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Western Juniper Woodlands of the Pacific Northwest
Western Juniper Woodlands (of the Pacific Northwest) Science Assessment October 6, 1994 Lee E. Eddleman Professor, Rangeland Resources Oregon State University Corvallis, Oregon Patricia M. Miller Assistant Professor Courtesy Rangeland Resources Oregon State University Corvallis, Oregon Richard F. Miller Professor, Rangeland Resources Eastern Oregon Agricultural Research Center Burns, Oregon Patricia L. Dysart Graduate Research Assistant Rangeland Resources Oregon State University Corvallis, Oregon TABLE OF CONTENTS Page EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ........................................... i WESTERN JUNIPER (Juniperus occidentalis Hook. ssp. occidentalis) WOODLANDS. ................................................. 1 Introduction ................................................ 1 Current Status.............................................. 2 Distribution of Western Juniper............................ 2 Holocene Changes in Western Juniper Woodlands ................. 4 Introduction ........................................... 4 Prehistoric Expansion of Juniper .......................... 4 Historic Expansion of Juniper ............................. 6 Conclusions .......................................... 9 Biology of Western Juniper.................................... 11 Physiological Ecology of Western Juniper and Associated Species ...................................... 17 Introduction ........................................... 17 Western Juniper — Patterns in Biomass Allocation............ 17 Western Juniper — Allocation Patterns of Carbon and -
Western Juniper Field Guide: Asking the Right Questions to Select Appropriate Management Actions
Western Juniper Field Guide: Asking the Right Questions to Select Appropriate Management Actions Circular 1321 U.S. Department of the Interior U.S. Geological Survey Cover: Photograph taken by Richard F. Miller. Western Juniper Field Guide: Asking the Right Questions to Select Appropriate Management Actions By R.F. Miller, Oregon State University, J.D. Bates, T.J. Svejcar, F.B. Pierson, U.S. Department of Agriculture, and L.E. Eddleman, Oregon State University This is contribution number 01 of the Sagebrush Steppe Treatment Evaluation Project (SageSTEP), supported by funds from the U.S. Joint Fire Science Program. Partial support for this guide was provided by U.S. Geological Survey Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center. Circular 1321 U.S. Department of the Interior U.S. Geological Survey U.S. Department of the Interior DIRK KEMPTHORNE, Secretary U.S. Geological Survey Mark D. Myers, Director U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia: 2007 For product and ordering information: World Wide Web: http://www.usgs.gov/pubprod Telephone: 1-888-ASK-USGS For more information on the USGS--the Federal source for science about the Earth, its natural and living resources, natural hazards, and the environment: World Wide Web: http://www.usgs.gov Telephone: 1-888-ASK-USGS Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. Although this report is in the public domain, permission must be secured from the individual copyright owners to reproduce any copyrighted materials con- tained within this report. Suggested citation: Miller, R.F., Bates, J.D., Svejcar, T.J., Pierson, F.B., and Eddleman, L.E., 2007, Western Juniper Field Guide: Asking the Right Questions to Select Appropriate Management Actions: U.S. -
Juniper Networks Investor Relations May 2021
Juniper Networks Investor Relations May 2021 1 © 2021 Juniper Networks Juniper Public Forward-Looking Statements This presentation contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, which statements involve substantial risks and uncertainties. Except for historical information contained herein, all statements could be deemed forward-looking statement, including, without limitation, Juniper Networks’ views concerning our business outlook; economic and market outlook; our future financial and operating results (including our financial model); the expected impact of network transitions and timing of deployments with large