46543-002: Central Asia Regional Economic Cooperation Corridors 3

Initial Environmental Examination

Project No.:46543-002 May 2018

TAJ: CAREC Corridors 3 and 5 Enhancement Project Kangurt-Boljuvon-Khovaling Road

Prepared by: SMEC International Pty Ltd for Project Implementation Unit Road Rehabilitation

This initial environmental examination is a document of the borrower. The views expressed herein do not necessarily represent those of ADB's Board of Directors, Management, or staff, and may be preliminary in nature. Your attention is directed to the “terms of use” section of this website. In preparing any country program or strategy, financing any project, or by making any designation of or reference to a particular territory or geographic area in this document, the Asian Development Bank does not intend to make any judgments as to the legal or other status of any territory or area. CAREC Corridors 3 and 5 Enhancement Project: Contract for Engineering, Works Supervision and Project Management Services Grant 0356-TAJ ______

Initial Environmental Examination

Republic of Tajikistan: CAREC Corridors 3 and 5

Enhancement Project

Road Kangurt to Baljuvan and Baljuvan to intersection Vose-Khovaling Road Reconstruction

May, 2018

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TABLE OF CONTENT EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ...... 1 1. Introduction...... 1 2. Description of the Project ...... 1 3. Overview of the Receiving Environment ...... 2 4. Scoping ...... 2 5. Impact Assessment Process and Results ...... 3 6. Implementation ...... 4 7. Monitoring Actions ...... 4 8. Conclusion...... 4 I. INTRODUCTION ...... 6 1. Preamble ...... 6 2. Need for an Impact Assessment and Screening ...... 6 3. Structure of the Report ...... 7 4. Project Proponent ...... 8 II. LEGAL, POLICY AND ADMINISTRATIVE FRAMEWORK ...... 9 1. General ...... 9 2. Country Policies and Administrative Framework ...... 9 3. International legal instruments ...... 10 Framework environment law ...... 11 4. Legal Framework for Environmental Assessment (EA) and Permitting ...... 12 4.1 Basic EA Laws...... 12 4.2 Public Participation ...... 14 4.3 Licenses ...... 14 4.4 Environmental Permits...... 15 4.5 State Environmental Program 2009-2019 ...... 15 4.6 Implementation and compliance ...... 15 5. Environmental norms and standards ...... 16 6. Noise, Water and Air Quality Standards ...... 18 7. ADB Safeguards ...... 28 III. SCOPE OF ASSESSMENT ...... 29 1. Preamble ...... 29 2. Physical Scope ...... 29 3. Spatial Scope ...... 29 4. Temporal Scope ...... 29

5. Technical Scope ...... 29 5.1 Agriculture ...... 29 5.2 Air Quality ...... 30 5.3 Archaeology and Cultural Heritage ...... 30 5.4 Biodiversity and Ecosystem Functioning ...... 31 5.5 Community ...... 31 5.6 Contamination ...... 32 5.7 Landscape and Visual ...... 33 5.8 Material Resources ...... 33 5.9 Noise and Vibration ...... 33 5.10 Soils ...... 39 5.11 Traffic and Transport ...... 39 5.12 Water Resources ...... 39 5.13 Waste Management ...... 40 5.14 Scope Summary ...... 40 IV. DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT ...... 42 1. Preamble ...... 42 2. Project Location ...... 42 3. General Site Description ...... 43 4. Land Use along Route Alignment ...... 45 5. Topography ...... 48 6. Climate ...... 49 7. Land Use ...... 51 8. Soils ...... 51 9. Hydrology ...... 51 10. Seismology ...... 54 11. Biodiversity and Ecosystem Functioning ...... 55 12. Historical and Archeological Areas of Significance ...... 57 13. Economic Development ...... 57 13.1 Demography ...... 57 13.2 Industries ...... 58 13.3 Agriculture ...... 58 14 Existing Traffic Flows ...... 58 V. DESCRIPTION OF THE PROJECT ...... 60 1. Preamble ...... 60

2. Need for the Project ...... 60 3. Future Traffic Flows ...... 62 4. Summary of Key Construction Tasks to be Undertaken ...... 62 5. Bridges ...... 67 6. Earthworks ...... 70 7. Retaining Structures ...... 70 8. Permanent Ancillary Features ...... 70 9. Source of Materials ...... 70 9.1 Quarries & Borrow Pits ...... 70 9.2 Asphalt Plants ...... 70 9.3 Water ...... 70 9.4 Construction Camps ...... 71 9.5 Storage Areas ...... 71 10 Road Safety ...... 71 11. Operational Parameters ...... 72 12. Alternatives ...... 72 12.1 Route Options ...... 72 12.2 Do Nothing Option ...... 72 12.2 Do Minimum Option ...... 72 12.3Selected Option ...... 72 VI. IMPACT ASSESSMENT, MITIGATION AND MONITORING ...... 73 1. Preamble ...... 73 2. Process of determining effects...... 73 3. Identifying Receptors ...... 75 3.1 Valued Environmental Receptors ...... 75 4. Characterising Impacts ...... 76 5. Mitigation ...... 80 5.1 Hierarchy of Mitigation ...... 80 6. Results of the Assessment Process...... 81 7. Additional Impact Assessment Requirements ...... 100 VII. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLANS AND INSTITUTIONAL REQUIREMENTS ... 101 1. Environmental Management Plan ...... 101 2 Environmental Monitoring Program ...... 106 3. Estimated Budget for EMP Implementation ...... 109

VIII. PUBLIC CONSULTATION, INFORMATION DISCLOSURE & GRIEVANCE MECHANISM ...... 111 1 Public Consultations ...... 111 1.2 Consultations with Local Officials ...... 112 2. Consultations with local community and local Government representatives ...... 112 3. Grievance Mechanism ...... 113 3.1 Grievance mechanism ...... 113 IX. CONCLUSIONS ...... 115 APPENDIX- A: HYDROLOGY REPORT FOR BRIDGES ...... 1 APPENDIX- B Forest Agency Letter ...... 25 APPENDIX- C: AQUATIC BIOLOGY REPORT ...... 27 APPENDIX-D: ENVIRONMENTAL SETTING ...... 32 APPENDIX- E: MINUTES OF THE PUBLIC CONSULTATIONS MEETING WITH ATTENDANCE SHEET ...... 35

TABLES Table 1 National standards and regulations applicable to the Project ...... 17 Table 2 Drinking Water General Analysis Content and Limits ...... 19 Table 3 Environmental Standards for Water Quality and Discharges to Water ...... 21 Table 4 Air Quality Standards ...... 22 Table 5: Relevant Noise Standards ...... 25 Table 6 Sensitive Receptors along Road Alignment ...... 35 Table 7: Screening Noise Calculations based on CRTN (UK) ...... 38 Table 8: Summary of Impact Assessment Scope ...... 40 Table 9: Local Settlement Populations ...... 57 Table 10: October 2017 Traffic Count Dates ...... 58 Table 11: Summary of October 2017 Traffic Counts ...... 59 Table 12: The basic parameters of the road cross section...... 60 Table 13 Key Task – Road Bed and Surface Rehabilitation Activities ...... 63 Table 14 Key Task – Bridge Rehabilitation – Concrete Bridges ...... 64 Table 15 Key Task – Bridge Rehabilitation – Metal Bridges ...... 65 Table 16 Key Task – Culvert Rehabilitation and Geotechnical Structures ...... 66 Table 17 Key Task – Road Drainage ...... 66 Table 18 Summary of Bridge Parameters ...... 67 Table 19 Value and Sensitivity of Receptors used in the impact assessment ...... 75 Table 20 Classification of Extent of Impact and Assigned Scores ...... 76 Table 21 Classification of Duration of Impact and Assigned Scores ...... 77 Table 22 Classification of Frequency of Impact and Assigned Scores ...... 78 Table 23 Criteria for Magnitude of Impacts used in the impact assessment ...... 79 Table 24 Matrix for Determining the Significance of Environmental Impacts ...... 80 Table 25 Table of Valued Environmental Receptors ...... 81

Table 26 Summary of Impacts by Environmental Aspect Prior to Mitigation ...... 82 Table 27 Summary of Significance Before and After Mitigation ...... 83 Table 28 Assessment of Impacts for Archaeology – Construction Phase ...... 84 Table 29 Assessment of Impacts for Agriculture – Construction Phase ...... 84 Table 30 Assessment of Impacts for Air Quality – Construction Phase ...... 85 Table 31 Assessment of Impacts for Community Safety – Construction Phase ...... 86 Table 32 Assessment of Impacts for Waste Management – Construction Phase ...... 90 Table 33 Assessment of Impacts for Water Resources – Construction Phase ...... 92 Table 34 Assessment of Impacts for Noise and Vibration – Construction Phase ...... 93 Table 35 Assessment of Impacts for Socio-economics – Construction Phase ...... 94 Table 36 Assessment of Impacts for Soil and Ground Water – Construction Phase ...... 95 Table 37 Assessment of Impacts for Biodiversity – Construction Phase ...... 96 Table 38 Assessment of Impacts for Socio-economics - Operation ...... 97 Table 39 Assessment of Impacts for Community Safety - Operation ...... 98 Table 40 Assessment of Impacts for Noise - Operation...... 99 Table 41 Assessment of Impacts for Water Resources - Operation ...... 99 Table 42 List of Approved Mitigation Measures - Design ...... 101 Table 43 List of Approved Mitigation Measures - Construction ...... 102 Table 44 List of Approved Mitigation Measures - Operations ...... 105 Table 45 Preliminary List of Monitoring Requirements ...... 107 Table 46 Environmental and Social Monitoring, Mitigation and Training Cost ...... 109 Table 47 Table of meetings with local officials ...... 112

FIGURES Figure 1 Partial Copy of Noise Assessment Screening Flow Chart from UK DMRB ...... 34 Figure 2 View of Receptors and Height Variation ...... 37 Figure 3: Project Context within Tajikistan...... 42 Figure 4: Project area ...... 43 Figure 5: Views of River Crossing Locations ...... 44 Figure 6 Areas of Urbanisation Along the Route Alignment ...... 45 Figure 7: Location of Bridges 1 - 3 ...... 46 Figure 8: Typical Views of Structures in Kangurt ...... 47 Figure 9: Location of Bridges 4, 5 and 6 ...... 48 Figure 10: Topographical Map of Tajikistan ...... 49 Figure 11: Route Alignment Profile ...... 49 Figure 12: Maximum, Mean and Minimum Temperatures at Dangara 2009 – 2018 ...... 50 Figure 13: Rainfall Amount and Days – Dangara 2014 to 2017 ...... 51 Figure 14: River Basins of Tajikistan ...... 52 Figure 15: Water sources of project area ...... 53 Figure 16: Groundwater level in Project Area ...... 54 Figure 17: Seismic Map of Project Area ...... 55 Figure 18: October Traffic Counts ...... 59 Figure 19: Images of Road Condition ...... 61 Figure 20 Images of Bridges 1 - 3 ...... 68 Figure 21 Images of Bridges 4 - 6 ...... 69 Figure 22 Source Pathway Receptor Model as used in EIA ...... 74 Figure 23 Hierarchy of Mitigation ...... 81 Figure 24 Meeting in Kangurt Section ...... 113 Figure 25: Schematic Presentation of the Grievance Redress Mechanism ...... 114

ABBREVIATIONS

ADB - Asian Development Bank AH - Asian Highway Standard AIDS - Acquired immune deficiency syndrome CAREC - Central Asia Regional Economic Cooperation CEP - Committee for Environmental Protection under the Government of Tajikistan CRTN - Calculation of Road Traffic Noise DMRB - Deign Manual for Roads and Bridges EA - Executive Agency EMP - Environmental Management Plan GDP - Gross Domestic Product GoT - Government of Tajikistan HIV - Human Immune Deficiency Virus IEE - Initial Environmental Examination KMm - Kilometer LAR - Land Acquisition and Resettlement LARP - Land Acquisition and Resettlement Plan asl - above sea level MoT - Ministry of Transport PIU - Project Implementation Unit RoW - Right-of-Way RT - Republic of Tajikistan SPS - Safeguard Policy Statement SSEMP - Site Specific Environmental Management Plan TA - Technical Assistance ToR - Terms of Reference UNFCCC - United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change USD United States Dollar VER - Valued Environmental Receptor

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 1. Introduction 1. An impact assessment process has been conducted for the proposed rehabilitation of 43 km of rural road in the Khatlon Region of Taikistan. The current road is in a poor state of repair, with wearing course absent or deeply rutted, and in some locations water erosion has removed the road bed in its entirety. The road runs from Kangurt, through Baljuvon and ends at the intersection with the Vose-Khovaling Road, which itself was recently rehabilitated. 2. The road connects local communities with each other and to the wider region. The poor condition of the road makes journey times longer, causes undue wear and tear on vehicles and increases risk of traffic accidents due to the unsuitable surfaces and vehicles driving on the wrong side of the road, 3. The objectives of the Kangurt to Baljuvan and Baljuvan to intersection Vose-Khovaling Road rehabilitation are to assist the socioeconomic development of the Baljuvon District by improving transport infrastructure in the region. The project is expected to increase trading and associated commercial activities, tourism opportunity, promote animal rearing, enhance in agricultural productivity, develop human capital, and reduce poverty. It is designed to benefit isolated beneficiary communities by improving their access to markets, social services, and health facilities, and by expanding their livelihoods to cover off-farm jobs including provision of transport services and road maintenance. 4. Part financing of the road is through an existing grant from the Asian Development Bank. Money has become available through savings on other road projects and the Ministry of Transport has determined that best value for the remaining grant can be achieved through the rehabilitation of the KanРurt to KСovalinР InterseМtion roaН. In aММorНanМe аitС ADψ‘s Environmental Safeguard Policy, it is necessary to conduct an impact assessment of the project proposals as part oП ADψ‘s approval proМess Пor ПinanМial spenН. 5. A screening process for the project determined that it fell within Category B for the purposed of impact assessment, in accordance with ADB categorization. This means that an appropriately scoped impact assessment was required and presented as an Initial Environmental Examination (IEE) Report. 6. This current document is the IEE Report for the Project. It has been produced by the Project Implementation Unit of the Tajikistan Ministry of Transport and their consultants, SMEC. The report is submitted to ADB for approval.

2. Description of the Project 7. The project entails complete rehabilitation of the existing road bed and wearing courses. The rehabilitation will not entail widening of the road, except in some minor locations where road curvature is being eased by minor realignment. The project remains within the existing Right of Way and no new land take is required. 8. The project proposal includes the rehabilitation of six bridges which cross water courses. No new bridges will be developed. A new raised embanked road bed will be developed within the flood plain to the east of Baljuvon where the old road has been completely lost to water erosion. Scour protection within the flood plain and at bridge abutments will be developed. The

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project has developed a comprehensive hydrological study to aid design of these structures and ensure the project does not cause upstream flooding by blocking the water courses during river spate conditions. 9. The existing, and the new road, consists of two lanes only and is a Category IV road in accordance with Tajikistan Standards for Highways.

3. Overview of the Receiving Environment 10. The road alignment runs through predominantly agricultural land, with much of this being arable land, with some permanent pasture and woody scrub in the higher elevations, with small areas of fruit orchards present. 11. The land within the project area is fertile and receives good regular rainfall with high humidity. It has been the focus of agricultural activity for thousands of years. This means that ecologically the project area has limited value with no evidence of natural habitat present. 12. The road verge itself is mainly grass sward with some encroaching woody species in the form of thorn bushes (Crataegus) and wild almond and fruit trees. 13. The landscape is rolling, and in some locations deeply incised and the original route has cut through small hills creating deep cuts. 14. No evidence of archaeological resources was recorded within the vicinity of the road. It is likely that regular tilling of the soils has eradicated any trace of former use. 15. Along the route there are a number of settlements, although a feature of the area is for villages to be set off from the road, thus reducing the number of potential environmental receptors along the route. Very few sensitive receptors are present, with no schools near to the road and a mosque at some 50 m from the road behind other screening buildings. 16. Current traffic movements on the route are light, at approximately 500 movements per day along the entire route. Approximately 6% of the movements are heavy vehicles. Through movements of heavy vehicles are restricted as one of the bridges in the Baljuvon flood plain is both weight and width limited, the latter at 5 m. 17. A significant feature of the project is water resources, both in the form of spring lines, some of which are used as water supply for local residents, and the three rivers.

4. Scoping 18. A scoping study was conducted for the project and the below table provides a summary of the impact assessment scope. Summary of Scope Topic Construction Operations Agriculture Y N Air Quality Y – Particulate Matter N Emissions Archaeology N N Biodiversity Y N ______IEE of Kangurt - Baljuvon - Khovaling Road Rehabilitation, May 2018 Page 2

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Topic Construction Operations Community Y N Contamination Y N Landscape and Visual N N Material Resources N N Noise and Vibration N N Soils Y N Traffic and Transport Y N Water Resources Y – water quality only N Waste Management Y N

19. A detailed screening of potential operational noise impacts and the need for predictive moНellinР аas МonНuМteН. TСis аas baseН on tСe UniteН KinРНom‘s HiРСаaвs AРenМв, Design Manual for Roads and Bridges (DMRB). The outcome of this based on future predicted annual increases in traffic movements of 3% was a study was not required. 20. It is also noted that while the rehabilitation will improve access for local residents it is not anticipated to induce traffic from outside the area. The 3% increase is based on natural growth and comes from a World Bank study where they predict a 3% increase in Gross Domestic Product with a concomitant increase in road traffic of the same percentage.

5. Impact Assessment Process and Results 21. Following scoping of the study, Valued Environmental Receptors (VERs) to be included in the assessment process were identified. In total 20 VER;s were considered in the impact assessment process. 22. Based on a review of the projects activities during construction and the operational phase, tСe potential impaМts on tСese VER‘s аas assesseН. ImpaМts аere iНentiПieН anН usinР a Пormal scoring system, impact severity was determined. The magnitude of the severity and the consequence of the impact on the VER was determined using a two-dimensional matrix. 23. Impact significance was determined without mitigation in place and reassessed based on one or more mitigation measures being implemented to reduce the severity of the significant effect. 24. In total 29 environmental effects acting on the VER;s were identified. Of these 24 were considered significant without mitigation. Mitigation measures which are commensurate with the environmental effect have been developed and set out in the IEE as project commitments. Providing all mitigation is fully implanted there remains only four residual significant effects or risks. Two of these are positive benefits of the road, related to improved access and safety for local road users. Two residual significant residual and adverse effects were identified. These are better expressed as risks and occur during the operational phase of the project and a focus on ensuring implementation of the mitigation measure will effectively control the risk. Both are at a low level of significance, one relates to the risk of night time noise causing sleep disturbance if speed limits in settlement areas are not effectively enforced. The second relates to diffuse and point source contamination of local water courses from road storm water runoff. Again, effective maintenance of installed drains and settlement pits will manage this risk.

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6. Implementation 25. The IEE, its mitigation and monitoring programs, contained herewith shall be included within the Project Bidding documents for project works. The Bid documents state that the Contractor shall be responsible for the implementation of the requirements of the EMP through his own Site Specific Environmental Management Plan which will adopt all of the conditions of the EMP and add site specific elements that are not currently known, such as the Contractors final list of borrow pit locations. This ensures that all potential bidders are aware of the environmental requirements of the Project and its associated environmental costs. 26. The EMP and all its requirements will then be added to the Contractors Contract, thereby making implementation of the EMP a legal requirement according to the Contract. He shall then prepare his SSEMP which will be approved and monitored by the Engineer. Should the Engineer note any non-conformance with the SSEMP the Contractor can be held liable for breach of the contractual obligations of the EMP. To ensure compliance with the SSEMP the Contractor should employ a national environmental specialist to monitor and report Project activities throughout the Project Construction phase. 27. The EMP, its mitigation and monitoring programs, contained herewith shall be included within the Bidding documents for project works for the proposed road rehabilitation project.

7. Monitoring Actions 28. To ensure that all of the above mitigation actions are completed according to the requirements of the EMP, monitoring shall be undertaken of Project works by the Engineer and by independent monitoring specialists. Specifically, both observational monitoring and instrumental monitoring shall be undertaken on the Road: • Instrumental Monitoring – This shall be completed by independent specialists and will include air quality monitoring and water quality monitoring at the pre-construction and construction phases and noise quality monitoring at the construction phase. Schedules, parameters, locations are indicated by the IEE EMP and shall be adopted by the Contractors SSEMP. • Observational Monitoring – The Contractors actions shall be continually monitored by the Engineer throughout the Projects Construction phase. This will be achieved through weekly inspections of the Contractors environmental performance by national and international environmental specialists engaged by the Engineer throughout the construction period. The Engineer shall have the right to suspend works or payments if the Contractor is in violation of any of his obligations under the EMP and this IEE.

8. Conclusion 29. The impact assessment process reported in this IEE Report indicates that the road rehabilitation project, with proper controls during the implementation period will not have significantly adverse environmental effects.

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30. This conclusion is based on all committed mitigation being fully implemented, the development of effective SSEMPs and auditing of the work to ensure good environmental performance and adherence to the EMP requirements. 31. The project may be subject to further assessment once the details of numbers, type and locations of construction facilities are known, such as contractors camps, borrow pits and waste disposal sites.

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I. INTRODUCTION

1. Preamble

1. The Tajikistan Government is in receipt of a 70 million USD grant from the Asian Development Bank (ADB) for rehabilitation of rural roads within the country. As part of the program of rehabilitation, Grant No 0356 Taj, has achieved a saving over the predicted costs for allocated routes. This saving, plus a direct contribution from the Tajikistan Government is being used to provide rehabilitation of a 43 km section of road within the Khatlon Region of the country (see Figure 1). The project is for rehabilitation of a two-lane rural road which runs from the town of Kangurt in a mainly eastwards direction, passing through Buljuvon, to the junction with the recently upgraded Kovaling Road.

2. In aММorНanМe аitС tСe requirements oП ADψ‘s Environmental SaПeРuarНs relating to loans and grants, an impact assessment process has been conducted for the project. The results of the impact assessment process are presented in this document.

3. The Government of Tajikistan, through the Ministry of Transport submits this impact assessment to ADB for approval.

4. The project has been classed as a Category B project for the purposes of impact assessment, requiring that the impact assessment be presented in the form of an Initial Environmental Examination (IEE) report. See Section 1.2 for additional information on the Impact Assessment screening.

2. Need for an Impact Assessment and Screening

5. The project consists of a 43 km road rehabilitation in a rural setting. The need for an impact assessment process is driven by National law and ADB policy. The national requirement Пor environmental impaМt assessment is ensСrineН аitСin Tajikistan‘s ―δaа on Environment ProteМtion‖ (қ0ҚҚ) anН tСe ―δaа on EМoloРiМal Eбpertise‖ (қ0ҚҚ).

6. In addition, ADB in 2009 established its Safeguard Policy Statements, which include Environmental Safeguards (Asian Development Bank, 2009). Included within the ADB Environmental Safeguards is a need to screen projects based on their risk of significantly affecting environmental receptors and causing long term harm.

7. The ADB processes utilizes three categories for determination of the projects impact assessment requirements. Three main categories are utilized, these being Category A, B or C. Category C is for projects which are considered to present no direct risk to environmental receptors. The definitions of Category A and B projects are set out below:

A project is defined as Category A – … iП it is likelв to Сave siРniПiМant aНverse environmental impacts that are irreversible, diverse or unprecedented. These impacts may affect an area larger than the sites or facilities subject to physical works.

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A project is defined as Category B - … iП its potential aНverse environmental impaМts are less adverse than those of Category A projects. These impacts are site-specific, few if any of them are irreversible and in most cases mitigation measures can be designed more readily than for Category A Projects.

8. The current project was reviewed for potential adverse impacts in order to determine the ADB Project Category for Impact Assessment. The project was screened for potential impacts based on knowledge of the proposed project (land take requirements, construction activities and operational parameters), the receiving environment and experience of similar projects within similar settings.

9. The Kangurt to Khovaling Intersection road rehabilitation project was determined to be a Category B project for impact assessment purposes. The principle reasons for this categorization are:

Project is for rehabilitation of existing route, which removes possible significant environmental effects of new roads such as community severance, habitat fragmentation and severance, exposure of receptors to new impacts such as noise and changes to air quality.

Project does not require any additional land take and involves minimum widening of the existing alignment in only a few locations but remaining within the existing Right of Way.

The project when operational is predicted to give rise to only slight increases of induced additional traffic flows. The nature of the road; highly rural with inclines and bends, and the continued weight and width restriction on the route by existing bridge crossings will limit future growth and traffic flows, especially for heavy goods vehicles.

Predicted effects are considered to be site specific, can be readily mitigated and do not involve impacts that are unprecedented of irreversible.

10. TСe impaМt assessment Сas aММorНinРlв been МonНuМteН in line аitС ADψ‘s requirements for submission of an IEE Report. It is noted that this does not imply that a lesser quality impact assessment is acceptable. The project has been effectively scoped (see Section III) and where scoped in, specialist topics have been appropriately assessed and reported.

3. Structure of the Report 11. This IEE Report provides information relating to the process of assessment undertaken by the Project Implementation Unit PIU and its advisors and is set out as follows.

• Introduction, this section which provides context to the project and the impact assessment undertaken; • Section II: Legal, Policy and Administrative Framework - This section presents an overview of the policy/legislative framework as well as the environmental assessment guidelines of Tajikistan that apply to the proposed project. The section also identifies relevant Asian Development Bank Safeguard Policies that will apply.

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• Section III: Scope of Impact Assessment – This section provides a description of the scope of the impact assessment undertaken. This includes information on the spatial, temporal, physical and technical scope of the assessment. • Section IV: Description of the Environment – This section of the report discusses the regional and local environmental baseline conditions. This section is divided into subsections relating to physical environment, ecological environment, economic conditions and socio-cultural characteristics. • Section V: Description of the Project – Section C describes the Category of the Project, the Project need and its environmental setting. A detailed scope of works is also provided indicating the type of engineering works required. The final portion of this section discusses Project alternatives. • Section VI: This section provides a description of the methodology used in the impact assessment, terminology used and the overall process and presents the findings of the assessment process and covers those specialist topics which were scoped into the overall impact assessment process. • Section VII: Environmental Management Plan & Institutional Requirements – Based on tСe outМomes oП tСe impaМt assessment proМess, tСe projeМt‘s МommitteН mitiРation anН monitoring measures are developed into the project Environmental Management Plan (EMP). This is provided at the level of detail available. Additional development of the IEE EεP into TopiМ anН Site SpeМiПiМ EεP‘s bв tСe appointeН МontraМtor anН approveН bв tСe PIU will be conducted once the IEE is approved and a Contractor is appointed. • Section VIII: Public Consultation, Information Disclosure & Grievance Mechanism – Section G provides a summary of all of the stakeholder consultation activities undertaken. A grievance mechanism for project affected persons is also provided along with information regarding the disclosure process. • Section IX: Conclusion – The final section of the report provides the conclusions of the assessment process. 4. Project Proponent 12. The ADB grant has been made to the Government of Tajikistan, with the Ministry of Transport being the Executing Agency for the project. The MoT Project Implementation Unit for Regional Roads (PIURR) is the effective proponent for the project.

13. PIURR has appointed SMEC as its Engineering Design consultants who have also been responsible for carrying out the environmental assessment process.

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II. LEGAL, POLICY AND ADMINISTRATIVE FRAMEWORK

1. General 14. This section presents an overview of the policy/legislative framework as well as the environmental assessment guidelines of Tajikistan that apply to the proposed project. The section also identifies relevant Asian Development Bank Safeguard Policies that will apply. The project will be required to comply with all relevant national and international environmental and social policies / guidelines.

2. Country Policies and Administrative Framework 15. Tajikistan has a well-developed environmental legal and regulatory framework. Current environmental legislation in Tajikistan includes statutory acts and laws on the following topics: (i) Protection of the environment; (ii) ecological audit and monitoring; (iii) protection of flora and fauna; (iv) environmental information and education; (v) soil, water and air quality; (vi) biological safety; (vii) human health and safety; and (viii) waste and chemicals management. These laws, along with the regulations approved by the Government of Tajikistan (GoT) create a favorable leРal Пrameаork Пor environmental proteМtion anН Пor tСe use anН proteМtion oП tСe Мountrв‘s natural resources. They also enforce the rights of any citizen for environmental safety, organic products, eco-friendly environment, access to environmental information, possibility of investing (moral, material and financial) to improve the ecological situation in the country.

