The Effect of Vitamin Supplementation on Subclinical
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Dispensing of Vitamin Products by Retail Pharmacies in South Africa: Implications for Dietitians
South African Journal of Clinical Nutrition 2016; 29(4):133–138 http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/16070658.2016.1219468 SAJCN ISSN 1607-0658 EISSN 2221-1268 Open Access article distributed under the terms of the © 2016 The Author(s) Creative Commons License [CC BY-NC 3.0] http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0 RESEARCH Dispensing of vitamin products by retail pharmacies in South Africa: Implications for dietitians Ilse Trutera* and Liana Steenkampb a Department of Pharmacy, Drug Utilisation Research Unit (DURU), Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, Port Elizabeth, South Africa b HIV & AIDS Research Unit, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, Port Elizabeth, South Africa *Corresponding author, email: [email protected] Objective: The objective of this study was to analyse the dispensing patterns of vitamins (Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical (ATC) group A11) over a one-year period in a group of community pharmacies in South Africa. Design and setting: A retrospective drug utilisation study was conducted on community pharmacy electronic dispensing records in South Africa recorded in 2013. Outcome measures: All products for ATC subgroup A11 were extracted and analysed. Results: A total of 164 233 vitamin products were dispensed to 84 805 patients (62.64% female patients). Males received on average 2.09 (SD = 2.63) vitamin products per year, compared to 1.84 (SD = 2.13) products for females. Ergocalciferol (A11CC01) was the most often dispensed (37.48% of all vitamin products), followed by plain Vitamin B-complex products (A11EA00) accounting for 32.77%. Ergocalciferol (vitamin D2) is only available on prescription (50 000 IU tablets or 50 000 IU/ml oily drops) in South Africa. -
Control of Interstitial Pneumonia by Drip Infusion of Megadose Vitamin C, Dehydroepiandrosterone and Cortisol
in vivo 22 : 263-268 (2008) Short Review Control of Interstitial Pneumonia by Drip Infusion of Megadose Vitamin C, Dehydroepiandrosterone and Cortisol. A Short Review of our Experience MITSUO KODAMA 1, ATSUSHI OYAMA 2 and HIROSHI TAKAGI 3 1Kodama Research Institute of Preventive Medicine, 2Hikarigaoka Clinic, and 3Second Department of Surgery, Nagoya University School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan Abstract. Interstitial pneumonia can be controlled by the granulatory tissue (1). The interstitial tissues are also combined use of a prophylactic antibiotic system and the drip involved in the site of granulation (1). All these descriptions infusion system including megadose vitamin C, dehydro- are in good agreement with the pathological changes of epiandrosterone (D) and cortisol (F), a fortified substitute of 3 interstitial pneumonia (2). In the treatment section, adrenocortical elements. The response of patients was satisfying Heilmeyer warned of the possible emergence of antibiotic with few side-effects of F. It was shown that an excess of resistance in local bacteria (1). Eventually, cortisone and vitamin C improved the therapeutic efficacy of D-F complex, adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) could be tried under and that D and F improved the immunodeficient state of the the antibiotic protection (1). Above all, attention should be host. The benefit of D as an adrenal androgen in immunology directed to the control of both the heart and the general found another example in the combined use of cyclosporine A circulation system (1). With the use of cortisone and ACTH, (CS) and glucocorticoid (G) in the kidney transplantation Heilmeyer might have been inspired by the opinion of a clinic: CS and G helps improve graft take by creating a state of group of researchers that his chronic pneumonia might androgen excess, as testified in both humans and mice – an respond to a beneficial action of glucocorticoid, as is the alleviation of immune conflict. -
(12) Patent Application Publication (10) Pub. No.: US 2013/0034530 A1 Fantz (43) Pub
