DOCSLIB.ORG

Nursery Biosecurity Protocols 2

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Nursery Biosecurity Protocols 2 Dundreggan Biosecurity Protocols Imported plants No imported plants will be brought into the nursery, any trees required for planting sites on the estate which have not been grown on the nursery will be delivered directly to site from the supplying nursery. Guidelines related to planting native species and supply of planting stock will be adhered to Rationale for tree species grown Trees for Life has historically grown relatively small quantities of a wide range of native tree species at its nursery at Plodda lodge. The acquisition of Dundreggan estate and the subsequent sale of Plodda has created more space for nursery development along with a greater demand to supply planting schemes on the estate. This expansion has coincided with a significant increase in pathogens effecting both native & non-native tree species in the UK. This has required TfL to carefully consider which tree species to grow in its nursery. The most significant diseases effecting native tree species are: Dothisroma Needle Blight (DNB) on Scots Pine Pinus sylvestris Chalara fraxina or Ash Dieback on Ash Fraxina excelsior Phytophthora austrocedrae on Juniper Juniperus communis To remove the risk of spreading 2 of the headline diseaseʼs we will not grow Scotʼs Pine Pinus sylvestris or Ash Fraxinus excelsior. As well as currently growing juniper both from seed and cuttings we have a significant population of juniper growing on the estate. We are keeping a close eye on developments in relation to juniper and are keen to take an active role in the conservation of this biodiversity action plan species. At the present time we will continue to grow juniper and this highlights the need to be rigorous in our biosecurity procedures. We will regularly review the situation with regard to Phytophthora austrocedrae and implement any necessary changes promptly. As well as the range of common native tree species grown we are intending to specialise in montane species and are currently growing Dwarf birch Betula nana as well as small quantities of montane willow species which is an area we are keen to expand. We have also built up considerable experience in the propagation of Aspen Populus tremula cuttings from root collections and are working closely with the Highland Aspen Group to continue and develop new methods of increasing productivity on a very wide range of Aspen clones. Seed & cutting collection We will endeavour to collect seed and cuttings from healthy parent plants in areas where there are no known disease issues. Record keeping Comprehensive records of trees produced on the nursery from seed (or cutting) collection to final dispatch along with a systematic labelling system will be maintained. Forest Reproductive Material (FRM) Regulations will continue to be adhered to. Hygiene Good hygiene will be practised to prevent the spread of pests and diseases: • Tools and machinery are cleaned at the end of each day. • Boots are washed at the start and end of each day working in the nursery – soapy water in footbaths is provided. • Any pots and trays which are to be re-used are disinfected before re-use. • Plant debris is removed promptly from the plant growing areas. • Gloves used for work in the nursery are kept and washed on the nursery, and not used for other estate work. • Vehicles only enter the nursery site when necessary, and if they are clean of mud and plant debris. Plant Husbandry Good plant husbandry will be used to avoid plant stress and plant vulnerability to pests and diseases whenever possible, e.g. • Monitoring fertiliser and watering regimes to avoid nutrient deficiency and under or over watering. • Avoiding prolonged leaf wetness by not using overhead irrigation late in the day. • Adequate ventilation of polytunnels. • Careful handling of bare-root trees to avoid damage and desiccation. Water Management Good water management to help prevent the spread of plant pathogens will include: • Not using recycled water. • All water storage tanks are covered. • Regular cleaning of tanks and irrigation lines. • Good drainage on plant standing areas and nursery beds. Waste All organic waste from the nursery is composted according to FERAʼs Code of Practice for Horticultural Waste (Paragraph 14a Treatment of Solid Waste: Composting) which minimises the risk of transmitting plant pathogens and pests when plant material is re-used. Monitoring Staff receive up-to-date information on the symptoms of tree diseases so that stock can be monitored and any problems identified early. .
