Section Tests Tests

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Section Tests Tests Section Tests Tests In this section, the reader will find 600 questions mostly based on the contents of the book and testing the whole spectrum of cultural references in the French press. For the general reader, these tests can be seen as an entertaining way to check on their general knowledge about France and the French language. For the student working alone, these tests can be a useful tool for self-assessment. For the teacher, these tests can be useful in several ways. They can be used as ‘entry’ or upstream ‘diagnostic’ tests for students starting a new course, or as tests for continued assessment. They may also be used as exit tests at the end of a given course, the teacher being free to fix what he or she considers to be a ‘pass’ mark in the light of previous students’ results. Test 1: Popular cultural references 1) Which of the following is not an expression associated with French childhood? a) Jeu de main, jeu de vilain b) C’est celui qui dit, qui l’est c) La souris verte d) Droit dans mes bottes 2) Which of the following is not a song by Serge Gainsbourg? a) Sea, sex and sun b) Je t’aime moi non plus c) Le Poinçonneur des Lilas d) Foule sentimentale 3) Which of the following is not the title of a famous film? a) La Grande Vadrouille b) La Bonne du curé c) Elle court, elle court la banlieue d) Le Bonheur est dans le pré Information Classification: General 4) Which of the following is not associated with Sartre and de Beauvoir? a) La Coupole b) Les Deux Magots c) Le Café de Flore d) Le Pavillon Gabriel 5) Which of the following is not a French cinema classic? a) Quai des brumes b) Hôtel du Nord c) La Guerre des Boutons d) Le Passager de la pluie 6) Find the odd man out among the following slang words. a) godasses b) schnouf c) flingueurs d) grisbi 7) Which of the following is not a comic strip character? a) Lucky Luke b) Astérix c) Casimir d) Les Bidochon 8) Programmes unsuitable for young viewers used to be indicated on the TV screen by a a) colour b) letter c) number d) geometrical form 9) Which is not a supermarket chain in France? a) Les Mousquetaires b) U c) Leclerc d) FNAC 10) The French prize for the best cinema performances is known as a/an a) Oscar b) Molière c) César d) 7 d’or Information Classification: General 11) Which of the following is a typical cry of the French waiter? a) ‘On a gagné!’ b) ‘Approchez Mesdames, Messieurs !’ c) ‘Chaud devant !’ d) ‘Sous vos applaudissements !’ 12) Which of the following is not a famous advertising slogan? a) ‘Le contrat de confiance’ b) ‘Sans une Rolex tu as raté ta vie’ c) ‘X lave plus blanc’ d) ‘Ça déménage’ 13) Which of the following is not a famous publicity slogan? a) ‘Tu t’es vu quand t’as bu ?’ b) ‘Un verre ça va’ c) ‘Elle est pas belle la vie?’ d) ‘Boire ou conduire il faut choisir’ 14) Which is the odd man out ? a) ‘Crac, boum, hue’ b) ‘Et moi et moi et moi’ c) ‘Paris s’éveille’ d) ‘Tous les garçons et les filles’ 15) Which of the following is not a charitable organization ? a) Les Enfants du marais b) Emmaüs c) Les Restos du cœur d) Le Secours Catholique 16) Which Latin expression is unrelated to France? a) e pluribus unum b) fluctuat nec mergitur c) ultima ratio regum d) Docet omnia 17) What did young French servicemen shout on being demobilized? a) Merde! b) Bordel! c) C’est la quille! d) L’adjudant aux chiottes! Information Classification: General 18) Which is the odd man out among the following prizes? Le Prix a) Goncourt b) de Rome c) Renaudot d) Interallié 19) Find the odd man out. a) Teresa b) Emmanuelle c) Fouettard d) Poulard 20) Find the odd man out among the following boulevards. a) de la Madeleine b) des Capucines c) Haussmann d) Suchet 21) From which famous film does the following (ungrammatical) quote come: ‘Si j’aurais su, j’aurais pas venu?’ a) La