DOCSLIB.ORG

The Cherokee/Seminole Removal Role Play

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
The Cherokee/Seminole Removal Role Play The Cherokee/Seminole Removal Role Play In her book A Century of Dishonor, important characteristics with much of U.S. published in 1881, Helen Hunt Jackson wrote, foreign policy: economic interests paramount, race “There will come a time in the remote future as a key factor, legality flaunted, the use of violence when, to the student of American history [the to enforce U.S. will, a language of justification Cherokee removal] will seem well-nigh incred- thick with democratic and humanitarian ible.” The events leading up to the infamous Trail platitudes. This trend continues with several topics of Tears, when U.S. soldiers marched Cherokee we will study this year - The U.S. war with Mexico, Indians at bayonet-point almost a thousand miles the Spanish-American War and our colonization of from Georgia to Oklahoma, offer a window into the Philippines. My task is to equip you to search the nature of U.S. expansion—in the early 19th for patterns throughout history, patterns that century, but also throughout this country’s his- continue into our own time. tory. The story of the Cherokees’ uprooting may seem “well-nigh incredible” today, but it shares Pictures/Getty Lallo/TimeLife d E Tobi and Larry Brown retrace the Cherokees’ 1,000-mile Trail of Tears journey. The Browns were part of a 1988 reenactment. The Cherokees were not the only indigenous people affected by the Indian Removal law and the decade of dispossession that followed. The Seminoles, living in Florida, were another group targeted for resettlement. For years, they had lived side by side with people of African ancestry, most of whom were escaped slaves or descendants of escaped slaves. Indeed, the Seminoles and Africans living with each other were not two distinct peoples. Their inclusion in this role play allows you to explore further causes for Indian removal, to see ways in which slavery was an important consideration motivating the U.S. government’s hoped-for final solution to the supposed Indian problem. The role play encourages you to explore these dynamics from the inside. As you portray individuals in some of the groups that shaped these historical episodes, the aim is for you to see not only what happened, but why it happened—and perhaps to wonder whether there were alternatives. Procedure: 1. We will read “Indian Removal Role Play: Problems to Consider,” and view a map to get a sense of how far it is from Georgia and Florida to Oklahoma. 2. Each of you will be part of a group representing one of 5 roles: a. Cherokees b. Andrew Jackson Administration c. Plantation Owners and Farmers d. Missionaries and Northern Reformers* e. Black Seminoles *In previous years of teaching this role play, I did not include a “Missionaries and Northern Reformers” role. The omis- sion of a sympathetic white role left the class with the impression that all white people in the country were united in the quest to forcibly move Indian tribes and nations off their lands. In fact, white people as diverse as the abolitionist William Lloyd Garrison and the Tennessee frontiersman-turned-Congressman, Davy Crockettt, opposed the Indian removal bill. The vote in the U.S. House of Representatives in favor of removal was 102 to 97—an under- whelming majority. Nonetheless, it’s important that you recognize the racial and cultural biases of even those who considered themselves the Indians’ friends and allies. All 5 groups are invited to a hearing to discuss the Indian Removal Bill before Congress. You should consider the resolution, and in your presentations should be sure to respond to three questions on the Role Play instruction sheet. 3. In groups, you should begin by reading your assigned role. As a group, please make a prioritized list of your concerns in 1830. This is especially valuable when it is time to share ideas, argue, and build alliances with other groups. Your group should discuss your ideas on the questions you will be addressing at the Congressional Hearing. Additionally, please label signs so that everyone can see who you represent. You are then to choose half your group to be traveling negotiators. These people will meet with people in the other groups to share ideas, argue, and build alliances. Your roles include different information, so this is an opportunity to teach each other. 