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Croatian Chamber1 of Civil Engineers CROATIA - NEW GATEWAY TO EUROPE Aleksej Dušek , B.Sc. Civ.Eng. Aleksej Dušek, B.Sc.Civ.Eng., Croatan Chamber of Civil Engineers PROGRAM ‘CROATIA - NEW GATEWAY TO EUROPE ’ On the basis of the Program development projects in Croatia, the Program “Croatia - New gateway to Europe” was created The program was introduced to the public in Opatija 2011 on Days of Chartered Engineers The Program concretized ideas from the Program development projects in Croatia Croatian2 Chamber Of Civil Engineers WHAT IS THE MAIN IDEA OF THE PROGRAM ‘CROATIA - NEW GATEWAY TO EUROPE ’ ? 3 Better positioning of port Rijeka on the map the major Mediterranean ports. Connecting Croatia with Central Europe and River Danube Region. Diversion of goods flows through the Danube waterway to Rijeka and vice versa. Directing the flow of goods from the port of Rijeka to Central Europe and to Balkans using a multimodal transportation. Croatian Chamber Of Civil Engineers WHICH PANEUROPEAN TRANSPORT CORRIDORS ARE PASSING THROUGH CROATIA? Corridor X Bregana ( Slovenia ) - Zagreb - border of Serbia Corridor Vb border of Hungary - Zagreb -Rijeka Corridor Vc border of Hungary -Osijek-Sarajevo -Mostar-Ploče Croatian4 Chamber Of Civil Engineers ON WHICH EUROPEAN AREA DOES THE CROATIAN POSITION HAVE AN IMPACT ? The impact zone covers almost whole eastern and southern Europe, Italy, Austria and southern Germany. 14 European countries are within the radius of 1000 km outside Croatia >200 million people live in these 14 countries Croatian5 Chamber Of Civil Engineers WHAT ARE THE ADVANTAGES OF THE CROATIAN POSITION IN EUROPEAN AREA? Croatia represents the Crossroads of east-west and north – south direction Adriatic Sea cuts deep into the Continent The sea depth near Rijeka is over 20 m, which enables the arrival of the biggest ships Croatian6 Chamber Of Civil Engineers HOW TO TAKE THE ADVANTAGE OF CROATIAN GEOGRAPHIC POSITION? Distances: Suez Canal - Port of Rijeka: 1260 nautical miles Suez Canal- Ports North Sea: 3375 nautical miles Travel to the Adriatic port are shorter than 6 days than to the North Sea ports Hamburg and Rotterdam Croatian7 Chamber Of Civil Engineers WHAT IS THE DISTANCE BETWEEN THE PORT OF RIJEKA AND SOME CENTRAL EUROPEAN CITIES ? CITY LAND DISTANCE ROUTE (km) BY RAILWAY (km) Zagreb 145 228 Budapest 504 592 Bratislava 550 686 Vienna 490 572 Prague 810 844 Belgrade 569 669 Sarajevo 456 490 Croatian8 Chamber Of Civil Engineers HOW TO TAKE THE ADVANTAGE OF CROATIAN GEOGRAPHIC POSITION ? Annual pass through the Suez Canal: 800 million tons of cargo. Annual entrance of cargo in the Adriatic ports (Rijeka, Kopar, Trst, Venis): only 40 million tons. In the port of Rijeka there are only 25% load although it has the best maritime capabilities. Croatian9 Chamber Of Civil Engineers HOW TO TAKE THE ADVANTAGE OF THESE BENEFITS, OR WHAT TO DO? Build intermodal infrastructure network which consists of: PORTS RAILWAYS HIGHWAYS WATERWAYS TERMINALS BUSINESS AND INDUSTRIAL ZONES Croatian10 Chamber Of Civil Engineers WHY PORT OF RIJEKA HAS ONLY 1% OF THE CARGO THAT PASSES THROUGH THE SUEZ CANAL? Poor infrastructure connections with Europe, particularly railway. Space limitations in the development of the port of Rijeka. Croatian11 Chamber Of Civil Engineers WHAT IS THE SITUATION ON THE EXISTING INFRASTRUCTURES? Port of Rijeka has limited capacity The railway line Rijeka - Karlovac was built in 1873 and has limited capacity The railway Corridor X is not suitable for higher speeds , reconstruction is necessary Port of Vukovar has small capacity The Sava River is navigable only to Sisak for limited ships The motorway network is mainly built Croatian12 Chamber Of Civil Engineers WHAT DOES THE PROGRAM ‘CROATIA - NEW GATEWAY TO EUROPE’ CONTAIN? Ports , Chanals, Rivers Construction of