Guerre des Boutons b) Les Allumettes suédoises c) Les Noisettes sauvages d) Quai des brumes 22) La Loi Carrèze is related to a) violence on TV b) real estate surveyance c) smoking in public places d) prostitution 23) La Loi Evin is related to a) the numerus clausus concerning supermarkets b) the numerus clausus concerning chemists c) advertising of tobacco and alcohol d) homosexual relations between consenting adults 24) La Loi Veil is related to a) racism b) sects c) abortion d) undenominational education Information Classification: General 25) Find the odd man out among the following songs. a) Le Gorille b) Une Jolie Fleur c) Quand Margot dégrafait son corsage d) Papa Mambo 26) Traditionally, the lily of the valley is sold on a) Labour Day b) Whit Monday c) 8 May d) Easter Sunday 27) The operation known as ‘pièces jaunes’ was launched by Bernadette Chirac to raise money for a) people with reduced mobility b) funding hospital infrastructure for children and teenagers c) AIDS research d) the homeless 28) ‘Poujadisme’ was a a) political movement founded by Pierre Poujade b) trend in modern art c) tropical disease d) royalist political current 29) Find the odd man out. a) Prend l’oseille et tire-toi b) On achève bien les chevaux c) Le Train sifflera trois fois d) La Grande Vadrouille 30) Political demonstrations traditionally start from place de la République and terminate at place a) de la Concorde b) de la Bastille c) de l’Étoile (Charles de Gaulle) d) de Stalingrad 31) The period of pop music in France corresponding to that of the 1960s in England was known as the a) go-go b) chi-chi c) yé-yé d) ba-ba Information Classification: General 32) The song Le Temps des cerises is associated with which historical event? The … a) execution of Louis XVI b) Commune of 1871 c) troop departures of 1914 d) victory of 1918 33) ‘La tentation de Venise’ refers to a) an elderly man's desire to have children b) the desire to have an adulterous affair c) the wish to drop everything and leave d) the desire to marry at a ripe old age 34) Find the odd man out. a) L’École des Fans b) La tête et les jambes c) Les cinq dernières minutes d) Peur sur la ville 35) Which song title by La Compagnie Créole has since become a cult phrase? a) La Vie en rose b) Je t’aime, moi non plus c) C’est bon pour le moral d) Le Plat Pays 36) Le Coup d’État permanent was written by a) Charles de Gaulle b) François Mitterrand c) Daniel Cohn-Bendit d) Alain Krivine 37) La Défaite de la pensée was written by a) Alain Minc b) Emmanuel Todd c) Alain Finkielkraut d) Bernard-Henri Lévy 38) The brasserie ‘La Closerie des Lilas’ is associated with which literary name? a) Verlaine b) Zola c) Balzac d) Flaubert Information Classification: General 39) What is the motto of the city of Paris? a) fluctuat nec mergitur b) ars longa vita brevis c) Docet omnia d) in cauda venenum 40) Find the ‘Académicien’ a) Zola b) Molière c) Descartes d) Giscard d’Estaing Test 2: Famous words 1) Who said ‘La propriété, c’est le vol’? a) Voltaire b) Jean-Jacques Rousseau c) Pierre-Joseph Proudhon d) Louise Michel 2) ‘Que d’eau, que d‘eau’. These were the words of a) Napoleon III b) Jules Grévy c) Georges Clemenceau d) Maréchal Mac-Mahon 3) Who reputedly said ‘Le 21ème siècle sera spirituel ou il ne sera pas’? a) André Malraux b) Jean-Paul Sartre c) Alain Finkielkraut d) Simone de Beauvoir 4) Who said ‘Les Français sont des veaux?’ a) Charles de Gaulle b) Napoleon Bonaparte c) François Mitterrand d) Jacques Chirac 5) ‘Aux grands hommes, la patrie reconnaissante’. On which public building in Paris are these words written? a) La Madeleine Information Classification: General b) Les Invalides c) Le Panthéon d) L’Opéra 6) Who said that the French army was ready ‘jusqu’au dernier bouton de guêtre’? a) Napoleon III b) Maréchal Massena c) Napoleon Bonaparte d) Edmond le Boeuf 7) ‘C’est l’histoire d’un mec.’ This was the pet phrase of which French comic? a) Coluche b) Guy Bedos c) Fernand Raynaud d) Louis de Funès 8) ‘À l’insu de mon plein gré.’ With which sportsman is this phrase associated? a) Lance Armstrong b) Richard Virenque c) Zinedine Zidane d) Didier Drogba 9) Which sentence is not associated with the revolution of 1968? a) ‘Sous les pavés la plage’ b) ‘Il est interdit d’interdire’ c) ‘Pour vivre heureux vivons cachés’ d) ‘Soyons réalistes, demandons l’impossible’ 10) ‘La justice militaire est à la justice ce que la musique militaire est à la musique.’ These are the words of a) Talleyrand b) Clemenceau c) Daladier d) Chateaubriand 11) ‘J’y suis, j’y reste.’ Who said these words? a) Général Nivelle b) Maréchal Soult c) Maréchal Massena d) Maréchal Mac-Mahon 12) Who said ‘Le cœur a ses raisons que la raison ne connaît point’? Information Classification: General a) René Descartes b) Blaise Pascal c) Auguste Comte d) Antoine-Laurent de Lavoisier 13) ‘Il faut dégraisser le mammouth.’ Which minister of education said these words? a) François Bayrou b) Luc Ferry c) Lionel Jospin d) Claude Allègre 14) Who said ‘La France ne peut accueillir toute la misère du monde? a) Michel Rocard b) Jacques Chirac c) François Mitterrand d) Jean-Marie Le Pen 15) Who said ‘Donnez-moi dix hommes sûrs et je tiens l’Etat? a) Joseph Fouché b) Cardinal Richelieu c) Cardinal Mazarin d) Napoleon Bonaparte 16) Who said ‘Enrichissez-vous? a) Napoleon III b) François Guizot c) Georges Clemenceau d) Pierre Mendès-France 17) Who said ‘Familles, je vous hais a) André Gide b) Jean-Paul Sartre c) Simone de Beauvoir d) Louis Aragon 18) ‘La force tranquille’ was the election slogan of which French president? a) François Mitterrand b) Jacques Chirac c) Valéry Giscard d’Estaing d) Nicolas Sarkozy 19) Who reputedly said ‘La garde meurt mais ne se rend pas’? Information Classification: General a) Napoleon Bonaparte
Recommended publications
  • The European Social Dialogue the History of a Social Innovation (1985-2003) — Jean Lapeyre Foreword by Jacques Delors Afterword by Luca Visentini
    European Trade Union Institute Bd du Roi Albert II, 5 1210 Brussels Belgium +32 (0)2 224 04 70 [email protected] www.etui.org “Compared to other works on the European Social Dialogue, this book stands out because it is an insider’s story, told by someone who was for many years the linchpin, on the trade unions’ side, of this major accomplishment of social Europe.” The European social dialogue — Emilio Gabaglio, ETUC General Secretary (1991-2003) “The author, an ardent supporter of the European Social Dialogue, has put his heart and soul into this The history of a social meticulous work, which is enriched by his commitment as a trade unionist, his capacity for indignation, and his very French spirit. His book will become an essential reference work.” — Wilfried Beirnaert, innovation (1985-2003) Managing Director and Director General at the Federation of Belgian Enterprises (FEB) (1981-1998) — “This exhaustive appraisal, written by a central actor in the process, reminds us that constructing social Europe means constructing Europe itself and aiming for the creation of a European society; Jean Lapeyre something to reflect upon today in the face of extreme tendencies which are threatening the edifice.” — Claude Didry, Sociologist and Director of Research at the National Centre of Scientific Research (CNRS) Foreword by Jacques Delors (Maurice Halbwachs Centre, École Normale Supérieure) Afterword by Luca Visentini This book provides a history of the construction of the European Social Dialogue between 1985 and 2003, based on documents and interviews with trade union figures, employers and dialogue social European The The history of a social innovation (1985-2003) Jean Lapeyre European officials, as well as on the author’s own personal account as a central actor in this story.