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Western Juniper Woodlands of the Pacific Northwest
    Western Juniper Woodlands (of the Pacific Northwest) Science Assessment October 6, 1994 Lee E. Eddleman Professor, Rangeland Resources Oregon State University Corvallis, Oregon Patricia M. Miller Assistant Professor Courtesy Rangeland Resources Oregon State University Corvallis, Oregon Richard F. Miller Professor, Rangeland Resources Eastern Oregon Agricultural Research Center Burns, Oregon Patricia L. Dysart Graduate Research Assistant Rangeland Resources Oregon State University Corvallis, Oregon TABLE OF CONTENTS Page EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ........................................... i WESTERN JUNIPER (Juniperus occidentalis Hook. ssp. occidentalis) WOODLANDS. ................................................. 1 Introduction ................................................ 1 Current Status.............................................. 2 Distribution of Western Juniper............................ 2 Holocene Changes in Western Juniper Woodlands ................. 4 Introduction ........................................... 4 Prehistoric Expansion of Juniper .......................... 4 Historic Expansion of Juniper ............................. 6 Conclusions .......................................... 9 Biology of Western Juniper.................................... 11 Physiological Ecology of Western Juniper and Associated Species ...................................... 17 Introduction ........................................... 17 Western Juniper — Patterns in Biomass Allocation............ 17 Western Juniper — Allocation Patterns of Carbon and
    [Show full text]
  • Western Juniper Field Guide: Asking the Right Questions to Select Appropriate Management Actions
    Western Juniper Field Guide: Asking the Right Questions to Select Appropriate Management Actions Circular 1321 U.S. Department of the Interior U.S. Geological Survey Cover: Photograph taken by Richard F. Miller. Western Juniper Field Guide: Asking the Right Questions to Select Appropriate Management Actions By R.F. Miller, Oregon State University, J.D. Bates, T.J. Svejcar, F.B. Pierson, U.S. Department of Agriculture, and L.E. Eddleman, Oregon State University This is contribution number 01 of the Sagebrush Steppe Treatment Evaluation Project (SageSTEP), supported by funds from the U.S. Joint Fire Science Program. Partial support for this guide was provided by U.S. Geological Survey Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center. Circular 1321 U.S. Department of the Interior U.S. Geological Survey U.S. Department of the Interior DIRK KEMPTHORNE, Secretary U.S. Geological Survey Mark D. Myers, Director U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia: 2007 For product and ordering information: World Wide Web: http://www.usgs.gov/pubprod Telephone: 1-888-ASK-USGS For more information on the USGS--the Federal source for science about the Earth, its natural and living resources, natural hazards, and the environment: World Wide Web: http://www.usgs.gov Telephone: 1-888-ASK-USGS Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. Although this report is in the public domain, permission must be secured from the individual copyright owners to reproduce any copyrighted materials con- tained within this report. Suggested citation: Miller, R.F., Bates, J.D., Svejcar, T.J., Pierson, F.B., and Eddleman, L.E., 2007, Western Juniper Field Guide: Asking the Right Questions to Select Appropriate Management Actions: U.S.
    [Show full text]
  • Common Conifers in New Mexico Landscapes
    Ornamental Horticulture Common Conifers in New Mexico Landscapes Bob Cain, Extension Forest Entomologist One-Seed Juniper (Juniperus monosperma) Description: One-seed juniper grows 20-30 feet high and is multistemmed. Its leaves are scalelike with finely toothed margins. One-seed cones are 1/4-1/2 inch long berrylike structures with a reddish brown to bluish hue. The cones or “berries” mature in one year and occur only on female trees. Male trees produce Alligator Juniper (Juniperus deppeana) pollen and appear brown in the late winter and spring compared to female trees. Description: The alligator juniper can grow up to 65 feet tall, and may grow to 5 feet in diameter. It resembles the one-seed juniper with its 1/4-1/2 inch long, berrylike structures and typical juniper foliage. Its most distinguishing feature is its bark, which is divided into squares that resemble alligator skin. Other Characteristics: • Ranges throughout the semiarid regions of the southern two-thirds of New Mexico, southeastern and central Arizona, and south into Mexico. Other Characteristics: • An American Forestry Association Champion • Scattered distribution through the southern recently burned in Tonto National Forest, Arizona. Rockies (mostly Arizona and New Mexico) It was 29 feet 7 inches in circumference, 57 feet • Usually a bushy appearance tall, and had a 57-foot crown. • Likes semiarid, rocky slopes • If cut down, this juniper can sprout from the stump. Uses: Uses: • Birds use the berries of the one-seed juniper as a • Alligator juniper is valuable to wildlife, but has source of winter food, while wildlife browse its only localized commercial value.