US 2013 0034530A1 (19) United States (12) Patent Application Publication (10) Pub. No.: US 2013/0034530 A1 Fantz (43) Pub. Date: Feb. 7, 2013 (54) DIETARY SUPPLEMENT COGNITIVE (52) U.S. Cl. ....................................... 424/94.2; 424/643 SUPPORT SYSTEM (57) ABSTRACT (75) Inventor: David Robert Fantz, Denver, CO (US) The present invention relates to a nutritional Supplement composition, comprising a therapeutically effective amounts of Vitamin C, Vitamin D3. Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vita (73) Assignee: David R. Fantz, Denver, CO (US) min B6, Folic acid, Vitamin B12, Pantothenic acid, Calcium, Magnesium, Zinc, Chromium, Sugar, Protein, Acetyl-L-Car (21) Appl. No.: 13/456,287 nitine, Dimethylaminoethanol complex, Phosphatidylserine complex, L-Glutamine, N-Acetyl-L-Tyrosine, L-Phenylala nine, Taurine, Methionine, Valine, Isoleucine, 5 Hydrox (22) Filed: Apr. 26, 2012 ytryptophan, L-Taurine, N-Acetyl-Tyrosine, N-Acetyl-L- Cysteine, Alpha Lipoic Acid, Alpha Related U.S. Application Data Glycerylphosphoricholine complex, Bacopa Monnieri extract, Gingko Biloba extract, Passion flower, Lemon Balm, (60) Provisional application No. 61/480.372, filed on Apr. Gotu Kola, Ashwagandha, Choline Bitartrate complex, Panax 29, 2011. Ginseng extract, Turmeric, Organic freeze dried fruit juice blends (concord grape, red raspberry, pineapple, cranberry, Publication Classification acai, pomegranate, acerola cherry, bilberry, lingonberry, black currant, aronia, Sour cherry, black raspberry), Organic (51) Int. Cl. freeze dried greens blends (barley grass, broccoli, beet, car A6 IK33/30 (2006.01) rot, alfalfa, oat), and Protein digestive enzyme blends (Pro A6IP3/02 (2006.01) tease 4.5, peptidase, bromelain, protease 6.0, protease 3.0, L A6IP 25/00 (2006.01) planatrum, B bifidum) in a mixture to provide optimal cog A6 IK38/54 (2006.01) nitive function. -
(12) Patent Application Publication (10) Pub. No.: US 2006/0110449 A1 Lorber Et Al
US 200601 10449A1 (19) United States (12) Patent Application Publication (10) Pub. No.: US 2006/0110449 A1 LOrber et al. (43) Pub. Date: May 25, 2006 (54) PHARMACEUTICAL COMPOSITION Publication Classification (76) Inventors: Richard R. Lorber, Scotch Plains, NJ (US); Heribert W. Staudinger, Union, (51) Int. Cl. NJ (US); Robert E. Ward, Summit, NJ A6II 3/473 (2006.01) (US) A6II 3L/24 (2006.01) Correspondence Address: A6IR 9/20 (2006.01) SCHERING-PLOUGH CORPORATION (52) U.S. Cl. ........................... 424/464; 514/290: 514/540 PATENT DEPARTMENT (K-6-1, 1990) 2000 GALLOPNG HILL ROAD KENILWORTH, NJ 07033-0530 (US) (57) ABSTRACT (21) Appl. No.: 11/257,348 (22) Filed: Oct. 24, 2005 The present invention relates to formulations useful for Related U.S. Application Data treating respiratory disorders associated with the production of mucus glycoprotein, skin disorders, and allergic conjunc (60) Provisional application No. 60/622,507, filed on Oct. tivitis while substantially reducing adverse effects associ 27, 2004. Provisional application No. 60/621,783, ated with the administration of non-selective anti-cholin filed on Oct. 25, 2004. ergic agents and methods of use thereof. US 2006/01 10449 A1 May 25, 2006 PHARMACEUTICAL COMPOSITION example, Weinstein and Weinstein (U.S. Pat. No. 6,086,914) describe methods of treating allergic rhinitis using an anti CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED cholinergic agent with a limited capacity to pass across lipid APPLICATION membranes, such as the blood-brain barrier, in combination with an antihistamine that is limited in both sedating and 0001. This application claims benefit of priority to U.S. -
An Overview of Biosynthesis Pathways – Inspiration for Pharmaceutical and Agrochemical Discovery
An Overview of Biosynthesis Pathways – Inspiration for Pharmaceutical and Agrochemical Discovery Alan C. Spivey [email protected] 19th Oct 2019 Lessons in Synthesis - Azadirachtin • Azadirachtin is a potent insect anti-feedant from the Indian neem tree: – exact biogenesis unknown but certainly via steroid modification: O MeO C OAc O 2 H O OH O H O OH 12 O O C 11 O 14 OH oxidative 8 O H 7 cleavage highly hindered C-C bond HO OH AcO OH AcO OH for synthesis! H H of C ring H MeO2C O AcO H tirucallol azadirachtanin A azadirachtin (cf. lanosterol) (a limanoid = tetra-nor-triterpenoid) – Intense synhtetic efforts by the groups of Nicolaou, Watanabe, Ley and others since structural elucidation in 1987. –1st total synthesis achieved in 2007 by Ley following 22 yrs of effort – ~40 researchers and over 100 person-years of research! – 64-step synthesis – Veitch Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2007, 46, 7629 (DOI) & Veitch Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2007, 46, 7633 (DOI) – Review ‘The azadirachtin story’ see: Veitch Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2008, 47, 9402 (DOI) Format & Scope of Presentation • Metabolism & Biosynthesis – some definitions, 1° & 2° metabolites • Shikimate Metabolites – photosynthesis & glycolysis → shikimate formation → shikimate metabolites – Glyphosate – a non-selective herbicide • Alkaloids – acetylCoA & the citric acid cycle → -amino acids → alkaloids – Opioids – powerful pain killers • Fatty Acids and Polyketides –acetylCoA → malonylCoA → fatty acids, prostaglandins, polyketides, macrolide antibiotics – NSAIDs – anti-inflammatory’s • Isoprenoids/terpenes -