    [Show full text]
  • European Movement International 04/12/2020, 09:17
    European Movement International 04/12/2020, 09:17 Valéry Giscard d'Estaing: Mourning a European giant Following the passing of former French President Valéry Giscard d’Estaing, former president of the European Movement International and passionate defender of the European project, we share perspectives on his life from France, Belgium, Germany and Malta. European Headlines is a weekly newsletter from the European Movement International highlighting media perspectives from across Europe. Click here to subscribe. Tweet about this Remembering VGE Le Monde provides a brief biography of the former French president, who passed away on Wednesday as a result of a Covid-19 infection. At the age of 36, Giscard was appointed Minister of Finance and Economic Affairs under Georges Pompidou. In 1974, he ran in the 1974 presidential elections, defeating Jacques Chaban-Delmas and François Mitterrand and thus becoming the youngest President of the Republic since 1848. During the campaign, he established himself as a modern, dynamic politician, embodying renewal in the face of his rivals. His “advanced liberal society” entailed new laws such as the decriminalisation of abortion and the right of referral to the Constitutional Council. His international policies are marked by his strengthening of European unity. Together with German Chancellor, Helmut Schmidt, Giscard influenced the creation of the European Council in December 1974. Following the 1989 European elections, Giscard entered the European Parliament. During his years in Brussels, he served as President of the European Movement International until 1997. On May 29, 2003, he received the ‘Charlemagne Prize’ for having "advanced the unification process" in Europe. Read the full article Modern man L’Echo reports on what the former President has meant for Europe.
    [Show full text]
  • The Sarkozy Effect France’S New Presidential Dynamic J.G
    Politics & Diplomacy The Sarkozy Effect France’s New Presidential Dynamic J.G. Shields Nicolas Sarkozy’s presidential campaign was predicated on the J.G. Shields is an associate professor of need for change in France, for a break—“une rupture”—with the French Studies at the past. His election as president of the French Republic on 6 University of Warwick in England. He is the first May 2007 ushered in the promise of a new era. Sarkozy’s pres- holder of the American idency follows those of the Socialist François Mitterrand Political Science Associ- ation's Stanley Hoff- (1981-95) and the neo-Gaullist Jacques Chirac (1995-2007), mann Award (2007) for who together occupied France’s highest political office for his writing on French more than a quarter-century. Whereas Mitterrand and Chirac politics. bowed out in their seventies, Sarkozy comes to office aged only fifty-two. For the first time, the French Fifth Republic has a president born after the Second World War, as well as a presi- dent of direct immigrant descent.1 Sarkozy’s emphatic victory, with 53 percent of the run-off vote against the Socialist Ségolène Royal, gave him a clear mandate for reform. The near-record turnout of 84 percent for both rounds of the election reflected the public demand for change. The legislative elections of June 2007, which assured a strong majority in the National Assembly for Sarkozy’s centre-right Union pour un Mouvement Populaire (UMP), cleared the way for implementing his agenda over the next five years.2 This article examines the political context within which Sarkozy was elected to power, the main proposals of his presidential program, the challenges before him, and his prospects for bringing real change to a France that is all too evidently in need of reform.