the new port of: Vukovar Rijeka on the island Krk including a new bridge to the island Krk Belišće and Donji Miholjac on the Drava river Slavonski Brod on the Sava River Karlovac Upgrade: port of Osijek port of Sisak on the Sava river Construction of the chanal Danube – Sava Control and regulation of: the Sava River from Sisak to the Serbian border the Kupa river for navigation between Sisak and Karlovac Croatian13 Chamber Of Civil Engineers WHAT DOES THE PROGRAM ‘CROATIA - NEW GATEWAY TO EUROPE’ CONTAIN? Railway, motorway, tereminals: Construction of: the new railway line Zagreb – Rijeka the railway node Zagreb and Rijeka (including a tunnel through Učka and connecting Istria and Trieste with new railway line) a new motorway bypass around Zagreb Reconstruction and upgrade of: the railway line Vinkovci – Vukovar the railway line on corridor Vb Zagreb – Botovo the railway line on Corridor X from Zagreb to Vinkovci Construction of multi-modal transportation terminals. Croatian14 Chamber Of Civil Engineers WHICH PROJECTS ARE THE MOST IMPORTANT ? Building new ports on Krk and Vukovar Construction of a new railway line Rijeka-Zagreb- Botovo Reconstruction of the railway in the Corridor X Construction of new highway bypass around Zagreb Construction the waterway Danube – Sava Edit the Sava River as waterway to Sisak Construction of the new terminal in Rijeka, Zagreb, Vukovar Croatian15 Chamber Of Civil Engineers THE NEW PORT OF RIJEKA ON THE ISLAND OF KRK The port of Rijeka is the most significent port in Croatia Present port located in the very centre of Rijeka has an area of 90 hecstares New port on island Krk has an area 750 - 1000 ha Depth of sea in new port is over 20 m with the possibility to receive ships with more then 15000 containers Capacity in new port on Krk is 50-70 million tons per year including, general cargo, containers, liquid cargo and LNG Croatian16 Chamber Of Civil Engineers NEW PORT VUKOVAR New Vukovar port is located on the 9th km of new Danube-Sava canal New Port of Vukovar has an area 750 ha Capacity of new port is 8 million tons per year Business Industrial Zone along with the port area is 1000 ha Croatian17 Chamber Of Civil Engineers RAILWAY LINE RIJEKA - ZAGREB In the railway projects the most important project is construction of new high speed railway from Rijeka to Zagreb on coridor Vb Capacity of the new railway line is more than 50 million tons. The length of new railway line is 157 km Design speed is 200 km/h Sixty percent of the railway route is the valley characteristics and forty percent of the route is mountainous characteristics Total length of tunnels cca 50 km Croatian18 Chamber Of Civil Engineers OTHER RAILWAYS PROJECTS Construction of a double track railway line from Krasica over the new bridge to Port on Krk Construction of a double track railway line from Krasica to Matulji Construction of a double track railway tunnel through Učka to establish a link between Matulji and Lupoglav in Istria Railway line on the Corridor X from Zagreb to Tovarnik and on the Corridor Vb from Zagreb to Botovo must be reconstracted and modernized, the second track should be built where lacking, and measures should be taken to enable train speeds of up to 160 km/hour Zagreb railway bypass Croatian19 Chamber Of Civil Engineers MOTORWAYS PROJECTS In corridor Rijeka – Vukovar motorway construction is largely completed What we should build is a new bypass around Zagreb and complete the construction of the motorway on Corridor Vc Croatian20 Chamber Of Civil Engineers NAVIGABLE WATERWAYS The construction of the Danube – Sava Canal from Vukovar to Slavonski Šamac will be of crucial significance for the development of transport along inland waterways in the Republic of Croatia The Danube – Sava Canal, as a part of the seventh corridor (Danube corridor), enables integration of Croatian navigable waterways, and