16. Environmental legislation in the Tajik Republic includes the Constitution, codes and laws on air quality, noise, mineral resources, land management, forests, health and safety, waste and chemicals management. The Tajikistan Framework Environment Law was adopted in 1993 it was enacted in 1994 and amended sequentially in 1996, 1997, 2002, 2004 and 2007. Then in 2011 it was replaced by new law. The Water Code was adopted in 2000 (amended in 2008, 2009, 2011 and 2012), the Land Code in 1996 (amended in 1999, 2001, 2004, 2006 and 2011, twice in 2008 and 2012) and the Forest Code in 1993 (amended twice in 1997 and 2008).

17. Other important environmental legal acts include:

The Law on Hydro-meteorological Activity (No. 86 as of December 2, 2002); The Law on Production and Safe Handling of Pesticides (No. 1 as of April 22, 2003); The Law on Protection and Use of Flora (No. 31 as of May 17, 2004); The Law on Protection of the Population and Territories from Emergency Situations of Natural and Manmade Origin (No. 53 as of 15 July 2004); The Law on Biological Safety (No. 88 as of March 1, 2005); The Law on Animal World Conservation and Use (No. 354 as of January 5, 2008); The Law on Soils Conservation (No. 555 as of October 16, 2009); The Law on Subsoils (No. 983 as of July 20, 1994, wording as of RT Laws No. 120 as of November 4, 1995, No. 351 as of January 5, 2008, No. 471 as of December 31, 2008 and No. 663 as of December 29, 2010); The Law on Potable Water and Drinking Water Supply (No. 670 as of December 29, 2010); The Law on Environmental Education (No. 673 as of December 29, 2010);

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The Law on Environmental Information (No. 705 as of March 25, 2011); The Law on Environmental Monitoring (No. 707 as of March 25, 2011); The Law on Environmental Audit (No. 785 as of December 26, 2011); The Law on Specially Protected Natural Areas (No. 786 as of December 26, 2011); The Law on Use of Renewable Energy Sources (No. 857 as of January 12, 2012); The Law on Food Safety (No. 890 as of August 1, 2012); The Law on Atmospheric Air Protection (No. 915 as of December 28, 2012); The Law on Pastures (No. 951 as of March 19, 2013); The Law on Biological Management and Production (No. 1001 as of July 22, 2013); The Law on Radioactive Waste Management (No. 1002 as of July 22, 2013); The Law on Ensuring Sanitary and Epidemiologic Safety of Population (No. 49 as of December 8, 2003, wording as of RT Laws No. 441 as of October 6, 2008, No. 481 as of December 31, 2008, No. 793 as of December 26, 2011 and No. 1010 as of 22.07.2013); The Law on Energy Conservation and Efficiency (No. 1018 as of September 19, 2013); The Law on Fishing and Protection of Fishery Resources (No. 1021 as of September 19, 2013). The Law on Energy Saving (No. 524 as of February 6, 2002); The Law on Industrial and Domestic Waste (No. 44, as of May 10, 2002, wording of the Republic of Tajikistan Law No. 736 as of July 28, 2011); and The Law on Ensuring of Environmental Safety of the Road Transport (No. 1214 as of August 8, 2015).

18. These laws along with the Regulations approved by the GoT create a favorable legal framework for environmental protection in the country as well as for the use and protection of its natural resources. The most relevant of these laws, codes and regulations are highlighted in the following sections.

3. International legal instruments

19. The Republic of Tajikistan is party to a number of international environmental treaties. Including those which are relevant to the project:

 Vienna Convention for the Protection of the Ozone Layer, 1996 and updated by: - Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer (Montreal), 1998; - London Amendments to Montreal Protocol on Ozone Depleting Substances, 1998; - Copenhagen Amendments to Montreal Protocol on Ozone Depleting Substances, 2009; - Montreal Amendments to Montreal Protocol on Ozone Depleting Substances, 2009; - Beijing Amendments to Montreal Protocol on Ozone Depleting Substances, 2009.

 UN Convention to Combat Desertification (CCD), 1997.

 UN Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD), 1997; Related updates to CBD are: - Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety to the Convention on Biological Diversity, 2004.

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- Nagoya Protocol on Access to Genetic Resources and the Fair and Equitable Sharing of Benefits Arising from their Utilization to the Convention on Biological Diversity, signed in 2011 and ratified in 2013.

 Ramsar Convention (joined 2000);

 Bonn Convention on the Conservation of Migratory Species of Wild Animals (joined 2001); A related update is: - Bukhara Deer Memorandum, 2002.

 UN Framework Convention on Climate Change, 1998; A related update is: - Kyoto Protocol, accessed on December 29, 2008, and entered into force on March 29, 2009.

 Aarhus Convention (joined 2001); A related update is: - Kiev Protocol on Pollutant Release and Transfer Registers to the Convention on Access to Information, on May 21, 2003.

 Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES), 2016.

 UNESCO Convention Concerning the Protection of the World Cultural and Natural Heritage (joined 1992).

Framework environment law 20. The new Law on environment protection stipulates that Tajikistan's environmental policy should give priority to environmental actions based on scientifically proven principles to combine economic and other activities that may have an impact on the environment, with nature preservation and the sustainable use of resources. The Law defines the applicable legal principles, the protected objects, the competencies and roles of the Government, the Committee for Environmental Protection under Government of Tajikistan, the local authorities, public organizations and individuals.

21. The Law also stipulates measures to secure public and individual rights to a safe and healthy environment and requires a combined system of ecological expertise and environmental impact assessment of any activity that could have a negative impact on the environment. The Law also defines environmental emergencies and ecological disasters and prescribes the order of actions in such situations, defines the obligations of officials and enterprises to prevent and eliminate the consequences, as well as the liabilities of persons or organizations that caused damage to the environment or otherwise violated the Law. The Law establishes several types of controls over compliance with environmental legislation: State control, ministerial control, enterprise control and public control. State control is affected by, the Sanitary Inspectorate of the Ministry of Health, the Inspectorate for Industrial Safety and the Mining Inspectorate. Public control is carried out by public organizations or trade unions and can be exercised with respect to any governmental body, enterprise, entity or individual.

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4. Legal Framework for Environmental Assessment (EA) and Permitting 4.1 Basic EA Laws. 22. There are two laws in the country that stipulate all aspects of the EA:

(a) Law on Environment Protection; and (b) Law on Ecological Expertise. 23. The Chapter V, Articles 35-39 of the Law on Environment Protection (2011), introduces the concept of state ecological review (literallв, state eМoloРiМal ―eбpertise‖ – SEE) that seeks to examine the compliance of proposed activities and projects with the requirements of environmental legislation and standards and ecological security of the society. The mentioned laws stipulate the mandatory cross-sectoral nature of SEE, which shall be scientifically justified, comprehensive, and objective and which shall lead to conclusions in accordance with the law. SEE precedes decision-making about activities that may have a negative impact on the environment. Financing of programs and projects is allowed only after a positive SEE finding, or conclusion, has been issued.

24. The following activities and projects subject to state ecological review:

a. draft state programs, pre-planning, pre-project, and design documentation for economic development; b. regional and sectoral development programs; c. spatial and urban planning, development, and design; d. environmental programs and projects; e. construction and reconstruction of various types of facilities irrespective of their ownership; f. draft environmental quality standards and other normative, technology, and methodological documentation that regulates economic activities; g. existing enterprises and economic entities.

25. The laws stipulate that all types of economic and other activities shall be implemented in accordance with existing environmental standards and norms and shall have sufficient environmental protection and mitigation measures to prevent and avoid pollution and enhance environmental quality. The EA studies analyzing the short- and long-term environmental, genetic, economic, and demographic impacts and consequences shall be evaluated prior to making decisions on the allocation, construction, or reconstruction of facilities, irrespective of their ownership. If these requirements are violated, construction will be terminated until necessary improvements are made, as prescribed by the GoT and/or other duly authorized control bodies, such as sanitary, geological, and public safety agencies.

26. An EIA is a component of the SEE, as set out in the 2011 Environmental Protection Law and in the 2012 Law on State Ecological Expertise, which comprises both the department within the Committee for Environmental and the process as well. Conducting the EIA is the responsibility of the project proponent. The State Ecological Review1 - which comprises the process component only - for all investment projects is the responsibility of the GoT Committee

1 State Ecological Review which is also commonly referred as State Environmental Review means the process only. ______IEE of Kangurt - Baljuvon - Khovaling Road Rehabilitation, May 2018 Page 12

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27. According to the 2012 Law on Ecological Expertise, ecological expertise is intended to prevent negative impacts on the environment as a result of a proposed activity, forecast impacts from activities that are not considered as necessarily damaging to the environment and create databases on the state of the environment and knowledge about human impact on the environment.

28. This Law on Ecological Expertise and the Law on Environment Protection envisage two types of ecological expertise – State ecological expertise and public ecological expertise, which are not given equal importance. While State ecological expertise is a prerequisite for beginning any activity that may have an adverse environmental impact, public ecological expertise becomes binding only after its results have been approved by a State ecological expertise body.

29. The State Ecological Expertise is authorized to invite leading scientists and qualified outside specialists to participate in the review. Approval should be issued within 30 days, unless the project developer agrees to an extension, and remains valid for two years, if the decision is positive. For very complicated projects the term of consideration and approval can be extended till 60 days.

30. According to the Law on SEE the public ecological expertise of economic activities or other activities implementation of which can negatively impact the environment of population which live in relevant area can be carried out by any public organization and citizen. They have right to send the proposals to the responsible government bodies concerning environmental issues of implementation planned activities; to receive information on results of conducted state ecological expertise from relevant responsible bodies. The materials reflecting the public eбpertise НelivereН to tСe eбperts‗ Мommission sСoulН be taken into МonsiНeration unНer preparation of conclusion of state ecological expertise and decision making on realization of expertise object. The public ecological expertise is carried out under the state registration of application of public organization. The registration can be done by local executive authorities (for 7 days) in place where the expertise activities are planned. The public organizations which are organizing this expertise, should inform the population of initiation of expertise and then on its results.

31. The legal and regulatory system for the EIAs also include:

Procedure of Environmental Impact Assessment (adopted by the Resolution of the Government of the Republic of Tajikistan No. 509 as of 01.08.2014). Procedure to implement State Ecological Expertise (approved by the Resolution of the Government of the Republic of Tajikistan No. 697 as of December 3, 2012). Guidelines on the composition and order of development of content and structure of the documentation to be submitted for review (SEE), as well as coordination and approval of all projected budget or investment estimations, design drawings or documentation that

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must be developed in coordination with the SEE2, buildings and structures and EIA chapters, Strategic Environmental Assessment SEA and feasibility documents; and List of objects and types of activity for which preparation of documentation on Environment Impact Assessment is mandatory (adopted by the Resolution of the Government of the Republic of Tajikistan No. 253 as of June 3, 2013).

32. The elaborated existing normative legal base is intended for determination of legal basis for implementation of projects and their compliance with state requirements for environmental protection and mitigation of environmental impact.

33. In the Republic of Tajikistan, the organizations with most responsibility for environmental monitoring and management currently are the Committee for Environmental Protection (CEP) under the Government of the Republic of Tajikistan (GoT), the Sanitary Inspectorate of the Ministry of Health, the Inspectorate for Industrial Safety and the Mining Inspectorate. An environmental licensing system exists in relation to handling hazardous waste and mineral extraction. An environmental permitting system regulates the use of natural resources.

34. The Environmental Protection Law states that a SEE should be conducted by the CEP, which is designated as a duly authorized state environmental protection body. The CEP has a comprehensive mandate that includes policy formulation and inspection duties. The CEP has divisions at oblast (region), city and rayon (district) level, in the form of Departments of Environmental Protection (DEPs), within the Hukumat (local administration) at each city or rayon.

4.2 Public Participation 35. Article 12 of the Environment Protection Law proclaims the right of citizens to live in a favorable environment and to be protected from negative environmental impacts. Citizens also have the right to environmental information (Article 13), as well as to participate in developing, adopting, and implementing decisions related to environmental impacts (Article 13). The latter is assured by public discussion of drafts of environmentally important decisions and public ecological reviews. Public representative bodies have an obligation to take into consideration Мitiгens‗ Мomments anН suРРestions.

4.3 Licenses 36. Licenses are legal instruments to regulate certain potentially hazardous activities where minimal qualifications and strict adherence to rules are required to ensure that they are carried out efficiently, safely and do not result in potentially very significant and irreparable damage to the environment and human health .In particular, licenses are required for handling hazardous waste; for activities in industrial safety, sources of ionizing radiation, production and handling of pesticides and other agrochemicals. They are issued by the relevant industry regulator (ministry or committee) or an entity to which it has delegated such right. Licensing is also used to ensure the most efficient and sustainable use of natural resources. For example, licenses are required for prospecting, collecting or extracting mineral resources (borrow areas), or for constructing underground facilities not related to mining.

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4.4 Environmental Permits 37. Permits are meant to ensure the sustainable use of natural resources. There are two types of permits: (a) permits to use natural resources; and, (b) permits for emissions or discharges. The natural resources use permits allow their holders to take a certain number or amount of a particular natural resource within a defined territory and time period. They are issued both to individuals (e.g. to hunt a particular species of animal or harvest particular factories) and to organizations (e.g. permits to extract ground or surface water for a particular use). By law, permits are needed for any commercial use of any resource. The authority that issues the permit and the legislation (government resolution) that applies depend on the resource. Permits to discharge polluted matter are issued by the relevant inspectorate (e.g. previous State Water Inspectorate or State Air Inspectorate – now departments) of the local state environmental protection committees to industrial or agricultural enterprises and municipal utilities that release by-products into the environment. The permits allow releasing a certain amount of polluted matter (gases, liquids, solid waste) into the environment. The permits are normally granted for one year and indicate the maximum allowed concentration of the pollutants in the released matter, the maximum volume of the polluted matter and the pollutants allowed.

4.5 State Environmental Program 2009-2019 38. The Program, approved in 2009, obligates ministries and offices, heads of administrations and mayors of cities to improve environmental conditions and ensure sustainable development of the country during the period of economic transition. It calls for adoption of modern environmental standards for water, air, soil, solid waste, toxic wastes, and noise control, based on maximum permissible amounts. Standards are to be supplemented by discharge permits. The Program is accompanied by broad ecological zoning, dividing the country into ten zones (Syr-Darya, Northern Turkestan, Zeravshan, Gissar, Vaksh, Dangarin, Khulbak-Kulyak-Tchube, Karategin-Baldjuvan-Shurobad, Garm-Muksu-Balandkiik, and Badakhshan).

39. The principal directions of the Program are improvement of (i) the environmental status of agricultural lands, (ii) state of water resources, (iii) vegetation including forest resources, (iv) fauna and flora, (v) recreational possibilities, (vi) air quality, (vii) utilization of mineral resources, (viii) public health, and (ix) environmental performance of industry and construction. The Program calls for economic and other analyses of environmental problems and economic mechanisms that are to be used for the purpose of environmental management including: (a) limits on the use of resources, (b) payment for use of natural resources, and (c) pollution charges. Any use of a natural resource – including the assimilative capacity of air, water, and soil – is to be paid for in an amount as determined by the Government. The program calls also for better monitoring, improved environmental impact assessment, and improved financing of environmental activities. There are section dealing with environmental education, information, environmental centers and environmental legislation. State natural sanctuaries and natural reserves for perpetuation of rare and threatened species are to receive special attention.

4.6 Implementation and compliance 40. A number of legal acts establish liability for violations of environmental laws, which can be enforced by several State bodies. In particular, the 2010 Code of Administrative Violations establishes administrative liability for organizations, their officers and individuals for a range of

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CAREC Corridors 3 and 5 Enhancement Project: Contract for Engineering, Works Supervision and Project Management Services Grant 0356-TAJ ______violations, from the careless treatment of land to violation of the rules for water use or water protection or failure to comply with a State ecological expertise. The administrative sanctions for environment related violations can be imposed by the administrative commissions of Hukumats, Мourts, tСe ωEP‘s inspeМtors, tСe Veterinarв InspeМtors oП tСe εinistrв oП AРriМulture, anН tСe State Committee for Land Administration, Mapping and Geodezy. The most common administrative sanction is a fine of up to 10 minimal monthly salaries for individuals and up to 15 minimal salaries to officers of organizations. The 1998 Criminal Code covers crimes against ecological safety and the environment, such as violations of ecological safety at work, poaching, and spoiling land, violation of rules for the protection and use of underground resources. The maximum fine is up to 2,000 minimal monthly salaries and the maximum sentence is up to eight years in prison.

5. Environmental norms and standards 41. Norms are set for air and water pollution, noise, vibration, magnetic fields and other physical factors, as well as residual traces of chemicals and biologically harmful microbes in food. The exceeding of their thresholds results in administrative action, including financial sanctions. Several ministries determine environmental quality standards, each in its field of responsibility. For example, admissible levels of noise, vibration, magnetic fields and other physical factors have been set by the Ministry of Health.

42. Environmental quality standards in Tajikistan are based on GOST, SNiP and SanPiN. GOST (Tajiki: ) refers to a set of technical standards maintained by the Euro-Asian Council for Standardization, Metrology and Certification (EASC), a regional standards organization operating ӣ under the auspices of the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS). SNiP mean Technical Standards (Tajiki: ъё ҳ ) - a building code, a set of rules that specify the minimum standards for constructed objects such as buildings and nonbuilding structures. SanPiN (Tajiki: ҳ ъёҳ ) are sanitary rules and norms (standards). ӣ 43. Environmental quality standards in Tajikistan ensure both MPC (Tajiki: К) and MPE (Tajiki: ). The maximum permissible concentration (MPC) is approved by law hygienic standard. Under MPC refers to a concentration of chemical elements and their compounds in the environment, which in everyday impact for a long time on the human body does not lead to pathological changes or diseases established modern research methods in any time of life of present and future generations. The maximum permissible (or allowable) emissions (MPE) is standard of maximum permissible emissions of harmful substances (pollutants) into the air, which is set for a stationary source of air pollution in accordance with technical standards for emissions and background air pollution. It provides non-exceeding of the hygiene and environmental air quality standards, limits (critical) loads on ecological systems and other environmental regulations requirements.

44. Table 1 gives an overview of the National Standards and regulations that are applicable for the project

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Table 1 National standards and regulations applicable to the Project

# Title - National Standards - GOSTs 1. 31431—2011. Protection of nature. Air. Set of Maximum Permissible Emissions (MPE). 29 November 2011 2. 31434—2011 Protection of nature. Air. Determination of parameters of efficiency of dust collection systems. 29 November 2011 3. IEC 61241-0—2011 Electrical equipment used at areas containing flammable dust. Part 0. General requirements. 29 November 2011 4. GOST 17.0.0.01-76 (ST SEV 1364-78) (in edition of 1987) System of standards for environmental protection and improvement of natural resources usage. General provisions 5. General provisions GOST 17.0.0.04-80 (1998) Protection of nature. Environmental passport (certificate) of industrial facility. General provisions 6. GOST R IS014001-98 Environmental management systems. Requirements and guidelines. 7. GOST 17.0.0.02-79 (1980) Protection of nature. Provision of metrological control of air, surface water and soils pollution. 8. GOST 17.1.1.01-77 (ST SEV 3544-82) Usage and protection of water. General terms and definitions. 9. GOST 17.2.1.01- 76 Classification of emissions (content). 10 GOST 12.1.014-84 (1996) SSBT. Air at workplace. Methodology of measuring of pollutants concentration using indication tubes. 11 GOST 12.1.005-88 (1991) SSBT. General sanitary and hygiene requirements to air at workplace. 12 GOST 17.2.2.05-97 Norms and methods of emissions measuring containing spent diesel gases, tractors and self-propelled agricultural machines. 13 GOST 21393-75 Diesel motorcars. Exhaust gas opacity. Norms and methods of measurement. 14 GOST 17.2.2.03-77 Concentration of carbon monoxide at exhaust gases of motorcars with gasoline engines. Norms and measurements methodology. 15 GOST 17.2.2.03-87 Norms and methods of measurements of carbon monoxide at exhaust gases of motorcars with gasoline engines. 16 GOST 17.4.2.01-81 Nomenclature of sanitary condition parameters 17 GOST 17.4.1.02-83 Classification of chemical substances for monitoring of contamination. 18 GOST 12.1.003-83 (1991) SSBT. Noise. General safety requirements 19 GOST 12.1.023-80 (1996) SSBT. Noise. Methods of threshold noise levels for stationary machinery. 20 GOST 12.1.029-80 (1996) SSBT. Means and methods of noise protection. Classification. 21 GOST 12.1.036-81 (1996) SSBT. Noise. Allowable levels of noise within residential and public buildings. 22 GOST 12.1.007-76 (1999) SSBT. Harmful substances. Classification and general safety requirements. 23 GOST 12.4.119-82 SSBT. Means of respiratory PPE. Methods of protective features assessment for aerosols. 24 GOST 12.4.125-83 (1985) SSBT. Means of collective protective equipment from

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# Title - National Standards - GOSTs mechanical factors. Classification. 25 SNiP 2.05.02-85 (1985) Construction norms and rules on Roads for auto transport Sanitary norms and regulations (SanPins) 26 SanPiN 2.1.4.559-96 Drinking water. Hygienic requirements to the quality of water from centralised systems of drinking water supply. Quality control 27 CH 2.2.4/2.1.8.562-96 Noise at working places, indoors of residential and public buildings and the territories of residential areas

6. Noise, Water and Air Quality Standards 45. Tajikistan has standards for permissible noise levels, air quality and water quality. These standards are provided by tables 3, 4, 5 and 6. In addition the standards are compared with international guidelines and standards.

46. The ADB Environmental Safeguards also require comparison with appropriate international standards, such as World Bank Group, World Health Organisation etc. For the current project comparison has been made with relevant international standards as shown in Table 2, Table 3, Table 4 and Table 5.. The ADB require that the most stringent standard is used.

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Table 2 Drinking Water General Analysis Content and Limits

Project Standard Tajikistan WHO EU Parameter Units (mg/l unless stated5 Standard3 Standard Standard4 otherwise) Physical Quality pH — 6-9 6-9 6.5-9.5 TJS 6-9 Total Dissolved Solids mg/l 1000 — TJS 1000

Hardness Mg-eqv/l 7.0 — TJS 7.0

Acceptable to EMF consumers (formasine) Turbidity 1.5 and no TJS 1.5 or mg/l — abnormal (caoline) change Inorganic Chemical Quality Aluminium (Al) mg/l 0.5 — 0.2 EU 0.2

Ammonium ion (NH4) mg/l — 0.5 EU 0.5

Antimony (Sb) mg/l 0.05 0.02 0.005 EU 0.005 Arsenic (As total) mg/l 0.05 0.01 0.01 EU 0.01 Barium (Ba) mg/l 0.7 — TJS 0.7

Beryllium (Be) mg/l — — TJS

Boron (B) mg/l 0.5 1.0 WHO 0.5

Cadmium (Cd) mg/l 0.001 0.003 0.005 TJS 0.001 ωСloriНe ion (ωl‗) mg/l 350 — 250 EU 250 0.3-0.5 0.3-0.5 (free) (free) 0.8- Chlorine (Cl) mg/l 0.8-1.2 5 TJS — 1.2 (bounded) (bounded) Chromium (Cr+6) (Cr+3) mg/l 0.05 0.5 0.05 0.05 TJS 0.05 0.5 Copper(Cu) mg/l 1.0 2 2.0 TJS 1.0 Cyanide (CN) mg/l 0.07 0.05 EU 0.05

Fluoride ion (F=) mg/l 1.5 1.5 EU 1.5

Flydrogen Sulphide mg/l ...... TJS (H2S) Iron (Fe) mg/l 0.3 ... 0.2 EU 0.2 Lead (Pb total) mg/l 0.03 0.02 0.01 EU 0.01 Manganese (Mn) mg/l 0.4 0.05 EU 0.05

Mercury (Fig) mg/l 0.001 0.001 EU 0.001

Molybdenum (Mo) mg/l 0.07 ... WHO 0.07

Nickel (Ni) mg/l 0.1 0.02 0.02 EU 0.02

Nitrate ion (as N03) mg/l 45 50 50 TJS 45

Nitrite ion (as N02) mg/l 3 or 0.2 ... TJS 3.0 2+ Phosphate ion (P04 ) mg/l 3.5 ...... TJS 3.5

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Project Standard Tajikistan WHO EU Parameter Units (mg/l unless stated5 Standard3 Standard Standard4 otherwise) Selenium (Se) mg/l 0.01 0.01 TJS 0.01

Silicon (Si) mg/l 10 ...... TJS 10 Silver (Ag) mg/l ...... TJS 0.05

Sodium (Na) mg/l ... 200 TJS 200 2+ Sulphate ion (S04 ) mg/l 500 ... 250 EU 250 Strontium (Sr) mg/l ...... TJS ...