customers; our capital return program; our expectations with respect to market trends; our future strategy; the strength of certain use-cases and customer segments; our ability to expand business opportunities (including in software, security, hyperscale-switching, 5G buildouts and with enterprise customers); our expectations with respect to revenue growth, gross margin or operating costs or our ability to improve profitability and make necessary investments; the introduction of future products; the strength of our solution portfolio; the timing of recovery from COVID-19 on customer demand; and overall future prospects. Actual results or events could differ materially from those anticipated in those forward-looking statements as a result of several factors, including: general economic and political -
Common Conifers in New Mexico Landscapes
Ornamental Horticulture Common Conifers in New Mexico Landscapes Bob Cain, Extension Forest Entomologist One-Seed Juniper (Juniperus monosperma) Description: One-seed juniper grows 20-30 feet high and is multistemmed. Its leaves are scalelike with finely toothed margins. One-seed cones are 1/4-1/2 inch long berrylike structures with a reddish brown to bluish hue. The cones or “berries” mature in one year and occur only on female trees. Male trees produce Alligator Juniper (Juniperus deppeana) pollen and appear brown in the late winter and spring compared to female trees. Description: The alligator juniper can grow up to 65 feet tall, and may grow to 5 feet in diameter. It resembles the one-seed juniper with its 1/4-1/2 inch long, berrylike structures and typical juniper foliage. Its most distinguishing feature is its bark, which is divided into squares that resemble alligator skin. Other Characteristics: • Ranges throughout the semiarid regions of the southern two-thirds of New Mexico, southeastern and central Arizona, and south into Mexico. Other Characteristics: • An American Forestry Association Champion • Scattered distribution through the southern recently burned in Tonto National Forest, Arizona. Rockies (mostly Arizona and New Mexico) It was 29 feet 7 inches in circumference, 57 feet • Usually a bushy appearance tall, and had a 57-foot crown. • Likes semiarid, rocky slopes • If cut down, this juniper can sprout from the stump. Uses: Uses: • Birds use the berries of the one-seed juniper as a • Alligator juniper is valuable to wildlife, but has source of winter food, while wildlife browse its only localized commercial value. -
Juniper Mistletoe Minor Effects on Junipers
Juniper Mistletoe Minor effects on junipers Pathogen—Juniper mistletoe (Phoradendron juniperinum) is the only member of the true mistletoes that occurs within the Rocky Mountain Region (fig. 1). Hosts—Within the Rocky Mountain Region, juniper mistletoe is found in the pinyon-juniper woodlands of southwestern Colorado (fig. 2) and can infect all of the juniper species that occur there. Signs and Symptoms—Juniper mistletoe plants are generally densely branched in a spherical pattern and are green to yellow-green (fig. 3). Unlike most true mistletoes that have obvious leaves, juniper mistletoe leaves are greatly reduced, making the plants look similar to, but somewhat larger than, dwarf mistletoes. However, no dwarf mistletoes infect junipers in the Rocky Mountain Region. Disease Cycle—Juniper mistletoe plants are either male or female. The female’s berries are spread by birds that feed on them. As a re- sult, this mistletoe is often found where birds prefer to perch—on the tops of taller trees (fig. 1), near water sources, etc. When the seeds germinate, they penetrate the branch of the host tree. In the branch, the mistletoe forms a root-like structure that is used to gather water and minerals. The plant then produces aerial shoots that produce food Figure 1. Juniper mistletoe plants on one-seed juniper through photosynthesis. in Mesa Verde National Park. Photo: USDA Forest Service. Figure 2. Distribution of juniper mistletoe in the Rocky Mountain Region Figure 3. Closeup of juniper mistletoe on juniper branch. Photo: Robert (from Hawksworth and Scharpf 1981). Mathiasen, Northern Arizona University. Impacts—Impacts associated with juniper mistletoe are generally minor. -