    [Show full text]
  • Juniper Mistletoe Minor Effects on Junipers
    Juniper Mistletoe Minor effects on junipers Pathogen—Juniper mistletoe (Phoradendron juniperinum) is the only member of the true mistletoes that occurs within the Rocky Mountain Region (fig. 1). Hosts—Within the Rocky Mountain Region, juniper mistletoe is found in the pinyon-juniper woodlands of southwestern Colorado (fig. 2) and can infect all of the juniper species that occur there. Signs and Symptoms—Juniper mistletoe plants are generally densely branched in a spherical pattern and are green to yellow-green (fig. 3). Unlike most true mistletoes that have obvious leaves, juniper mistletoe leaves are greatly reduced, making the plants look similar to, but somewhat larger than, dwarf mistletoes. However, no dwarf mistletoes infect junipers in the Rocky Mountain Region. Disease Cycle—Juniper mistletoe plants are either male or female. The female’s berries are spread by birds that feed on them. As a re- sult, this mistletoe is often found where birds prefer to perch—on the tops of taller trees (fig. 1), near water sources, etc. When the seeds germinate, they penetrate the branch of the host tree. In the branch, the mistletoe forms a root-like structure that is used to gather water and minerals. The plant then produces aerial shoots that produce food Figure 1. Juniper mistletoe plants on one-seed juniper through photosynthesis. in Mesa Verde National Park. Photo: USDA Forest Service. Figure 2. Distribution of juniper mistletoe in the Rocky Mountain Region Figure 3. Closeup of juniper mistletoe on juniper branch. Photo: Robert (from Hawksworth and Scharpf 1981). Mathiasen, Northern Arizona University. Impacts—Impacts associated with juniper mistletoe are generally minor.
    [Show full text]
  • Wakefield 306 2Nd 79500 307 2Nd 71300
    WAKEFIELD 306 2ND 79500 307 2ND 71300 405 2ND 56100 406 2ND 81000 409 2ND 8110 508 2ND 124000 302 3RD 83920 303 3RD 131700 304 3RD 112500 305 3RD 25000 306 3RD 139000 307 3RD 56700 308 3RD 58000 403 3RD 10870 405 3RD 35700 501 3RD 144200 503 3RD 17120 704 3RD 33780 804 3RD 920 902 3RD 47800 1600 3RD 15410 1706 3RD 22050 1708 3RD 113870 301 4TH 166700 303 4TH 46400 305 4TH 74900 306 4TH 130300 307 4TH 120300 402 4TH 121900 404 4TH 125800 602 4TH 78100 606 4TH 132500 701 4TH 174540 706 4TH 227000 305 5TH 20500 308 5TH 100970 312 5TH 150800 102 6TH 117950 104 6TH 57100 106 6TH 84360 204 6TH 89200 206 6TH 38200 208 6TH 73900 304 6TH 18490 305 6TH 77130 401 6TH 148000 403 6TH 31750 607 6TH 106500 701 6TH 162000 703 6TH 178500 705 6TH 173300 805 6TH 131900 102 7TH 145000 103 7TH 151500 104 7TH 186800 107 7TH 141500 201 7TH 121200 202 7TH 138300 203 7TH 168900 204 7TH 118800 206 7TH 125500 303 7TH 50600 404 7TH 18170 602 8TH 123100 802 8TH 98700 803 8TH 181400 804 8TH 104900 903 8TH 6080 905 8TH 6080 1001 8TH 6090 1003 8TH 183100 1005 8TH 176700 1007 8TH 167800 1101 8TH 225800 702 9TH 187200 704 9TH 240500 804 9TH 101600 603 10TH 10810 604 10TH 242900 706 10TH 44810 802 10TH 41110 901 10TH 130900 902 10TH 265000 902 10TH 13530 904 10TH 674320 905 10TH 80040 402 BIRCH 79800 403 BIRCH 148900 404 BIRCH 90000 405 BIRCH 107900 406 BIRCH 116100 502 BIRCH 200800 503 BIRCH 145500 504 BIRCH 63000 505 BIRCH 110600 506 BIRCH 216300 602 BIRCH 167600 603 BIRCH 160500 604 BIRCH 96000 605 BIRCH 151100 605 BIRCH 16180 606 BIRCH 6500 607 BIRCH 109300 608 BIRCH
    [Show full text]
  • The World Needs Network Innovation. Juniper Is Here to Help