    [Show full text]
  • Fighting for France's Political Future in the Long Wake of the Commune, 1871-1880
    University of Pennsylvania ScholarlyCommons Publicly Accessible Penn Dissertations 2013 Long Live the Revolutions: Fighting for France's Political Future in the Long Wake of the Commune, 1871-1880 Heather Marlene Bennett University of Pennsylvania, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://repository.upenn.edu/edissertations Part of the European History Commons Recommended Citation Bennett, Heather Marlene, "Long Live the Revolutions: Fighting for France's Political Future in the Long Wake of the Commune, 1871-1880" (2013). Publicly Accessible Penn Dissertations. 734. https://repository.upenn.edu/edissertations/734 This paper is posted at ScholarlyCommons. https://repository.upenn.edu/edissertations/734 For more information, please contact [email protected]. Long Live the Revolutions: Fighting for France's Political Future in the Long Wake of the Commune, 1871-1880 Abstract The traumatic legacies of the Paris Commune and its harsh suppression in 1871 had a significant impact on the identities and voter outreach efforts of each of the chief political blocs of the 1870s. The political and cultural developments of this phenomenal decade, which is frequently mislabeled as calm and stable, established the Republic's longevity and set its character. Yet the Commune's legacies have never been comprehensively examined in a way that synthesizes their political and cultural effects. This dissertation offers a compelling perspective of the 1870s through qualitative and quantitative analyses of the influence of these legacies, using sources as diverse as parliamentary debates, visual media, and scribbled sedition on city walls, to explicate the decade's most important political and cultural moments, their origins, and their impact.
    [Show full text]
  • Why Emmanuel Macron Is the Most Gaullist of All Candidates for the French Presidential Elections of 2017
    Policy Paper Centre international Note de recherche de formation européenne Matthias Waechter*, April 18th , 2017* CIFE Policy Paper N°53 Nothing new in French politics? Why Emmanuel Macron is the most Gaullist of all candidates for the French presidential elections of 2017 The French presidential campaign of 2017 turns soon as he exercised power from 1958 onwards, his very much around the buzzword of renewal: assertion lost its credibility and he was quickly Renewal of the political elites, the morals and perceived as the overarching figure of the French habits of political leaders, the party system. Some Right, triggering by the same token the consolida- of the candidates, most prominently far-left politi- tion of a leftist opposition. cian Jean-Luc Mélenchon, even fight for a constitu- tional turnover and the creation of a "Sixth Repu- The claim to pave a third way between left and blic". Among the five leading candidates, one right, to transcend the allegedly unproductive presents himself not only as an innovator, but also conflict between those political currents is at the as a revolutionary: It is Emmanuel Macron with his core of Emmanuel Macron's political stance. He movement "En Marche!" The campaign book by the doesn't deny his origins from the political left, but former minister of the economy appeared under the asserts that this cleavage is nowadays obsolete title "Revolution" and traces the way towards a and that good ideas should be taken from all profoundly changed France beyond the cleavage of camps. His movement "En Marche!" posts on its Left and Right.
    [Show full text]
  • Reassessing Marshal Ferdinand Foch
    Command in a Coalition War 91 Command in a Coalition War: Reassessing Marshal Ferdinand Foch Elizabeth Greenhalgh* Marshal Ferdinand Foch is remembered, inaccurately, as the unthinking apostle of the offensive, one of the makers of the discredited strategy of the “offensive à outrance” that was responsible for so many French deaths in 1914 and 1915. His acceptance of the German signature on the armistice document presented on behalf of the Entente Allies in 1918 has been overshadowed by postwar conflicts over the peace treaty and then over France’s interwar defense policies. This paper argues that with the archival resources at our disposal it is time to examine what Foch actually did in the years be- tween his prewar professorship at the Ecole Supérieure de Guerre and the postwar disputes at Versailles. I The prewar stereotype of the military leader was influenced by military and diplomat- ic developments on the island of Corsica during the eighteenth century that resulted in the Genoese selling the sovereignty of the island in 1768 to France. This meant that Carlo Buonaparte’s son would be a Frenchman and not Italian, thus altering the face of Europe. The achievements of France’s greatest of “great captains” thus became a benchmark for future French military leaders. A French family from the southwest corner of France near the Pyrenees saw service with Napoleon Bonaparte, and in 1832 one member of that family, named Napoleon Foch for the general, consul and empe- ror, married Mlle Sophie Dupré, the daughter of an Austerlitz veteran. Their second surviving son was named Ferdinand.