Juniper Networks J-Series Services Routers: J2320, J2350, J4350, and J6350
Datasheet Juniper Networks J-series Services Routers: J2320, J2350, J4350, and J6350 Product Description Enterprises are faced with a number of challenges and opportunities by converging voice, video and data to one network. This consolidation of network elements reduces cost by easing deployment of SIP enabled voice over IP (VoIP), real-time high-definition Telepresence and standardizing on a consistent infrastructure network operating system like JUNOS software. These new technologies improve; customer relations, interactions with suppliers, and employee productivity. This mission-critical multi-media network must be always on and always available. To accomplish this, fully integrated stateful security is a key requirement, not merely forwarding packets without regard to the intended application or individual user session. JUNOS software with enhanced services provides the high-performance networking infrastructure that helps enterprises Juniper Networks J-series services routers extend implement key initiatives that: • Secure critical information and protect the network from vulnerabilities and attacks. Enterprise applications and deliver reliable Enterprises need to protect confidential information from external and internal connectivity to remote offices with a powerful attacks as they connect with their customers and suppliers. The inseparable routing and firewall offered by JUNOS software with enhanced services secures every location blend of high-performance network protection in the network and allows departmental segmentation out to remote locations of the network. Implementing IPSec VPNs with firewalls at remote sites allows for flexible and advanced services. J-series services routers network connectivity with security for split tunneling configurations. leverage the modular JUNOS® software operating • Minimize the cost of installing and operating the network. -
Wakefield 306 2Nd 79500 307 2Nd 71300
WAKEFIELD 306 2ND 79500 307 2ND 71300 405 2ND 56100 406 2ND 81000 409 2ND 8110 508 2ND 124000 302 3RD 83920 303 3RD 131700 304 3RD 112500 305 3RD 25000 306 3RD 139000 307 3RD 56700 308 3RD 58000 403 3RD 10870 405 3RD 35700 501 3RD 144200 503 3RD 17120 704 3RD 33780 804 3RD 920 902 3RD 47800 1600 3RD 15410 1706 3RD 22050 1708 3RD 113870 301 4TH 166700 303 4TH 46400 305 4TH 74900 306 4TH 130300 307 4TH 120300 402 4TH 121900 404 4TH 125800 602 4TH 78100 606 4TH 132500 701 4TH 174540 706 4TH 227000 305 5TH 20500 308 5TH 100970 312 5TH 150800 102 6TH 117950 104 6TH 57100 106 6TH 84360 204 6TH 89200 206 6TH 38200 208 6TH 73900 304 6TH 18490 305 6TH 77130 401 6TH 148000 403 6TH 31750 607 6TH 106500 701 6TH 162000 703 6TH 178500 705 6TH 173300 805 6TH 131900 102 7TH 145000 103 7TH 151500 104 7TH 186800 107 7TH 141500 201 7TH 121200 202 7TH 138300 203 7TH 168900 204 7TH 118800 206 7TH 125500 303 7TH 50600 404 7TH 18170 602 8TH 123100 802 8TH 98700 803 8TH 181400 804 8TH 104900 903 8TH 6080 905 8TH 6080 1001 8TH 6090 1003 8TH 183100 1005 8TH 176700 1007 8TH 167800 1101 8TH 225800 702 9TH 187200 704 9TH 240500 804 9TH 101600 603 10TH 10810 604 10TH 242900 706 10TH 44810 802 10TH 41110 901 10TH 130900 902 10TH 265000 902 10TH 13530 904 10TH 674320 905 10TH 80040 402 BIRCH 79800 403 BIRCH 148900 404 BIRCH 90000 405 BIRCH 107900 406 BIRCH 116100 502 BIRCH 200800 503 BIRCH 145500 504 BIRCH 63000 505 BIRCH 110600 506 BIRCH 216300 602 BIRCH 167600 603 BIRCH 160500 604 BIRCH 96000 605 BIRCH 151100 605 BIRCH 16180 606 BIRCH 6500 607 BIRCH 109300 608 BIRCH -
Juniper Networks Junos Space Network Management Platform, with Or Without Network Director and with Or Without Security Director in JA2500