Uranium (U) mg/l 0.015 ... WHO 0.015

Vinyl Chloride (C2H3CI / mg/l 0.0003 0.0005 WHO 0.0003 H2C) Zinc (Zn) mg/l 5.0 ...... 5.0

Other quality parameters Petrochemicals mg/l 0.1 0.1-5 TJS 0.1

Sufactants (anionic) mg/l 0.5 .... TJS 0.5

COD mg/l .... 150-400 EU 150-400

Permanganate mg/l 5 .... TJS 5 oxizability

Specific electrical 3 -3 2x1 O' — - TJS 2x10 conductivity

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Table 3 Environmental Standards for Water Quality and Discharges to Water6

IFC/World Bank Guidelines / National Standards / Standards IFC Environmental, Topic Adopted Project Standard Rationale Requirements Tajikistan Health, and Safety General Guidelines Discharge List of MPC quality of water at Temperature of wastewater prior to pH 6.5-8.5 Tajik MPC as to surface surface water bodies discharge does not result in an BOD 30 most stringent water: (Requirements to water quality in inМrease Рreater tСan 3°ω oП COD 125 standard Effluent fishery water bodies) ambient temperature at the edge of supplemented water a scientifically established mixing Tital Nitrogen 10 by IFC where pH 6.5-8.5 zone which takes into account Total Phosphorus 2 needed for ambient water quality, receiving comprehensive Aluminium (Al) 0.04 water use and assimilative capacity TSS 50 suite Iron (Fe) 0.1 among other considerations. For Total Coliform bacteria 400/100 ml Cadmium (Cd) 0.005 treated sanitary wastewater: Aluminium (Al) 0.04 Copper (Cu) 0.001 Iron (Fe) 0.1 Nickel (Ni) 0.01 Cadmium (Cd) 0.005 Lead (Pb) 0.006 pH 6-9 Copper (Cu) 0.001 Zinc (Zn) 0.01 BOD 30 Nickel (Ni) 0.01 Chromium (Cr+6) 0.02 COD 125 Lead (Pb) 0.006 Chromium (Cr3+) 0.07 Total nitrogen 10 Zinc (Zn) 0.01 Oil and petrochemicals 0.05 Total Phosphorus 2 Chromium (Cr+6) 0.02 Arsenic (As) 0.05 Oil and grease 10 Chromium (Cr3+) 0.07 Calcium (Ca) 180 TSS 50 Oil and petrochemicals 0.05 Silicon (Si032) 1.0 Total coliform bacteria 400/100ml Arsenic (As) 0.05

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Table 4 Air Quality Standards

National Standards / General IFC Environmental, Adopted Project Standard Requirements 3 IFC/World Bank Guidelines / Health, and Safety (mg/m )/ supplementary Rationale Tajikistan standards7 , Standards Guidelines (Wastewater standards are marked bold mg/m3: and ambient air quality) mg/m3: Air Quality - PM 0.15 Where set, national air Emission concentrations PM 0.15 Tajikstand and Human population NO 0.06 quality standards apply. If as per general EHS NO 0.06 supplemented protection no national standards are Guidelines, and: by WHO as (at N02 0.04 N02 0.04 set then apply H S: 5 mg/Nm3 necessary to receptors) S02 0.05 2 S02 0.05 achieve most Ammonia 0.06 WHO standards CO 3.00 comprehensive Benzopyrene 0.1 WHO guidelines, μg/m3: Ammonia 0.06 suite

Benzene 0.1 PM2.5 10 (1 yr) Benzopyrene 0.1

Acetone 0.35 PM2.5 25 (24 h) Benzene 0.1

Petrol 1.5 PM10 20 (1 yr) Acetone 0.35

V205 0.002 PM10 50 (24 h) Petrol 1.5

Vinyl acetate 0.15 Ozone 100 (8 h) V2O5 0.002

HCI 0.2 N02 40 (1 yr) Vinyl acetate 0.15

HF 0.005 NOz 200 (1 hr) HCI 0.2

Fe203 0.04 S02 20 (24 h) HF 0.005

HN03 0.4 S02 500 (10 min) Fe203 0.04

H2SO4 0.1 HNO3 0.4

Xylol 0.2 H2SO4 0.1

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Inorganic dust (SiO270 %) Nickel oxide 0.001 0.05

Si02 = 70 % - 20 % 0.1 Inorganic dust (Si02 70 %)

Si02 is less than 20 % 0.15 0.05

Lead and its compounds Si02 = 70 % - 20 % 0.1 0.0003

Lead sulfur 0.001 Si02 is less than 20 % 0.15

Hydrogen sulfide, H2S Lead and its compounds 0.008 0.0003 Turpentine 1 Ethyl alcohol (ethanol) 5.0 Lead sulfur 0.001

Butyl alcohol (butanol) 0.1 Hydrogen sulfide, H2S 0.008 Propane alcohol (propanol) Turpentine 1 0.3 Methyl alcohol (methanol) Ethyl alcohol (ethanol) 5.0 ______IEE of Kangurt - Baljuvon - Khovaling Road Rehabilitation, May 2018 Page 23

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National Standards / General IFC Environmental, Adopted Project Standard Requirements 3 IFC/World Bank Guidelines / Health, and Safety (mg/m )/ supplementary Rationale Tajikistan standards7 , Standards Guidelines (Wastewater standards are marked bold mg/m3: and ambient air quality) mg/m3: 0.5 Styrene 0.003 Butyl alcohol (butanol) 0.1 Soot 0.05 Propane alcohol (propanol) 0.3 CO 3.0 Methyl alcohol (methanol) 0.5 Phenol 0.01 Styrene 0.003 Formaldehyde 0.003 Soot 0.05 Fluoride (HF, SiF4) 0/05 Phenol 0.01 Freon ( all brands ) 10 Formaldehyde 0.003 Chromium trioxide 0.0015 Fluoride (HF, SiF4) 0/05 Chlorine 0.03 Freon ( all brands ) 10 ZnO 0.05 Chromium trioxlde 0.0015 Ethylene oxide 0.03 Chlorine 0.03 ZnO 0.05 Ethylene oxide 0.03

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Table 5: Relevant Noise Standards

International Guidelines / National Standards / Requirements Standards Adopted Project Topic Rationale 8 Standard Tajikistan IFC Environmental, Health, and Safety General Guidelines Night time Noise emissions at the night time (23:00-07:00) Noise emissions should not exceed Tajik standards apply Most stringent noise limits for should not exceed the following levels (SanPin the following levels or result in a with night time and provides human 2.2.4/2.1.8.562-96): maximum increase in background defined as 22:00- more protection  Inside residential and public buildings: levels of 3 dB at the nearest 07:00 in line with IFC comprehensive Hospital anН sanatorium‘s аarНs, anН receptor location off-site: EHS General measurement operating rooms: 25 dB(A); Guidelines. criteria Residential rooms in apartments, rest Outdoor: houses, boarding houses, houses for the Exception 1: IFC elderly and disabled, sleeping rooms in Residential; institutional, standard will prevail kindergartens, and residential schools: 30 educational: from 22.00 to 23.00 dB(A); Night time (22:00-07:00): 45 dB(A) Exception 2: areas Rooms in hotels and hostels: 35 dB(A); Industrial, commercial: adjoining hotels and  In residential and other areas: Night time (22:00-07:00): 70 dB(A) dorms where IFC Recreational areas immediately adjoining standard is more hospital buildings and health centres: 35 stringent 45 dB (A) dB(A) Areas immediately adjoining residential buildings, policlinics, dispensary, rest houses, homes for the elderly and disabled, kindergartens, schools and other educational institutions, libraries; 45 dB(A); Areas immediately adjoining hotel and Нormitorв‘s builНinРsμ 50 Нψ (A)

8 According to International Sanitary Norms adopted by CIS countries (SanPin 2.2.4/2.1.8.562-96) ______IEE of Kangurt - Baljuvon - Khovaling Road Rehabilitation, May 2018 Page 25

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International Guidelines / National Standards / Requirements Standards Adopted Project Topic Rationale 8 Standard Tajikistan IFC Environmental, Health, and Safety General Guidelines Daytime noise Noise emissions at the day time (07:00-23.00) Noise emissions should not exceed Tajik standards with Most stringent limits for should not exceed the following levels (SanPin the following levels or result in a daytime defined as and provides human 2.2.4/2.1.8.562-96): maximum increase in background 07:00-22:00 in line more protection  Inside residential and public buildings: levels of 3 dB at the nearest receptor with IFC EHS comprehensive Hospital anН sanatorium‘s аarНs, anН location off-site: General guidelines. measurement operating rooms: 35 dB(A); Exception: areas criteria Consultation rooms of policlinics, ambulant Outdoor adjoining hotels and clinics, dispensers, hospitals, and sanatoria Residential.; institutional, dorms where IFC 35 dB(A). educational.: Daytime (07:00-22:00): standard is more ωlassrooms, teaМСers‘ Мommon room, 55 dB(A) stringent 55 dB (A) school and other eНuМational orРaniгation‘s auditoriums conference halls, and public Industrial, commercial: reading rooms 40 dB(A). Day time (07:00-22:00): 70 dB(A). Residential rooms in apartments, rest houses, boarding houses, houses for the elderly and disabled, sleeping rooms in kindergartens, and residential schools: 40 dB(A); Rooms in hotels and hostels: 45 dB(A); Halls of cafes, restaurants, eating rooms: 55 dB(A); Shops trade halls, passenger halls in airports and stations, consumer services centres: 60 dB(A);  In residential and other areas: Recreational areas immediately adjoining hospital buildings and health centres: 45 dB(A) Areas immediately adjoining residential buildings, policlinics, dispensary, rest houses, homes for the elderly and disabled, kindergartens, schools and other educational institutions, libraries: 55 dB(A); ______IEE of Kangurt - Baljuvon - Khovaling Road Rehabilitation, May 2018 Page 26

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International Guidelines / National Standards / Requirements Standards Adopted Project Topic Rationale 8 Standard Tajikistan IFC Environmental, Health, and Safety General Guidelines Areas immediately adjoining hotel and Нormitorв‘s builНinРsμ 60 Нψ (A) Rest areas at the territory of hospitals and sanatoria 35 dB (A) Recreation areas at the territory of micro- districts, and residential areas, rest houses, houses for the elderly and disabled, children's playgrounds in kindergartens, schools and other educational institutions: 45 dB (A)

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7. ADB Safeguards

47. As noted previously the Kangurt – Baljuvon – Intersection Vose-Khovaling road has been classified as CateРorв ―ψ‖ Пor Environmental Assessment. TСe МateРoriгation аas МarrieН out based on ADB's Safeguard Policy Statement.

48. The Environmental Safeguards can be considered to use the term environment in a broad sense. The Policy states, inter alia that an assessment shall be conducted to identify direct, indirect, cumulative and induced impacts and risks to physical, biological, socioeconomic (including impacts on livelihood through environmental media, health and safety, vulnerable groups and gender issues) and physical cultural resources in the context of the projects area of influence.

49. The Policy then goes onto list the Safeguard Requirements for Environment, focusing on:

Biodiversity Conservation and Sustainable Natural Resources Management; Pollution Prevention and Abatement; Health and Safety - worker and community Physical Cultural Resources (Archaeology etc.); and the Grievance Redress Mechanism (GRM)

50. These issues are addressed in this IEE. The impact assessment scope is presented in Section III.

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III. SCOPE OF ASSESSMENT

1. Preamble

51. One of the most important stages of an impact assessment process is the Scoping Stage. Scoping provides the terms of reference of the impact assessment process and enables the impact assessment process to focus on those aspects of the environment which may be significantly affected by the project and its activities. The following sections provide an overview of the scope of the current impact assessment.

2. Physical Scope 52. The physical scope of the Impact Assessment defines the project extent. In general terms good practice for Impact Assessment would expect all elements which are directly related to the project; and any other elements which are either a consequence of the project or which the project relies upon will be included in the Impact Assessment process. The physical scope will include all temporary facilities required for the development of the project, including any manpower camps, laydown areas, fabrication facilities, batching plants and access roads (temporary or permanent).

3. Spatial Scope 53. The spatial scope is the area which is included within consideration of the Impact Assessment process as the Area of Influence. Spatial scope will vary depending upon the topic being studied, for example air quality assessments may extend considerable distances from the project site/s, whilst terrestrial ecology may be a much tighter bounded spatial scope. Similarly, secondary impacts such as health issues will have varying spatial scopes.

4. Temporal Scope 54. The Impact Assessment scope for the Kungurt to Khovaling Road Junction project will include all phases of the project. These will be site clearance, construction, commissioning and testing, operation and maintenance.

5. Technical Scope 55. A key part of the scoping process is ensuring that the Impact Assessment process is focused on those issues which matter, that is impacts created by the project which when acting on a receptor may have significant effects, either through the magnitude of impact or the sensitivity of the receptor (or a combination of these and other factors). The following section provide a rationale for the inclusion or exclusion of topics within the current impact assessment. The text provides a brief overview of the conditions at the site pertaining to the topic being discussed, determination of potential impacts and their significance and if the topic is scoped into or out of the full impact assessment process.

5.1 Agriculture

56. Existing Conditions – the alignment of the road travels through a predominantly agricultural landscape, with much of the land in arable production, with some small areas of orchard and permanent pasture.

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57. Potential Impacts – during the operational phase no significant adverse effects are predicted on agricultural resources. There may be marginal benefit to local people who are working the land in improving access to their fields and markets through improvement of the road condition.

58. During the construction phase there are a number of potential impacts which could occur, such as dust soiling of crops, especially fruit crops, changes in hydrological regimes and accidental encroachment of construction equipment and staff onto agricultural land causing loss of crop production.

59. Scope Decision – this topic is scoped into the overall assessment for the construction phase only.

5.2 Air Quality

60. Existing Conditions – The project is in a rural location and the existing road has limited vehicle movements along the route. Traffic counts show that an average of 480 movements per day. Due to limitations on weight and width of the bridges, and the condition of the road, use of the route by heavy vehicles is very limited.

61. Air quality within the project location is unlikely to be affected by significant sources of pollutants from local emission sources. Local emissions will be limited to vehicle movements along the route, agricultural activities and the burning of solid fuels for heating and cooking in local properties. The local airshed is considered to be unsaturated.

62. Potential Impacts – During the operational phase there will be limited increases in traffic flows – estimated to be 3% per annum, resulting in an extra 15 vehicle movements per day year on year. To give a total increase by year 2034 (opening plus 15 years) of 290 vehicle movements per day. Additional traffic flows will result in additional increases of emissions of pollutants from the burning of fossil-based fuels.

63. During the construction phase there are a number of potential impacts which could occur. These include localised changes in the air quality parameters due to the operation of mobile and stationary equipment. The main risk will however, be the emission of fugitive dust, including particulate matter less than ten microns in diameter, referred to as PM10. These emissions can give rise to soiling impacts of crops and local houses, cars etc., and PM10 and smaller particles are known to affect human health.

64. Scope Decision – For operations, it is considered that the increases in traffic flows on the route, will not give rise to significant changes in the local airshed. For construction there remain possible impacts from local emissions of pollutants from equipment and machinery and fugitive emissions of dust. Therefore, this topic is scoped into the full assessment process only for the construction phase.

5.3 Archaeology and Cultural Heritage

65. Existing Conditions – Tajikistan has a rich archaeological resource throughout the country. For the current project the national database of known archaeological resources was consulted. This showed that there are no known extant registered archaeological sites within ______IEE of Kangurt - Baljuvon - Khovaling Road Rehabilitation, May 2018 Page 30

CAREC Corridors 3 and 5 Enhancement Project: Contract for Engineering, Works Supervision and Project Management Services Grant 0356-TAJ ______area of influence of the project. The adjacent land use of predominantly agricultural land also means that, and surface attributes such as grave mounds will have been removed or damaged by regular ploughing and working of the soils. Within the road corridor, excavations for the original road construction will probably have removed any archaeological resource.

66. Potential Impacts – In theory any excavations could encounter previously unknown archeological resources. For the current project which will involve limited excavations within the already disturbed area of the right of way, it is considered that the risk of encountering archaeological resources is very low.

67. Scope Decision – On the above basis this topic is scoped out of the full assessment process. A monitoring program via a chance finds protocol will be established for this topic.

5.4 Biodiversity and Ecosystem Functioning

68. Existing Conditions – The major land use is arable production with some permanent pasture and hard fruit production. Such land tends to have reduced intrinsic ecological value. Such areas are classed as Modified habitat within the context of ADB SPS (2009). There are no significant areas of natural habitats within the project area. The water courses at the project crossing points exhibit a high degree of anthropogenic disturbance. Active removal of boulders and substrates was observed during a site visit conducted in May 2018.

69. The rivers are reported to have very low flows during summer periods and on some occasions surface flow is absent. The development of stable ecological aquatic and wetland communities in these conditions is difficult. Key species like fish will need to migrate up and down the water courses to find areas of suitable water.

70. It is not considered that there are any areas of critical habitat present within the project area of influence.

71. Animals within the road alignment will be limited to common species, either human commensals within the settlement areas, or species suited to agricultural areas in the open sections of the route. Discussions with local ecologists and the Tajikistan National Centre for Biodiversity indicate that the risk of encountering species of interest, either Tajikistan or IUCN red book species for example, is low.

72. Potential Impacts – The project will directly affect existing road verge vegetation. The project proponents have stated that while some scrub may need to be cleared for the work, no trees will be cleared due to the rehabilitation project. The project is for a rehabilitation of the existing road so now new issues of gene pool restrictions, habitat severance and fragmentation will occur.

73. Scope Decision – This topic is scoped out of the full impact assessment for the operational stages. It is possible for careless construction methods and waste management to affect local ecosystems, especially the water courses and so for construction this topic is scoped into the assessment process.

5.5 Community

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74. Existing Conditions – The route runs through a small number of settlements and provides an important link to a number of communities which are located just off the project alignment. Settlements have the usual array of community facilities available in the form of shops. Alongside the route there are no schools, these being located in the larger settlements and away from the road. Similarly, only once pace of workshop was noted during site visits within 50 m of the road alignment. The poor road condition currently limits movements between settlements and further afield.

75. Potential Impacts – The project has the potential to affect community safety during the construction phase of the project, due to increased movements of heavy vehicles along the route. During construction, it is likely that temporary closure of some sections of the route will be required. In particular at Bridges 5 and 6 which are narrow and need the upper steel decking replaced, it is likely that a temporary closure will be required for workers to safely carry out this work.

76. During operations new community impacts are not anticipated. Traffic flows on the route will not rise to a level which would cause severance of communities and significantly increased risks to pedestrian users of the road.

77. Scope Decision – This topic is scoped out of the full impact assessment for the operational stages. It is scoped into the assessment for the construction phase of the project.

5.6 Contamination

78. Existing Conditions – During a May 2018 site visit, a Phase 1 Type Contamination Survey was conducted. This entailed making observation of potential contaminated soils (such as staining, stressed vegetation) and current and historic land uses which may present a risk of contamination of soils and ground water. The site survey indicated limited areas of localised contamination, mainly where residents were dumping ash from the domestic fires within garden edges. None of these areas were observed within the working area of the project.

79. To the east of Sarimazor, some 3 km along the river bed, there is a small oil and gas extraction facility. The road at Bridge No 6 is approximately 600 m from this facility. Consultation between the MoT PIU and the Ministry of Energy and Water Resources in May 2018, indicates that the facility is not currently producing gas but intermittently producing oil. This is exported via small diameter (125 mm) pipelines that run parallel to the road in some sections and cross under the road. Within the area of the facility and the oil pipeline there is a risk of historical contamination.

80. Potential Impacts – The project has the potential to mobilize existing contamination and create new contamination. Construction activities, and in particular storage of hydrocarbons such as fuels and oils and poor waste management practices, can lead to contamination of the environment. Depending upon the location and time of the year of an incident, contamination may spread over a wide area, for example releases of hydrocarbon into a river course when it is flowing.

81. During operations hydrocarbon and rubber residue from traffic on the road surface and other solids will be washed into the drainage system and local water courses. It is considered that the level of traffic on the road will not lead to significant contamination issues during the

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82. Scope Decision – This topic is scoped out of the full impact assessment for the operational stages. It is possible for careless construction methods and waste management to affect local ecosystems, especially the water courses and so for construction this topic is scoped into the assessment process. It is also possible that accidental damage to the oil pipe may occur during construction. Therefore, this topic has been scoped in for the construction stage as far as ensuring adequate measures are in place to manage risk of accidental loss of containment of contaminants.

5.7 Landscape and Visual

83. Existing Conditions – The project area is within the low mountain areas of Tajikistan. There are no national designations for landscape within the projects area of influence. There are limited scenic views from the route, generally limited to areas where the road opens out into the wider flood plains.

84. Potential Impacts – The use of gabion walls as retaining walls will cause localised changes in views into the road. The road already exists and so no new impacts on landscape character are anticipated.

85. Scope Decision – Due to the limited nature of the works and the absence of specific public view points into and out of the project area and no designations, this topic is scoped out of the full impact assessment.

5.8 Material Resources

86. Existing Conditions – The project currently has no demand for material resources.

87. Potential Impacts – The construction of the project will require quantities of various construction materials, primarily aggregates, concrete, steel and asphalt. Based on recent road projects the local market has adequate capacity to supply most of these materials for the current project without unduly affecting the local supply of such materials for other users. The bitumen for the asphalt will be imported, most likely from Kazakhstan. The operational stage will not create a large demand on material resources, with maintenance being mainly limited to future resurfacing of the wearing course.

88. Scope Decision – No significant effects on local or international markets for the material resources are anticipated due to the project, accordingly this topic is scoped out of the full impact assessment.

5.9 Noise and Vibration

89. Screening - The impact assessment process has conducted a screening assessment of the need for detailed noise assessment through modelling and baseline data collection. Reference has been made to the UK Design Manual for Roads and Bridges (Vol. 11 Section 3) – Noise and Vibration. This document provides technical advice, as used by the UK Government Highways Agency for determining the need for noise assessments and processes of calculation. The UK advice includes a flowchart for determining the level of study required. ______IEE of Kangurt - Baljuvon - Khovaling Road Rehabilitation, May 2018 Page 33

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This is partially reproduced in Figure 1.

Figure 1 Partial Copy of Noise Assessment Screening Flow Chart from UK DMRB

90. Utilising the flow chart, the answer to three of the questions in the top row of diamond shaped boxes is NO, but for one, will the project change traffic flow the answer is YES.

91. TСe neбt question is ―are tСere НаellinРs аitСin one kilometre which may be subject to МСanРe oП noise level‖, aРain tСe ansаer is Вes, albeit аitС a limiteН number.

92. On tСe tСirН roа oП boбes, tСere is tСe question ―is it Мlearlв eviНent tСat tСe projeМt аill result in noise and vibration changes greater tСan tСe tСresСolН levels‖? ψaseН on revieа oП tСe proposed project details, the current and predicted flow rates and the location of sensitive receptors, it is considered that the answer to this question is NO.

93. The quoted threshold values from DMRB Vol 11, Section 3 are daytime permanent change in magnitude of 1 dB LA10,18h in the short term (i.e. on opening) or a 3 dB LA10,18h change in the long term (typically 15 years after project opening). For night time noise impacts, the ______IEE of Kangurt - Baljuvon - Khovaling Road Rehabilitation, May 2018 Page 34

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threshold criterion of a 3 dB Lnight,outside noise change in the long term should also apply but only 9 where an Lnight,outside greater than 55 dB is predicted in any scenario.

94. The advice not on screening goes on to discuss changes in noise levels due to increases in traffic flow. The values provided are:

―ωСanРes in traППiМ volume on eбistinР roaНs or neа routes maв Мause eitСer oП the threshold values for noise to be exceeded. A change in noise level of 1 dB LA10,18h is equivalent to a 25% increase or a 20% decrease in traffic flow, assuming other factors remain unchanged and a change in noise level of 3 dB LA10,18h is equivalent to a Қ00% inМrease or a 50% НeМrease in traППiМ Пloа.‖

95. The above is based on all other factors, such as speed and road surface remaining the same. For the current project it is considered that the upgrading of the road surface will reduce noise levels, which however, could be offset by increased speeds.

96. Receptors - The characteristics of the road limit the number of nearby sensitive receptors. As shown in Table 6, there are 34 identified sensitive receptors which may be affected by operational noise. These consist of 32 dwellings, one mosque and one mausoleum within a public open space.

Table 6 Sensitive Receptors along Road Alignment

Left Hand Side – West to east Right Hand Side – West to east No Distance Building Chainage No Distance(m Building (m) Use ) Use 1 22.5 Residential 0+160 - 2 5.3 Residential 0+380 3 7.6 Residential 4 8.4 Residential 0+650 - 6 7.9 Residential 5 10.2 Residential 0+980 7 5.2 Residential 0+980 - 9 39.0 Residential 8 11.9 Residential 1+260 10 13.0 Residential 11 4.2 Residential 1+380 - 12 14.2 Residential 1+690 13 7.8 Residential 14 24.5 Residential 17 6.8 Residential 14+700 - 15 8.8 Residential 15+300 16 12.0 Residential 17+400 - 18 78.0 Residential 17+800 19 8.5 Residential

9 The DMRB screening uses Lnight,outside as the criterial index, this is a relatively new index and is for an annual value of noise over an 8 hour night period. While direct comparison with the IFC LAeq standard is not possible, it is important to note that the night time level used in the IFC Guidance is based on the World Health Organisation guidance which use levels below which there are no demonstrable effects of noise on health, and not levels at which there would be considered to be significant noise impacts. The use of 55 dB Lnight,outside for the screening of the need for assessment of significant noise impacts is therefore acceptable. ______IEE of Kangurt - Baljuvon - Khovaling Road Rehabilitation, May 2018 Page 35

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Left Hand Side – West to east Right Hand Side – West to east No Distance Building Chainage No Distance(m Building (m) Use ) Use 20 4.6 Residential 21+000 - 22 5.9 Residential 21 6.9 Residential 22+400 23 9.0 Residential 24 100.0 Mausoleum 23+500 – 25 50.0 Mosque 23+600 26 26.4 Residential 26+100 - 28 23.9 Residential 27 37.2 Residential 26+600 29 14.4 Residential 31 10.5 Residential 30 13.3 Residential 40+800 - 32 7.3 Residential 41+200 33 22.6 Residential 34 9.9 Residential

97. The mosque and mausoleum lie 50 m and 100 m from the road respectively. Furthermore, the mosque is located within the second row of buildings and is shielded from the road by a commercial building. The mausoleum sits within dense woodland. It is considered that neither of these structures will be subject to exceedances of the above limits.

98. There are therefore a limited number of receptors over the 43 km of route alignment. Apparent receptors on satellite mapping are mainly commercial buildings and not considered sensitive to the proposed changes in traffic flows for the project.

99. The sensitive receptors are mainly located within the two valley bottoms, in the settlements of Kangurt, Baljuvon and Sarimazor. Outside of these valley bottoms the natural topography of the alignment provides attenuation of noise within the wider landscape. The road alignment tends to follow the edge of the escarpment between the higher ground to the north and lower ground to the south. The existing alignment in many places is cut into the edge of the slope, meaning receptors are either above the height of the road and protected by an embankment from direct line of sight of the noise source, or alternatively sit below the level of the noise source. In other locations the route passes in deeper cut, again providing noise screening. Examples of these situation are shown in Figure 2.

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Figure 2 View of Receptors and Height Variation

100. Increases in Traffic Flows -The predicted increases in traffic flow are for 3% per year from the year of opening for 15 years. Based on the existing traffic flows to be an estimated 500 movements per day. The 3 % increase, even using a compounded percentage increase will give rise to predicted values of c.780 802 movements per day in the year 2034, an increase of approximately 300 movements or 60% of the original number movements. It should be noted that the value of 3% is based on natural growth from a study conducted by the World Bank where increases in vehicle movements on the national road network was predicted to match the expected rise in GDP of 3%.

101. The project has a number of factors which will limit the growth of heavy vehicle traffic. Firstly, is the topography and the curvature of the roads and secondly, the two steel bridges on the alignment will have a weight restriction of 30 tonne and a width restriction of 5 m for Bridge 5.

102. Based on the traffic counts it was clear that limited movement of traffic occurred during the night time hours. It is assumed that any increase in night traffic movements will be similarly limited.

103. Existing Noise Profile - The project is in a highly rural area. Noise profiles within the area will be dominated by road noise when vehicles pass. There are limited other noise sources, these being restricted localised noise at dwellings and agricultural activities. It is considered that the existing noise levels are below Tajikistan Noise Standards as set out in SanPin 2.2.4/2.1.8.562-96 as adopted by CIS countries. For residential properties these are ______IEE of Kangurt - Baljuvon - Khovaling Road Rehabilitation, May 2018 Page 37

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Day (07:00 – 23:00) 55 dB LAeq and 45 dB LAeq for night time (23:00 to 07:00). These values are the same as International Finance Corporation (IFC) guidance, expect IFC day time is from 07:00 to 22:00 and night 22:00 to 07:00.

104. Some initial noise calculations of daytime (LAeq, 16hr) are set out in Table 7 for the baseline year, year one and year 15 of opening, at distances between 30 and 10m from the road. These were made using the UK calculation method, the Calculation of Road Traffic Noise. No allowance has been made for any attenuation likely to be provided by the topographical screening mentioned earlier and a reasonable assumption has been made that any increase in road traffic speed (assumed to be c. 50kph) would be offset by the reduction in noise level resulting from the improvement in the road surface.

105. The results confirm the points made earlier i.e. that the short-term increase is less than 1dB and the long-term noise increase is less than 3dB, and for the most part, daytime noise levels will be below the IFC guideline of 55dB LAeq,

Table 7: Screening Noise Calculations based on CRTN (UK)

Base Distance (m) Floor Yr Year 1 ∆dB 15yr ∆dB 30 1 47.5 47.6 0.1 49.3 1.8 30 2 49.0 49.1 0.1 50.8 1.8 20 1 48.9 49.0 0.1 50.7 1.8 20 2 50.5 50.6 0.1 52.3 1.8 10 1 51.5 51.6 0.1 53.4 1.8 10 2 52.6 52.7 0.1 54.4 1.8

106. Screening Opinion - Based on the DMRB advice and calculated traffic flows it is considered that the proposed project will not have significant effects on ambient noise levels experienced at the identified sensitive receptors. It is considered that the flow rates of a 60% increase over 15 years will not cause an increase in long term noise during operations of more than the suggested DMRB of 3 dB LA10,18h.

107. The project is therefore not anticipated to exceed the screening thresholds from the UK DMRB, and no further assessment of the topic of operational noise is required.

108. Construction Noise – Construction activities will create local and temporary changes in local sound levels. This topic is scoped into the full assessment in terms of developing appropriate mitigation and monitoring measures for potential impacts of the Construction Phase of the project.

109. Vibration – The project construction process will not utilise vibratory rollers for compaction, nor are there any proposed pile driving activities. Roads, when in good condition do not generate vibrations which are likely to affect local structures or residents/building users. There are no known vibration sensitive receptors along the route, such as hospital operating theatres, precision engineers or recording studios. This topic is therefore scoped out of the full impact assessment.

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5.10 Soils

110. Existing Conditions – The project area has deep loamy soils which, coupled with high rainfall provide good conditions for agricultural production, either arable or permanent pasture for grazing. However, observations during site visits indicated that the soils are prone to erosion die to water flow across the surface. Traditionally the soils would have been protected and bound by the covering grass sward, but arable activities expose the soils and create instability.