4. We will begin the timed teaching/negotiating/alliance-building session. These discussions will last 10- 15 minutes per session. I will circulate to different groups, and occasionally butt in to raise questions or point out contradictions. To ensure maximum participation of students in the class, travelers may not meet with other travelers, but only with seated members of other groups. 5. You will return to your groups to prepare the presentations you will make at the Congressional Hearing. You are to have an outlined set of notes that you will create. 6. We will begin the hearing by allowing one group to make its complete presentation. I will then raise a few questions. After this, members of other groups may question or rebut points made by the presenting group. This process continues until we’ve heard from all the groups. The more cross-group dialogue that occurs, the more interesting and exciting the meeting. 7. Discussion Questions: 1. What reasons did some groups offer for why the Indians should be moved? What do you think were their real motives? 2. Why were the Seminoles such a threat to the southern plantation owners? 3. Do you think that all those Congressmen who voted against Indian removal did so because they cared about the Indians? Can you think of other reasons Congressmen from northern states wouldn’t want the southern states to expand onto Indian Territory? 4. Do you think the missionaries would have been as sympathetic toward the Seminoles as they were toward the Cherokees? Why or why not? 5. Do you see any similarities in the situations faced by the Cherokee and Seminole peoples and situations faced by any other groups in U.S. history? in our society today? in other parts of the world? HW – You will read the excerpt from the following secondary sources: Ronald Takaki’s A Different Mirror (Boston: Little Brown, 1993) provides a good short summary of what happened to the Cherokee along what came to be called the Trail of Tears. ( p . 9 6 - 98) William Loren Katz’s Black Indians: A Hidden Heritage (New York: Atheneum, 1986) is a valuable resource for learning more about how the Seminoles were affected by the events depicted in the role play. (Chapter 4, “The Finest Looking People I Have Ever Seen”) Indian Removal Role Play Problems to Consider The year Is 1830. There is a bill before the Should all Indians living east of the Mississippi United States Congress that would provide funds River be moved, by force if necessary, west of the ($500,000) to move all Indians now living east of Mississippi River to Indian Territory? the Mississippi River to “Indian Territory” (Okla- homa) west of the Mississippi River. The Indians Questions for each group to consider in planning would be given permanent title to this land. The your presentation: money would pay the Indians for any improve- ments made on the land in the East where they’re 1. Do you support the Indian Removal Bill? now living. It would also cover the expenses of Why or why not? their transportation and for a year in their new 2. What questions do you have for members of homes in Indian Territory. the other groups that will be in attendance? The U.S. Congress has decided to hold hearings on this bill and you are invited to give 3. What will you do if Congress passes this bill? testimony and to question other individuals What will you do if Congress does not pass who will give testimony. The main question for this bill? discussion is: Cherokee Your people have lived for centuries new law forbids anyone with any Cherokee blood in the area the whites call “Georgia.” This is from testifying in court, or protesting the plans to your land. At times you’ve had to fight to keep it. move you out of your land. But you didn’t vote You’ve had a hard time with whites. Ever since for this Georgia government, and besides, you they began settling in Georgia they have continued have a treaty with the federal government that to push west, plowing the land, growing cotton says you are citizens of an independent country. and other crops. Long ago, as early as 1785, the When the U.S. government made a treaty with Cherokee Nation won the right to their land by you, that proved you are a nation. a treaty with the United States government. The The Cherokee are one of