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L'entomophagie Dans Les Écorégions Humide Et Subhumide De UNIVERSITE D’ANTANANARIVO FACULTE DES SCIENCES DOMAINE : SCIENCES ET TECHNOLOGIES MÉMOIRE POUR L’OBTENTION DU Diplôme de MASTER Parcours : Gestion Durable des Insectes Utiles et Nuisibles Professionnel L’entomophagie dans les écorégions humide et subhumide de Madagascar : inventaire des insectes comestibles et étude exploratoire des pratiques et habitudes Soutenu publiquement le : 01 Octobre 2020 Présenté par : Mademoiselle RALANTOARINAIVO Ravaka Valisoan’ Ny Fanantenana Devant le JURY composé de : Président : Monsieur RANDRIANARISOA Ernest Maître de conférences Examinateur : Madame RAVELOSON RAVAOMANARIVO Lala Harivelo Professeur d’ESR Rapporteur : Monsieur RAVELOMANANA Andrianjaka Maître de conférences Co-Rapporteur: Monsieur Brian L. Fisher California Academy of Sciences UNIVERSITE D’ANTANANARIVO FACULTE DES SCIENCES DOMAINE : SCIENCES ET TECHNOLOGIES MÉMOIRE POUR L’OBTENTION DU Diplôme de MASTER Parcours : Gestion Durable des Insectes Utiles et Nuisibles Professionnel L’entomophagie dans les écorégions humide et subhumide de Madagascar : inventaire des insectes comestibles et étude exploratoire des pratiques et habitudes Soutenu publiquement le : 01 Octobre 2020 Présenté par : Mademoiselle RALANTOARINAIVO Ravaka Valisoan’ Ny Fanantenana Devant le JURY composé de : Président : Monsieur RANDRIANARISOA Ernest Maître de conférences Examinateur : Madame RAVELOSON RAVAOMANARIVO Lala Harivelo Professeur d’ESR Rapporteur : Monsieur RAVELOMANANA Andrianjaka Maître de conférences Co-Rapporteur: Monsieur Brian L. Fisher California Academy of Sciences Remerciements Je souhaite exprimer mes sincères remerciements à : Dieu tout puissant : Qui m’a donné l’opportunité d’affronter des dures épreuves de la vie pour que je me renforce, pour ses bénédictions, pour son amour et sa bonté, Le Doyen de la Faculté des Sciences : Dr RAMAHAZOSOA Irrish Parker Pour avoir autorisé la défense de ce sujet, Le Chef de mention E-CES, Dr Victor RAZAFINDRANAIVO Pour m’avoir permis d’effectuer mes études au sein de son établissement, Mon président de jury : Dr RANDRIANARISOA Ernest Pour nous avoir fait l’honneur de présider la soutenance de ce mémoire Mon examinateur : Pr RAVELOSON RAVAOMANARIVO Lala Harivelo Pour l’intérêt que vous portez à ce travail en me faisant l’honneur d’accepter de le juger, Mon encadreur pédagogique : Dr Andrianjaka RAVELOMANANA, Maitre de Conférences à l’Université d’Antananarivo Pour votre disponibilité, votre patience et vos précieux conseils, Mes encadreurs externes : Dr Brian L. Fisher de California Academy of Sciences et Dr Joost Van Itterbeeck de l’Université de Rikkio Pour vos précieux conseils et propositions, votre aide et vos encouragements, Représentante permanente de Madagascar Biodiversity Center (MBC/CAS) à Madagascar, Madame Balsama RAJEMISON Pour m’avoir fait l’honneur d’accepter d’effectuer mon stage au niveau du centre Madagascar Biodiversity Center, USAID: US Agency for International Development Pour une aide au développement de Madagascar dans les domaines de la sécurité alimentaire, surtout pour le financement de ce projet, Chargé de recherche au sein du Centre de Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) Paris : Dr Sylvain HUGEL et Dr Faneva I. RAJEMISON, chargé de recherche au sein de MBC Pour votre disponibilité, votre aide, vos précieux conseils et proposition, i Coordonatrice de projet au sein de MBC, Irina Nantenaina ANDRIANAVALONA RAKOTOMALALA Pour nos bons moments, nos pires moments sur terrain et tes conseils, Personnel et corps enseignant de la mention E-CES : Pour avoir transféré vos savoirs, compétence, l’esprit critique et expérience et avoir donné les bagages pour surmonter les difficultés, Avotra RIJA DIDIER : Pour tes aides inestimables, pour m’avoir soutenu et supporté dans les bons moments que dans les mauvais, pour tes encouragements et pour tous les bonheurs que tu m’apportes, Mes parents, mon frère et ma sœur : Pour avoir toujours cru en ma réussite et pour m’avoir soutenu depuis le premier jour. Pour avoir su trouver les mots pour me motiver quand mon cœur n’y était plus, Lala Rija Didier RANDRIANARY et Harimahefa Monique RAZAFINJATO : Pour vos aides précieux et vos soutiens, Personnel du centre Madagascar Biodiversity Center : Faniry Johanna RAKOTONDRASOA, Jessica RAKOTONANDRIANINA pour nos bons moments. Chrislain RANAIVO, Claver Edson RANDRIANANDRASANA pour votre accompagnement et assistance sur terrain, surtout dans les pires conditions, Andry RAKOTOMALALA, Christian SOLONIAINA, pour vos conseils et vos disponibilités, Miranto, Nomena, Frasquita, Tahiana, Manoa, Nicole, Navalona, Miangola, Francia, Iandovola, Toky, Tsiry, Patrick, Tsiry, Kiady, Alain pour la bonne humeur qui rythme nos journées, Toute la famille : Mes