Nonfried: nzonqqrnphische Uebersicht a. Arten mit glatten, gltinzenden Flecken am Thorax; die Flageldecken entweder ganz unbehaart, oder mit sehr spa rli ch er Beh aarung. 1. Kopf breit, liinglich, schwarz, glanzend, sparlich grob punktirt; zwischen den Augen tief eingeschniirt, mit stark vortretendeii Augen- leisten, schwach behaart; Mandibeln stark, sehr dicht behaart, zahn- 10s (9), grob gerunzelt. Fuhler gliinzend schwarz. glatt, fast ohne Punktirung. Thorax langlich-quadratisch, stark gewolbt, die Riinder fein ge- zahnt; sehr grob gerunzelt, glanzend tiefbraun, mit funf erhabenen glatten Makeln geziert. Die Malreln sind folgends vertheilt : je zwei grosse tropfenformige in der Mitte, je eine beim Ilintereck, endlich je eine langliche strich- fiirmige nahe der Basis. Schildchen gllinzend, glatt. Flugeldecken langlich gestreckt, am Ende schmgler, lichtbraun, bei den Schulterbuclreln und urn das Schildchen fast schwarz, tiberall dicht punktirt, seidenartig glanzend, ganzlich unbehaart. Von dcr Basis aber angefangen bis zu ihrer Mitte sind die Flageldecken sebr stark gerunzelt, fast warzig. Brust sehr schwach behaart, Mesosternum ganz glatt, nur an jeder Seite ein weisslich filziger, scharf abgegrenzter Streifen. Bei dem ihm verwandten C’ctll. bnrbntus et var. senex wird derselbe durch schmale behaarte Querbinden unterbroclien und bildet dann glatte langlich viereckige Stellen. Beine schwarzbrsun, glatt, gllnzend, sehr fcin punktirt, ganzlich unbehaart. Lange 60-65 mm. Nord-Honduras. Gallipogon Hauseri niihi. 2. Lang gestreckt, glanzend lichtbraun, glatt. Kopf und Thorax schwarzbraun; ersterer beini & mit langcii aufwarts gebogenen Mandibeln, die glanzend und vicrz&hnig, am Innenrand stark behaart sind, und wo der kleinste Znhn nahe dcr Wurzel befindlich ist. Thorax dicht punktirt, matt, init zwei grossen runden Makeln iii der Mitte - je einer neben dem Seitenrand und einer parallel mit der Basis. Flugeldecken gliinzend braun, an der Basis grober - sonst aber fein punktirt, fast glatt, ohne Behaarung. Unterseite dicht weisslicli behaart, die Bauchsegmente in der Mitte glatt, haarlos. der Prionidengnttung C(illip9on SWP. 21 Die schwarzbraunen Beinc sind weisslich behaart. IAngc 80-110 mm. Ganz Centralamerika. Cn 11. b n 9-b at 7~ 8 Fabr. Synonym: 0 jirmzis Dej., Cat. 3. cd. pag. 342. d lucanicerus Chevr. in litt et Scrville, Ann. France, 1832, pag. 142. 3. Gestalt und Farbe aic bcim vorhergehenden; Kopf schwarz, dicht bchaart, cbenso die dreizBhnigen Mnndibeln, die die 1,ilngc dcs Kopfes erreichen. Beim Thorax sind dic kleineii 3 Makeln strich- formig yebildet. Ftkhler grob punktirt, dunkelbraun, znm Ende roth- brnun. Fhgeldecken sehr schwach gerippt, fein, an dcr Basis starker punktirt, mit einem Anflug von sehr feiner, Busserst kurzer weisser Behaarung. Unterseite schwarz nnd wic die
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