the five “civilized United States recognized the Cherokee people as tribes.” It was the whites themselves who taught part of an independent country and not subject to you much of this “civilization.” You have well- the laws of the United States. After the U.S. Consti- cultivated farms. By 1826, members of your tution was approved, the U.S. government signed Cherokee nation owned 22,000 cattle, 7,600 another treaty with the Cherokee—in 1791, when horses, 3,000 plows, 2,500 spinning wheels, 10 George Washington was president. Article Seven saw mills and 18 schools. Like southern whites, of the Hopewell treaty said, “The United States some of you also owned black slaves. In 1821, solemnly guaranty to the Cherokee nation all their Sequoya, a brilliant Cherokee Indian, invented lands not hereby ceded.” In other words, the U.S.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • The Seminole Indian Wars (1814-1858)
    THE SEMINOLE INDIAN WARS (1814-1858) Compiled by Brian Brindle Version 0.1 © 2013 Dadi&Piombo This supplement was designed to the cover three small American wars fought between 1814-1858 known today as the “Seminole Wars”. These Wars were primary gorilla style wars fought between the Seminole Indians and the U.S. army . The wars played out in a series of small battles and skirmishes as U.S. Army chased bands of Seminole worriers through the swamps IofN Florida. THE DARK In 1858 the U.S. declared the third war ended - though no peace treaty was ever signed. It is interesting to note that to this day the Seminole Tribe of Florida is the only native American tribe who have never signed a peace treaty with the U.S. Govern- ment. This Supplement allows for some really cool hit and run skirmishing in the dense The Seminole Wars and Vietnam are one vegetation and undergrowth of the Florida of the few confrontations that the U.S. swamps. It also allow s for small engage- Army have engaged in that they did not ments of small groups of very cunning definitively win. natives, adept in using the terrain to its best advantage fighting a larger, more HISTORICAL BACKGROUND clumsy, conventional army. In the early 18th century, bands of Muskogean-speaking Lower Creek In many ways Seminole War echoes the migrated to Florida from Georgia. They Vietnam War, both were guerrilla wars became known as the Seminole (liter- involving patrols out constantly, trying ally “separatists”). Floridian territory was to locate and eliminate an elusive enemy.
    [Show full text]
  • Afraid of Bear to Zuni: Surnames in English of Native American Origin Found Within
    RAYNOR MEMORIAL LIBRARIES Indian origin names, were eventually shortened to one-word names, making a few indistinguishable from names of non-Indian origin. Name Categories: Personal and family names of Indian origin contrast markedly with names of non-Indian Afraid of Bear to Zuni: Surnames in origin. English of Native American Origin 1. Personal and family names from found within Marquette University Christian saints (e.g. Juan, Johnson): Archival Collections natives- rare; non-natives- common 2. Family names from jobs (e.g. Oftentimes names of Native Miller): natives- rare; non-natives- American origin are based on objects common with descriptive adjectives. The 3. Family names from places (e.g. following list, which is not Rivera): natives- rare; non-native- comprehensive, comprises common approximately 1,000 name variations in 4. Personal and family names from English found within the Marquette achievements, attributes, or incidents University archival collections. The relating to the person or an ancestor names originate from over 50 tribes (e.g. Shot with two arrows): natives- based in 15 states and Canada. Tribal yes; non-natives- yes affiliations and place of residence are 5. Personal and family names from noted. their clan or totem (e.g. White bear): natives- yes; non-natives- no History: In ancient times it was 6. Personal or family names from customary for children to be named at dreams and visions of the person or birth with a name relating to an animal an ancestor (e.g. Black elk): natives- or physical phenominon. Later males in yes; non-natives- no particular received names noting personal achievements, special Tribes/ Ethnic Groups: Names encounters, inspirations from dreams, or are expressed according to the following physical handicaps.