    [Show full text]
  • Lionel Jospjn
    FACT SHEET N° 5: CANDIDATES' BIOGRAPHIES LIONEL JOSPJN • Lionel Jospin was born on 12 July 1937 in Meudon (Houts de Seine). The second child in a family of four, he spent his whole childhood in the Paris region, apart from a period during the occupation, and frequent holidays in the department of Tam-et-Garonne, from where his mother originated. First a teacher of French and then director of a special Ministry of Education school for adolescents with problems, his father was an activist in the SFIO (Section franr;aise de l'intemationale ouvrierej. He was a candidate in the parliamentary elections in l'lndre in the Popular Front period and, after the war, the Federal Secretary of the SFIO in Seine-et-Marne where the family lived. Lionel Jospin's mother. after being a midwife, became a nurse and school social worker. EDUCATION After his secondary education in Sevres, Paris, Meaux and then back in Paris, lionel Jospin did a year of Lettres superieures before entering the Paris lnstitut d'efudes politiquesin 1956. Awarded a scholarship, he lived at that time at the Antony cite universitaire (student hall of residence). It was during these years that he began to be actively involved in politics. Throughout this period, Lionel Jospin spent his summers working as an assistant in children's summer camps (colonies de vacances'J. He worked particularly with adolescents with problems. A good basketball player. he also devoted a considerable part of his time to playing this sport at competitive (university and other) level. After obtaining a post as a supervisor at ENSEP, Lionel Jospin left the Antony Cite universifaire and prepared the competitive entrance examination for ENA.
    [Show full text]
  • Programmation De France Médias Monde Format
    Mardi 14 mars 2017 RFI ET FRANCE 24 MOBILISEES A L’OCCASION DE LA JOURNEE DE LA LANGUE FRANCAISE DANS LES MEDIAS Lundi 20 mars 2017 Le 20 mars, RFI et France 24 s’associent à la troisième édition de la « Journée de la langue française dans les médias », initiée par le CSA, dans le cadre de la « Semaine de la langue française et de la Francophonie ». A cette occasion, RFI délocalise son antenne à l’Académie française et propose une programmation spéciale avec notamment l’annonce dans l’émission « La danse des mots » des résultats de son jeu « Speakons français » qui invitait, cette année, les auditeurs et internautes à trouver des équivalents français à des anglicismes courants utilisés dans le monde du sport. France 24 consacre reportages et entretiens à l’enjeu de la qualité de la langue française employée dans les médias qui, plus qu’un simple outil de communication, est une manière de comprendre le monde en le nommant. Les rédactions en langues étrangères de RFI sont également mobilisées, notamment à travers leurs émissions bilingues, qui invitent les auditeurs à se familiariser à la langue française. Celles-ci viennent appuyer le travail du service RFI Langue française, qui à travers le site RFI SAVOIRS met à disposition du grand public et des professionnels de l’éducation des ressources et outils pour apprendre le français et comprendre le monde en français. Enfin, France 24 diffusera, du 20 au 26 mars, les spots de sensibilisation « Dites-le en français » , réalisés par les équipes de France Médias Monde avec France Télévisions et TV5MONDE.