shortens the link between the Rhine-Main- Danube Trans-European waterway and the sea for about 300 kilometres, using services of Croatian sea ports of Rijeka and Ploče In addition to navigation along the described route, this development would also provide possibilities for surface drainage on over 200,000 hectares. Croatian21 Chamber Of Civil Engineers MULTIMODAL TRANSPORT TERMINALS To make the transport system more efficient it is necessary to build a network of terminals and industrial zones The c onstruction of commercial industrial zones on the island Krk, zone Kukuljanovo and Miklavje in Rijeka and zone in Zagreb and Vukovar is planned Croatian22 Chamber Of Civil Engineers THE PROGRAM REALIZATION 23 This is certainly the most important economic STRATEGIC project in Croatia Priority is given to projects that provide unity of the transport system Dynamics of building structures must be designed to ensure that every object or a functional part is immediately used Projects must have a stimulating and interactive effects on other investments Financing with as small a share of the state - the PPP and concessions. Croatian Chamber Of Civil Engineers CONSTRUCTION STAGES 24 First stage of construction Second stage of construction The new port on the island New motorway bypass Krk around Zagreb The railway Botovo- Zagreb -Rijeka (Krasica) The railway Krasica - Railway line Novska- Rijeka Bypass- Lupoglav Vinkovci- Tovarnik (Trieste) Zagreb railway junction Canal Danube-Sava The railway Krasica – port Regulation Sava River Krk Multipurpose bridge Krk New Port of Vukovar Irrigation of 200 000 ha Croatian Chamber Of Civil Engineers COST OF THE PROGRAM 25 Estimated construction costs are: StageI 7.000.000.000 € Stage II 4.700.000.000 € Total 11. 700 .000.000
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  • An Analysis of the Latest Trends of the Complex Development of the Croatian-Hungarian Border Area

    An Analysis of the Latest Trends of the Complex Development of the Croatian-Hungarian Border Area

    DOI: 10.15201/hungeobull.65.1.4Čelan, T.J. Hungarian Hungarian Geographical Geographical Bulletin Bulletin 65 (2016) 65 (1)2016 43–56. (1) 43–56.43 An analysis of the latest trends of the complex development of the Croatian-Hungarian border area Tvrtko Josip ČELAN1 Abstract This paper analyses the geographical feature of the Croatian-Hungarian cross-border area, focusing on recent changes and socio-economic trends of the last decade. In the paper current demographic, cross-border traffi c and mobility trends are examined. Special att ention is devoted to the spatial structure of the area and its key demographic indicators, modifi ed during the last intercensal period between 2001 and 2011. Demographic data are analysed on the level of NUTS III units, as they provide the statistical basis for planning and they are designated as co-operation units in the joint bilateral cross-border operational programme fi nanced by the EU. The transition that has taken place in the last years is observed in relation to the Croatian accession to the EU and to the full membership achieved in 2013. The Croatian-Hungarian cross-border co-operation has been intensifi ed since 2007. More EU funds became available than before, which brought about the possibility for stronger cohesion in the area and, accordingly, it has triggered territorial transformations. The main goal of this research is to defi ne whether changes having taken place in the border region since 2007 created a genuine transborder region. The assumption is that current development trends, although the most intensive in the last 100 years, are still not suffi cient enough to mitigate the huge geographical handicap, the transport and language barriers and in general the strong periphery status of the border area in comparison to the capital cities Zagreb and Budapest.