    [Show full text]
  • Seminole Tribe Water Rights Experience (Stephen Walker)
    Challenges & Opportunities The Seminole Tribe of Florida’s Water Rights Experience By: Stephen A. Walker The Seminole Tribe of Florida: A History of Success • The Seminole Tribe of Florida is federally recognized by Section 16 of the Indian Reorganization of 1934 (25 U.S.C.§476) • The Seminole Tribe is recognized by the State of Florida pursuant to Chapter 285, Florida Statutes • Significant non reservation holdings including – Seminole Coconut Creek Casino – Hard Rock Hotel Chains A Brief History of The Seminole Tribe • The Seminole Tribe of Florida – Descendants of the Creek people - historic nations referred to as Creek or Cherokee people • 1800’s ordered to move to Oklahoma – “Trail of Tears” • 3 Seminole wars fought resisting removal – Never surrendered • By 1860 most Seminoles relocated, but many remained in the Everglades Reservations: A New Frontier for the Seminole People • The Seminoles resisted life on the reservations based on their belief of land ownership • By 1935 some Seminoles requested land be set aside for reservations • This divided the Seminole people into those that ultimately took the offer of reservation lands and those that later became the Miccosukee Tribe of Indians of Florida The Origins of the Modern Day Seminole Tribe • In 1953 the United States Congress passed legislation terminating federal tribal programs • The Seminole Tribe successfully argued against termination but immediately moved forward with: – Tribal Constitution – Obtained self governance through a tribal council – Created the Seminole Tribe
    [Show full text]
  • A Brief History of the Seminole People in Florida (Courtesy of the Museum of Florida History)
    ACTIVITY 1: THE ENDURING SEMINOLES Indian village, Silver Springs, Florida, circa 1939 - Burgert Brothers photos - courtesy of Tampa-Hillsborough County Public Library System A Brief History of the Seminole People in Florida (Courtesy of the Museum of Florida History) The Seminole people have been an important the Second Seminole War resulted in the majority part of Florida history for more than 300 years. of Seminoles being removed to Indian Territory Their story of survival and success is remarkable, (present-day Oklahoma.) Less than 200 survivors and their unique culture endures today. retreated deep into the Everglades and the military ended its hunt for them. The ancestors of today’s Seminole people migrated to Florida in the 1700s and early 1800s. The Seminoles lived in virtual isolation in and These Indians came primarily from Alabama and around the Everglades for many years. They lived Georgia, and although they were simply known in open-sided structures called chickees, which as “Creeks” to the British, they spoke different were adapted to the swampy environment. languages and lived in independent towns. Different bands of Creeks established towns in north Florida and traded with both the British and Spanish. After 1765, all Florida Indians were referred to as “Seminoles.” The name comes from the Spanish word cimarrón which means “wild” or “runaway.” However, a more fitting interpretation may be “free.” The first half of the nineteenth century was Seminole Indian Chickee, Silver Springs, Florida, tumultuous for Florida’s Seminoles. The U.S. circa 1935 - Burgert Brothers photo, courtesy of the Tampa-Hillsborough County Public Library System.
    [Show full text]
  • 4312-52 DEPARTMENT of the INTERIOR National Park Service
    This document is scheduled to be published in the Federal Register on 12/16/2016 and available online at https://federalregister.gov/d/2016-30335, and on FDsys.gov 4312-52 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR National Park Service [NPS-WASO-NAGPRA-22537; PPWOCRADN0-PCU00RP14.R50000] Notice of Inventory Completion: Seminole Tribe of Florida, Clewiston, FL AGENCY: National Park Service, Interior. ACTION: Notice. SUMMARY: The Seminole Tribe of Florida has completed an inventory of human remains, in consultation with the appropriate Indian tribes or Native Hawaiian organizations, and has determined that there is a cultural affiliation between the human remains and present-day Indian tribes or Native Hawaiian organizations. Lineal descendants or representatives of any Indian tribe or Native Hawaiian organization not identified in this notice that wish to request transfer of control of these human remains should submit a written request to the Seminole Tribe of Florida. If no additional requestors come forward, transfer of control of the human remains to the lineal descendants, Indian tribes, or Native Hawaiian organizations stated in this notice may proceed. DATES: Lineal descendants or representatives of any Indian tribe or Native Hawaiian organization not identified in this notice that wish to request transfer of control of these human remains should submit a written request with information in support of the request to the Seminole Tribe of Florida at the address in this notice by [INSERT DATE 30 DAYS AFTER PUBLICATION IN THE FEDERAL REGISTER]. ADDRESSES: Dr. Paul Backhouse, Tribal Historic Preservation Office, Seminole Tribe of Florida, 30290 Josie Billie Highway, PMB 1004, Clewiston, FL 33440, telephone (863) 983-6549 Ext.