Juniper Networks Junos Space Network Management Platform, with or without Network Director and with or without Security Director in JA2500 Firmware: Junos Space 19.1R1_FIPS, Network-Director.3.6R3.15 and Security-Director-19.1R1.23 Non-Proprietary FIPS 140-2 Cryptographic Module Security Policy Document Version: 1.0 Date: December 14, 2020 Juniper Networks, Inc. 1133 Innovation Way Sunnyvale, California 94089 USA 408.745.2000 1.888 JUNIPER www.juniper.net Copyright Juniper, 2020 Document Version 1.0 Page 1 of 40 Juniper Networks Public Material – May be reproduced only in its original entirety (without revision). Table of Contents 1 Introduction .................................................................................................................... 4 1.1 Cryptographic Boundary ..............................................................................................................6 1.2 Modes of Operation .....................................................................................................................8 1.2.1 FIPS Approved Mode ..........................................................................................................8 1.2.2 Non-Approved Mode ..........................................................................................................8 1.3 Zeroization ....................................................................................................................................9 2 Cryptographic Functionality .......................................................................................... -
Estimation of Strength Loss and Decay Severity of Juniperus Procera by Juniper Pocket Rots Fungus, P. Demidoffii in Ethiopian Forests
Regular Article pISSN: 2288-9744, eISSN: 2288-9752 J F E S Journal of Forest and Environmental Science Journal of Forest and Vol. 36, No. 2, pp. 143-155, June, 2020 Environmental Science https://doi.org/10.7747/JFES.2020.36.2.143 Estimation of Strength Loss and Decay Severity of Juniperus procera by Juniper Pocket Rots Fungus, P. demidoffii in Ethiopian Forests Addisu Assefa* Department of Biology, Madda Walabu University, Bale Robe 247, Ethiopia Abstract A juniper pocket rot fungus, Pyrofomes demidoffii is a basidiomycetous fungus responsible for damage of living Juniperus spp. However, its effect on the residual strength and on the extent of decay of juniper’s trunk was not determined in any prior studies. The purpose of this study was to study the features of J. procera infected by P. demdoffii, and to estimate the level of strength loss and decay severity in the trunk at D.B.H height using different five formulas. Infected juniper stands were examined in two Ethiopian forests through Visual Tree Assessment (VTA) followed by a slight destructive drilling of the trunk at D.B.H height. The decayed juniper tree is characterized by partially degraded lignin material at incipient stage of decay to completely degraded lignin material at final stage of decay. In the evaluated formulas, results of ANOVA showed that a significantly higher mean percentage of strength loss and decay severity were recorded in the trees of larger D.B.H categories (p<0.001). The strength loss formulas produced the same to similar patterns of sum of ranks of strength loss or decay severity in the trunk, but the differences varied significantly among D.B.H categories in Kruskal Wallis-test (p<0.001). -
Foliage Use by Birds of the Oak-Juniper Woodland and Ponderosa Pine Forest in Southeastern Arizona
FOLIAGE USE BY BIRDS OF THE OAK-JUNIPER WOODLAND AND PONDEROSA PINE FOREST IN SOUTHEASTERN ARIZONA RUSSELL P. BALDAl Department of Zoology University of Illinois Urbana, Illinois 61801 Bird populations obtain their requisites from METHODS the resources available to them in a number While conducting breeding-bird counts in various of different ways. Species within the same plant communities of the Chiricahua Mountains of community may use different configurations southeastern Arizona ( Balda 1967), two areas were of the habitat, or the same configurations in a selected for study of foliage use by the nesting birds. In the oak-juniper woodland (36-acre plot) and pon- different manner or in different proportions. derosa pine forest (38-acre plot) trees and saplings This tends to minimize or eliminate interspe- were measured for volume of foliage in conjunction cific competition. Habitat utilization by various with a sampling plan to obtain relative density, relative species of nesting birds is often a main portioIz frequency, relative dominance, and number of individ- of autecological studies (Stenger and Falls ual trees per acre. I used the plotless point-quarter method of Cottam and Curtis (1956) to sample trees 1959), or of studies dealing with the interac- with a DBH of three inches or more in both plots. In tions of a few species from a given avian com- each study area a series of points was established and munity. at each point the surrounding area was divided into Recent studies by Morse (1967) and Mac- four quarters. In each quarter the name of the tree Arthur (1958) have shown that volume of closest to the point and its distance from the point were recorded. -