Optimal Foods
Optimal Foods 1. Almonds: high in monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fats, with 20% of calories coming from protein and dietary fiber. Nutrients include potassium, magnesium, calcium, iron, zinc, vitamin E and an antioxidant flavonoid called amygdlin also known as laetrile. 2. Barley: Like oat bran it is high in beta-glucan fiber which helps to lower cholesterol. Nutrients include copper, magnesium, phosphorous and niacin. 3. Berries : The darker the berry the higher in anti-oxidants. Nutritionally they are an excellent source of flavonoids, especially anthocyanidins, vitamin C and both soluble and insoluble fiber. 4. Brussels Sprouts : Similar to broccoli, and a member of the cabbage family, it contains cancer fighting glucosinolates. Nutritionally it is an excellent source of vitamin C and K, the B vitamins, beta-carotene, potassium and dietary fiber. 5. Carrots: It contains the highest source of proviatamin A carotenes as well as vitamin K, biotin, vitamin C, B6, potassium, thiamine and fiber. 6. Dark Chocolate: It is rich in the flavonoids, similar to those found in berries and apples, that are more easily absorbed than in other foods. It also provides an amino acid called arginine that helps blood vessels to dilate hence regulating blood flow and helping to lower blood pressure. Choose high-quality semisweet dark chocolate with the highest cocoa content that appeals to your taste buds. 7. Dark leafy greens : Kale, arugula, spinach, mustard greens, chard, collards, etc: low calorie, anti-oxidant dense food with carotenes, vitamin C, folic acid, manganese, copper, vitamin E, copper, vitamin B6, potassium, calcium, iron and dietary fiber. Kale is a particularly excellent bioavailable source of calcium while spinach is not. -
The Role of Nutritional Therapies in the Care Of
© Michael Ash BSc DO ND F.DipION 2010 4/29/2010 'The role of Nutritional Therapy in the care of individuals with cardiovascular related problems' Michael Ash BSc (Hons) DO ND F DipION mBANT NTCC Osteopath Naturopath Nutritional Therapist Researcher Author Nutritional Therapy • A Functional Medicine approach to optimise outcomes, ease of engagement and compliance. • 8 Practical strategies & how to avoid common pitfalls. • Interaction of the immune system with the heart. • GastroCentric Perspective. • How food selection can provide a multi faceted benefit. • Supplements of benefit. 1 © Michael Ash BSc DO ND F.DipION 2010 4/29/2010 Client Overview Goals Determine their aims and outcomes – the purpose of the plan is to support the patients goals with evidence based strategies Identify realistic goals, obtain agreement that these are achievable and describe plan ASSESMENT ANTECEDENTS TRIGGERS Medical history review and systems analysis assess the: MEDIATORS Antecedents: Sex, Age, Genetics, Lifestyle, Experiences, Trauma, Childhood, Stress, etc. Triggers: Events that initiate illness or symptoms – stress, infection, environmental toxins, food. etc. – look to see if they can be removed or controlled Mediators: Cytokines, prostaglandins, free radicals, neurotransmitters, fear, personal value, behavioural conditioning, poverty, etc. Evolutionary Nutritional Therapy • In physiology, foetal nutritional stress appears to flip an evolved switch that sets the body into a state that protects against starvation. • When these individuals encounter modern diets, they respond with the deadly metabolic syndrome of obesity, hypertension, and diabetes. • Barker DJ, Eriksson JG, Forsén T, Osmond C.Fetal origins of adult disease: strength of effects and biological basis. Int J Epidemiol. 2002 Dec;31(6):1235-9. -
Toxicological and Pharmacological Profile of Amanita Muscaria (L.) Lam
