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An Ex-Type Culture Cannot Always Tell the Ultimate Truth

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An Ex-Type Culture Cannot Always Tell the Ultimate Truth An ex-type culture cannot always tell the CORRESPONDENCE ultimate truth This note is prompted by the case of the isolates accurately matching the description Domsch KH, Gams W, Anderson T-H (1980) generic name Ochroconis, a rather common of this species. The dried type culture Compendium of Soil Fungi. London: Academic genus of saprotrophic soil hyphomycetes, still shows the correct fungus and DNA Press. some of which grow occasionally on sequences of the other isolates representing Ellis MB (1971) Dematiaceous Hyphomycetes. Kew: humans and fish. Von Arx, in the 1970s, this species can be taken as correct. Commonwealth Mycological Institute. being mainly interested in producing Unfortunate consequences arise when Ellis MB (1976) More Dematiaceous Hyphomycetes. keys to identify fungal genera in culture a wrongly identified fungus is designated Kew: Commonwealth Mycological Institute. morphologically, did not believe that as an epitype of a species, as happened with Gams W (1971) Cephalosporium-artige Scolecobasidium terreum E.V. Abbott 1927 Hypocrea farinosa Berk. & Broome 1851 Schimmelpilze (Hyphomycetes). Stuttgart: G. with Y-shaped yellowish conidia, and for which Overton et al. (2000) designated Fischer. other species of this genus with darker, an epitype without studying the extant Gräfenhan T, Schroers H-J, Nirenberg HI, Seifert unbranched conidia were congeneric, holotype. It was left to Jaklitschet al. (2008) KA (2011) An overview of the taxonomy, as proposed by Barron & Busch (1962). to correct the situation and to resurrect the phylogeny, and typification of nectriaceous Therefore, he let his young staff member G. generic name Protocrea Petch 1937 for this fungi in Cosmospora, Acremonium, Fusarium, Sybren de Hoog describe a separate genus, fungus and its relatives, while Overton et al.’s Stilbella, and Volutella. Studies in Mycology 68: Ochroconis, for the latter, larger group (de fungus is now known as Hypocrea decipiens 79-113. Hoog & von Arx 1974). In addition to Jaklitsch et al. 2008. Horré P, de Hoog GS, Kluczny C, Marklein mycologists who regarded the similar colony Sybren de Hoog, in order to retain the G, Schaal KP (1999) rDNA diversity and characters and rhexolytic conidial liberation generic name Ochroconis, let his student K. physiology of Ochroconis and Scolecobasidium of all species involved as significant (e.g. Ellis Samerpitak declare Scolecobasidium a dubious species reported from humans and other 1971, 1976, Domsch et al. 1980), molecular genus, because the identity of the type was vertebrates. Studies in Mycology 43: 194–204. findings (Horré et al. 1999, Machouart et uncertain to them (Samerpitak et al. 2014), Jaklitsch,WM, Põldmaa, K, Samuels, GJ (2008) al. 2014) have clearly shown this generic in spite of many reliably named cultures of Reconsideration of Protocrea (Hypocreales, separation to be unwarranted. In addition S. terreum being available all over the world, Hypocreaceae). Mycologia 100: 962–984. two faster-growing halophilic species, S. which clearly define the identity of this Machouart M, Samerpitak K, de Hoog GS, salinum and S. arenarium were included characteristic fungus. One of these cultures Gueidan C (2014) A multigene phylogeny in the genus by Ellis (1976), but they are discovered by Domsch et al. (1980) was the 539 reveals that Ochroconis belongs to the now rightly excluded again and classified in CBS 510.71 ex-type of Humicola minima family Sympoventuriaceae (Venturiales, 540 Paradendryphiella Woudenb. & Crous 2013 Fassat. 1967, whose author had not seen the Dothideomycetes). Fungal Diversity 65: 77–88. (Woudenberg et al. 2013). The probable ex- characteristic Y-shaped conidia that were Overton BE, Stewart EL, Geiser DM (2006) type culture of S. terreum, CBS 203.27, no formed on certain media by the original Taxonomy and phylogenetic relationships longer sporulates and phylogenetically falls culture. Without mentioning the source of of nine species of Hypocrea with anamorphs outside the genus. It no longer shows the this informtion, Samerpitak et al. (2014) assignable to Trichoderma section features that the ex-type would be expected made the combination Ochroconis minima Hypocreanum. Studies in Mycology 56: 39–65. to support, a misfortune that sometimes (Fassatiová) Samerp. & de Hoog 2014, Samerpitak K, van der Linde E, Choi H-J, Gerrits happens with a culture after decades of which would have to replace Scolecobasidium van den Ende AHG, Machouart M, Gueidan preservation. terreum. Needless to say, Ochroconis has not C, de Hoog GS (2013) [“2014”] Taxonomy Other comparable cases are Acremonium been recognized by Seifert et al. (2011). In of Ochroconis, genus including opportunistic domschii W. Gams 1971, a species originally the era of production of lists of fungal names pathogens on humans and animals. Fungal described as closely related to the anamorph for protection, the responsible committee Diversity 65: 89–126. of the species now named Cosmospora should not be misguided and recognize the Seifert KA, Morgan-Jones G, Gams W, Kendrick viridescens (C. Booth) Gräfenhan 2011 incorrect name for this genus. WB (2011) The Genera of Hyphomycetes. (Gräfenhan et al. 2011), but lacking green Utrecht: CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity pigmentation; the ex-type culture of Gams’ Thanks to David L. Hawksworth for helpful Centre. name, CBS 764.69, however, now shows suggestions. Woudenberg JHC, Groenewald JZ, Binder M, a fungus unrelated to Cosmospora and Crous PW (2013) Alternaria redefined. Studies therefore that species name was omitted in Barron GL, Busch LV (1962) Studies on the soil in Mycology 75: 171–212. the cited paper. Monocillium arctiicola W. hyphomycetes Scolecobasidium. Canadian Gams 1971 was described by Gams (1971) Journal of Botany 40: 77–84. Walter Gams as characterized by rather large conidia, but de Hoog GS, Arx JA von (1974) ["1973"] Revision ([email protected]) the ex-type culture, CBS 994.69, now has of Scolecobasidium and Pleurophragmium. narrow conidia and is unrelated to other Kavka 1: 55–60. VOLUME 6 · NO. 2 (69).
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