    [Show full text]
  • Tribal and House District Boundaries
    ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! Tribal Boundaries and Oklahoma House Boundaries ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! 22 ! 18 ! ! ! ! ! ! ! 13 ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! 20 ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! 7 ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! Cimarron ! ! ! ! 14 ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! 11 ! ! Texas ! ! Harper ! ! 4 ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! n ! ! Beaver ! ! ! ! Ottawa ! ! ! ! Kay 9 o ! Woods ! ! ! ! Grant t ! 61 ! ! ! ! ! Nowata ! ! ! ! ! 37 ! ! ! g ! ! ! ! 7 ! 2 ! ! ! ! Alfalfa ! n ! ! ! ! ! 10 ! ! 27 i ! ! ! ! ! Craig ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! h ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! 26 s ! ! Osage 25 ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! a ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! 6 ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! Tribes ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! 16 ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! W ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! 21 ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! 58 ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! 38 ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! Tribes by House District ! 11 ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! 1 Absentee Shawnee* ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! Woodward ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! 2 ! 36 ! Apache* ! ! ! 40 ! 17 ! ! ! 5 8 ! ! ! Rogers ! ! ! ! ! Garfield ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! 1 40 ! ! ! ! ! 3 Noble ! ! ! Caddo* ! ! Major ! ! Delaware ! ! ! ! ! 4 ! ! ! ! ! Mayes ! ! Pawnee ! ! ! 19 ! ! 2 41 ! ! ! ! ! 9 ! 4 ! 74 ! ! ! Cherokee ! ! ! ! ! ! ! Ellis ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! 41 ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! 72 ! ! ! ! ! 35 4 8 6 ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! 5 3 42 ! ! ! ! ! ! ! 77
    [Show full text]
  • Territorial Florida Castillo De San Marcos National Monument Second Seminole War, 1835-1842 St
    National Park Service U.S. Department of the Interior Territorial Florida Castillo de San Marcos National Monument Second Seminole War, 1835-1842 St. Augustine, Florida ( Seminole Indians, c. 1870 Southern Migration The original native inhabitants of Florida had all but disappeared by 1700. European diseases and the losses from nearly constant colonial warfare had reduced the population to a mere handful. Bands from various tribes in the southeastern United States pressured by colonial expansion began moving into the unoccupied lands in Florida. These primarily Creek tribes were called Cimarrones by the Spanish “strays” or “wanderers.” This is the probable origin of the name Seminole. Runaway slaves or “Maroons” also began making their way into Florida where they were regularly granted freedom by the Spanish. Many joined the Indian villages and integrated into the tribes. Early Conflict During the American Revolution the British, who controlled Florida from 1763 to 1784, recruited the Seminoles to raid rebel frontier settlements in Georgia. Both sides engaged in a pattern of border raiding and incursion which continued sporadically even after Florida returned to Spanish control after the war. Despite the formal treaties ending the war the Seminoles remained enemies of the new United States. Growing America At the beginning of the 19th century the rapidly growing American population was pushing onto the frontiers in search of new land. Many eyes turned southward to the Spanish borderlands of Florida and Texas. Several attempts at “filibustering,” private or semi-official efforts to forcibly take territory, occurred along the frontiers. The Patriot War of 1812 was one such failed American effort aimed at taking East Florida.