111. Potential Impacts – The Project will involve clearance of some road verge vegetation during construction works. This has the possibility of causing instability of soils during rainy periods. During operations, no significant effects on soil as a resource are anticipated.

112. Scope Decision – This topic is scoped in for the construction phase but scoped out of the full assessment for the operational phase of the project.

5.11 Traffic and Transport

113. Existing Conditions – the current condition of the road is poor and restricts travel along the route, increases journey times and has lower safety due to vehicles travelling on the wrong side of the road to avoid pot holes etc.

114. Potential Impacts – The road rehabilitation will, as noted in the need for the project, decrease journey times, reduce wear and tear on vehicles, improve safety and provide improved opportunities to local residents for accessing wider markets and social facilities.

115. The construction phase of the project will result in increased vehicle movements within the area of influence and in particular heavy vehicles which currently make up a small percentage of total movements on the route. As previously noted, works along the route will create increases in journey time during construction activities and in some locations, Bridges 5 and 6, will require temporary closures, either over a weekend or a series of night time closures. The laying of the asphalt will require limited (2 hours) closures of the sections being worked.

116. Scope Decision – The impacts of the increased construction traffic and temporary road closures will be covered in other topics such as socio-economics and community safety. However, to ensure that construction traffic mitigation and monitoring measures are adequately developed this aspect will be covered in the full impact assessment process.

5.12 Water Resources

117. Existing Conditions – The project area receives high levels of rainfall throughout much of the year. Agricultural production does not rely on irrigation within the project area of influence. Water supply for local settlements is reported to be from spring fed waters, and observations suggest these are often through community stand pipe arrangements. Site visit observations suggested that some people were also collecting river water for domestic use.

118. The project crosses a number of water courses and flood plains along the route. These are prone to flash flooding from rainfall in the upper mountains and foothill. During summer months water levels drop and in some cases are reported to be more or less absent. Water flows in spring are also influenced by snow melts in the higher ground. ______IEE of Kangurt - Baljuvon - Khovaling Road Rehabilitation, May 2018 Page 39

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119. Potential Impacts – The project has the potential, during the construction phase, to affect water quality through spills of hydrocarbons and other polluting substances. During operations the traffic generated pollution is considered to be minor and with weight and width restrictions on the route, the presence of large road tankers will be limited. Therefore, the risk of contaminating spills following traffic accidents is considered to be very low.

120. The project will not require large volumes of water for the construction phase, so water use is not considered to give rise to significant effects.

121. Scope Decision – Impacts on water resources are not considered significant so this aspect is scoped out of the full impact assessment. Potential impacts on water quality for the construction phase are scoped into the full impact assessment process.

5.13 Waste Management

122. Existing Conditions – There are no known licensed waste disposal sites within the projects area of influence. Waste management from local settlements is managed by the local authorities.

123. Potential Impacts – The construction phase of the project will generate wastes, the largest volume of which is likely to be the old asphalt and unusable excavated materials. Improper disposal of wastes can lead to a range of environmental and social effects covering health and safety, visual, contamination etc.

124. During the operational phase no significant impacts are anticipated.

125. Scope Decision – The effective management of waste is a key aspect of the project during the construction phase of the project. Development of controls and management processes will be a feature of the Environmental Management Plan. This topic is therefore scoped into the full impact assessment process for construction activities only.

5.14 Scope Summary

126. Table 8 summarises the scope of impact assessment activities for the current project based on the above scope development.

Table 8: Summary of Impact Assessment Scope

Topic Construction Operations Agriculture Y N Air Quality Y – Particulate Matter Emissions Archaeology N N Biodiversity Y N Community Y N Contamination Y N Landscape and Visual N N

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Topic Construction Operations Material Resources N N Noise and Vibration N N Soils Y N Traffic and Transport Y N Water Resources Y – water quality only N Waste Management Y N

127. Other Matters – in line with ADB Environmental Safeguards, the IEE will also address the need for workers health and safety, including living conditions for international workers.

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IV. DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT

1. Preamble 128. This section provides an overview of the existing environmental and social conditions within the location of the proposed project and commensurate with the likely effects of the project on environmental and social receptors.

129. Where specialist topics have been scoped into the full impact assessment process, any detailed baseline data used in the assessment is presented within that specialist section.

2. Project Location 130. The project is located in the Khatlon region of Tajikistan, some 75 km in a direct line from the capital Dushanbe. The location within the country is shown in Figure 3.

Figure 3: Project Context within Tajikistan

Source: United Nations Mapping

131. The project route alignment is shown in Figure 4. It can be seen that the road has a west to east orientation.

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Figure 4: Project area 3. General Site Description 132. The project is located in a rural setting with a predominant land use for agriculture, either as managed grasslands for grazing of animals (sheep and cattle), orchards with fruit and nut trees and arable land. In the higher areas of land, the pasture has an upper storey consisting of wild fruit and nut trees.

133. The route alignment is within low mountains and valleys which are intersected by often water courses which are often highly braided in nature and in some instances located within very wide flood plains. Figure 5 provides examples of these river features.

134. Areas of urbanization along the route are few and generally small in nature. Areas of habitation are shown in Figure 6. Many of the villages and clusters of houses are set back from the existing road. Notable areas of habitation include Kangurt, Baljuvon, Sarimazor and Shagmon (see Figure 6).

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Figure 5: Views of River Crossing Locations

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Figure 6 Areas of Urbanisation Along the Route Alignment 4. Land Use along Route Alignment 135. A general description of the route follows, distances are approximate and based on chainage for the project starting at 0.0 km at Kangurt.

136. Km 0 to 1.6 km – The road commences at an approximate elevation of 870 m above sea level (asl) and passes to the edge of the village of Kangurt. Within this first 1.6 km the road crosses three bridges as shown in Figure 7.

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Figure 7: Location of Bridges 1 - 3

Source: Google Earth Base

137. Structures fronting the existing road are a mix of commercial and residential properties. The latter are of generally single storey buildings, and often formed from animal housing/storage areas alongside the road with dwelling areas further back within a courtyard area. Figure 8 shows typical views of this section of the route.

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Figure 8: Typical Views of Structures in Kangurt

138. Km 1.6 to Km 11.6 – On leaving Kangurt the route alignment rises steadily to reach an approximate elevation of 1210 m asl at 11.6 km. The route runs through agricultural land which is arable in nature, supporting crops such as cereals and oil seed rape. In some locations the original road construction has cut through low hills and exposed soil walls which have not vegetated over the intervening period. This section has limited tree cover, being restricted to small trees within the route alignment right of way.

139. Km 11.6 to Km 15.5 – at approximately the route alignment passes through an area of open pasture with scattered tree cover (wild fruit and nut trees) before descending to the village of Khanabad. Alongside the route are a small number of properties with the main part of the village lying to the south of the road alignment at a distance of about 100 m and screened by woodland. This area lies below the elevation of the road. The houses nearest to the route sit above the road elevation.

140. Km 15.5 to Km 20 – The route continues to descend before reach a low point of 870 m at approximately 16.4 m. From this point through to KM 20 the adjacent land use is again dominated by arable crop production. There are a limited number of residential properties along this section.

141. Km 20 to Km 21 – at this section the route passes through an area of orchard with cherry, apple and nut trees present.

142. Km 21 to Km 23 – this section of the alignment takes the road through the small town of Baljuvon, crossing bridge no 4 (see Figure 9) before reaching the edge of a major flood plain at ______IEE of Kangurt - Baljuvon - Khovaling Road Rehabilitation, May 2018 Page 47

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Km 23.

Figure 9: Location of Bridges 4, 5 and 6

Source: Google Earth Base

143. Km 23 to Km 25 – at this section the route crosses a river which is flowing from north to south, at Bridge No 5 (see Figure 9), before running along the edge of a river flowing from the east to create a confluence. This section of the route is badly eroded, and no real trace of the original road is visible, the route running within the dry river bed section. The route crosses this east west water course at Bridge 6 (see Figure 9) before starting to ascend. As can be seen in Figure 9, the flood plan to the south of the confluence of the two rivers is very broad,

144. Km 25 to Km 35 – The route ascends from the flood plain, passing through a mosaic of land use, with areas of arable production interspersed with grassland with wild fruit and nut trees.

145. Km 35 to Km 38 – The route continues to rise with a notable increase in tree cover within this section. These are predominantly wild fruit and nut trees.

146. Km 38 – Km 43 – The road rises to the small village of Shagmon, which mainly consists of small agricultural units surrounded by open land and orchards, mainly to the south of the road alignment. The final section of the route passes through arable land before joining with the existing Khovaling road.

5. Topography 147. Tajikistan is a mountainous country as can be seen on Figure 10. The approximate ______IEE of Kangurt - Baljuvon - Khovaling Road Rehabilitation, May 2018 Page 48

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Figure 10: Topographical Map of Tajikistan

Source: WikiCommon Copyright free files

148. The landscape is rolling and, in some locations, deeply incised with valleys. The general elevation profile of the route is shown in Figure 11.

Figure 11: Route Alignment Profile 6. Climate 149. Temperature and rainfall values for Dangara are provided in Figures 10 and 11

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150. It can be seen tСat temperatures peak at arounН 33 °ω НurinР tСe summer montСs. Mean temperature rarely fall below freezing and even minimum temperatures reach only -5 °ω. It is noted that lower temperatures may be experienced at the higher elevations of the project.

Figure 12: Maximum, Mean and Minimum Temperatures at Dangara 2009 – 2018

Source: https://www.worldweatheronline.com/dushanbe-weather-averages/khatlon/tj.aspx

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Figure 13: Rainfall Amount and Days – Dangara 2014 to 2017

Source: https://www.worldweatheronline.com/dushanbe-weather-averages/khatlon/tj.aspx

151. Figure 13 shows that the rainfall can occur throughout most of the year but with significant quantities from September through to May.

7. Land Use 152. As set out in the general description the current land use adjacent to the road alignment is for agricultural production with some areas of human settlement. The agricultural production is centred on arable production. Crops observed to be present and likely to be grown include cereals and oil seed rape.

153. In some locations formal orchards of fruit trees are present. These were a mix of cherry and apple trees. In higher locations the agricultural land consists of pasture for grazing of sheep and cattle. In many of these locations small wild fruit trees and thorn trees are present.

154. Historic land use will also have been agricultural based, perhaps with less emphasis on larger scale arable production and more pasture.

155. In terms of sensitive receptors there are no schools close to the road alignment. In the village of Sarimazor, there is a mosque situated at a distance of 50 m from the road alignment and shielded from the road by a commercial building.

156. Immediately adjacent to this mosque is a Mausoleum to Shohnemotulloi Vali, a religious man from this area reported to be a direct (19th Generation) descendent of the Prophet Mohammad. This mausoleum is set amongst a dense stand of trees. The mausoleum itself is some 100 m from the road, other sitting and small sheltered sitting areas are also present within the wooded area.

157. A listing of potentially sensitive receptors was previously shown in Table 6.

8. Soils 158. The Project corridor and its surroundings exhibit soil profiles characterized by typically loess, loamy sands and loamy soils, occasionally bench gravel upper Quaternary age, classically formed through deposition of light and typical grey earth, brown carbonate soils. Limitation - erosion, low content of organic in soils and drought in summer period. Soils in other areas are formed through wind deposition over arid or semi-arid areas. The humus layer of the loess and loamy sands is fairly fertile, and agriculture as noted by the extensive cultivation of the Obi Mazor, Surkhob, Vakhs and Yakhsu rivers floodplain. For these soils to be included into agricultural use they require irrigation and the use of mineral fertilizers. 9. Hydrology 159. As part of the bridge crossing design for the project, a hydrological study has been conducted for the project area. The results of this study are presented in detail in Appendix A. A summary of the findings is provided below.

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160. The rivers of Tajikistan are important sources of fresh water for the Aral Sea. The glaciers and permanent snow feed the rivers of the Aral Sea basin with over 13 km3 of water a year. The major rivers are the Syr Darya (total length 2,400 km), which flows for 195 km across the Fergana Valley in the north, the Zaravshan, which runs through central Tajikistan, and the Kafirnigan, Vakhsh and Panj rivers, all of which together drain more than three fourths of Tajikistan‘s territorв.

161. The Project Road is located within the Panj River Basin (See Figure 14).

162. The annual hydrological cycle of seasonal rivers of Obi Mazor, Obi-Shirin River, Obi- Khingal and other streams within the Project area formed within the region distinctly divides into two periods: spring-summer high water and low water. It is very difficult to delineate the periods of floods and high water for Mountain Rivers because during spring-summer rains simultaneously melting of snow cover also increases. Over the period of high water, from 70 to 90 percent of annual water volumes flow down through these rivers.

Figure 14: River Basins of Tajikistan10

163. The road follows the valley of the Obimazor river for its first 15 kilometers crossing the river Obimazor at two points and River Kizilsuone once. Water resources in the region are predominantly used for irrigation and domestic purposes. There are no major hydropower

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Figure 15: Water sources of project area

164. Groundwater is observed mostly at the depths of 10-20 m. Figure 16 shows the level of the groundwater table for the Project Area.

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Figure 16: Groundwater level in Project Area 10. Seismology 165. From the seismological point of view the Project Road corridor is located in 8 point seismic area according to MSK-64 scale 11 . Figure 17 indicates the locations of the road regularly impacted by landslides and mudslides Vose-Khovaling and associated roads.

11 The Medvedev–Sponheuer–Karnik scale, also known as the MSK or MSK-64, is a macroseismic intensity scale used to evaluate the severity of ground shaking on the basis of observed effects in an area of the earthquake occurrence.

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Figure 17: Seismic Map of Project Area

11. Biodiversity and Ecosystem Functioning 166. Overview – As noted in the description of land use the road alignment passes through land that is intensively managed, mainly for agricultural production in the form of arable land and permanent pasture. Whilst, inputs of artificial fertilisers, herbicides and pesticides are likely to be limited, the act of regular tilling of the land tends to restrict the habitat value of the area.

167. In parts of the higher land where permanent pasture is present scattered tree cover in the form of wild almond, wild plum and hawthorn (Crataegus spp). In some areas these woody scrub species extend onto the existing road verges.

168. International Ecoregion – The project location is situated within a large Ecoregion, described by WWF as a palearctic mountain ecoregion (https://www.worldwildlife.org/ecoregions/pa0808) which is considered to provide Critical/Endangered habitats for key species. It is note that the majority of this ecoregion comprises the higher mountains to the north and east of Tajikistan.

169. Within the Tajikistan National Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan, the road alignment is described as being located in a Mid-low mountain semisavanna (savannoid) ecosystem. This ecosystem is stated to be common within southern Tajikistan. A review of the ecosystem map from the NBAP suggests that the road straddles two main ecosystem types as defined by the NBAP. These Mid Mountain Mesophyllic Forest and Mid Mountain Xerophtic Light Forest.

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170. Protected Areas – There are not statutorily protected areas at the project site or within 30 km of the project. Some confusion regarding international mapping which appears to be incorrect shows a protected area within the project footprint. Consultation with local officials and the Head of the National Biodiversity of and Biosafety Center (NBBC) for Tajikistan, has officially confirmed the absence of protected areas. A letter confirming this was received from the State Forestry and is presented as Appendix B.

171. Existing Conditions – Habitats – The habitats present within the road corridor and surrounding landscape are highly modified. The agricultural activities at the project location are intensive with arable production across much of the route alignment. The excellent growing conditions at this location has made this a favoured farming areas for thousands of years and so the location retains very little, if any natural habitats.

172. The existing road verge comprises a grass sward which is grazed by domestic animals and in many places appeared to be disturbed in nature, being dominated by ruderals species such as Rumex, Malva, and vetches. In locations where the original road has cut through hillocks, the steep faces have not revegetated.

173. On the wider and more open road verges woody vegetation has invaded from adjacent areas. These include hawthorns, almond and wild plum.

174. Existing Conditions – Rivers – The road crosses three different rivers. Each are fed from rain and snow melt. The Head of the NBBC stated that the water courses were sensitive to the effects of climate change due to changing patterns of snow and rainfall. The rivers are spate type water courses with risk of flash flooding following heavy rainfall in the upland areas of the catchment area. In summer low flows are experience. The river beds appear to be suffering from anthropogenic disturbance, with evidence of extraction of gravels and boulders. At Baljuvon, the flood plain is very wide, and the river is braided. True riparian habitats were notable by their relative absence, with few stands of reeds being present.

175. The conspicuous fauna of the water courses is reported to be poor, with a limited number of fish species (See Appendix C). These will be feeding on aquatic invertebrates such as stone fly, odonata larvae, etc.

176. Consultation with NBBC suggested that the IUCN Near Threated Otter (Lutra lutra) was not native to Tajikistan. The IUCN Red List of species does however, list this species as native to Tajikistan. Local specialists state that this species is absent from the project area. This assumption would be supported by the sporadic nature of river flows and limited food sources for viable populations.

177. Other Fauna – The project area will provide habitat to locally common species, including mammals, birds and reptiles. The area of influence for the project will be limited and for most species the road verge habitat will form only a part of the home range. Consultation with NBBC and local specialists suggest that no rare or uncommon fauna will be at risk of significant adverse effects.

178. Status – Although the project site falls within an ecoregion considered to be endangered, it is clear that local land management has reduced the local habitat value. There are no large areas of natural habitat present.

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12. Historical and Archeological Areas of Significance 179. Historic and cultural resources include monuments, structures, works of art, the sites of outstanding universal value from historical, aesthetic, scientific ethnological and/or anthropological points of view, including graveyards and burial sites. The responsibility for preservation, maintenance and assessment of historical and cultural monuments in Tajikistan rests with the Ministry of Culture.

180. Consultations with local authorities in Baljuvon did not report the presence of any historical and archeological areas of significance within the Project areas. However, the region has a rich cultural heritage. Archeologists have found evidence of settlements in the region dating more than 2000 years old, as such the presence of chance finds of items of archeological and historical significance cannot be ruled out.

13. Economic Development 13.1 Demography 181. Table 9 provides a summary of local populations along the existing road. Not all of these are within the direct road corridor as a feature of the settlements is their set back from the road. Table 9: Local Settlement Populations

Name of Hukumat Village No. Population Houses Baljuvon 156 1055 1. Baljuvon 2. Turko 104 779 3. Jarparon 57 263 4. Tupkhona 39 259 5. Khirob 88 624 6. Dara 14 88 7. Mulkon 104 714 8. Haybarchashma 10 59 Tojikiston 1. Solmolidasht 166 1245 2. Kaltachinor 46 259 3. Kuhnabaljuvon 8 79 Sayf Rahim 1. Shaghmon 73 352 2. Nekmardon 78 582 3. Shifochashma 45 306 4. Chorchashma 14 102 Safar Amirshoev 1. Sari Mazor 52 382 2. Boymirzo 37 237 Total 1,091 7,385

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13.2 Industries 182. Along the Project ROW, no industrial operations were noticed. There are no significant factories or light industrial activities in the area. 13.3 Agriculture

183. Irrigated land in Khatlon region amount to 338 thousand hectares, which equals 45% of the irrigated land in Tajikistan, rain-fed land 2.12 million hectares, gardens 22.5 thousand hectares, of vineyards 8.2 thousand ha., Meadows 1.2 million. m., living 16.8 thousand ha., backyard 86 thousand ha. and 400 hectares of saplings. Khatlon region is famous for its high quality cotton, early watermelons, melons, onions, a cement plant, the Nurek, Chemistry Works, the Yavan and Sarband, Vakhsh River, seating Chiluchorchashma, Mountain Childuhtaron, Nurek СвНroeleМtriМ poаer station, tСe СistoriМ sites as tСe ωastle ―Hulbuk‖ in Vose НistriМt anН cemetery Hazrati Amirjon.

14 Existing Traffic Flows 184. Traffic counts for the existing road have been conducted on two occasions. The first was in June 2017 and the second in October 2017. The results of the two sets of counts show some high percentage variations. The June 2017 counts did not cover a full 24-hour period and were conducted when an alternative route, the Vos – Khovaling road was still under rehabilitation so there may have been some diverted traffic using the Kangurt to Khovaling Road.

185. On this basis the October 2017 counts are summarized and presented below. Counts were conducted at three locations:

Kangurt (start of project); Baljuvon (middle of project); and Intersection of road with Vos – Khovaling Road (end of project).

186. Six-hour counts were conducted at each location over four days and for a different six- hour period each day as shown in Table 10.

Table 10: October 2017 Traffic Count Dates

Count No Date Time 1 12/10/18 06:00 to 12:00 2 13/10/18 12:00 to 18:00 3 14/10/18 18:00 to 00:00 4 15/10/18 00:00 to 06:00

187. The results of these counts are presented in Table 11 and Figure 18. Table 11 provides a breakdown of the main motorized vehicles using the road. It can be seen that heavy vehicles are relatively low in number, making up some 6 % of total movements on the route.

188. There is a gradual decline in road use from west to east, indicating that traffic is mainly local and entering the road at Kangurt and stopping at villages along the route.

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Table 11: Summary of October 2017 Traffic Counts

West to East W – E East to West E- W Total Total No Location Car Lorry Bus Car Lorry Bus Total 1 Kangurt 285 18 1 304 179 19 3 201 505 2 Baljuvan 221 20 1 242 181 18 0 199 441 3 Intersection with Vose 172 17 4 193 180 10 2 192 385 - Khovaling Road

Figure 18: October Traffic Counts

189. The counts also showed a strong tendency for the traffic to be diurnal with the maximum number of vehicle movements at any of the count points for the midnight to 06:00 hrs period being 70 vehicle movements. This represents approximately 10 vehicles movements per hour on average.

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V. DESCRIPTION OF THE PROJECT

1. Preamble 190. This section provides an overview of the project. This is not intended to be a full technical description of the road construction specifications but aims to provide an adequate level of information on project design and construction activities which may affect the receiving environment.

191. In brief the project allows for the rehabilitation of an existing two lane rural road for a distance of 43 km. The existing surface will be removed, sub bases prepared, and a new surface installed. Refurbishment of six existing bridges are included within the project scope.

192. No land acquisition is required for the project, for the most part there will be no effective widening of the existing carriageway. In a small number of locations and easing of curves will be achieved by minor realignment but not beyond the existing Right of Way of the road.

193. Ancillary works will include drainage improvements and signage. No street lighting is proposed within the project scope. The road is classed as a Category IV route based on the former Soviet standards used in Tajikistan. A summary of the Category IV road parameters is shown in Table 12.

Table 12: The basic parameters of the road cross section.

Road parameters Component Name of Road IV – Category Number of Traffic lane 2 Width of traffic lane, m 3 Width of Carriageways, m қ 3 Width of Shoulders, m 2 Width of Subgrade, m 10

194. The route alignment has been previously described in Section IV when description of the existing environmental conditions was provided so is not repeated here.

195. The overall schedule for the implementation of the project is 18 months. The anticipated start date is Autumn 2018.

2. Need for the Project 196. The existing road was constructed over 30 years ago, during the Soviet era in Tajikistan. Since then maintenance has been absent or minimal and all of the road surfaces are stressed, and, in many places, the top wearing course has worn away. At Baljuon, the road passes through the river bed and has been completely washed away over the years. Traffic now passes along the dry river bed. Images showing typical condition of the road surface are presented as Figure 19. It can be seen that the road is in various states of degradation. Additional views of the road are presented in Appendix D.

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Figure 19: Images of Road Condition

197. The Kangurt to Khovaling road intersection passes through and near to a number of small settlements (see Figure 6). The poor road condition makes travel more difficult for the population of these settlements and in turn restricts access to healthcare facilities, markets and outlets for their agricultural produce. The Government of Tajikistan and International agencies have placed considerable store in the development of effective national and international road connections within Central Asia as a way of alleviating poverty and increasing opportunity for tСe nation‘s population. TСe reСabilitation oП tСis roaН аill eбtenН tСe improveН netаork in tСis area and link the settlements along the route to Dangara to the north west and then onto the capital Dushanbe. To the east the newly rehabilitated route will give the local population access to the recently upgraded Vos to Khovaling Road and Khovaling itself.

198. Without the proposed upgrade the existing road will continue to deteriorate to the point

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of having very limited accessibility, reducing the local populations access to essential services and limiting economic growth of the area.

3. Future Traffic Flows 199. Predicted increases in traffic movements are 3% per year. The rehabilitation will make the route more accessible to local people and some minor increases in local traffic movements are to be expected. However, there are other key routes available for long distance travel, including from Khovaling to Dangara and then to the capital city, Dushanbe on a newly rehabilitated road. The 3% increase in movements is based on World Bank predictions of a 3% growth in GDP which they state will result in a concomitant 3% increase in traffic flows on the national highway system.

200. Using a compounded 3% growth and a 15-year project life, then traffic movements will increase by some 60% by 2034, giving rise to predicted movements in the range of 780 -800 per day.

4. Summary of Key Construction Tasks to be Undertaken 201. The rehabilitation will have three key tasks which may interface with environmental receptors. These are:

Rehabilitation of the road bed and surface;

Rehabilitation of six river crossings (bridges) and 27 culverts; and

Rehabilitation and improvement of road drainage arrangements.

202. Ancillary works will include the installation of safety features such as barriers, signage and road markings.

203. For each of the above key tasks, a summary of activities which may impact environmental receptors is provided in Table 13 to Table 17.