Pharmacia 67(4): 317–323 DOI 10.3897/pharmacia.67.e56112 Review Article Toxicological and pharmacological profile of Amanita muscaria (L.) Lam. – a new rising opportunity for biomedicine Maria Voynova1, Aleksandar Shkondrov2, Magdalena Kondeva-Burdina1, Ilina Krasteva2 1 Laboratory of Drug metabolism and drug toxicity, Department “Pharmacology, Pharmacotherapy and Toxicology”, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Sofia, Bulgaria 2 Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Sofia, Bulgaria Corresponding author: Magdalena Kondeva-Burdina ([email protected]) Received 2 July 2020 ♦ Accepted 19 August 2020 ♦ Published 26 November 2020 Citation: Voynova M, Shkondrov A, Kondeva-Burdina M, Krasteva I (2020) Toxicological and pharmacological profile of Amanita muscaria (L.) Lam. – a new rising opportunity for biomedicine. Pharmacia 67(4): 317–323. https://doi.org/10.3897/pharmacia.67. e56112 Abstract Amanita muscaria, commonly known as fly agaric, is a basidiomycete. Its main psychoactive constituents are ibotenic acid and mus- cimol, both involved in ‘pantherina-muscaria’ poisoning syndrome. The rising pharmacological and toxicological interest based on lots of contradictive opinions concerning the use of Amanita muscaria extracts’ neuroprotective role against some neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson’s and Alzheimer’s, its potent role in the treatment of cerebral ischaemia and other socially significant health conditions gave the basis for this review. Facts about Amanita muscaria’s morphology, chemical content, toxicological and pharmacological characteristics and usage from ancient times to present-day’s opportunities in modern medicine are presented. Keywords Amanita muscaria, muscimol, ibotenic acid Introduction rica, the genus had an ancestral origin in the Siberian-Be- ringian region in the Tertiary period (Geml et al. -
The Efficacy of Pantothenic Acid As a Modifier of Body Composition in a Porcine Model of Obesity Development
Iowa State University Capstones, Theses and Retrospective Theses and Dissertations Dissertations 1-1-2004 The efficacy of pantothenic acid as a modifier of body composition in a porcine model of obesity development Carey Ann Baldwin Iowa State University Follow this and additional works at: https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/rtd Recommended Citation Baldwin, Carey Ann, "The efficacy of pantothenic acid as a modifier of body composition in a porcine model of obesity development" (2004). Retrospective Theses and Dissertations. 20349. https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/rtd/20349 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Iowa State University Capstones, Theses and Dissertations at Iowa State University Digital Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Retrospective Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Iowa State University Digital Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. The efficacy of pantothenic acid as a modifier of body composition in a porcine model of obesity development by Carey Ann Baldwin A thesis submitted to the graduate faculty in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE Major: Animal Nutrition Program of Study Committee: Tim Stahly, Major Professor Paul Flakoll Chad Stahl Iowa State University Ames, Iowa 2004 Copyright© Carey Ann Baldwin, 2004. All rights reserved. 11 Graduate College Iowa State University This is to certify that the master's thesis of Carey Ann Baldwin has met the thesis requirements of Iowa State University Signatures have been redacted for privacy 111 TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Vl ABSTRACT Vll CHAPTER 1. GENERAL INTRODUCTION 1 Introduction 1 Thesis Organization 2 Literature Cited 2 CHAPTER 2. -
DRIDIETARY REFERENCE INTAKES Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin
Dietary Reference Intakes for Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Folate, Vitamin B12, Pantothenic Acid, Biotin, and Choline http://www.nap.edu/catalog/6015.html DIETARY REFERENCE INTAKES DRI FOR Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Folate, Vitamin B12, Pantothenic Acid, Biotin, and Choline A Report of the Standing Committee on the Scientific Evaluation of Dietary Reference Intakes and its Panel on Folate, Other B Vitamins, and Choline and Subcommittee on Upper Reference Levels of Nutrients Food and Nutrition Board Institute of Medicine NATIONAL ACADEMY PRESS Washington, D.C. Copyright © National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved. Dietary Reference Intakes for Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Folate, Vitamin B12, Pantothenic Acid, Biotin, and Choline http://www.nap.edu/catalog/6015.html