    The world needs network innovation. Juniper is here to help. In a world where the pace of change is accelerating at an unprecedented rate the network has taken on a new level of importance as the vehicle for pulling together our best people, best thinking, and best hope for addressing the critical challenges we face as a global community. The JUNIPER BY THE macro-trends of cloud computing and the mobile Internet NUMBERS hold the potential to expand the reach and power of the network—while creating an explosion of new subscribers, • The world’s top five social media properties new traffic, and new content. In the face of such intense are supported by Juniper demand, this potential cannot be realized with legacy Networks. thinking. Juniper Networks stands as a response and a • The top 10 telecom companies challenge to the traditional approach to the network. in the world run on Juniper Networks. • Juniper Networks is deployed in more than 1,400 national Our Vision government organizations We believe the network is the single greatest vehicle for knowledge, collaboration, and around the world. human advancement that the world has ever known. Now more than ever, the world relies on high-performance networks. And now more than ever, the world needs network • Juniper has over 8,700 innovation to unleash our full potential. employees in 46 worldwide offices, serving over 100 The network plays a central role in addressing the critical challenges we face as a global countries. community. Consider the healthcare industry, where the network is the foundation for new models of mobile affordable care for underserved communities.
    [Show full text]
  • Estimation of Strength Loss and Decay Severity of Juniperus Procera by Juniper Pocket Rots Fungus, P. Demidoffii in Ethiopian Forests
    Regular Article pISSN: 2288-9744, eISSN: 2288-9752 J F E S Journal of Forest and Environmental Science Journal of Forest and Vol. 36, No. 2, pp. 143-155, June, 2020 Environmental Science https://doi.org/10.7747/JFES.2020.36.2.143 Estimation of Strength Loss and Decay Severity of Juniperus procera by Juniper Pocket Rots Fungus, P. demidoffii in Ethiopian Forests Addisu Assefa* Department of Biology, Madda Walabu University, Bale Robe 247, Ethiopia Abstract A juniper pocket rot fungus, Pyrofomes demidoffii is a basidiomycetous fungus responsible for damage of living Juniperus spp. However, its effect on the residual strength and on the extent of decay of juniper’s trunk was not determined in any prior studies. The purpose of this study was to study the features of J. procera infected by P. demdoffii, and to estimate the level of strength loss and decay severity in the trunk at D.B.H height using different five formulas. Infected juniper stands were examined in two Ethiopian forests through Visual Tree Assessment (VTA) followed by a slight destructive drilling of the trunk at D.B.H height. The decayed juniper tree is characterized by partially degraded lignin material at incipient stage of decay to completely degraded lignin material at final stage of decay. In the evaluated formulas, results of ANOVA showed that a significantly higher mean percentage of strength loss and decay severity were recorded in the trees of larger D.B.H categories (p＜0.001). The strength loss formulas produced the same to similar patterns of sum of ranks of strength loss or decay severity in the trunk, but the differences varied significantly among D.B.H categories in Kruskal Wallis-test (p＜0.001).