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Table 13 Key Task – Road Bed and Surface Rehabilitation Activities

No Activity Description Duration Main Equipment Material Use Waste generation (Months) 1 Asphalt removal Will be carried out in 12 6.5 Excavator, Dump None Asphalt – estimated to km lengths and across truck, be 14,700 m3 whole width of road 2 Remediation of bed Levelling and 2.4 Grader, Roller Variable depending Minimal compaction of the road upon condition of bed in sections of length bed but estimated depending upon to be 13,000 m3 contractor capacity – conducted on half of road width at any one time 3 Excavation Removal of excess 8.0 Excavator, Dump 330,321m3 Minimal Subgrade subgrade if present. truck 4 Subgrade Backfill Backfilling of removed 13.4 Excavator, Dump Soil from cut/Gravel Minimal subgrade and truck, Grader, Sand mix (GSM) compaction sections of Roller 120,846 m3 length depending upon contractor capacity – conducted on half of road width at any one time 5 Sub base Laying of sub base and 8.7 Excavator, Dump GSM with Minimal compaction sections of truck, Grader, Gradation length depending upon Roller 97,191m3 contractor capacity – conducted on half of road width at any one time 6 Base course Laying of base course 6 Excavator, Dump Crushed stone Minimal material and compaction truck, Grader, 73,191 m3 sections of length Roller depending upon contractor capacity – ______IEE of Kangurt - Baljuvon - Khovaling Road Rehabilitation, May 2018 Page 63

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No Activity Description Duration Main Equipment Material Use Waste generation (Months) conducted on half of road width at any one time 7 Asphalt laying All along the road, will be 6 Paver, Dump truck, Bitumen, crushed Minimal conducted in sections of Roller (Steel and stone, sand, 1 km length pneumatic) Mineral powder. 19,288 m3 8 Road kerb At bus stands 1 Excavator, Dump Concrete, 160 m Minimal truck 9 Galvanized Steel Adjacent to deep slope 7 Hydraulic hammer, Steel Guard rail, Minimal Guard rail from W- >3m dump truck 25,880 m profile

10 Sidewalk At the population areas 3 Excavator, Dump Concrete 2,000 m2 Minimal truck

Table 14 Key Task – Bridge Rehabilitation – Concrete Bridges

No Activity Description Duration Main Equipment Material Use Waste generation 1 Cleaning the river Remove stones 0.5 months each Excavator, Grader, 2,300 m3 bed under 4 bridges accumulated from Dump truck river flow 2 Repair of Chipping concrete, 0.5 months each Loader, Dump truck Wire mesh, Minimal Substructure 4 concreting with wire concrete 100 m3 bridges mesh – will require work in river bed 3 Repair of Will require work in 0.5 months each Excavator, Dump GSM, Concrete Minimal Embankment river bed truck 120m3 protection 4 Dismantling of conc. Levelling Conc. 0.5 months each Hydraulic hammer, None 138 m3 slab Slab under the A/C loader, dump truck 5 Dismantling of conc. Between Girders, 0.5 months each Hydraulic hammer, None 69 m3 Slab 4 bridges will require work in loader, dump truck river bed ______IEE of Kangurt - Baljuvon - Khovaling Road Rehabilitation, May 2018 Page 64

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No Activity Description Duration Main Equipment Material Use Waste generation 6 Conc. Slab Between Girders 0.3 months each Excavator, Concrete 69 m3 Minimal formation will require work in concrete mixer river bed 7 Concrete top Levelling Conc. 0.5 months each Excavator, Concrete 138 m3 Minimal levelling slab Slab under the A/C concrete mixer 8 Rubber Insulation On the top of 0.5 months each Dump truck Insulation Material Minimal concrete 1,490 m2 9 Asphalt the top Finish top surface 0.25 months each Asphalt paver, Bitumen, crushed Minimal surface with asphalt Dump truck, Roller stone, sand, (Steel and Mineral powder. pneumatic) 55.2 m3 10 Repair of Hand rail Repair - remove 0.25 months each Hand tools Paint, 230 linear Minimal rust, paint metres

Table 15 Key Task – Bridge Rehabilitation – Metal Bridges

No Activity Description Duration Main Equipment Material Use Waste generation 1 Cleaning the river bed Remove stones 1 month each Excavator, None 9,900 m3 under 4 bridges accumulated from Grader, Dump river flow truck 2 Repair of Substructure 2 Remove rust, 1.5 months each Welding Grinder, Dump Minimal metal bridges patching areas of equipment truck 82 Nos. damage Supports 3 Reconstruction of 2*2*105m= 420 2 months each Excavator, Dump GSM, Concrete Minimal Embankment protection linear metres truck 42 m3

4 Dismantling of Remove the 1 month each Loader, Excavator None 206 ton superstructure existing steel plate dump truck 5 Installation of and Steel plate 1 month each Loader, dump Metal plates and Minimal construction of metal deck 130*6.5+200*3.3= truck hand rail 126.56 and hand rail. 1505 m2 ton 6 Supply and Installation of For surface drain 0.25 months each Lifting gear, hand Drainage pipes 36 Minimal steel drainage pipes tools pcs 7 Installation and painting the Hand rail on bridge 1.5 months each Hand tools Paint 1000 linear Minimal hand rail. and Approach slab metres ______IEE of Kangurt - Baljuvon - Khovaling Road Rehabilitation, May 2018 Page 65

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Table 16 Key Task – Culvert Rehabilitation and Geotechnical Structures

No Activity Description Duration Main Equipment Material Use Waste generation 1 3-sided Box culvert 1.0x0.5 m 2 months Excavator, Reinforcement, Minimal Concrete mixer Cement concrete 37.63 m3 2 RCC slab Cover the drain in 1 month Concrete mixer Reinforcement, Minimal locality Cement concrete 11.23 m3 3 RCC culvert Diameter 1.0m 3 months Excavator, 40.32 m3 Minimal Concrete mixer 4 RCC Culvert 2.5x3.0m 1 month Excavator, Reinforcement, Minimal Concrete mixer Cement concrete 34.80 m3 5 Construction of Used for 6 months Excavator, Dump Wire mesh, stone Minimal gabion retaining embankment truck 13,160 m3 walls and protection mattresses

Table 17 Key Task – Road Drainage

No Activity Description Duration Main Equipment Material Use Waste generation 1 Excavation of new At non- resident 6 months Excavator None 5,890 m3 earth drain area with slope 2 RCC drain LK 2-3 Installed at locality 10 months Concrete mixer, Concrete 25,110 Minimal and at slope >5% crane, dump truck linear metres

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5. Bridges 204. As noted above the project includes the rehabilitation of six bridges along the route. The location of these was shown in Figure 7 and Figure 9. There are no new bridges to be constructed for the project.

205. Table 18 provides a summary of each bridge in terms of size and construction. Example images for each bridge are presented in Figure 20 and Figure 21.

Table 18 Summary of Bridge Parameters

Description Bridge Chainage Length (m) Spans Width (m) Material Crosses No 1 Km0+200 50 4 C =7.5 Concrete River Toirsu, flowing north W = 2x1 superstructure and to south piers 2 Km 0+600 15 1 C = 8.4 Reinforced concrete Obishirin River, Water W = 2x1 course flowing east - west 3 Km 1+680 15 1 C = 8.4 Reinforced concrete Obishirin River, Water W = 2x1 course flowing East West 4 Km 45 3 C = 7.0 Reinforced concrete Mulkol River flowing North 22+720 W = 2x0.7 south 5 Km 180.5 19 C = 3.3 Steel Large flood plain area with 23+550 W = 2x0.8 Talkhak River flowing north to south 6 Km 130 13 C = 6.5 Steel Shurobdara River flowing 26+000 W = 2x0.8 east to west. To confluence with Talkhak River C = Carriageway W = Walkways

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Figure 20 Images of Bridges 1 - 3

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Figure 21 Images of Bridges 4 - 6

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6. Earthworks 206. The Works include the following types of earthworks necessary for the reconstruction of the Project Road and all associated works: • Excavation and removal of the existing pavement materials and the existing road embankment. • Construction of subgrade. • Excavations in cuts. 7. Retaining Structures 207. The following types of earth retaining structures will be used by the Contractor:

• Gabion works for retaining walls, river groins, scour protection and channel lining works. 8. Permanent Ancillary Features 208. The Works include the design and construction of Bus Stops and bus shelters. The Contractor must prepare a detailed design based on the conceptual drawing prepared during the preliminary design. A preliminary schedule of bus stops is provided in the Typical Drawings to the Contractor. However, the exact locations of bus stops will be finalized after the consultations between the Contractor, the Employer and the Engineer, according to the instructions of the Employer.

9. Source of Materials 9.1 Quarries & Borrow Pits 209. The using of the borrow pits and quarries will be conducted by licensed companies. The exact locations of suitable borrow sites and quarries will be determined by the Contractor and specified within the SSEMP. The Project will not use materials from illegal or non licensed quarries.

9.2 Asphalt Plants 210. Tajikistan does not have access to bitumen within its own territory. Therefore, all bitumen will be imported. Based on recent projects within the same location, it is highly likely that the source of bitumen will be Kazakhstan. The Contractor will be responsible sourcing this material and ensuring safe transportation. Similarly, the appointed lead contractor will be responsible for operating the plant and ensuring the facilities comply with the local regulations and EMP requirements. All necessary permits to operate will be obtained from the local authorities including the DEPs.

9.3 Water 211. Non-potable water will be derived from the Surkhob River. The locations of the extraction points have yet to be determined, although they should be approved by the Engineer and DEP prior to the start of extraction. Potable water will also need to be sourced for construction camps.

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9.4 Construction Camps 212. Camp sites will be selected keeping in view the availability of an adequate area for establishing camp sites, including parking areas for machinery, stores and workshops, access to communication and local markets, and an appropriate distance from sensitive areas in the vicinity. Final locations will be selected by the Contractor after the approval from the DEP and the Engineer.

9.5 Storage Areas 213. Temporary storage areas will be required for certain activities, such as the storage of construction equipment. The precise locations of these temporary facilities are not known at this stage, as such mitigation measures shall be prepared to ensure that these areas are sited in approved locations.

10 Road Safety 214. The scope of the Permanent Works includes the planning, manufacturing and installation of traffic signs and application of pavement markings along the entire length and for all features of the Project Road. The following types of traffic signs will be installed along the Project Road: i Warning Signs ii Regulatory Signs iii Signs for all off-ramp/adjacent roads iv Information and Direction Signs

215. In addition, the Works include the construction/manufacturing and installation of different types of safety barriers steel guardrail, kilometer posts and guide posts.

216. The principle road safety benefits the project will deliver are the following: • Reduced risk of vehicles leaving their lane to avoid potholes and surface deformations; • Reduced risk of accidents due to road hazards, e.g. flooding of roadway, foreign objects (falling rocks) on roadway; • Improved sight distances due to improved vegetation control; • Better separation between pedestrians and vehicles in settlements; and • Better night driving conditions due to improved carriageway and improved pavement centerline markings.

217. Some of these advantages could be partially offset by the higher speeds which will be possible after the road improvements.

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11. Operational Parameters

218. The rehabilitated road will be a Category IV road with two lanes. Bridge No. 5 is only wide enough for single way working.

219. The design speed limit will 60 kph in non-settlement areas and 40 kph in settlements.

220. The road rehabilitation is anticipated to generate limited induced traffic increases but a value of 3% per annum increase in traffic movements has been allowed for in line with World Bank estimates of increases in Tajikistan Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and parallel increases in the national road network.

12. Alternatives 12.1 Route Options

221. As the project is for the rehabilitation of an existing road, alternative alignments for the road have not been considered. Firstly, there are no significant effects of the existing route on receptors and therefore no need to locally realign the route. Secondly, new alignment would introduce new potential environmental effects. Therefore, the best environmental option was to conduct the rehabilitation within the existing right of way.

12.2 Do Nothing Option

222. The do-nothing option would not achieve the desired benefits of the project. Leaving the route to further deteriorate would continue and exacerbate the isolation of communities along the route and eventually make access impossible for many types of vehicles during wet and snow conditions.

223. The do-nothing option was dismissed on environmental grounds as it would not assist the local population from growing economically.

12.2 Do Minimum Option

224. The do-minimum would consist of limited repairs to the road. This was not considered viable as the road condition has gone beyond the ability to repair on a piecemeal basis. Repairs would be costly and not fully achieve the desired aims of the project. This alternative was dismissed.

12.3Selected Option 225. The selected option was considered to be the most cost-effective approach to achieve the desired outcomes of improving access and economic opportunity. Budgetary constraints limit the ability to widen the route. The route will always be constrained by the narrow Bridge 5, Insufficient funds are available for a new bridge and so the rehabilitation of the road to a Category IV standard was chosen.

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VI. IMPACT ASSESSMENT, MITIGATION AND MONITORING

1. Preamble 227. This section provides information on the impact assessment methodology and process adopted for the assessment of project impacts and determination of their significance.

228. Development of mitigation measures for identified significant effects are set out, and any residual significant effects are reported.

229. The assessment findings are based on all mitigation measures presented in this document being fully implemented as part of the project implementation. All mitigation established in the report are considered to be committed mitigation once the report has been approved by ADB. The commitments made within the IEE become a binding part of the contract and grant agreement.

230. At the current stage of the development a lead construction contractor has not been appointed. As many of the potential impacts of this project relate to the project construction phase, then consideration of the need for an update of the findings of this IEE shall be made once the contractor is appointed and his working methods, proposals for camps and locally negotiated borrow pits and waste disposal areas have been made.

231. The mitigation measures provided in this IEE shall be considered as high level in many cases and will need to be refined by the contractor during the development of Site Specific and Topic Specific Environmental Management Plans.

2. Process of determining effects 232. A standardised approach will be based around standard terminology for the determination of impacts and determination of effects, their significance and mitigation or offsetting. The following sections provides an overview of proposed process of impact assessment to be used for the current projects. This section provides the conceptual model to be used for determining effects.

233. The proposed approach for impact identification and assessment of effects relating to air land and water will be based on the Source – Pathway – Receptor – Consequence Model (SPRC). Such an approach is commonly used in contamination studies but is highly applicable for many of the elements considered in an impact assessment process. The model is shown diagrammatically below in Figure 22.

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Figure 22 Source Pathway Receptor Model as used in EIA

234. The model shows that to have an effect on a receptor you need all elements of the chain to be present. Therefore, an effect can only occur if there is a source (of change), a receptor upon which that change acts and a pathway between the source and receptor.

235. The SPRC conceptual model is less effective on intangible elements of the environment. These include potential exceedances of legislative standards and topics such where human perceptions and constructs are considered, for example landscape and visual impacts where individual perceptions of beauty, scenic value are important.

236. The SPRC model brings out some important aspects of terminology for the impact assessment process. The first is that the terms impact and effect are not synonymous and cannot be used interchangeably. As can be seen, the IMPACT is the change in environmental variable. The size of change can be determined objectively in cases where change can be measured or predicted, for example increases in emissions to air.

237. This IMPACT acting on the RECEPTOR creates a consequence or EFFECT on that receptor.

238. In order to determine the level or importance of the effects two key aspects need to be determined. These are:

Characterisation of the magnitude and nature of the impact; and Identification of valued Environmental Receptors and their level of importance and/or sensitivity to change.

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3. Identifying Receptors 3.1 Valued Environmental Receptors 240. Based on the SPRC model it is necessary to identify receptors which will be subject to the change in environmental variable.

241. The Valued Environmental Receptors (VER) and its sensitivity to change may not be the same for each discipline. Thus, each discipline needs to determine its oаn set oП VER‘s anН ascribe values to each of them.

242. Valued Environmental Receptors can be defined as:

Elements of the environment that are of value to the functioning of natural or human systems (i.e. areas or elements of ecological, landscape or heritage value, soil and sediment, air and water bodies); and Human receptors, such as people (i.e. users of dwellings, places of recreation, places of employment and community facilities), and human systems (e.g. employment market).

243. In addition, receptors will include legislative and policy standards and values. For example, air quality limits, noise standards and planning policy requirements.

244. The VERs are described in terms of their spatial importance and/or the sensitivity of that receptor to change due to potential impacts.

245. The environmental value (or sensitivity) of the receptors identified will be defined using the criteria in Table 19.

Table 19 Value and Sensitivity of Receptors used in the impact assessment

Value / Sensitivity Description of Value

International/ Extremely High importance and rarity, international scale and Sensitive limited potential for substitution (e.g. school or hospital receptor) Extremely sensitive to change

National/ Highly sensitive High importance and rarity, national scale, and limited potential for substitution (e.g. residential receptor) – very sensitive to change

Regional/ Moderately High or medium importance and rarity, regional scale, sensitive limited potential for substitution (e.g. commercial or recreational receptor) and moderately sensitive to change

Local/ Low sensitivity Low importance and rarity, local scale and insensitive to change

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246. EstablisСinР tСe VER‘s Пor tСe projeМt is a ПunНamental builНinР bloМk oП tСe impact assessment proМess. Onlв VER‘s sСoulН be reПerreН to in tСe Нetermination oП siРniПiМanМe oП effect. VER identification and evaluation is the first step in the assessment process.

4. Characterising Impacts 247. Size of Impact - As noted above the impact is the change of state of the environment which is caused by a project activity. In general, this change can be measured or estimated in some manner. For example, a change in sound level of 2 dBA, or an increase in ground concentration of an air pollutant of 20 mg/m3. For some topics the measure may be an area of land to be affected or number of trees to be lost etc. Wherever possible the size of the impact should have a physical measurement.

248. Other aspects of an impact - While the size of the change in environmental parameter is an important aspect of an impact, there are other aspects which will determine the severity of the impact when it acts on the receptor.

249. For this impact assessment the following aspects are taken into consideration, in addition to the Size of Impact as set out above:

Extent of impact; Duration of Impact; Frequency of Impact; Probability of Impact Occurring; and Reversibility of Impact.

250. The assessment process used in this impact assessment process will use a bespoke scoring system to enable a systematic and transparent process to be undertaken to determine the impact magnitudes identified.

251. The following sections provide the scoring system to be adopted and its rationale.

252. Extent of Impact or Area of Influence - This relates to the physical extent over which the impact will happen. A larger extent would tend to lead to increased risk of significant effects occurring than a highly localised area of influence. The classification of this variable and the ascribed scores is shown in Table 20

Table 20 Classification of Extent of Impact and Assigned Scores

Classification Description Example/s Score

Very Local The area of influence is highly Minor increases in noise 1 limited, likely to take place only at levels during construction the point of impact and not not extending from the influencing receptors outside of work site this immediate area.

Local The area of influence is contained Loss of local and common 2 within the project site or habitat within the site immediate surrounding area. during clearance works

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Classification Description Example/s Score

Regional The area of influence extends to a Changes in property or 3 regional scale, affecting areas land prices within a region outside the project site and into due to the development. the wider environment Air emissions which affect wide area.

National The area of influence extends to Creation of special wastes 5 national scale which cannot be handled within the nations existing capacity/capability

International The area of influence will be cross Production of Greenhouse 7 boundary Gases which affect global climate

253. Duration of Impact Effect - An impaМt‘s maРnituНe аill be increased as its duration increases. It is important to note that the impact duration is not synonymous with the duration of the event causing the impact. The duration is defined as how long the impact will last. For example, a loss of containment event resulting in a chemical spill may last only 5 minutes but the impacts of the chemical entering the environment will last much longer depending upon the type of chemical, location and nature of spill and any remediation efforts.

254. The classification of this variable and the ascribed scores is shown in Table 21.

Table 21 Classification of Duration of Impact and Assigned Scores

Classification Description Example/s Score

Transient Less than 1 day Delivery of single large 1 item of equipment affecting local road network

Very Short 1 – 30 days Temporary closure of road 2 Term or other access

Short term 1 – 12 months Dust emissions from site 3 clearance

Medium 1 – 5 years Construction traffic effects 5 on large project

Long Term Greater than 5 years Changes to air quality due 7 to emissions from process

Permanent Permanent Clearance of natural 10 vegetation which cannot be recreated

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255. Frequency - An event, such as blasting during site preparation works, may be short term in nature but if the event is repeated many times during the course of the project then the magnitude of the impact would be considered to be increased. The classification of this variable and the ascribed scores is shown in Table 22.

Table 22 Classification of Frequency of Impact and Assigned Scores

Classification Description Example/s Score

One off The event causing the impact Clearance of soils and 1/5* occurs only once in the lifetime of habitats at the start of the the project project

Rare A rare event in the lifetime of the Increased noise or air 2 project emissions due to emergency situations

Infrequent An event which is expected to Increased emissions from a 3 occur but not commonly as part of plant during regular the normal project conditions maintenance and shutdown

Frequent An event is will occur regularly Daily noise from blown 5 throughout a phase of the project down of steam drums. or the lifetime of the project Delivery of raw materials and export of products from a facility on daily basis

Continuous An event which by the nature of Noise emissions from 7 the project is continuous operational plant

*For one off events, a score of 1 is ascribed if the event does not lead to a permanent non-reversible impact, if the impact is permanent; a score of 5 is used. 256. Probability - Impact assessment for some issues is based on risk assessment. Not all predicted impacts will occur but should be considered in the assessment process. In order to account for this, a three-point probability scale and scores has been used as follows:

Certain 5 High 3 Low 2

257. Reversibility - If an impact can be readily reversed, then its overall magnitude would be considered less if it cannot be rectified. For example, the loss of natural habitats can never be fully reversed but the visual impact of a wind turbine will be reversed at the end of life when the turbine is dismantled and removed.

258. For this impact assessment process, a simple Yes or No scale is used with associated scores of 1 and 5 respectively.

259. Size of Impact - For the established size of impact the following values have been ascribed:

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Low 3 Medium 5 High 8

260. For any impacts which do not exceed the threshold of significance then by definition, the impact severity must be negligible.

261. Overall Impact Magnitude Scoring Model - The scoring model for the described variables results in scores across a range of 7 – 40. The impact assessment uses a four-point terminology to describe impact magnitude. This is presented in Table 23. The model ascribes the outcomes of the scoring of the variables as follows.

7 – 15 Negligible 16 – 23 Minor 24 – 31 Moderate 32 – 40 Major

Table 23 Criteria for Magnitude of Impacts used in the impact assessment

Magnitude Description of Adverse Description of Beneficial Consequence Consequence

Major Loss of resource and/or quality and Large scale or major improvement of integrity, severe damage to key resource quality; extensive restoration or characteristics, features or enhancement; major improvement of elements attribute quality

Moderate Significant impact on the resource, Benefit to, or addition of, key but not adversely affecting the characteristics, features or elements; integrity, partial loss of/damage to improvement of attribute quality key characteristics, features or elements

Minor Some measurable change in Minor benefit to, or addition of, one attributes quality or vulnerability, (maybe more) key characteristic, feature minor loss of, or alteration to, one or element; some beneficial impact on (maybe more) key characteristic, attribute or a reduced risk of negative feature or element impact occurring

Negligible No loss, or very minor loss or Very minor benefit to or positive addition detrimental alteration to one or of one or more characteristics, features or more characteristic, feature or elements element

262. Assessment of Significance - A significant effect may be broadly defined as one which should be brought to the attention of those involved in the decision-making process. The determination of significance of an effect uses a two-dimensional matrix based on the above parameters of Impact magnitude and Value/sensitivity of the receptor.

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263. The proposed assessment will use a matrix for determining the significance of an effect as presented in Table 24. Significance is therefore a function of the value or sensitivity of the receptor being considered defined in Table 19 and the consequence of impacts defined in Table 23.

Table 24 Matrix for Determining the Significance of Environmental Impacts

International/ National/ Regional/ Local/Lo Extreme High Moderate w

Major HIGH HIGH MEDIUM LOW

Moderate HIGH MEDIUM MEDIUM LOW

Minor MEDIUM MEDIUM LOW NS

Negligible NS NS NS NS

264. The impact assessment has utilised the following semantic definitions of the significance terms High, Moderate and Low. They are based on the terminology used in international principles and guidance and on the geographical context of the effect:

High – An environmental effect that has importance at international or national level and is irreversible or unprecedented; Medium – An environmental effect that has importance at a regional scale and/or one that can be readily reversed with intervention and is limited to the site boundary and immediate surrounding area; Low - An environmental effect that is only important in a local context, which is readily mitigated, and it occurs only within the boundary of the project; and NS – An environmental effect that is considered non-significant.

265. Significant adverse effects occur where valuable or sensitive receptors, or numerous receptors, are subject to impacts of considerable magnitude and duration. Some effects will be temporary, others are permanent in nature and these will be stated in the assessment.

5. Mitigation 5.1 Hierarchy of Mitigation

266. Figure 23 shows the Hierarchy of Mitigation as defined by the World Bank Group.

267. This is based on the principle of avoidance of impacts through design, followed by minimizing impacts through mitigation, and finally offsetting impacts that cannot be mitigated fully.

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Figure 23 Hierarchy of Mitigation

268. The above hierarchy has been incorporated into the IEE process for the current project. The mitigation set out in this document is committed and will form part of the contract documentation.

6. Results of the Assessment Process

269. The results of the assessment are present in the following sections.

270. A total of twenty Valued Environmental Receptors (VER) were identified during the assessment process. A full listing of these and their ascribed value or sensitivity to change is presented in Table 25. Potential effects were not identified on all of these VER‘s, but they are presented for completeness.

Table 25 Table of Valued Environmental Receptors

VER VER Description Value/Sensitivity No. 27 Agricultural land Regional/Moderate 28 Common Habitats along road alignment Local/Low 29 Trees within road right of way Local/Low 30 National Air Quality Standards National/High 31 Crop production and produce value Regional/Moderate 32 Potential unknown below ground artefacts National/High 33 Worker Health and Safety National/High

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VER VER Description Value/Sensitivity No. 34 National and International Legslative Noise standards National/High 35 Local demographics Local/Low 36 Local incomes Regional/Moderate 37 Access to facilities Local/Low 38 Existing productive soil resources Regional/Moderate 39 Access to wider region by local people Local/Low 40 Spring water quality Regional/Moderate 41 Access along route Regional/Moderate 42 Soils Regional/Moderate 43 Water courses - water quality Regional/Moderate 45 Ground Water Regional/Moderate 46 General environment Regional/Moderate 44 Local population health National/High

271. The total number of impacts identified during the EIA process was twenty-nine, a breakdown of which is provided in the following tables.

272. Table 26 shows the level of significance ascribed to impacts without mitigation broken down by environmental aspect. There were no predicted High impacts, 15 medium impacts, 10 low impacts and 4 which were considered to be non-significant. It can be seen that 7 out of the 28 identified impacts relate to health and safety issues, either community safety or Worker Health and Safety. The other notable area of concern highlighted by the impact assessment process is the potential for contamination of the water courses within the project area.

Table 26 Summary of Impacts by Environmental Aspect Prior to Mitigation

Environmental Topic NS Low Medium High Total Agriculture and Fisheries 1 1 0 0 2 Air Quality 1 0 2 0 3 Archaeology 0 0 1 0 1 Community Safety 0 0 4 0 4 Noise 0 0 2 0 2 Socio-Economics 0 2 1 0 3 Soil and Groundwater 3 0 3 0 0 Quality Terrestrial Ecology 2 0 0 0 2 Waste Management 0 2 0 0 2 Water Resources 0 2 1 0 3 Worker Health and Safety 0 0 4 0 4 TOTAL: 4 10 15 0 29

273. Table 27 shows the number of impacts for each significance level before and after mitigation is applied. The table shows that the mitigation measures are predicted to reduce most effects to Non-significant (NS). Only four significant effects remain, two of these are

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Table 27 Summary of Significance Before and After Mitigation

Sig Before Significance Mitigation after Mitigation NS 4 25 Low 10 3 Medium 15 1 High 0 0 Total 29 29

274. Table 28 to Table 41 provide a breakdown of the impact assessment outcomes. The tables are presented by environmental aspect for construction and operations. Each table provides an Impact ID No, a description of the anticipated impact, the results of the impact magnitude evaluation, the VER that the impact will act upon and its value/sensitivity and the predicted significance of effect without mitigation. Then the approved mitigation measures are listed and finally the predicted Significance after application of the mitigation is provided.

Note - The following abbreviations are used in the Tables.

NS = Non-Significant, Sub table headings (Im = Impact, C = Class, S = Score) S = Severity, E = Extent, D = Duration, F = Frequency, P = Probability, Rev = reversibility Lo= Low/Local, Med = Medium, Hi = High, VL = Very Local, Fre = Frequent, Cer = Certain, Y = Yes, N = No St = Short Term, Inf = Infrequent, Ra = Rare, ST30 = Short term less than 30 days, Per = Permanent

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Table 28 Assessment of Impacts for Archaeology – Construction Phase

Impact Description Impact Magnitude Receptor No Receptor Sig. Approved Mitigation Measures Sig. ID and Value/ before after Description Sensitivity mitigation Mitig ation

AR01 Risk of encountering Im C S 32. Potential National/High Medium Develop and Implement a Chance NS unknown S Lo 3 unknown below Finds Procedure as part of the EMP archaeological E VL 1 ground artefacts resources or artefacts D ST 3 Training of excavator operators and F Ra 2 supervisors/site managers on risk and P Lo 2 identifying possible archaeological Rev N 5 remains Minor 16

Table 29 Assessment of Impacts for Agriculture – Construction Phase Agriculture - Construction Impact Description Impact Magnitude Receptor No Receptor Sig. Approved Mitigation Measures Sig. ID and Value/ before after Description Sensitivity mitigation Mitig ation

AF01 Accidental Im C S 27. Agricultural Regional/Mod NS Awareness Training of staff on no go NS encroachment of S Med 5 land erate areas equipment during E Lo 2 construction causing D S30 2 Clear demarcation of approved work compaction of valued F Ra 2 areas and exclusion areas soils P Hi 3 Rev Y 1 Negligible 15

AF02 Fugitive dust emissions Im C S 31. Crop Regional/Mod Low Construction traffic speed limit when NS affecting quality of fruits S Med 5 production and erate on site through soiling issues E Lo 2 produce value D ST 3 Damping down of dusty areas F Fre 5 P Hi 3 Timing of dust generating activities to Rev Y 1 avoid fruit production season ______IEE of Kangurt - Baljuvon - Khovaling Road Rehabilitation, May 2018 Page 84

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Impact Description Impact Magnitude Receptor No Receptor Sig. Approved Mitigation Measures Sig. ID and Value/ before after Description Sensitivity mitigation Mitig ation

Minor 19

Table 30 Assessment of Impacts for Air Quality – Construction Phase

Impact Description Impact Magnitude Receptor No Receptor Sig. Approved Mitigation Measures Sig. ID and Value/ before after Description Sensitivity mitigation Mitig ation

AQ01 Localised changes in Im C S 44. Local National/High Medium Contractor to maintain all fossil fuel NS ambient air quality due S Lo 3 population burning equipment in accordance with to operation of mobile E VL 1 health manufacturers recommendations and stationary D Med 5 Contractor to use good quality equipment burning F Fre 5 equipment with minimum emissions fossil fuels. P Cer 5 No equipment shall be left idling if not Rev Y 1 in use Minor 20

AQ02 Emissions from mobile Im C S 30. National Air National/High NS No equipment shall be left idling if not NS and stationary S Lo 3 Quality in use equipment affecting E VL 1 Standards local air quality D ST 3 standards F Inf 3 P Lo 2 Rev Y 1 Negligible 13

AQ03 Fugitive dust emissions Im C S 67. Local National/High Medium Construction traffic speed limit when N/S from works, S Lo 3 population on site construction traffic E VL 1 health Damping down of dusty areas causing dust soiling D ST 3 and increase in PM2.5 F Fre 5 and PM10 P Cer 5 Rev Y 1 Minor 18

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Table 31 Assessment of Impacts for Community Safety – Construction Phase

Impact Description Impact Magnitude Receptor No Receptor Sig. Approved Mitigation Measures Sig. ID and Value/ before after Description Sensitivity mitigation Mitig ation

CS01 Increased risk of road Im C S 44. Local National/High Medium Actively enforce speed limits for NS traffic accident due to S Med 5 population Project vehicles. construction traffic E VL 1 health movements D Med 5 Awareness program for local F Ra 2 population prior to works P Lo 2 commencing, including visits to local Rev N 5 schools Minor 20

Devlopment of Traffic management Plan as part of the SEMP

Drivers to be fully competent and authorized to drive heavy loads vehicles and to receive specific training.