NATIONAL ACADEMY PRESS • 2101 Constitution Avenue, N.W. • Washington, DC 20418 NOTICE: The project that is the subject of this report was approved by the Governing Board of the National Research Council, whose members are drawn from the councils of the National Academy of Sciences, the National Academy of Engineering, and the Institute of Medicine. The members of the committee responsible for the report were chosen for their special competences and with regard for appropriate balance. This project was funded by the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services Office of Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Contract No. 282-96-0033, T01; the National Institutes of Health Office of Nutrition Supplements, Contract No. N01-OD-4-2139, T024, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Chronic Disease Preven- tion and Health Promotion, Division of Nutrition and Physical Activity; Health Canada; the Institute of Medicine; and the Dietary Reference Intakes Corporate Donors’ Fund. -
All There Is to C • Vitamin C and Health the Vitamin C Essentials • Getting Your Vitamin C
Overview • Journey at C: Vitamin C in the Body All There is to C • Vitamin C and Health The vitamin C essentials • Getting Your Vitamin C Alexander Michels PhD • Vitamin C Myths Linus Pauling Institute Oregon State University May 11th, 2015 Journey at C Journey at C Vitamin C is Ascorbic Acid Vitamin C in the Small Intestine Ascorbic acid is vitamin C by definition: Only sources of ascorbic acid can cure scurvy. Image Source: Wikimedia Commons Extra vitamin C beyond the transport capacity passes through to the large intestine and may be lost Sodium-dependent Vitamin C Journey at C Transporters (SVCTs) Journey at C Vitamin C Intestinal Absorption Absorption and Vitamin C Transporters Ascorbic Acid Dehydroascorbic Acid (Oxidized form of Ascorbic Acid) Glucose Transporters (GLUTs) Remember: There is a limit to vitamin C absorption! 1 Note: Tissue ascorbic acid levels on this slide are hypothetical, but are driven by plasma vitamin C levels. As plasma levels increase, different tissues increase vitamin C Journey at C levels at different rates. The brain is given priority at low Journey at C vitamin C levels, while less essential organs are saturated Vitamin C in Tissues with vitamin C only at higher blood ascorbic acid levels. Vitamin C from Circulation to Tissues Plasma levels peak about 2 hours after a single dose. Vitamin C is transported into tissues when plasma levels rise. From Michels et al. Ann Rev Nutr 33 (2013) Vitamin C levels decline in the Journey at C plasma once kidney reuptake is Journey at C saturated, which also means that Vitamin C Urinary Excretion more passes through to the urine. -
B-COMPLEX FORTE with VITAMIN C CAPSULES BECOSULES Capsules
For the use only of a Registered Medical Practitioner or a Hospital or a Laboratory. B-COMPLEX FORTE WITH VITAMIN C CAPSULES BECOSULES Capsules 1. NAME OF THE MEDICINAL PRODUCT BECOSULES 2. QUALITATIVE AND QUANTITATIVE COMPOSITION Each capsule contains: Thiamine Mononitrate I.P. 10 mg Riboflavin I.P. 10 mg Pyridoxine Hydrochloride I.P. 3 mg Vitamin B12 I.P. ( as STABLETS 1:100) 15 mcg Niacinamide I.P. 100 mg Calcium Pantothenate I.P. 50 mg Folic Acid I.P. 1.5 mg Biotin U.S.P. 100 mcg Ascorbic Acid I.P. (as coated) 150 mg Appropriate overages added For Therapeutic Use For a full list of excipients, see section 6.1. All strengths/presentations mentioned in this document might not be available in the market. 3. PHARMACOLOGICAL FORM Capsules 4. CLINICAL PARTICULARS 4.1 Therapeutic Indications Trademark Proprietor: Pfizer Products Inc. USA Licensed User: Pfizer Limited, India BECOSULES Capsules Page 1 of 7 LPDBCC092017 PfLEET Number: 2017-0033507 Becosules capsules are indicated in the treatment of patients with deficiencies of, or increased requirement for, vitamin B-complex, and vitamin C. Such patients and conditions include: Decreased intake because of restricted or unbalanced diet as in anorexia, diabetes mellitus, obesity and alcoholism. Reduced availability during treatment with antimicrobials which alter normal intestinal flora, in prolonged diarrhea and in chronic gastro-intestinal disorders. Increased requirements due to increased metabolic rate as in fever and tissue wasting, e.g. febrile illness, acute or chronic infections, surgery, burns and fractures. Stomatitis, glossitis, cheilosis, paraesthesias, neuralgia and dermatitis. Micronutrient deficiencies during pregnancy or lactation.