    [Show full text]
  • Foliage Use by Birds of the Oak-Juniper Woodland and Ponderosa Pine Forest in Southeastern Arizona
    FOLIAGE USE BY BIRDS OF THE OAK-JUNIPER WOODLAND AND PONDEROSA PINE FOREST IN SOUTHEASTERN ARIZONA RUSSELL P. BALDAl Department of Zoology University of Illinois Urbana, Illinois 61801 Bird populations obtain their requisites from METHODS the resources available to them in a number While conducting breeding-bird counts in various of different ways. Species within the same plant communities of the Chiricahua Mountains of community may use different configurations southeastern Arizona ( Balda 1967), two areas were of the habitat, or the same configurations in a selected for study of foliage use by the nesting birds. In the oak-juniper woodland (36-acre plot) and pon- different manner or in different proportions. derosa pine forest (38-acre plot) trees and saplings This tends to minimize or eliminate interspe- were measured for volume of foliage in conjunction cific competition. Habitat utilization by various with a sampling plan to obtain relative density, relative species of nesting birds is often a main portioIz frequency, relative dominance, and number of individ- of autecological studies (Stenger and Falls ual trees per acre. I used the plotless point-quarter method of Cottam and Curtis (1956) to sample trees 1959), or of studies dealing with the interac- with a DBH of three inches or more in both plots. In tions of a few species from a given avian com- each study area a series of points was established and munity. at each point the surrounding area was divided into Recent studies by Morse (1967) and Mac- four quarters. In each quarter the name of the tree Arthur (1958) have shown that volume of closest to the point and its distance from the point were recorded.
    [Show full text]
  • Processing and Finishing Western Juniper Prepared for Wood Technology Clinic & Show Portland
    Processing and Finishing Western Juniper Prepared for Wood Technology Clinic & Show Portland, OR. - March 26, 1998 Larry Swan, U.S. Forest Service(1) & Mike Connolly, Connolly Wood Products(2) "You have to change your mind set about how you work with wood - juniper doesn't like to be treated like alder or oak - you really have to know and understand your raw material, starting with the standing tree." (Mike Connolly, Connolly Wood Products) Introduction There are many misconceptions about juniper within the wood products industry. - "It's really difficult to dry." - "Kiln-dried lumber is not readily available." - "It tears up saws and knives." - "It's a very unstable wood." - "There are no markets for the wood." This paper reviews what has been learned in working with juniper over the past five years, and why a manufacturer may want to work with the existing network of juniper manufacturers to develop and expand juniper markets. Inventory There are approximately 3.8 million acres of western juniper (Juniperus occidentalis) woodlands within its primary range of eastern Oregon, northeastern California, and southwestern Idaho (10% canopy cover or more). About 58% of this acreage is on public lands managed by the Bureau of Land Management, U.S. Forest Service, State, Indian tribes, and other Federal agencies, and about 42% is privately owned. There are literally millions more acres of scattered juniper and areas in which young juniper are just now becoming visible on standard resolution aerial photography. Western juniper is the least-utilized wood fiber resource in this region. Total woodland volume is estimated to be at least 691 million cubic feet (MMCF).
    [Show full text]
  • Live Oak/Ashe Juniper Ecosystem
    PHIL HARDBERGER PARK CONSERVANCY & ALAMO AREA MASTER NATURALISTS LIVE OAK/ASHE JUNIPER ECOSYSTEM Left: 1938 aerial photograph reproduced from Geological & Environmental Consultants Plate No. 1 in Phil Hardberger Park Master Plan . Right: au- thor’s photo Christine Westerman, Office Lead, SWCA Environmental Consultants, San Antonio office, is the author of this piece. The Live Oak/Ashe Juniper ecosystem occurs in shallow limestone soils on hills and escarpments in the Edwards Plateau ecological region of Texas. Es- PHP: carpments are steep areas or cliffs that separate one level of terrain from another. ORIGINALLY Prior to European settlement the vegetation on the land which is now Phil Hardberger Park was primarily a mosaic of grassland and scattered trees (especially Live Oaks), a savanna--an expanse of grassland with scattered trees. Grasses were grazed by native animals such as the nomadic bison, which A LIVE OAK grazed an area very intensely, then moved on, giving the prairie grasses time to recover. In addition, natural fires and fires set by Native Americans killed SAVANNA woody plants, thereby promoting growth of native prairie grasses. The cycle of grazing, periodic fire, and recovery maintained prairie and savanna eco- systems for thousands of years. The beautiful and majestic Live Oak in central Texas is the Plateau Live Oak (Quercus fusiformis). Live oaks sprout from the roots, forming groups of trees known as “mottes.” Individual trees in these oak mottes are genetically identical and remain connected through their root systems. Live Oak trees with trunk diameters up to 45 inches have been measured at Phil Hardberger Park! It is difficult for us to know the exact distribution and abundance of Ashe Juniper in central Texas at the time of European settlement.