grands-parents, mes tantes et oncles, mes cousins et cousines, mes nièces et neveux pour vos encouragements, nos bons moments et rigolades Mes amis et proches : Innocente, Sekoly Alahadin’olon-dehibe, Sampana Mpanazava sy Tily 339-ème FJKM Tsimahandry pour vos encouragements et vos prières, Camarade de classe de la mention E-CES, l’équipe de football dame de l’Université d’Antananarivo, L’équipe de tennis de table de l’Université d’Antananarivo, l’équipe d’Athlétisme de l’Université d’Antananarivo, l’équipe de basketball de la Faculté des Sciences, pour nos bons moments ensemble, pour avoir améliorer mes conditions physiques, moral, pour nos défaites et surtout les victoires qui me motivaient. ii Table des matières Remerciements ................................................................................................................................. i Table des matières ......................................................................................................................... iii Liste des figures .............................................................................................................................. iv Liste des photos ...............................................................................................................................v Liste des cartes ................................................................................................................................v Liste des tableaux ............................................................................................................................v Liste des annexes .......................................................................................................................... vii Glossaire ....................................................................................................................................... viii Abréviation ..................................................................................................................................... xii I. INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................. 1 II. GENERALITES ET REVUE BIBLIOGRAPHIQIE ........................................................... 3 II.1 Ecorégions de Madagascar ............................................................................................. 3 II.2 Démographie de Madagascar.......................................................................................... 4 II.3 Consommation des insectes ............................................................................................ 8 II.4 Pratiques en entomophagie ........................................................................................... 12 III. MATERIELS ET METHODES ....................................................................................... 15 III.1 Sites d’étude ................................................................................................................... 15 III.2 Matériels ......................................................................................................................... 18 III.3 Méthodes ........................................................................................................................ 21 IV. RESULTATS ET INTERPRETATIONS ......................................................................... 29 IV.1 Diversité des insectes comestibles dans les écorégions humide et subhumide .......... 29 IV.2 Consommation des insectes comestibles ..................................................................... 34 IV.3 Préférences en insectes comestibles et aliments d’origine animale ............................. 42 IV.4 Méthodes villageoises dans la pratique de l’entomophagie .......................................... 48 V. DISCUSSION ................................................................................................................. 53 V.1 Inventaire des insectes comestibles .............................................................................. 53 V.2 Consommation et non consommation des insectes ...................................................... 54 V.3 Préférence en insectes comestibles (cas des répondants)........................................... 55 VI. CONCLUSION ............................................................................................................... 57 Références Bibliographiques ........................................................................................................ 59 Annexes .......................................................................................................................................... a iii Liste des figures Figure 1: Population des 22 régions de Madagascar ...................................................................
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