Ensure all drivers have completed training and are licensed to drive the vehicles they are operating.

Limits to be adopted and enforced for maximum number of work hours to avoid overtiredness.

Minimise the number of road movements as much as practicable, maximising capacity of vehicles.

Schedule road movements to

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Impact Description Impact Magnitude Receptor No Receptor Sig. Approved Mitigation Measures Sig. ID and Value/ before after Description Sensitivity mitigation Mitig ation

minimise impact on existing road users.

Zero tolerance policy for drug and alcohol use amongst all workforce CS04 Impacts on health of Im C S 44. Local National/High Medium All batching plants, crusher locations NS dust and noise S Med 5 population and asphalt plants shall be located emissions E Lo 2 health more than 500 m from residential D ST 3 units F Fre 5 P Hi 3 Rev Y 1 Minor 19

Worker Health and Safety - Construction Impact Description Impact Magnitude Receptor No Receptor Sig. Approved Mitigation Measures Sig. ID and Value/ before after Description Sensitivity mitigation Mitig ation

WH01 Risk of explosion or fire Im C S 33. Worker National/High Medium Awareness training of site staff and NS due to accidental strike S Med 5 Health and supervisors of issues concerning the of gas and oil lines E Lo 2 Safety presence of the pipelines present along this D ST 3 stretch of road - F Ra 2 Contractor to clearly mark above resulting in harm to P Lo 2 ground oil and gas pipelines and 5 workers Rev N route of underground lines prior to Minor 19 any construction works in this section

Contractor to identify location of potentially live oil and gas pipelines and other underground services

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Impact Description Impact Magnitude Receptor No Receptor Sig. Approved Mitigation Measures Sig. ID and Value/ before after Description Sensitivity mitigation Mitig ation

Liaise with Ministry of Energy and Water Resources to determine if lines are active. If lines are to be in use during construction works in this area then the work sites should be effectively separated from the lines by a physical barrier to prevent accidental encroachment of equipment and workers WH02 Poor quality housing Im C S 33. Worker National/High Medium Contactor to ensure that workers NS and hygiene standards S Lo 3 Health and accommodation and rights are in line resulting in injury or E Lo 2 Safety with the FIDIC Pink Book sickness D Med 5 requirements F Fre 5 P Lo 2 Contract documentation to include Rev Y 1 requirement that worker Minor 18 accommodation be in line with good practice, such as that set out in World Bank Workers Accommodation Guidance

Contractor to appoint camp manager who will be responsible for ensuring standards of eccommodation meet basic requirements and are safe and hygienic WH03 Injury or fatality of Im C S 33. Worker National/High Medium Contractor shall develop Method NS workers due to S Hi 8 Health and Statements for all major activities and insufficient controls on E Lo 2 Safety include health and safety risk work activities and D Med 5 assesment for each of these activites processes F Inf 3 P Lo 2 Contractor shall provide health and Rev N 5 safety induction training for all staff, Moderate 25 and specific training for staff working on work sites.

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Impact Description Impact Magnitude Receptor No Receptor Sig. Approved Mitigation Measures Sig. ID and Value/ before after Description Sensitivity mitigation Mitig ation

Contractor shall supply to site workers, free of charge all necessary Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) to include as protective footwear, high visibility vests, safety helmet and hearing protection. For specific tasks other PPE may be required, for example welding masks, hot work gauntlets

Contractor will develop and implement a health and safety system, including incident and near miss reporting

Contractor will employ a specialist Health and Safety officer for the duration of the project. Responsibility for health and safety shall be this persons main role.

Provision of health care and first aid - Contractor shall ensure that adequate first aid supplies and trained first aiders are available WH04 Potential presence of Im C S 33. Worker National/High Medium If asbestos is encountered, Contractor NS asbestos piping - risk of S Lo 3 Health and shall develop an Asbestos worker exposure to E VL 1 Safety Management Plan asbestos fibres D Med 5 F Ra 2 Worker awareness of asbestos and P Lo 2 risks asscoiated with handling such Rev N 5 material Minor 18

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Table 32 Assessment of Impacts for Waste Management – Construction Phase

Impact Description Impact Magnitude Receptor No Receptor Sig. Approved Mitigation Measures Sig. ID and Value/ before after Description Sensitivity mitigation Mitig ation

WM01 Inappropriate Im C S 43. Water Regional/Mod Low EMP to include appropriate waste NS management and S Lo 3 courses - water erate management protocols disposal of waste E Lo 2 quality during construction D Med 5 Location of appropriate waste storage affecting water courses F Fre 5 facilities at all work sites P Hi 3 Rev Y 1 Worker induction and regular tool box Minor 19 talks to make all staff aware of zero waste discharge to environment

Zero tolerance of waste entering water course or flood plain areas, this will include all materials (e.g welding rod stubs, wood, plastics and metals WM02 Poor waste Im C S 46. General Regional/Mod Low All hazardous waste containers to be NS management practices S Med 5 environment erate labelled clearly with a waste hazard resulting in direct and E Lo 2 identification label. indirect affects on D Med 5 project area F Fre 5 Contractor will establish a environment P Hi 3 demarcated temporary waste storage Rev Y 1 area where waste is stored pending Minor 21 transport to final treatment/disposal location.

Contractor will practice good housekeeping on site.

Contractor will put in place measures to minimise waste, i.e. procure materials with less packaging, refrain

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Impact Description Impact Magnitude Receptor No Receptor Sig. Approved Mitigation Measures Sig. ID and Value/ before after Description Sensitivity mitigation Mitig ation

from ordering excess materials, make arrangement with suppliers to return surplus, unused materials.

Contractor will take measures to prevent the disposal, burying and burning of waste on-site, roadside dumping and illegal land filling.

Contractor workforce will be trained in the requirements of the Waste Management Plan, Particularly with regards to waste segregation, storage and handling.

Implementation of recycling/recovery initiatives to reduce waste sent for disposal.

Contractor will practice good housekeeping on site.

Waste storage containers will be secure, undamaged and appropriately labelled.

Waste to be segregated and containers clearly labelled specifying which type of waste is contained to assist with identifying appropriate disposal routes and in case of accidental spills or loss to the environment.

Waste to be stored in appropriate

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Impact Description Impact Magnitude Receptor No Receptor Sig. Approved Mitigation Measures Sig. ID and Value/ before after Description Sensitivity mitigation Mitig ation

containers or skips and removed for treatment/disposal at a frequency so as to avoid the build-up of waste on site.

Waste will be collected and transported under cover of a Waste Collection Log and Waste Manifest.

Table 33 Assessment of Impacts for Water Resources – Construction Phase

Impact Description Impact Magnitude Receptor No Receptor Sig. Approved Mitigation Measures Sig. ID and Value/ before after Description Sensitivity mitigation Mitig ation

WR01 Accidental strike of oil Im C S 43. Water Regional/Mod Low Awareness training of site staff and NS pipeline causing a loss S Med 5 courses - water erate supervisors of issues concerning the of containment of oil E Reg 3 quality presence of the pipelines into river and/or flood D Med 5 plain - creating water F Ra 2 Contractor to clearly mark above pollution and ecological P Lo 2 ground oil and gas pipelines and 5 damage Rev N route of underground lines prior to Minor 22 any construction works in this section

Contractor to identify location of potentially live oil and gas pipelines and other underground services

Develop emergency response mechanism to ensure that flow is stopped if an incident occurs

Liaise with Ministry of Energy and Water Resources to determine if lines

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Impact Description Impact Magnitude Receptor No Receptor Sig. Approved Mitigation Measures Sig. ID and Value/ before after Description Sensitivity mitigation Mitig ation

are active. If lines are to be in use during construction works in this area then the work sites should be effectively separated from the lines by a physical barrier to prevent accidental encroachment of equipment and workers

Works in this area preferably to be conducted outside periods when rivers are in full flow WR02 Potential for Im C S 43. Water Regional/Mod Low Contractor to conduct risk NS contamination of water S Lo 3 courses - water erate assessment on all activities near to course due to release E Lo 2 quality water courses and apply approriate of hydrocarbons or oils D ST 3 controls and grease etc F Inf 3 P Lo 2 No refuelling of vehicles or equipment Rev N 5 to take place within river beds or withi Minor 18 25 metres of the edge of the water course

Table 34 Assessment of Impacts for Noise and Vibration – Construction Phase

Impact Description Impact Magnitude Receptor No Receptor Sig. Approved Mitigation Measures Sig. ID and Value/ before after Description Sensitivity mitigation Mitig ation

NO01 Noise disturbance due Im C S 44. Local National/High Medium Awareness program for local NS to equipment and S Med 5 population residents prior to commencement of construction activities. E Lo 2 health works D ST 3 F Fre 5 Limitation of working hours for normal P Cer 5 construction activities near to Rev Y 1 settlements times to be set out in the

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Impact Description Impact Magnitude Receptor No Receptor Sig. Approved Mitigation Measures Sig. ID and Value/ before after Description Sensitivity mitigation Mitig ation

Minor 21 EMP

No idling of equipment when not in use

Table 35 Assessment of Impacts for Socio-economics – Construction Phase

Impact Description Impact Magnitude Receptor No Receptor Sig. Approved Mitigation Measures Sig. ID and Value/ before after Description Sensitivity mitigation Mitig ation

SE02 Need for closure of Im C S 36. Local Regional/Mod Low Contractor to consult and liaise with NS bridge to complete S Med 5 incomes erate local government and emergency upper deck works. E Lo 2 services to ensure adequate Replacement of steel D S30 2 emergency access is available for deck may require F Inf 3 settlements during closures weekend closure of P Cer 5 1 bridge. Create impact Rev Y Contractor to develop a program for Minor 18 on incomes and minimising disruption of traffic flows accessibility during bridge closures. Consider possibility of single weekend closure or series of night time working to reduce inconvenience

Contractor to maintain accompanied pedestrian access across route during daylight hours

Contractor to notify local communities and post road signage advising of intended closure for three weeks prior to the closure.

Schedule closure outside main

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Impact Description Impact Magnitude Receptor No Receptor Sig. Approved Mitigation Measures Sig. ID and Value/ before after Description Sensitivity mitigation Mitig ation

harvest time to reduce disruption of access to markets SE03 Positive effect - short Im C S 36. Local Regional/Mod Low Develop plan for local recruitment of Positi term employment of S Med 5 incomes erate workers for project - train as required ve - local people E Lo 2 Low D Med 5 F Inf 3 P Lo 2 Rev Y 1 Minor 18

Table 36 Assessment of Impacts for Soil and Ground Water – Construction Phase

Impact Description Impact Magnitude Receptor No Receptor Sig. Approved Mitigation Measures Sig. ID and Value/ before after Description Sensitivity mitigation Mitig ation

SG01 Possible presence of Im C S 43. Water Regional/Mod Low EMP to ensure that excavations are NS historical contamination S Med 5 courses - water erate prohibited within vicinity of oil and gas from small scale oil and E Lo 2 quality production unit and minimised along gas production unit. D ST 3 pipeline route Construction activities F Ra 2 could cause P Lo 2 No borrow pits for boulders or gravel 5 mobilisation of Rev N to be developed in this section of the Minor 19 contamination water course

Worker and site supervisor awareness training to assist identification of contamination during excavation works SG02 Accidental spillage of Im C S 45. Ground Regional/Mod Low Fuels should be stored in good quality NS hydrocarbon affecting S Med 5 Water erate above ground tanks placed on an local ground water E Lo 2 impervious surface with a spill D Med 5 containment bund capable of

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Impact Description Impact Magnitude Receptor No Receptor Sig. Approved Mitigation Measures Sig. ID and Value/ before after Description Sensitivity mitigation Mitig ation

F Fre 5 containing 110% of the tank capacity P Hi 3 Rev Y 1 No onsite refulling within or adjacent Minor 21 to water courses

On site refuelling of equipment and vehicles shall utilise a drip tray to prevent hydrocarbons entering the ground SG03 Potential damage or Im C S 42. Soils Regional/Mod Low Soils shall be protected from water NS loss of soil resource S Lo 3 erate and wind erosion. Removal of due to erosion or E Lo 2 vehetation shall be minimised improper handling. D ST 3 F Fre 5 Top soil reources should be stripped P Hi 3 from site and stored for later Rev N 5 restoration. Stock piles should be no Minor 21 more than 1.5 m in height and shall be protected from erosion either by seeding with qucik growing non invasive grass mix or covered

Valued top soils shall not be compressed by tracking of equipment and machinary

Table 37 Assessment of Impacts for Biodiversity – Construction Phase

Impact Description Impact Magnitude Receptor No Receptor Sig. Approved Mitigation Measures Sig. ID and Value/ before after Description Sensitivity mitigation Mitig ation

TE01 Potential secondary Im C S 29. Trees within Local/Low NS Contractor to develop a tree NS impacts on trees S Lo 3 road right of way protection plan as part of the SEMP. E Lo 2 This will as a minimium set out

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Impact Description Impact Magnitude Receptor No Receptor Sig. Approved Mitigation Measures Sig. ID and Value/ before after Description Sensitivity mitigation Mitig ation

adjacent to work sites D Med 5 restrictions on tree removals, stock F Fre 5 piling soils over tree root systems, P Hi 3 excessive compression of soils Rev N 5 around tree root systems. Minor 23

Worker awareness training to include protection of trees

No tree cutting for fuel to be allowed TE02 Loss of common Im C S 28. Common Local/Low NS Limit the Project footprint to the NS habitats alongside road S Med 5 Habitats along minimum required for safe access, during project works E Lo 2 road alignment construction and operation of project and site clearance D ST 3 facilities. F Fre 5 P Cer 5 Restoration of sites with appropriate Rev Y 1 seed mix with local species grass Minor 21 species only.

Contract workers shall not have bonfires on site. Open flames for project needs shall be in designated safe areas only.

Table 38 Assessment of Impacts for Socio-economics - Operation

Impact Description Impact Magnitude Receptor No Receptor Sig. Approved Mitigation Measures Sig. ID and Value/ before after Description Sensitivity mitigation Mitig ation

SE01 Reduced journey times Im C S 36. Local Regional/Mod Medium Consider development of local plan to Positi and improved access to S Lo 3 incomes erate develop suitable cottage industries ve - local facilities and wider E Lo 2 such as arts and crafts in settlements Mediu markets for local D Per 10 along the road m F Con 7

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Impact Description Impact Magnitude Receptor No Receptor Sig. Approved Mitigation Measures Sig. ID and Value/ before after Description Sensitivity mitigation Mitig ation

population P Hi 3 Rev Y 1 Moderate 26

Table 39 Assessment of Impacts for Community Safety - Operation

Impact Description Impact Magnitude Receptor No Receptor Sig. Approved Mitigation Measures Sig. ID and Value/ before after Description Sensitivity mitigation Mitig ation

CS03 Potential loss of Im C S 44. Local National/High Medium Project design shall ensure maximum NS containment and fire S Med 5 population possible separation between road and risk due to vehicle E VL 1 health pipelines 1 striking gas or oil line D Per present along side 0 Project shall install warning signs that rehabilitated road F Ra 2 pipelines contain oil/gas P Lo 2 5 Rev N Project shall liaise with Ministry of 2 Moderate Energy and Water Resources to 5 ensure pipelines are protected from accidental strike during operational phase of road CS05 Increased speeds Im C S 44. Local National/High Medium Actively monitor and enforce speed NS cause increased risk of S Med 5 population limits on route accidents during E Lo 2 health operations D Per 10 Appropiate signage for speed limit F Fre 5 P Hi 3 Traffic calming measures at entrance Rev Y 1 to settlements Moderate 26

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Table 40 Assessment of Impacts for Noise - Operation

Impact Description Impact Magnitude Receptor No Receptor Sig. Approved Mitigation Measures Sig. ID and Value/ before after Description Sensitivity mitigation Mitig ation

NO02 Impacts of traffic noise Im C S 44. Local National/High Medium Actively monitor and enforce speed Low due to overspeeding - S Lo 3 population limits on route sleep disturbance E Lo 2 health Set speed limits in settlement areas at D Per 10 40 kph F Fre 5 Traffic calming measures at entrance P Hi 3 to settlements Rev Y 1 Moderate 24

Table 41 Assessment of Impacts for Water Resources - Operation

Impact Description Impact Magnitude Receptor No Receptor Sig. Approved Mitigation Measures Sig. ID and Value/ before after Description Sensitivity mitigation Mitig ation

WR03 Flush of contaminants Im C S 43. Water Regional/Mod Medium Installtion of sediment traps and oil Low and sediments into S Lo 3 courses - water erate interceptors on storm water drainage water courses from E Lo 2 quality systems road run off D Per 10 F Fre 5 Maintenance of storm water system P Cer 5 Rev N 5 Moderate 30

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7. Additional Impact Assessment Requirements 275. The location of important elements of the project such as construction camps, borrow pits and waste disposal areas is currently unknow.

276. The PIU shall be responsible for obtaining any required National and Local Permits for these facilities.

277. The results of any assessment for the facilities shall be considered and any requireН upНates to tСe IEE anН/or tСe EεP‘s sСall be МarrieН out and supplied to ADB for approval.

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VII. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLANS AND INSTITUTIONAL REQUIREMENTS

1. Environmental Management Plan

278. An inteРral part oП tСe impaМt assessment proМess anН ADψ‘s SaПeРuarН requirements is tСe development of an environmental management system and Environmental Management Plan/s to ensure all the recommendations of the formal impact assessment phase of the project move forward to the implementation phase.

279. The Environmental Management Plan for construction is fully developed by the appointed Lead Contractor. The plan shall be approved by the PIU. PIU will ensure that the Site Specific Environmental Management Plans (SSEεP) anН anв TopiМ SpeМiПiМ EεP‘s are fit for purpose and accurately reflect the findings of the Impact Assessment process as set out in the current document.

280. As previously noted the Contract will be required to develop methods statements for key activities of the project development. These will include a risk assessment for potential effects on Health, Safety and Environment. The outcomes of these risk assessments shall be included in the SSEεP anН TopiМ EεP‘s as appropriate.

281. No work shall commenМe on site prior to tСe projeМt СavinР approveН EεP‘s in plaМe. TСe PIU should further satisfy themselves that the contractor and any appointed construction supervisors have the capacity, knowledge and experience to fully implement the required mitigation and monitoring requirements during the implementation phase of the project. This will include the ability to effectively monitor the implementation of the management plans throughout the contract.

282. As a basis for the Contractor to develop the requireН EεP‘s tСe ПolloаinР seМtions proviНes an overview of the approved mitigation measures developed through the current impact assessment process. These shall be considered as a preliminary listing which the contractor shall fully develop into a working plan. Table 43 to Table 44 provide a listing of approved mitigation by environmental aspect broken down by project phase. Some mitigation measures are the same for differing aspects but are presented here for completeness. In total 94 mitigation measures have been developed and form part of the project.

Table 42 List of Approved Mitigation Measures - Design

Environmental Mitigation Measures Aspect Community Safety Traffic calming measures at entrance to settlements Appropriate signage for speed limit Noise Traffic calming measures at entrance to settlements Socio-Economics Consider development of local plan to develop suitable cottage industries such as arts and crafts in settlements along the road, Water Resources Installation of sediment traps and oil interceptors on storm water drainage systems, Project shall liaise with Ministry of Energy and Water Resources to ensure pipelines are protected from accidental strike during operational phase of road

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Environmental Mitigation Measures Aspect Project shall install warning signs that pipelines contain oil/gas Project design shall ensure maximum possible separation between road and pipelines

Table 43 List of Approved Mitigation Measures - Construction

Environmental Mitigation Measures Aspect Agriculture and Awareness Training of staff on no go areas, Fisheries Clear demarcation of approved work areas and exclusion areas, Construction traffic speed limit when on site, Damping down of dusty areas Timing of dust generating activities to avoid fruit production season Air Quality Contractor to maintain all fossil fuel burning equipment in accordance with manufacturers recommendations, Contractor to use good quality equipment with minimum emissions No equipment shall be left idling if not in use Construction traffic speed limit when on site, Damping down of dusty areas Archaeology Develop and Implement a Chance Finds Procedure as part of the EMP Training of excavator operators and supervisors/site managers on risk and identifying possible archaeological remains Community Safety Actively enforce speed limits for Project vehicles. Actively monitor and enforce speed limits on route, All batching plants, crusher locations and asphalt plants shall be located more than 500 m from residential units, Awareness program for local population prior to works commencing, including visits to local schools, Devlopment of Traffic management Plan as part of the SEMP, Drivers to be fully competent and authorized to drive heavy loads vehicles and to receive specific training., Ensure all drivers have completed training and are licensed to drive the vehicles they are operating., Limits to be adopted and enforced for maximum number of work hours to avoid overtiredness, Minimise the number of road movements as much as practicable, maximising capacity of vehicles, Schedule road movements to minimise impact on existing road users, Zero tolerance policy for drug and alcohol use amongst all workforce Noise Awareness program for local residents prior to commencement of works,

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Environmental Mitigation Measures Aspect Limitation of working hours for normal construction activities near to settlements times to be set out in the EMP, No idling of equipment when not in use. Socio-Economics Contractor to consult and liaise with local government and emergency services to ensure adequate emergency access is available for settlements during closures, Contractor to develop a program for minimising disruption of traffic flows during bridge closures. Consider possibility of single weekend closure or series of night time working to reduce inconvenience, Contractor to maintain accompanied pedestrian access across route during daylight hours, Contractor to notify local communities and post road signage advising of intended closure for three weeks prior to the closure., Develop plan for local recruitment of workers for project - train as required Schedule closure outside main harvest time to reduce disruption of access to markets Soil and EMP to ensure that excavations are prohibited within vicinity of oil and gas production unit Groundwater and minimised along pipeline route, Quality Fuels should be stored in good quality above ground tanks placed on an impervious surface with a spill containment bund capable of containing 110% of the tank capacity, No borrow pits for boulders or gravel to be developed in this section of the water course, No onsite refulling within or adjacent to water courses, On site refuelling of equipment and vehicles shall utilise a drip tray to prevent hydrocarbons entering the ground, Soils shall be protected from water and wind erosion. Removal of vehetation shall be minimised, Top soil reources should be stripped from site and stored for later restoration. Stock piles should be no more than 1.5 m in height and shall be protected from erosion either by seeding with qucik growing non invasive grass mix or covered, Valued top soils shall not be compressed by tracking of equipment and machinary Worker and site supervisor awareness training to assist identification of contamination during excavation works Terrestrial Contractor to develop a tree protection plan as part of the SEMP. This will as a minimium set Ecology out restrictions on tree removals, stock piling soils over tree root systems, excessive compression of soils around tree root systems., Limit the Project footprint to the minimum required for safe access, construction and operation of project facilities., Restoration of sites with appropriate seed mix with local species grass species only. Worker awareness training to include protection of trees Waste All hazardous waste containers to be labelled clearly with a waste hazard identification label., Management Contractor will establish a demarcated temporary waste storage area where waste is stored pending transport to final treatment/disposal location., Contractor will practice good housekeeping on site., Contractor will put in place measures to minimise waste, i.e. procure materials with less

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Environmental Mitigation Measures Aspect packaging, refrain from ordering excess materials, make arrangement with suppliers to return surplus, unused materials., Contractor will take measures to prevent the disposal, burying and burning of waste on-site, roadside dumping and illegal land filling., Contractor workforce will be trained in the requirements of the Waste Management Plan, Particularly with regards to waste segregation, storage and handling., EMP to include appropriate waste management protocols, Implementation of recycling/recovery initiatives to reduce waste sent for disposal., Location of appropriate waste storage facilities at all work sites, All hazardous waste containers to be labelled clearly with a waste hazard identification label., Waste storage containers will be secure, undamaged and appropriately labelled., Waste to be segregated and containers clearly labelled specifying which type of waste is contained to assist with identifying appropriate disposal routes and in case of accidental spills or loss to the environment., Waste to be stored in appropriate containers or skips and removed for treatment/disposal at a frequency so as to avoid the build-up of waste on site., Waste will be collected and transported under cover of a Waste Collection Log and Waste Manifest., Worker induction and regular tool box talks to make all staff aware of zero waste discharge to environment Zero tolerance of waste entering water course or flood plain areas, this will include all materials (e.g welding rod stubs, wood, plastics and metals Water Resources Awareness training of site staff and supervisors of issues concerning the presence of the pipelines, Contractor to clearly mark above ground oil and gas pipelines and route of underground lines prior to any construction works in this section, Contractor to conduct risk assessment on all activities near to water courses and apply approriate controls, Contractor to identify location of potentially live oil and gas pipelines and other underground services, Develop emergency response mechanism to ensure that flow is stopped if an incident occurs, Awareness training of site staff and supervisors of issues concerning the presence of the pipelines, No refuelling of vehicles or equipment to take place within river beds or withi 25 metres of the edge of the water course Works in this area preferably to be conducted outside periods when rivers are in full flow Worker Health Awareness training of site staff and supervisors of issues concerning the presence of the and Safety pipelines, Contactor to ensure that workers accommodation and rights are in line with the FIDIC Pink Book requirements, Contract documentation to include requirement that worker accommodation be in line with ______IEE of Kangurt - Baljuvon - Khovaling Road Rehabilitation, May 2018 Page 104

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Environmental Mitigation Measures Aspect good practice, such as that set out in World Bank Workers Accommodation Guidance, Contractor shall develop Method Statements for all major activities and include health and safety risk assesment for each of these activites, Contractor shall provide health and safety induction training for all staff, and specific training for staff working on work sites., Awareness training of site staff and supervisors of issues concerning the presence of the pipelines, Contractor to appoint camp manager who will be responsible for ensuring standards of Accommodation meet basic requirements and are safe and hygienic, Contractor to clearly mark above ground oil and gas pipelines and route of underground lines prior to any construction works in this section, Contractor to identify location of potentially live oil and gas pipelines and other underground services, Contractor will develop and implement a health and safety system, including incident and near miss reporting, Contractor will employ a specialist Health and Safety officer for the duration of the project. Responsibility for health and safety shall be this persons main role., If asbestos is encountered, Contractor shall develop an Asbestos Management Plan, Awareness training of site staff and supervisors of issues concerning the presence of the pipelines, Provision of health care and first aid - Contractor shall ensure that adequate first aid supplies and trained first aiders are available Worker awareness of asbestos and risks asscoiated with handling such material

Table 44 List of Approved Mitigation Measures - Operations

Environmental Mitigation Measures Aspect Community Safety Actively monitor and enforce speed limits on route Noise Actively monitor and enforce speed limits on route Water Resources Installation of sediment traps and oil interceptors on storm water drainage systems, Maintenance of storm water system,

283. It is anticipated that the following Plans, as a minimum, will form part of the overall Environmental Management System.