Ericsson.Com/ Networks
ericsson.com/ networks End-to-end network capabilities simplify the journey to 5G for Swisscom 2 Ericsson | End-to-end network capabilities simplify the journey to 5G for Swisscom Wanting to ensure its consumers would reap the benefits of 5G at an early stage, Swiss operator Swisscom was looking for a vendor that could act as a one-stop shop in managing and maintaining its entire IP transport network. Our product portfolio and subsequent partnership with Juniper Networks made us the perfect choice. In November 2017, Swisscom was discussing how In the first end-to-end 5G transport network deal in the upcoming introduction of 5G would greatly the industry, Ericsson is delivering Swisscom’s new increase complexity in its IP transport network. end-to-end 5G IP transport network with Router Swisscom wanted to be early in the market with 5G 6672 as the site router, Router 6675 as the C-RAN technologies, and it was looking for a single vendor router, Router 6274 as the edge router and Juniper able to take full end-to-end responsibility for its MX 10008 as the core router. The architecture meets complete IP transport network from the radio site up scalability, availability, performance, latency and to the data center. synchronization demands, and it is functionally aligned end-to-end. All of the routers are managed Key characteristics of the network were the support by one single operations support system (OSS), for slicing, low latency, time/phase synchronization namely Ericsson Network Manager. and high performance, and the complete transport network had to be managed by one management Heinz Herren, CIO and CTO at Swisscom says: “We system. -
May 28, 2021 Submitted Via ECFS
May 28, 2021 Submitted via ECFS Marlene H. Dortch Federal Communications Commission Page | 1 45 L Street NE Washington, D.C., 20554 Re: Reply Comments of the Open RAN Policy Coalition on Promoting the Deployment of 5G Open Radio Access Networks, GN Docket No. 21-63. Dear Ms. Dortch, The Open RAN Policy Coalition (“ORPC” or “Coalition”)1 appreciates the opportunity to provide additional input to the Federal Communications Commission (“Commission”) on its Notice of Inquiry (“NOI”) Promoting the Deployment of 5G Open Radio Access Networks. Initial comments in this landmark proceeding provide a robust foundational record regarding the growing Open RAN market, show widespread consensus about the potential public benefits Open RAN can produce, and coalescence around several key steps the Commission and other policymakers can take to support these outcomes. Commenters also express consensus that policies supporting industry innovation and carrier choice – not government mandates or legal preferences – will enable the market to realize the benefits of Open RAN.2 Commenters describe active and diverse engagement in industry organizations that are driving standardization, testing, and other real-world advancement toward open and interoperable interfaces in the RAN.3 1 See https://www.openranpolicy.org/. As of this filing, the Coalition includes 60 members, including: Airspan, Altiostar, American Tower, Analog Devices, Arm, AT&T, AWS, Benetel, Bharti Airtel, Broadcom, Ciena, Cisco, Cohere Technologies, CommScope, Crown Castle, DeepSig, Dell Technologies, Deutsche Telekom, DISH Network, Facebook, Fujitsu, GigaTera Communications, Google, Hewlett Packard Enterprise, IBM, Inseego, Intel, JMA Wireless, Juniper Networks, Ligado Networks, Marvell, Mavenir, Microsoft, NEC Corporation, NewEdge Signal Solutions, Nokia, NTT, Nvidia, Oracle, Palo Alto Networks, Pivotal Commware, Qualcomm, Quanta Cloud Technology, Radisys, Rakuten Mobile, Reliance Jio, Rift, Robin, Samsung Electronics America, STL Tech, Telefónica, Texas Instruments, U.S.