    [Show full text]
  • 11 Graduate from Ahfachkee
    Community center Preschool Coach Mary Huff leads opens in Big Cypress graduations OHS on playoff push COMMUNITY Y 3A EDUCATION Y2B SPORTS Y 1C Volume XLIII • Number 5 May 31, 2019 HRI Tribe honors its first Miss Indian World expands Chairman: Truly an historic occasion for the Seminole Tribe of Florida BY KEVIN JOHNSON hotel Senior Editor HOLLYWOOD — After proudly footprint representing the Seminole Tribe of Florida on her way to winning the Miss Indian World crown, Cheyenne Kippenberger received a in Spain hero’s welcome as the Tribe showed how proud it is of this rising star who is eager to BY DAMON SCOTT share with the rest of the Tribe and Indian Staff Reporter Country her remarkable story of triumph over doubts and struggles. Hundreds of people, including Next up: Hard Rock Hotel Madrid. .LSSHQEHUJHU¶VIDPLO\DQGHOHFWHGRI¿FLDOV Coming soon: Barcelona joins the party. ¿OOHGDEDQTXHWURRPDW6HPLQROH+DUG5RFN Hard Rock International keeps, well, Hotel & Casino Hollywood for a Sunday going international. It announced its third luncheon May 19 in Kippenberger’s honor. hotel development in Spain – Hard Rock Lavonne Rose – Kippenberger’s aunt Hotel Barcelona. The $223 million project is and the Tribe’s Secretary – emceed the two- expected to open in 2022. Construction is set hour ceremony. to begin later this year. “Not only did she represent Seminole 2I¿FLDOVVDLG+DUG5RFN%DUFHORQDZLOO women and the Tribe, but she inspired many be located on one of the last available seaside of us – from the little ones to the elders – plots in the city’s metro area. with her friendship, kindness and positive Once completed, it will include 504 attitude.
    [Show full text]
  • Researching Native Americans at the National Archives in Atlanta
    Researching Individual Native Americans at the National Archives at Atlanta National Archives at Atlanta 5780 Jonesboro Road Morrow, GA 30260 770-968-2100 www.archives.gov/southeast E-Mail: [email protected] Spring, 2009 Researching Individual Native Americans at the National Archives at Atlanta Table of Contents Introduction ............................................................................................................................................... 1 Tribal Association ............................................................................................................................ 1 Race .................................................................................................................................................. 2 Tribal Membership ........................................................................................................................... 2 Textual Records ............................................................................................................................... 2 Native American Genealogy ............................................................................................................ 3 Published Resources ......................................................................................................................... 3 Online Resources ............................................................................................................................. 4 Dawes Commission ..................................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Native American Contacts
    Updated February 2, 2016 List of Federally and State Recognized Native American Tribes and Other Contacts - State of Louisiana Federally Recognized Tribes Alabama Coushatta Tribe of Texas Caddo Nation Oscola Clayton Sylestine, Tamara Francis-Fourkiller, Chief Chairperson Ronnie Thomas, Chairman P.O. Box 487 www.alabama-coushatta.com Binger, OK 73009 Phone (405) 656-2344 *Bryant Celestine, Historic Fax (405) 656-2892 Preservation Officer [email protected] 571 State Park Rd. 56 www.caddonation-nsn.gov Livingston, TX 77351 Phone (936) 563-1181 Kim Penrod, Acting Fax (936) 563-1183 THPO Tribal AOI [email protected] Tribal AOI (405) 656-2344 [email protected] [email protected] Chitimacha Tribe of Louisiana Choctaw Nation of Oklahoma O'Neil J. Darden, Jr. Gary Batton, Chief Chairman P.O. Box 661 P.O. Drawer 1210 Charenton, LA 70523 Durant, OK 74702 Phone (337) 923-7215 Phone (800) 522-6170 Fax (337) 923-6848 www.choctawnation.com www.chitimacha.gov *Ian Thompson, THPO * Kimberly Walden, 580-924-8280, ext. 2216 Cultural Director/THPO [email protected] Phone (337) 923-9923 [email protected] Tribal AOI Tribal AOI Coushatta Tribe of Louisiana Jena Band of Choctaw Indians Lovelin Poncho, Chairman B. Cheryl Smith, Chief P.O. Box 818 P.O. Box 14 Elton, LA 70532 Jena, LA 71342-0014 Phone (337) 584-2261 Phone (318) 992-2717 Fax (337) 584-2998 Fax (318) 992-8244 www.coushattatribela.org [email protected] www.jenachoctaw.org * Dr. Linda Langley, THPO Heritage Department P.O. *Alina Shively, Deputy THPO Box 10 (318) 992-1205 Elton, LA 70352 [email protected] Phone (337) 584-1567 Tribal AOI Tribal AOI [email protected] Mississippi Band of Choctaw Indians Quapaw Tribe of Oklahoma Phyllis J.