Tree Management Plan Asbestos Management Plan – if asbestos found to be present Traffic Management Plan Waste Management Plan Groundwater Management Plan Archaeological Chance Finds Protocol/Plan ______IEE of Kangurt - Baljuvon - Khovaling Road Rehabilitation, May 2018 Page 105

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Water Course Protection Management Plan Site specific Plans for Work at Bridges Construction Camp Management Plan Borrow Pit and Quarry Management Plan Emergency Response Plan Traffic Management Plan Air quality and Dust Suppression Plan Complaints Log Book Health and Safety Management Plan

284. The PIU shall ensure that a robust mechanism for ensuring full implementation of the EMP is effective and timely. The recently ADB produced Manual of Monitoring shall be used as Guidance for establishing the necessary measures to ensure good environmental performance during the implementation phase of the project.

2 Environmental Monitoring Program

285. In addition to implementation of the mitigation measures the contractor and Supervising Consultant shall be responsible for monitoring environmental performance during the contract. Table 45 provides an initial list of required monitoring/measurements to be conducted by the contractor and reported to the PIU in Monthly Reports. The PIU will submit bi-annual monitoring reports to ADB.

286. The contractor will be responsible in implementing the management and monitoring program and preparation of monthly progress reports regarding implementation. The Project Consultant will undertake the environmental monitoring program during the construction stage and will also monitor compliance of the contractor with the implementation of required mitigation measures and contract provisions pertaining to environmental aspects. During operation, the MOT staff will implement the monitoring plan.

287. The following measures will be taken by the Consultant and by PIURR to perform environmental compliance with the EMP and Monitoring Plan during Project implementation:

i TСe tenНer anН МontraМt НoМuments аill Мlearlв set out tСe МontraМtor‘s obliРations to unНertake environmental mitigation measures set out in the Environmental Management Plan. The recommended environmental mitigation costs are included as separate items in the Bills of Quantities. This will ensure that there is specific environmental mitigation Budget which will be implemented as required.

ii During the procurement, contractors will be encouraged to include these costs in their rates and present the mitigation cost as a line item in The Bill of Quantities. There will be an identified extra payment in the contract to ensure measures are costed and carried out.

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Table 45 Preliminary List of Monitoring Requirements

Impact Monitoring Description Frequency Duration No of Locations Equipment ID Required AF01 Encroachment onto third party land - Daily For duration of physical works As required None Visual check to ensure encroachment is not happening and that signs/barriers are in place to reduce risk of accidental entry into third party land AF02 Viusal observations of dust emissions Daily Thorughout active work periods As required None AQ01 General air quality Visual observation Throughout contract Daily As required None and recording as part of site when equipment is inspections - check for black smoke working from machinary and equipment - check for idling equipment AR01 Maintain awareness of possible Continuous when Throughout contract when As required None archaeological resurces by excavator excavation works are in excavation works are in progress operators progress CS01 Monitor near misses, reported Daily Throughout contract N/A None incidents and conduct root cause analysis and provide corrective actions when necessary CS04 Monitoring of noise measurements at Monthly 15 minutes at each location 2 Class 1 Sound fenceline of bacthing plants etc during Level Meter plant operation using Class 1 Sound capable of Level Meter capable of weighted, measuring LAeq averaged readings for Laeq as a averaged over minimum time

AQ03 Visual check on dust emissions Throughout contract Throughout contract when plant is As required None when dust is being in use emitted is working NO01 Monitoring of noise measurements at Once at sensitive 15 minutes at each location 1 Class 1 Sound receptors during work activities using receptors during normal Level Meter Class 1 Sound Level Meter capable of working activities and as capable of weighted, averaged readings for Laeq required afterwards measuring LAeq as a minimum averaged over time SG01 Visual monitoring for presence of Daily During works in Km 23 - KM 26 As required None hydrocarbon contaminants in soil and ______IEE of Kangurt - Baljuvon - Khovaling Road Rehabilitation, May 2018 Page 107 CAREC Corridors 3 and 5 Enhancement Project: Contract for Engineering, Works Supervision and Project Management Services Grant 0356-TAJ ______

Impact Monitoring Description Frequency Duration No of Locations Equipment ID Required ground water SG02 Visual observations of oil spills as Weekly Throughout project contract As required None part of site inspections WH02 Monthly inspection of all worker Monthly Throughout contract period All facilities None accommodation facilities - WM02 Visual observations of waste daily Throughout contrat period As required None management performance as part of work site inspections

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3. Estimated Budget for EMP Implementation

288. The estimated costs of various activities of ESMMP are based on 18 months of construction required monitoring phases is provided in Table-A-1. These costs are already included in existing establishment costs for the Contractor. No additional funding is required. The costs are shown here for information purposes only.

289. An Environment Specialist for three person-months is required to monitor construction works, and on-the job training will be provided by Domestic Environmental & Social Specialist. During the operational phase, the cost of the ESMP are also integrated in the operations cost of the Project Area Capacity building, field monitoring, and procurement of monitoring devices for the operational phase are also outlined.

Table 46 Environmental and Social Monitoring, Mitigation and Training Cost

A. Environmental Costs, Civil Works (included in Contractors civil work package) Item Unit Quantity Unit Total Cost (USD) (USD) Surface water Contamination and Site 4 200 800 drainage/regime pattern Noise and Vibration, Site 4 300 1,200 Air quality monitoring Site 8 200 1,600 Provision of Health, Safety and MM 6 200 1,200 Environmental Manager

Sub-total 4,800 B. Environmental Costs Environmental Management and Monitoring (construction) a) Remuneration and Per-diems International Environmental Specialist MM 3 8,000 24,000 Domestic Environmental Specialist MM 3 2,000 6,000 b) Travel International Travel Trip 3 2,000 6,000 Domestic Travel No 8 400 3,200 Subtotal 39,200 C. Environmental Monitoring of Project (during operation for 2 years) Surface water Contamination and Site 2 500 1000 drainage/regime pattern Environmental Monitoring Reports No 2 1,000 2,000 Project Completion Environmental No 1 1,572 1,572 Monitoring Reports Sub-total 4,572 D. Environmental and Social Management Training Domestic Environmental & Social MM 2 2,000 4,000 ______IEE of Kangurt - Baljuvon - Khovaling Road Rehabilitation, May 2018 Page 109 CAREC Corridors 3 and 5 Enhancement Project: Contract for Engineering, Works Supervision and Project Management Services Grant 0356-TAJ ______

Specialist Trainees Allowance Person 3 200 600 Logistics and Others No 3 200 600 Sub-total 5,200 Total (4,800+39,200+4,572+5,200) 53,772 15%overheads 8,065.8 Grand Total 61,837.8 Note: 1. Construction period assumed to be 18 months 2. Monitoring in construction phase to be done on monthly basis

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VIII. PUBLIC CONSULTATION, INFORMATION DISCLOSURE & GRIEVANCE MECHANISM

1 Public Consultations 290. According to the ADB Safeguard Policy Statement (2009):

―The borrower/client will carry out meaningful consultation with affected people and other concerned stakeholders, including civil society, and facilitate their informed participation. Meaningful consultation is a process that: 1. Begins early in the project preparation stage and is carried out on an ongoing basis throughout the project cycle; 2. Provides timely disclosure of relevant and adequate information that is understandable and readily accessible to affected people; 3. Is undertaken in an atmosphere free of intimidation or coercion; 4. Is gender inclusive and responsive, and tailored to the needs of disadvantaged and vulnerable groups; and 5. Enables the incorporation of all relevant views of affected people and other stakeholders into decision making, such as project design, mitigation measures, the sharing of development benefits and opportunities, and implementation issues. Consultation will be carried out in a manner commensurate with the impacts on affected communities. The consultation process and its results are to be documented and reflected in the environmental assessment report.”

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1.2 Consultations with Local Officials Consultations were held with national entities, local government and the public. Table 47 shows the list of local officials met and the topics discuss, information provided. Table 47 Table of meetings with local officials

Person Met (Name, position) Topics Discussed

Ms. Zoirzoda Marifat 1. There are no Protected Areas within the vicinity of the Project Road. Chairman of Baljuvon District 2. Permits must be granted for quarries and borrow pits before they become operational. 3. Construction of the road will improve air quality and have beneficial social impacts. 4. Local people are eagerly waiting to use a good condition road connectivity between Dangara, Kulob and Baljuvon to minimize distance and time. As such, they are in a cooperative attitude and support the project and advised the Consultant to take precautions in the environmental mitigation to avoid any unexpected hazards during rehabilitation and reconstruction of the road and the bridges. Mr. Turakhonov Sharifkhon 1. There are no specific environmental issues, but would like to see a copy of the LARP before works commence Head of Staffof Baljuvon 2. Where possible roadside trees should be kept. District Mr. Sangov Ahror 1. Positive impacts will be less noise and dust and better access for cars, not just 4x4 vehicles. Head of the department of 2. The project will contribute into comprehensive improvement of youth, sport and tourism. accessibility between Baljuvon and Khovaling including further Baljuvon District development of tourism.

Mr. Temirov Nurali. 1. Construction impacts in this road section would be generation of noise and dust from civil works which are temporary and of short duration. Head of the Road Qualitatively, the beneficial impacts from the project will outweigh the Maintenance Facility, Baljuvon temporary disturbance during construction. District 2. Adequate set of environmental and related management plans will be developed and applied during the construction and operation stages of the Project. All these plans included into the EMP should be clearly bound into construction and supervision contracts 3. Comprehensive environmental quality monitoring standards will be applied and, including best international practices followed

2. Consultations with local community and local Government representatives

291. Consultations with Mayor of Timurmalik Regional Hukumat, head of Jamoats, community members have been conducted during feasibility studies of the proposed Kangurt-Baljuvan road for preparation of this IEE report. Discussions were held with the local people and Government representatives about potential impacts of the project and mitigation measures based on other ADB funded projects in the region. Mass consultations with the local people were held at Kangurt village and Baljuvan public conference ground on 01 November 2017 to let the local people know about the project activities to be carried out and their potential environmental impacts during construction. It

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was disseminated to them that project road development will be done within the right of way of the existing road. No cutting trees is generally expected. Only in some small sections trees can be replanted to other roadsides. Also, people may experience disturbances temporarily for movement during construction period.

292. The project will take all necessary measures to minimize the disturbances by adopting alternative access roads, keeping open the access to the houses and local roads, etc. Minutes of the meetings were signed by the local people. It was disseminated that EMP and monitoring program will be implemented during construction period to avoid/mitigate any potential impacts on air and water quality, disturbance of flora and fauna, improper waste disposal etc. It was also informed the people that they will have every right submit grievance/observation/opinion to the Grievance Redress Committee. A total of 37 people were present the Kangurt (see Figure 24) and 37 people at Baljuvan public conference hall. The consultation meetings were facilitated by Mr. Mirzoev Eraj, Deputy Executive Director of PIU, Coordinator of environmental and social safeguards in PIU. Among others, Ms. Ahmadbekova Guldavlat, Road Engineer, responsible for environmental issues in PIURR, PIU, Mr. Mahmadaliev Sherali, Social & resettlement Specialist, PIU, Abdurahmanov Saidkabir, Leading Specialist of PIU and Kh. Khairul Matin, Social Development and Resettlement Specialist, SMEC were present in the meetings. Minutes of the meeting with attendance sheet is attached in Appendix-E.

Figure 24 Meeting in Kangurt Section

3. Grievance Mechanism 3.1 Grievance mechanism

293. Complaints and grievances received will be addressed through the following steps and actions:

Complaints will be lodged at the Jamoat level, where all the relevant representatives (land and environmental specialists, Deputy jamoat chairperson, responsible for gender policy, Jamoat Resource Center representatives), representatives of the affected households and MOT representative, will attempt to resolve the issue. A standard grievance registration form was prepared and given for comments and perusal to Hukumats and Jamoats officials. Each complaint will be registered, signed by the affected person and a ______IEE of Kangurt - Baljuvon - Khovaling Road Rehabilitation, May 2018 Page 113

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representative of the Grievance Redress Committee, and the receipt of the complaint given to the affected person. The period fixed for resolution of complaints is 14 calendar days the latest. If the complaint is not addressed at Jamoat level, Affected Person will apply to the district level LAR Committee/Working Group for solution. The LARC should invite MOT/PIU representative once they have registered the complaint. Similar to Jamoat level, the complaint will be applied to the register and all the complaints from the Aps recorded. The period for resolution of a complaint is 16 calendar days. If no solution is reached within 16 days, the affected person can submit her/his case to the appropriate court of law, with all costs paid for by the project.

294. A grievance redress mechanism is presented by Figure 25.

Figure 25: Schematic Presentation of the Grievance Redress Mechanism

295. It is recommended that the templates and example environmental non-compliance and GRM registers provide in ADB Manual of Monitoring are utilized for this project.

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IX. CONCLUSIONS

296. The Impact Assessment has been conducted in accordance with National legislative requirements and to the requirement of the Asian Development Bank in terms of the Environmental Safeguard requirements.

297. A wide range of potential effects were identified, with a focus on community and worker health and safety, followed by protection of water resources.

298. Based on the mitigation measures set out in the assessment process being fully implemented the project has two positive residual significant effects, these being reduced journey times, and improved access to facilities for local people and potential local employment during the construction phase. Two adverse residual significant effects were identified, these both are at a Low Significance level and are risk of low level contamination of water courses from storm water run-off and noise issues during operational phase if speed of vehicles is not effectively managed.

299. Based on the assessed design, the results of the IEE process indicate that the project has a limited risk of causing significant environmental and there are no substantive environmental reasons for the project not to proceed.

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APPENDIX- A: HYDROLOGY REPORT FOR BRIDGES

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1. Kangurt Baljuvan Khovaling road

1.1. Introduction The hydrological studies were carried out for the reconstruction of Kangurt-Baljuvan-Khovaling road and consisted in determining the maximum water discharge of all types of bridges and culverts. Technical and financial viability of the bridge hinges upon proper estimation of the design flood and requires extensive analysis of the available data and use of appropriate models/techniques as per acceptable engineering practices. The design flood can be estimated with the help of either analyzing historical data of instantaneous peak discharge where such data is available or by using long term rainfall data by developing synthesized hydrograph through one of the unit hydrograph techniques. The availability of discharge data and rainfall data is discussed in the following sections. 1.2. Location The road with the length of 42.5 km runs along the hilly terrain of the South Tajik lowlands at elevations of 800-1000 m above sea level along the right-bank of the Kyzylsu-southern River. Hydrologically, the investigated basin belongs to the Pyanj River basin. The location of the road is shown in Figure 1-1.

1.3. Watershed Characteristics The investigated area is located in the northern part of the South Tajik lowlands. The terrain is hilly, but at the same time sufficiently divided by numerous dry logs and streams. The territory is covered with a thick layer of loam, the surface of which is well-seeded, poorly eroded, and overgrown with dense grassy vegetation. There is agriculture land available in some part of the basin. The area is slightly moistened by precipitation, with up to 90% of the precipitation occurring during the winter-spring period, but the daily maximum precipitation is quite high. The slopes of the basins are steep in the upper and middle parts, rocky and strongly dissected by numerous short tributaries, denudation funnels and cuts. Sharp fluctuations in air temperatures cause intensive destruction of rocks, which led to the covering of the basins with a cover of detrital material. Slide-rocks often descend to river beds and their numerous permanent and temporary tributaries. The lower parts of the slopes are designed and take the form of typical foothills with a smooth relief. The hydrographic network in river basins is well developed and is represented by both perennial streams and numerous dry channels of temporary tributaries. The road with the length of 42.5 km crosses 6 permanent watercourses by 6 bridges. At the same time, two bridges cross the same watercourse, and one watercourse crosses a culvert. The catchment area of the crossed watercourses varies from 1159 km2 (bridge No. 5 across Shurobdar River) to 24.1 km2 (Mulkol River, where the culvert is located). The hydrographic characteristics of these watercourses are shown in Table 1.

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Figure 1: Location of the bridges for Kangurt-Baljuvan-Khovaling road

Culvert

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Table 1: Characteristics of rivers in the crossing of the road

No. of Length Watershed, Slope the River Basin (km) (km2) (%) bridge

The right tributary of 1 Toirsu 22 142.07 47 Kyzylsu River

Obishirin The leftt tributary of 2 13.5 45.53 48 (Chorshakhabulak) Toirsu River Obishirin The leftt tributary of 3 13.45 45.31 48 (Chorshakhabulak) Toirsu River The right tributary of 4 Mulkol 8.2 24.13 31.31 Kyzylsu River The right tributary of 4 Talkhak 30.59 153.71 46 Kyzylsu River The upper reaches 5 Shurobdara 82.91 1159 26 of Kyzylsu River. The left tributary of 6 Obimazor 62 406.5 25 Kyzylsu River

1.1.1. Bridge No.1 on Toirsu River River is originating at the crest part of the southeastern part of Vakhsh ridge slope, which is one of the sections of the main watershed of Vakhsh and Pyanj rivers. The road crosses the river in its upper course, below the mouth of its large-left-bank tributary Obishirin (Chorshahabulak) and upper the right-bank of Shulyuktu. The river flows in a typical gorge embedded between Vakhsh ridge and its spur. The bed of the river is well developed, composed of boulder-pebble material. The slopes of the ridge are steep, rocky and strongly dissected by numerous short tributaries, denudation funnels and cuts. The basin of the river is covered with detrital material cover due to the intensive destruction of rocks. The existing bridge in Kangurt (Bridge 1) of 2x20m without bank protection was built in 1971. Due to the intermediate stream flow support, which prevents the passage of the mudflow mass, the stream breaks into 2 branches, pressing against the banks, despite the straightness of the stream. The banks under the influence of the water flow are subject to erosion and collapse. At right bank, upstream of the bridge, local market and dwelling are present is more sloping bank and flooded with high-water floods. Below the bridge is sloping left bank and is also subject to periodic flooding. Intermediate support from rectangular bars on a natural foundation, which is denuded ~ 2 m.

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SRTM 90m DEM has been utilized for determination of watershed characteristics. On the basis of 90 m DEM, the elevation in the watershed varies from 969 m at bridge site to 1868 m. Mean elevation (AVEL) is 1421.38 m. The basin slope (BS) is 0.3273 m/m whereas max stream slope (MSS) is 0.0462 m/m as shown in Figure 2

Figure 2: DEM for bridge No.1 on Toirsu River

1.1.2. Bridge No.2 on Obishirin River Obishirin (Chorshahabulak) and Mulkol rivers flow between two major floodplains of Toirsu and Talkhak in similar orographic conditions. The road crosses Obishirin River twice with a difference of 1.5 km. The valleys of rivers are V-shaped, the slopes are relatively steep, and their surface is represented by a thick layer of sandy loamy deposits, covered with vegetation. The river valleys are flat and are occupied by residential buildings and agricultural lands. The riverbed is shallowly cut into the bottom of the valley, variable in width, meandering, moving from one slope to the next. The shores are subject to destruction under the influence of the water flow. The riverbeds are composed of boulder-pebble material, on expanded areas forming ridge deposits. ______IEE of Kangurt - Baljuvon - Khovaling Road Rehabilitation, May 2017 Page A- 5

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The road crosses Obishirin River twice. Bridge No. 2 (downstream) according to the scheme of 1x15 m, built in 1978, is located just behind the bend of the river. On the bend, in the immediate vicinity of the bridge, a powerful island formed upstream, dividing the stream into two channels. The main stream flows at the left bank, where the main destruction of the coast occurred. In the middle of the spring water is flows at the right channel. Downstream of the bridge, a single, relatively straight creek is flowing with a tendency to push the stream to the right bank. Here on both sides is the village of the same name, whose inhabitants planted the banks of the river with trees to prevent their buildings from flooding by flood waters. In recent years, the most powerful flooding took place in year 1991, when flood water poured from the banks. The bed is also subject to erosion. On the basis of 90 m DEM, the elevation in the watershed varies from 881 m at bridge site to 1576 m. Mean elevation (AVEL) is 1251.86 m. The basin slope (BS) is 0.2348 m/m whereas max stream slope (MSS) is 0.0415 m/m as shown in Figure 4. The second bridge (No.3) is located upstream of Bridge No.2 at 0+600 RD of road. Elevation in the watershed varies from 885 m at bridge site to 1576 m. Mean elevation (AVEL) is 1134.89 m. The basin slope (BS) is 0.2881 m/m whereas max stream slope (MSS) is 0.0294 m/m as shown in Figure 3.

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Figure 4: DEM for bridge No.2 on Obishirin River

1.1.3. Bridge No.3 on Obishirin River The road cross Obishirin River by bridge No.3 just after passing Darak Town, and before passing right bank of Obishirin River. The river along the road flows in a single channel of variable width (8-20 m) with steep erosion banks. The existing structure is built is single span of 1x15 m. Presently, there is no bank protection along the bridge, despite the fact that there is prominent scour around its banks and are eroded. Even foundations of bridge abutments are washed away and there is about a gap of about 1 m is formed. Downstream of the bridge, the river turns almost at a right angle, increases water level at bridge due to backwater affect. On the basis of 90 m DEM, Elevation in the watershed of Mulkol River varies from 874 m at the site of culvert to 1130 m. as shown in Figure 5.

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Figure 5: DEM for culvert on Mulkol River

1.1.4. Bridge No.4 on Talkhak River Talkhak River originates in the southern spurs of the Vakhsh Range, in its central part. In the upper and middle parts of the watershed area, there are significant numbers of permanent streams that contribute runoff in the Talkhak River. Bridge No. 4 is three span (3x15 m) is located on a rectilinear site and crosses the river before entering Baljuvan. The riverbed is flat with low, sometimes steep banks. Presently, there is no bank protection along the bridge, despite the fact that there is prominent scour around its banks and are eroded. The river has substantial load of sediment with flow, due to which sediments has accumulated in the center of the bridge and flow mainly passes at the left and right side of abutments. On the basis of 90 m DEM, the elevation in the watershed varies from 916 m at bridge site to 2320 m. Mean elevation (AVEL) is 1571.62 m. The basin slope (BS) is 0.0.456 m/m whereas max stream slope (MSS) is 0.0294 m/m. Map is shown in Figure 6.

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Figure 6: DEM for bridge No.4 on Talkhak River

1.1.5 Bridge No.5 on Shurobdara River Shurobdara River is one the main creek of the Talkhak River that originates from Archatuk Pass. The river flows in the direction of south west. In the upper reaches the river flows in a narrow, poorly developed valley. The riverbed and floodplain of the river are deeply embedded in the bottom of the valley and the canal often branches into sleeves. The road crosses the river above the inflow of a large left-bank tributary - Obimazor River and the right bank - Talkhak River. The main water content of the river is created by numerous tributaries of the mountain part of the basin, feeding on abundant spring waters. Bridge No. 5 with a total length of 191m (9 spans) crosses the river on a wide floodplain. Due to the large wandering waterway, the main stream is currently concentrated near the right bank, adversely affecting it during flood season. In the end right-bank span is laid artificial channel for the diversion of water for irrigation of land. On the basis of 90 m DEM, the elevation in the watershed varies from 923 m at bridge site to 3098 m. Mean elevation (AVEL) is 1838.74 m. The basin slope (BS) is 0.3127 m/m whereas max stream slope (MSS) is 0.0222 m/m. The watershed map is shown in Figure 7.

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Figure 7: DEM for bridge No.5 on Shurobdara River

1.1.6 Bridge No.6 on Obimazor River After passing the bridge on Shurobdara River the road descends into the floodplain of Obimazor River and passes along right bank. The road crosses Obimazor River at KM 23+000 Total length of the bridge is 134 meter with a significant skew on the part of the stream wandering up to 300 m wide. The bridge on the right bank blocked the main flow direction of the long dam, which is constantly destroyed during the floods. Due to the tendency of the aspiration of the stream to the right bank, the left-bank spans during floods basically are out of operation. To protect against erosion located above the bridge of the dam in the right-bank span, a self-made dam was built, but it only reduced water-carrying capacity of the bridge. Despite the considerable length, the bridge is not able to pass flood water, as can be seen from the characteristic traces on the bridge (even the perimeter fences on the upper side of the bridge is damaged). This is due to the fact that in the left-bank of the bridge deposited sediments preventing the passage of the flow. On the basis of 90 m DEM, the elevation in the watershed varies from 954 m at bridge site to 2473 m. Mean elevation (AVEL) is 1659.90 m. The basin slope (BS) is 0.1969 m/m whereas max stream slope (MSS) is 0.0245 m/m. The watershed map is shown in Figure 8.

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CAREC Corridors 3 and 5 Enhancement Project: Contract for Engineering, Works Supervision and Project Management Services Grant 0356-TAJ ______

Figure 8: DEM for bridge No.6 on Obimazor River

1.2. Hydrological Regime of the rivers The main factor determining the water regime of rivers is the nature of the feed, which is determined by the magnitude and seasonal distribution of precipitation, air temperature and other climatic factors. The rivers in the basin can be categorized as rainfall-snow rivers as per standard classification. The runoff is generated from rainfall as well as melting of snow. Studies of these rivers document diurnal cycle. First peak is observed from end of January to the middle of March. Due to the relatively low altitude of the catchment area, the duration of high water on such rivers is not long - 110-160 days. The largest annual runoffs are mainly in April-May (less often in March, June). Mostly these peak floods are originated from rainfall are very frequent. The duration of these floods is short-term but produces lot of havoc with flood and destructive mudflow. The power of the mud flows, not only, depends ______IEE of Kangurt - Baljuvon - Khovaling Road Rehabilitation, May 2017 Page A- 11

CAREC Corridors 3 and 5 Enhancement Project: Contract for Engineering, Works Supervision and Project Management Services Grant 0356-TAJ ______on the amount and intensity of the precipitation, as well as on the presence in the basin of a readily mobile and easily washable loamy material involved in the flow. The hydrograph of peak floods includes contribution with rainfall along with base flow of the river. The rivers normally has low flood from June and continues until next season. Runoffs during this period are not subject to significant fluctuations and are favorable for construction. Ice formations in the form of coasts are observed almost every year, from December to February, their duration ranges from 0-40 days. On periodically operating logs and cuts, the flow period is limited by the period of snowmelt and rainfall.

1.3. Data availability and collection There are sufficient number of flow gauges maintaining long time flow data measurement. The maximum daily instantaneous flow of more than 35 years is recorded as shown in Table 2. Table 2: Observed flow data in the region Hydrographical characteristics Number of years of observations Sr. No River-Gauge Catchmen Length Slope, of the t area km2 , km / maximum runoff Kizilsu- 1 1790 87 23 35 Babakhanshaid 2 Toirsu-Shakhbur 57 460 23 39 Yakhsu- 3 1440 90 28 51 Karboztonak

During the period of 1980 to 88, flow gauging station at Khonako on River Obimazor River (lower reach) had been operated. Although, observations were carried out only for the river level. The gauge was closed because of constantly occurring channel deformations, as a result of which the levels are not comparable. A flow gauge is available at Yakhsu River near Karboztonak. The data of this gauge is transformed to Obimazor River as both basin have similar topographical and climatic conditions and the difference in the catchment areas is less than 10 times. Hydrological gauge on Kyzylsu River at Babakhanshaid estimates the runoff from the mountainous catchment area, so its observations can be used in calculations of the maximum runoff in section line of Bridge No. 5 across Shurobdara River. Hydrological gauge on Toirsu River near Shahbur is located in the middle part of the catchment area. From the bridge section to the hydrological gauge, the river does not take

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CAREC Corridors 3 and 5 Enhancement Project: Contract for Engineering, Works Supervision and Project Management Services Grant 0356-TAJ ______significant tributaries and in this area there is a partial loss of flow, so its observations cannot be used in calculating the maximum runoff in the bridge section line.