    [Show full text]
  • Individualistic Response of Piñon and Juniper Tree Species Distributions to Climate Change in North America's Arid Interior West
    Utah State University DigitalCommons@USU All Graduate Theses and Dissertations Graduate Studies 5-2011 Individualistic Response of Piñon and Juniper Tree Species Distributions to Climate Change in North America's Arid Interior West Jacob R. Gibson Utah State University Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd Part of the Climate Commons, and the Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Commons Recommended Citation Gibson, Jacob R., "Individualistic Response of Piñon and Juniper Tree Species Distributions to Climate Change in North America's Arid Interior West" (2011). All Graduate Theses and Dissertations. 908. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/908 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate Studies at DigitalCommons@USU. It has been accepted for inclusion in All Graduate Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@USU. For more information, please contact [email protected]. INDIVIDUALISTIC RESPONSE OF PIÑON AND JUNIPER TREE SPECIES DISTRIBUTIONS TO CLIMATE CHANGE IN NORTH AMERICA'S INTERIOR WEST by Jacob R. Gibson A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE in Ecology Approved: ____________________ ____________________ Thomas C. Edwards, Jr. James A. MacMahon Major Advisor Committee Member ____________________ ____________________ Terry L. Sharik Gretchen G. Moisen Committee Member Committee Member ____________________ Byron Burnham Dean of Graduate Studies UTAH STATE UNIVERSITY Logan, Utah 2011 ii ABSTRACT Individualistic Response of Piñon and Juniper Tree Species Distributions to Climate Change in North America's Arid Interior West by Jacob R. Gibson, Master of Science Utah State University, 2011 Major Professor: Dr. Thomas C.
    [Show full text]
  • Attachment Tachment 4
    Tree Species Identification & Description November 8, 2010, GJP ATTACHMENT 4 - Tree Species Identification & Description Subalpine fir (needles soft to the touch) Subalpine fir needles are single (1) on the twig, blunt or notched at the tip, flattened (two- sided), white-grayish spores on undersides, soft to the touch, and are up to ¾ inches long. Buds are round, almost globe-shaped, and orange-brown. Tree bark is smooth and grayish white with pitch blisters. Trees are spire- shaped and grow at upper elevations in combination with Engelmann spruce. Engelmann spruce (needles prickly to the touch) Engelmann spruce needles are single (1) on the twig, pointed, sharp to the touch, four-sided, same color on all sides, and are up to 1 inch long. Needles radiate in all directions on twig. The older twigs from which needles have fallen have stubby pegs on them. Tree bark is scaly. They grow at upper elevations in combination with Subalpine fir. Blue spruce (please do not cut) Page 1 Tree Species Identification & Description November 8, 2010, GJP Lodgepole Pine Lodgepole pine needles are clustered in groups of two (2) on the twig, flat or two-sided, and are about 2-3 inches long. Tree bark is scaly. Douglas-fir Douglas-fir needles are single (1) on the twig, tips are blunt or slightly rounded, flat and two- sided, same color on both sides, soft to the touch, needles are ¾ to 1 ¼ inches long, and very fragrant. Unlike subalpine fir needles, Douglas-fir needles narrow before joining the twig. Bark on young trees look very much like Subalpine fir, becoming more grayish and rigged as tree matures.
    [Show full text]