    [Show full text]
  • Seminole Origins
    John and Mary Lou Missall A SHORT HISTORY OF THE SEMINOLE WARS SEMINOLE WARS FOUNDATION, INC. Founded 1992 Pamphlet Series Vol. I, No. 2 2006 Copyright © 2006 By John & Mary Lou Missall Series Editor: Frank Laumer Seminole Wars Foundation, Inc. 35247 Reynolds St. Dade City, FL 33523 www.seminolewars.us 2 Florida During the Second Seminole War 3 The Seminole Wars Florida’s three Seminole Wars were important events in American history that have often been neglected by those who tell the story of our nation’s past. These wars, which took place between the War of 1812 and the Civil War, were driven by many forces, ranging from the clash of global empires to the basic need to protect one’s home and family. They were part of the great American economic and territorial expansion of the nineteenth century, and were greatly influenced by the national debate over the issue of slavery. In particular, the Second Seminole War stands out as the nation’s longest, costli- est, and deadliest Indian war. Lasting almost seven years, the conflict cost thousands of lives and millions of dollars, yet faded from the nation’s collective memory soon after the fighting ended. It is a story that should not have been forgotten, a story that can teach us lessons that are still relevant today. It is in hopes of restoring a portion of that lost mem- ory that the Seminole Wars Foundation offers this short history of one of our nation’s longest wars. Seminole Origins The ancestors of the Seminole Indians were primarily Creek Indians from Georgia and Alabama who migrated to Florida during the 18th century after the decimation of the aboriginal natives under Spanish rule.
    [Show full text]
  • Muscogee (Creek) Nation in Support of Petitioner ______
    No. 18-9526 IN THE JIMCY MCGIRT, Petitioner, v. OKLAHOMA, Respondent. _____________ On Writ of Certiorari to the Oklahoma Court of Criminal Appeals _____________ BRIEF FOR AMICUS CURIAE MUSCOGEE (CREEK) NATION IN SUPPORT OF PETITIONER _____________ ROGER WILEY RIYAZ A. KANJI ATTORNEY GENERAL Counsel of Record KYLE HASKINS DAVID A. GIAMPETRONI FIRST ASSISTANT KANJI & KATZEN, PLLC ATTORNEY GENERAL 303 Detroit St., Ste 400 MUSCOGEE (CREEK) Ann Arbor, MI 48104 NATION (734) 769-5400 Post Office Box 580 [email protected] Okmulgee, OK 74447 (918) 295-9720 CORY J. ALBRIGHT PHILIP H. TINKER LYNSEY R. GAUDIOSO KANJI & KATZEN, PLLC 401 Second Ave. S., Ste 700 Seattle, WA 98104 (206) 344-8100 Counsel for Amicus Curiae Muscogee (Creek) Nation i TABLE OF CONTENTS Page TABLE OF AUTHORITIES ..................................... iii INTEREST OF AMICUS CURIAE ............................1 INTRODUCTION AND SUMMARY OF ARGUMENT ...............................................................1 ARGUMENT ...............................................................5 I. The United States and the Creek Nation Established a Reservation by Treaty. .............5 A. Text ........................................................5 B. Surrounding History .............................8 II. The Creek Allotment Act Preserved the Nation’s Reservation. ..................................... 11 A. Text ......................................................12 B. Surrounding History ........................... 16 C. Hitchcock and Buster ........................... 17 III.
    [Show full text]