1.4. Determination of the maximum runoff Various methods have been adopted for the estimation of maximum runoff. The runoff for bridge No. 1 to bridge No. 4 is estimated using rainfall runoff modeling. An empirical method (standard practice in Tajikistan) used for the runoff estimation. One day annual maximum rainfall in this region is observed is 83 mm and is used for runoff estimation. The calculation for these four bridges is shown in Appendix 1 to 3. The estimated design flood for 50 years and 33 years is shown in Table 3. Table 3: Flood Estimation for various return period (Bridges Nos. 1 to 4) Design Flood No. of Watershed Area (m3/sec) the Bridge on River 2 bridge Km 50 Year 33 Year

1 Toirsu 142.07 235 199

2 Obishirin (Chorshakhabulak) 45.53 175 146

3 Obishirin (Chorshakhabulak) 45.31 175 146

Mulkol 24.13 42.6 38.4

4 Talkhak 153.71 141 122

For Bridge No. 5 across Shurobdara River, design flood was estimated on the basis of long-term observations at Kyzylsu River gauge at Babakhanshshaid , located 11 km below the bridge section line. Kyzylsu River that lies in the same mountainous region, analytical distribution method is used for the estimation of flood for 20 and 50 year return period and shown below

3 50 вear return perioН flooН (2% ВП) - 850 m /s; 3 20 вear return perioН flooН (5% ВП) – 710 m /s The recommended formula for carrying the maximum water discharge of rainfall flood from the gauge to the bridge section line is:

/ / n Q = Q (F :F )

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n 1/3 1/4 The value of n for Kyzylsu River is calculated from formula: Q = F B I

Where; F-catchment area, km2 B- width of the river, km

I- river slope, /

2 With the initial data: F=1790 km ; =Қ7λ0μ87=қ0,6 km; I=23 / n 2%=0,66; n 5%=0,64 Proceeding from the obtained values, the calculated maximum water discharge in Shurobdara River in the section line of the bridge:

0,66 3 0,64 3 Q2% = 850(Ққ00 μ Қ7λ0) = 652 m /s; Q5% = 7Қ0(Ққ00 μ Қ7λ0) = 550 m /s

For Obimazor River design discharges are calculated by several methods. That includes; Analogy method Data of Yahsu River at Karboztonak has been used for analog method: қ0 вear return perioН ПlooН ( 5% ) – 1250 m3/s 33 вear return perioН ПlooН (3% ) - 1500 m3/s; 50 вear return perioН ПlooН (қ% ) - 1750 m3/s; The basic formula for determining discharges by analog method is as follow:

n 1/3 1/4 n 1/3 1/4 Q = Q(F B I ) μ (F B I )

The index of the degree of reduction in the vigor of the flood of Yakhsu River is calculated similar to the previous calculation.

2 As F=1440 km ; =Қ440μλ0=Қ6 km; I=28 /

n 2%=0,79; n 3%=0,76; n 5%=0,74 0,79 3 Q2% = Қ7500,қ85 0,677 = 440 m /s 0,76 3 Q3% = Қ5000,қ85 0,677 = 3λҚ m /s 0,74 3 Q5% = Ққ500,қ85 0,677 = 334 m /s

The comparison of the modules for the maximum discharge of Obimazor and Yakhsu rivers showed a lower value in Obimazor, which indicates a lowering of the received discharge, since for undistorted mode the flow modules increase with decreasing area. For the rivers of the Amu Darya basin, based on the results of field observations, a methodology has been developed for determining the maximum floods of rivers that have not been studied, taking into account the demarcation of the area, depending on the type

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CAREC Corridors 3 and 5 Enhancement Project: Contract for Engineering, Works Supervision and Project Management Services Grant 0356-TAJ ______of dependence of the discharge characteristics of the water beyond the height of the basin and, as a consequence, the prevailing feeding factors of the river. The average long-term value of the maximum modulus of runoff is determined by the formula: 0.55 2 average.max. = [0.325 haverage.μ (1.λ3Δ + 0.04 √ h.)] + А μ F l/s s1 km

haverage – layer of runoff in high water, mm. It is determined by the dependence on the average height of the catchment area; where;

Δ – root-mean-square deviation of heights, km; А μ F0.55 – average long-term value of rain surcharge; А – parameter that takes into account the features of the structure of river basins; F – catchment area, km2. The coefficient of variation of the maximum annual water discharge is recommended by the formula:

0.33 0.1 СV = В μ (average F ) – parameter, recommended depending on the geographic location of the catchment area; Where;

average – average height of the catchment area, km.

The ratio of the asymmetry МoeППiМient oП tСe maбimum аater Пloа S to the coefficient of variation is also adopted depending on the geographical location of the catchment area. With the initial data of Obimazor River

2 :F=411 km ; average=1,88 km; haverage=550 mm; Δ=0.53; А=Ққ680; =Қ.Қ 3 3 3 Q2%=ққ8қ,қ4=5ҚҚ m / Q3%=ққ8қ,Қ4=488 m /s Q5%=ққ8Қ.λқ=438 m /s The above results are taken as calculated for the bridge across Obimazor River.

1.5. Estimation of mudflow Mudflow activity is widespread in the study area. The accumulation of loamy material moves with water pressure greatly increases the flow of water passing in the streams. The maximum discharges of mudflows of rain origin are calculated by the formula: 3 Qc= QВΨQmm /s

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Q – discharge of liquid runoff, m3/s ΨQ– coefficient of solid flow The calculation of the discharge rate of liquid runoff (the maximum rainwater discharge) is based on the maximum flow intensity formula applicable for mountain areas: 3 Q% = q1%φ1%А m /s

q1% - maбimum runoПП moНulus = Қ%, eбpresseН in proНuМeН ПraМtions φ1% =Қ. Determined by the recommended annex for the territory of Tajikistan, depending on the

СвНromorpСometriМ МСaraМteristiМs oП tСe МСannel oП tСe аaterМourse Ф, duration of slope runoПП τ.

1% - maximum daily precipitation layer, the probability oП eбМeeНinР =Қ%, mm. φ – coefficient of flood flow, determined depending on the soil and vegetation complex of the catchment area and the maximum daily precipitation. – the transition coefficient of maximum water discharge from the probability of exceeding 1% to another probability, determined by the recommended application. – coefficient that takes into account the reduction in the maximum water discharge due to the natural regulation of the catchment area, for example, by lakes, swamps. For our reРion, = Қ, in tСe absenМe oП ПaМtors tСat aППeМt tСe НeМrease in tСe maбimum аater discharge rate. А – catchment area, km2 Hydro morphometric characteristic of the riverbed is determined by the formula: 1/3 1/4 1/4 Ф= 1000L : mI А (φ1%)

L – length of watercourse, km; m – the coefficient, depending on the riverbed roughness, is determined by the application in accordance with the visual estimate of the riverbed.

I – average slope watercourse, % The quantitative estimate of the increase in the liquid component of the mudflow is calculated by the formula:

ψQ = (1 + βQ) : (1- βQ)

Q – coefficient of solid flow (or coefficient of mudflow);

βQ– alluvial-to-water ratio at peak flood;

– the porosity of solid materials entering the flow (the ratio of the volume of voids to the volume of grains);

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– water saturation of rocks of solid materials before they are washed away.

Due to tСe laМk oП ПielН Нata on tСe reМommenНation, tСe proНuМtion is taken to be 0.4.

βQ = 0,24 + 0,λ6 βw≤ 1,5 βw

βw – averaged during the time of flood alluvial-to-water ratio

βw = mmіmp

m– the coefficient characterizing the thickness of the foci subject to washing out in the basin is НetermineН НepenНinР on tСe НeРree oП erosion oП tСe basin , mі- coefficient characterizing the deviation of the watercourse

Coefficients m, mі are determined from the empirical formulas, as standard practice in Tajikisitan. mp– coefficient that takes into account the probability of exceeding the flood. The estimated values of the maximum flood of the investigated rivers at the bridge sections is given in Table 4. Table 4: Maximum Flood on the bridge sections

Hydrographical No. of Flood, m3/s characteristics the River 2 length, slope, Bridge Area, km 2% 5% km / 1 Toirsu 142.07 22 22 235 2,3 Obishirin 45.53 13.5 24 175 Mulkol 24.13 8.2 34 42.6 4 Talkhak 153.71 30.59 16 141 5 Shurobdara 1159 82.91 31 653 550 6 and Obimazor 406.52 62 30 511 438 road TСe НesiРn ПlooН oП 5% (НesiРn ПlooН) is Рiven onlв Пor rivers, аСere tСe аiНtС oП tСe widening belt exceeds 200 m and during the high water the flow focuses on the width of the stable channel. The width of the stable channel is formed by the flood of 5% .

1.6. Hydraulics Analysis The design of a new bridge or rehabilitation of an existing bridge across river requires hydraulic analysis to determine the flow parameters and behavior to the bridge axis and along a reach upstream and downstream of the bridge where flow parameters are

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CAREC Corridors 3 and 5 Enhancement Project: Contract for Engineering, Works Supervision and Project Management Services Grant 0356-TAJ ______expected to be influenced by the bridge. The hydraulic analysis and design involves following steps:

Computation of water surface profile along the reach for design flood to establish the flood conditions with and without the bridge

Determination of highest flood level (HFL) and flow velocities along the reach and at the bridge axis

Computation of scour depth at the bridge axis and along the proposed training works

Layout and design of river training works to smoothly guide the flow into the bridge site.

Design of protection works for bridge abutments, piers and guide banks

1.6.1. Hydraulic Analysis for the bridge at Obimazor River This bridge is the most problematic. First of all, when the bridge was located, it was necessary to take into account the aspiration of the water flow to the right bank, and not to cover the main direction with dams to take the main load from the water flow, the pale of the supports created an obstacle for the passage of solid material. A new bridge is needed here, and first of all, with a change in its location to avoid oblique intersection. In order to avoid costly regulatory dams, which are constantly destroyed, it is desirable to cover the entire zone of river wandering belt with spans of at least 30m. Unfortunately, the bridge is subject to reconstruction. In this case, in addition to strengthening the flow control abutments, it is desirable on the right bank, where the stream tends to the right bank, to construct a spur to redirect the main channel. In this case, the length of the spur, the angle of its inclination should be such that the flow is directed to the center, and not to the opposite bank, where a situation similar to the current one can be created.

1.6.2 Waterway and velocity On wandering rivers with a considerable width of the river spill, a channel of steady width is formed, where the main part of the water flow is concentrated. At the same time, due to the attraction of a considerable amount of solid riverbed material by the flow, the main riverbed can be formed both on one shore, and at the center or at the opposite bank. The width of a stable watercourse is determined by the formula: 0,5 0,2 В. = А (Q . :i )

With a channel-ПorminР Пloа rate oП 5% , equal to 438 m3/s, the longitudinal slope of the river is 0.013 and A = 1.0 (for a foothill area with eroded banks): ______IEE of Kangurt - Baljuvon - Khovaling Road Rehabilitation, May 2017 Page A- 18

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0,5 0,2 В. = 1,0 (438 . : 0,013 ) = 50 m

This value is confirmed by the materials of the field survey. It is considered that on the width of the stable channel may be concentrated from 80 to 100% of the calculated flow. Taking into account the existing situation on the bridge section, with further hydraulic calculations, 100% of the design discharge rate is calculated on the width of the stable channel. Under such conditions, the depth of the stream under the bridge will be 2.53 m at a flow veloМitв oП 4.04 m/s, anН қ% (50 вear return perioН ) аill Сave a mark oП λ46.70. To confirm the obtained values, is prepared calculation of the possible backwater during proportional spreading of the flow along the whole width of the bridge hole and its concentration on the width of the stable riverbed. Taking into account the oblique intersection, the waterway of the bridge is 103m, while the entire waterway is operating, the depth of the stream will be 1.64 m at a flow velocity of 3.02 m/s. At this depth, only 248 m3/ s pass through the width of 50 m, and the measure of the constraint of the flow: 511: 248 = 2.06 as shown in Table 5. Table 5: Waterway and velocity

Flow Design Min. Bed H.F.L. Waterway (m) velocity Discharge (m3/s) Level (m) (m) (m/s) 50 511 944.19 4.04 946.70

103 511 944.19 3.02 945.83

1.6.2. Scour Calculations The foundation level of a hydraulic structure and design of protection works are dependent on the maximum predicted scour corresponding to the design flood. Backwater (m) defined by the formula: 2 2 Δh = к (V - V. ):2g 2 = Қ+(V:V) (μ√Fr :i)

V – average flow velocity under the bridge, m / s V - average flow velocity under the bridge in common condition, m/s V - average flow velocity over the entire section of the unrestricted flow, m/s Fr μi – dimensionless parameter of an unrestricted flow Fr = Vқ μ (Рδ.) ______IEE of Kangurt - Baljuvon - Khovaling Road Rehabilitation, May 2017 Page A- 19

CAREC Corridors 3 and 5 Enhancement Project: Contract for Engineering, Works Supervision and Project Management Services Grant 0356-TAJ ______g – acceleration of gravity; δ. – estimated width of the flood, adopted at two-sided constraint half of the full width of the flood, m i – longitudinal slope of the water surface of an unrestricted flow – МoeППiМient, aНopteН НepenНinР on tСe measure oП tСe Мonstraint oП tСe Пloа anН Fr μi 2 Fr :i = 3.02 μ (λ,8Қ Қ03 0.0Қ3) = 0.6λ =0.74

Since the erosion that occurs during runoff reduces the amount of backwater, the calculation takes into account the deepening of the channel during the passage of the flood. When calculating by recommendation, 50% of the erosion is taken into account. Deep erosion during the passage of the peak of flooding stops when the flow rates and dynamic equilibrium are equal. On this condition, a formula is derived for calculating the depth of self-erosion during the passage of the flood. The movement of sediments in the mudflows is more intense and the average velocity of dynamic equilibrium is higher than in tСe аater streams. TСe inМrease in tСis rate is taken into aММount bв tСe МoeППiМient , depending on the volumetric weight of the mudflow mass.

= (q μ βψ)

– average flow depth at design water discharge rate, m; q – specific discharge (per 1 m of the width of the live section of the flow), m3/s; = 4.7 Н0.қ8, Н - average diameter of channel sediments, m; β – coefficient depending on the probability of flood excess – the index of the degree of reduction of the erosion in depth, is determined from the table, depending on the mean diameter, Flow rate passing through the eroded part of the effective cross section:

Q=Q:(1+кμк)

– the flow characteristics of the unwashed and diffuse parts of the section, equal to С2/3.

In scour part of flow section: hm=Қ,64+0,6қ=қ,қ6 m m= 2,26 50= 113 2 m Vm = 511:113 =4,52 m/s 2/3 2/3 m= ҚҚ3қ,қ6 = Қλ5 = (169-ҚҚ3)Қ,64 = 77,9 3 Qm= 511:(1+77,9:195) = 365 m /s 511:365 = 1,40 V = 365:113 = 3,23 m/s = Қ+( 3,0қμ3,қ3)2(0,74μ√0,6λ) = Қ,78

2 2 Δh = Қ,78 (4,5қ – 3,23 ):19,6 = 0,91 m ______IEE of Kangurt - Baljuvon - Khovaling Road Rehabilitation, May 2017 Page A- 20

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Filling under the bridge will be 1.64 + 0.91 = 2.55 m, which confirms the results obtained above. For regulating dams with slopes of 1:1.5, the filling is also calculated taking into account the concentration of the design flow on the width of the stable channel. The depth will be 2.51m at a flow rate of 3.93 m/s. Depth after self-wash: = (5ҚҚμ53,7μқ.0λμ0.λ7μҚ.қ7)0.77 = қ.74 m Δ =қ.74-2,51=0.23 m, Calculation of the depth of local erosion is carried out according to the formula of S.T. Altunina:

Δ= -

– the greatest depth after erosion, m;

– depth of flow on approach to the structure, m;

= С

– coefficient of local erosion, is determined by the formula: 2 к С = 1μ √ 1+m │ 6 (VSINα μVψ) + SINα (m – 6) │+ 1

m – gradient of discharge slope, V – maximum flow velocity, m / s; V – erosive velocity for this soil, m/s, V = 0,64 (Н)Қ/4;Н in mm α – flow approach angle to structure; – degree, = Қμ (Қ+), where = Қμ (қ+)

d– average diameter of channel sediments

Ψ - coefficient taking into account the mudflow character. It is accepted depending on the volumetric weight of the mudflow mass.

1/4 With the initial data: = 2,51 m V = 3,93 m/s V= 0,64 (2,51 55) = 2,19 m/s = 1:2,51 = 0,22 К = ҚμҚ,ққ = 0,8қ α = Қ0SINα = 0.174 m = 1,5 Ψ = Қ,қ7 = Қμ√ Қ+Қ,52│6 (3,λ3 0.Қ74 μқ,Қλ μ Қ,қ7) 0,82 + 0.Қ74 (Қ,5 – 6)│+ Қ = 1,62

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= Қ,6қ қ,5Қ = 4,07 m Δ = 4,07 – 2,51 = 1,56 m. Taking into account self-wash: 1,56 +0,23 = 1.80 m

SМour НeptС values Пor tСe proposeН briНРes аas also МalМulateН usinР δaМeв‘s Пormula.

As per δaМeв‘s metСoН, tСe sМour НeptС Пormula isμ

R 9.0 q2 / f ) 3/1

where: R = scour depth below flow surface (ft) q = flow intensity (ft3/s/ft)

1/2 П = δaМeв‘s silt ПaМtor = Қ.76 (Н50)

The value of maximum local scour (D) below minimum river bed is determined by:

D = xR - dm

where: dm = mean flow depth (ft) x= mean multiplying factor for various locations around structures

Scour depth computed estimated using Lacey Formula is about 1.78 m as shown in Table 6.

Table 6: Scour Depth Calculation using Lacey Formula Description Symbol/Formula Unit Hydraulic Data

Discharge Q des Cusecs 18,038

Lacey's Silt Factor F - 4.00 Top Width TW ft 492.13 Dicsharge Intensity w.r.t TW Q cusec/ft 36.65 2 1/3 Lacey's normal scour depth R =0.9(q /f) ft 7.06 Safety Factor X 2.00 Scour Depth from HFL xR Ft 14.13 M 4.31 Depth of Water D m 2.53 Scour Depth Below Bed Level m 1.78 Width Of Apron (1.5*Scour) m 2.67

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1.7. Flood Protection Measure Protection works for the proposed bridge have been designed keeping in view the following points: To smoothly guide the flow into and out of the structure To protect the abutments from swirling flows and excessive scour To prevent the river from out flanking bridge waterway To keep the river channel in stable position and direction so that the river approach remains normal to the bridge axis as far as possible

1.7.1 Launching Apron

Length of launching stone apron has been taken as 1.5 times the scour below bed and size of stone has been computed using the Isbash Curve Chart No. 712-1 of Hydraulic Design Criteria by USBR. Stone density is taken as 165 lbs/ft3 and the apron has been launched at a slope of 1:3 (V: H) to calculate the thickness of the launching apron. The calculated parameters are given in Table 7. below. Table 7: Calculation for the thickness of launching Apron

Hydraulic Description Symbol/Formula Unit Calculations Thickness of pitching t=0.06Q1/3 m 0.47 Scour Below Bed D=xR-d m 1.77 Factor for length of Apron X 1.50 Length of Apron W m 2.66 Thickness of launched Apron t'=1.5t m 0.45 Slope of launched Apron a=1V:aH 3.00 Volume of stone required in launched 3 apron Va=(√12+a2)*1.5t*D m 2.57 Thickness of unlaunched Apron T=Va/W m 1

To bank protection of the road, which runs along the Obimazor floodplain, in accordance with the standards, further calculations should be carried out on 33-year return period ______IEE of Kangurt - Baljuvon - Khovaling Road Rehabilitation, May 2017 Page A- 23

CAREC Corridors 3 and 5 Enhancement Project: Contract for Engineering, Works Supervision and Project Management Services Grant 0356-TAJ ______flood. Since the section of the road passes between 2 bridges, calculated for floods of 2% (50 вear return perioН), Пor tСe bank proteМtion are also taken НesiРn қ% (50 вear return perioН) , anН tСe maбimum Пloа rate oП 3% (33 вear return perioН) oП tСe sliРСtlв НiППers Пrom tСe Пloа oП қ% oП (50 вear return perioН). It is reМommenНeН to proviНe adequate protection along the road to protect it from flood waters. At the same time, the bed filling is 2.51 m with an average flow velocity of 3.93 m/s and a depth of erosion of 1.8 m.

Compiled by: Harlamova Nina and Saleem Sarvar:

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APPENDIX- B Forest Agency Letter

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Un-official translation

THE FOREST AGENCY UNDER THE GOVERNMENT

OF THE REPUBLIC OF TAJIKISTAN

To the executive Director of the Project Implementation Unit for Road Rehabilitation Mr. Arabzoda N.

To: No. 484 From 10.05.2018

The Forest Agency under the Government of the Republic of Tajikistan Refers to your request on providing the information about the existing of the wildlife sanctuaries and their belongings equal in the territory of the Kangurt – Baljuvon – Khovaling is is considered and we would like to inform you that there are no any wildlife sanctuaries or similarities in the Kangurt - Balchuvon-Khovaling road.

Director A. Ismatzoda

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APPENDIX- C: AQUATIC BIOLOGY REPORT

Report

of the Scientific Research Study of the Current State of the Hydrophauna of the Surkhob River Tributaries of the Pyanj River Basin within the projected Kangurt-Baldjuvan-Khovaling Road.

The Surkhob River originates near the village of Baljuvan after the confluence of tributaries of the Talhak River, Obimazor, Mukal, Shurabdarya. The most abundant among these tributaries is the Obimazor and Shurabdarya rivers.

In the lower reaches of the Surkhob River basin there are 9 species of fish, three of them: ordinary marinka, Samarkand temple, Turkestan barbel have commercial value, and in the upstream tributaries there are 5 species 2 of which the ordinary marinka, Samarkand temple, are commercial and the three remaining species belong to the fishing non-target species are Turkestan catfish, combs and Tibetan char. It should be noted that the Turkestan sommer is an endemic species of mountain rivers in Tajikistan and Central Asia.

Common marinka, Snowtrout -Shizotorax intermedius McCleland is an aboriginal species of the local ichthyofauna of the mountain and sub- mountain rivers of Tajikistan. In the Surkhob River basin, it is mainly found above the Temurmalik village of the Temurmalik district and in all the tributaries of the upper reaches of the Surkhob River. Spawning of an ordinary marinka takes place in March-April after the release of 2-3 months, the larvae keep instead of spawning and then slide down the rivers and spread throughout the basin and places with good feeding conditions. The rate of growth of ordinary marinka in the Shurabdarya, Obimazor, Mulkal and other tributaries is low. We caught specimens of ordinary marinka have a length of 16.1 to 23.4 cm on average 20.0 cm. The weight of the caught fish marinoks ranged from 35 to 200 grams on average 120

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Photo 1: Common marinka

The basis of the food of ordinary marinka in the upper tributaries of the Surkhob river is fouling, detritus from insects, caddis flies, footworms and insects falling into the water.

The gas regime in the tributaries of rivers is favorable for the survival and survival of aquatic organisms and fish. According to data (Ahrorova, 1999), the amount of dissolved oxygen in water varies from 6.10 mg / L in September to 10.7 mg / L in June. 12 species of benthic animals were recorded in the Surkhob River; Shurobdara-5, in the river Obimazor-8. in Shurabdarya there are 6 species. The highest water vegetation is almost absent with the exception of some bays and caves where in places grows reed and sedge. Vegetative and animal components in the tributaries of the Surkhob River are very poor in view of the stony-pebble bottom of rivers and high turbidity of the water.

Samarkand khramulya -Varicorhinus capoeta heratensis natio (Stein). This species occurs in all tributaries of the upper reaches of the Surkhob River in the river. Khovaling, Tira, Shurabdarya, Obimazor, Talkhak and down to the confluence of the Pyanj River. Spawning of Samarkand temple in these rivers takes place in May-June. Unlike the marinka, the larvae of the temples in the warm-water rivers spend the winter and in the next year in the stage of the year-old they roll down. The length of the Samarkand samuruli caught by us in the tributaries of the Surkhob River has a length of 16.5 to 22.2 cm on average 19.5 cm, with an average weight of 30 to 115 g. 50 g. Silt, detritus and sediment are used for food.

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Photo 2: Samarkand khramulya

Turkestan catfish - Glypthosternum reticulatum Mc Cleland. Low-value commercial fish. It occurs in the Surkhob River basin in its tributaries Khovaling and Tira. It leads a bottom way of life. The size of the Turkestan catfish in the tributaries of the river ranges from 8.0 to 8.0 cm on average 13.0 cm with a weight of 25 to 110 g., using the organisms of bottom sediments. In the tributary of Shurabdarya it is very rare.

Photo 3. Turkestan catfish

Weed-laying fish in the tributaries of the Shurabdarya are represented by the following species: the scalloped char, the Tibetan char, which is a representative of the local ichthyofauna.

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CAREC Corridors 3 and 5 Enhancement Project: Contract for Engineering, Works Supervision and Project Management Services Grant 0356-TAJ ______

Eastern crested loach, Loach - Nemachilus malaptherurus longicauda Kessler / Cretaceous char around the Surkhob River Basin is found in the tributaries of the River Thira and Obimazor. For feeding and searching for food, it enters the Surkhob River and descends on it to the village. Temurmalik below this zone the crested loach was not found by us. The length of the crested loach varies from 7.0 to 17.5 cm and weighs from 9.2 to 32 g., the spawning of the crested loach takes place in May-June.

Photo 4. Eastern crested loach

Tibetan stone loach -Nemachilus stoliczkai Steindachner. As well as the combed loach occurs in the tributaries of Obimazor, Tira, Hovaling. The length of the body of the Tibetan char is between 8 and 14 cm, with a weight of 10 to 25 g. spawns at the end of May to mid-June. Food Tibetan char in the tributaries of the rivers are water and air insects, mostly footworms, vesnyanki, larvae of dragonflies and other organisms.

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CAREC Corridors 3 and 5 Enhancement Project: Contract for Engineering, Works Supervision and Project Management Services Grant 0356-TAJ ______

Photo 5. Tibetan stone loach

In conclusion, it should be noted that the ichthyofauna of the tributaries of the upper reaches of the Surkhob River as well as Shurobdara, Obimazor as other mountain rivers in Tajikistan is not very rich in species. In the plains there are from 5 to 9 species in the upper sections of 3-4 species of fish. Species composition and fodder base of fish in these tributaries in the spring period suffer greatly from mudflows.

The construction of the highway Kangurt-Baljuvan-Khovaling in the area of tributaries of Shurabdarya in no way affects the composition and abundance of the aquatic biology of the named tributaries.

Expert on the study of the hydro fauna of the reservoirs of South- West Tajikistan

Senior Researcher of AS RT doc. b. s H. Amirkulov

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APPENDIX-D: ENVIRONMENTAL SETTING

The following section provides a summary of the existing conditions, both illustrative and descriptive, along the route to enable the reader to understand the general environmental setting of the project.

Photo-1: Beginning of the intersection Vose-Khovaling road Photo-2: The beginning of road commences in an area to Baljuvan occupied by agricultural activities and pastureland.

Photo-3: This photo illustrates the current condition on the Photo-4: This photo illustrates the current condition on the road – km35 road

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Photo-5: Wild trees in both side of the road – km30

Photo-6: Bridge number one Photo-7: Part of existing road goes through riverbed

Photo-8: Part of existing road goes through riverbed Photo-9: Second bridge

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CAREC Corridors 3 and 5 Enhancement Project: Contract for Engineering, Works Supervision and Project Management Services Grant 0356-TAJ ______

Photo-10: Second Bridge Photo-11: The bridge in exit of Baljuvon center of district

Photo-12: Road condition on Baljuvon – Kangurt pat of the Photo-13: Road condition on Baljuvon – Kangurt pat of the project – km20 project

Photo-14: Condition of existing bridge near of Kangurt – Photo-15: Bridges in Kangurt km 3

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CAREC Corridors 3 and 5 Enhancement Project: Contract for Engineering, Works Supervision and Project Management Services Grant 0356-TAJ ______

APPENDIX- E: MINUTES OF THE PUBLIC CONSULTATIONS MEETING WITH ATTENDANCE SHEET

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CAREC Corridors 3 and 5 Enhancement Project: Contract for Engineering, Works Supervision and Project Management Services Grant 0356-TAJ ______

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CAREC Corridors 3 and 5 Enhancement Project: Contract for Engineering, Works Supervision and Project Management Services Grant 0356-TAJ ______

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CAREC Corridors 3 and 5 Enhancement Project: Contract for Engineering, Works Supervision and Project Management Services Grant 0356-TAJ ______

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CAREC Corridors 3 and 5 Enhancement Project: Contract for Engineering, Works Supervision and Project Management Services Grant 0356-TAJ ______

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