    [Show full text]
  • Bibliothèque De L'institut De France Rapport D'activité
    BIBLIOTHÈQUE DE L'INSTITUT DE FRANCE RAPPORT D’ACTIVITÉ 2016 par Françoise Bérard, conservateur général, directeur de la bibliothèque, avril 2017 SOMMAIRE Introduction. ....................................................................................................................................... 3 Principaux points 2016 ....................................................................................................................... 4 1. Moyens .......................................................................................................................................... 5 1.1 Budget ................................................................................................................................... 5 1.2 Personnel ............................................................................................................................... 6 1.3 Locaux .................................................................................................................................... 10 1.4 Équipement, fournitures, contrats, travaux .......................................................................... 12 1.5 Moyens informatiques .......................................................................................................... 12 2. Enrichissement des collections .................................................................................................... 14 2.1 Achats ...................................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • French Stewardship of Jazz: the Case of France Musique and France Culture
    ABSTRACT Title: FRENCH STEWARDSHIP OF JAZZ: THE CASE OF FRANCE MUSIQUE AND FRANCE CULTURE Roscoe Seldon Suddarth, Master of Arts, 2008 Directed By: Richard G. King, Associate Professor, Musicology, School of Music The French treat jazz as “high art,” as their state radio stations France Musique and France Culture demonstrate. Jazz came to France in World War I with the US army, and became fashionable in the 1920s—treated as exotic African- American folklore. However, when France developed its own jazz players, notably Django Reinhardt and Stéphane Grappelli, jazz became accepted as a universal art. Two well-born Frenchmen, Hugues Panassié and Charles Delaunay, embraced jazz and propagated it through the Hot Club de France. After World War II, several highly educated commentators insured that jazz was taken seriously. French radio jazz gradually acquired the support of the French government. This thesis describes the major jazz programs of France Musique and France Culture, particularly the daily programs of Alain Gerber and Arnaud Merlin, and demonstrates how these programs display connoisseurship, erudition, thoroughness, critical insight, and dedication. France takes its “stewardship” of jazz seriously. FRENCH STEWARDSHIP OF JAZZ: THE CASE OF FRANCE MUSIQUE AND FRANCE CULTURE By Roscoe Seldon Suddarth Thesis submitted to the Faculty of the Graduate School of the University of Maryland, College Park, in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts 2008 Advisory Committee: Associate Professor Richard King, Musicology Division, Chair Professor Robert Gibson, Director of the School of Music Professor Christopher Vadala, Director, Jazz Studies Program © Copyright by Roscoe Seldon Suddarth 2008 Foreword This thesis is the result of many years of listening to the jazz broadcasts of France Musique, the French national classical music station, and, to a lesser extent, France Culture, the national station for literary, historical, and artistic programs.
    [Show full text]
  • The Palace of Versailles, Self-Fashioning, and the Coming of the French Revolution
    La Belle et la Bête: The Palace of Versailles, Self-Fashioning, and the Coming of the French Revolution La Belle et la Bête: The Palace of Versailles, Self-Fashioning, and the Coming of the French Revolution Savanna R. Teague Abstract While the mass consumption of luxury items is oftentimes described as a factor leading the Third Estate to take action against the First and Second Estates in the buildup to the French Revolution, that spending is presented as little more than salt in the open wounds of a starving and ever-growing population that had been growing evermore destitute since the beginnings of the early modern era. However, the causes and contexts of the conspicuous consumption as practiced by the aristocracy reveal how they directly correlate to the social tensions that persisted throughout the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries until they erupted in the 1790s. The isolation and the dictation of taste and style that Louis XIV commanded through Versailles and State-run luxury workshops became commonplace within a generation after the Fronde in which the nobles had engaged during the previous century. Versailles allowed the new generation of the aristocracy to be placated with petty privileges that developed out of the rigorous court etiquette, and their conspicuous consumption only increased as the need to compete with others at Court and those newly ennobled continued. This study examines a materialistic culture alongside its material culture, focusing on explaining the expenditures of the aristocracy without becoming enamored by the spectacle of wealth itself. The goods and services that the French aristocracy indulged in purchasing were not simply marks of luxury; they represented social ideals about order and privilege.
    [Show full text]
  • State of Populism in Europe
    2018 State of Populism in Europe The past few years have seen a surge in the public support of populist, Eurosceptical and radical parties throughout almost the entire European Union. In several countries, their popularity matches or even exceeds the level of public support of the centre-left. Even though the centre-left parties, think tanks and researchers are aware of this challenge, there is still more OF POPULISM IN EUROPE – 2018 STATE that could be done in this fi eld. There is occasional research on individual populist parties in some countries, but there is no regular overview – updated every year – how the popularity of populist parties changes in the EU Member States, where new parties appear and old ones disappear. That is the reason why FEPS and Policy Solutions have launched this series of yearbooks, entitled “State of Populism in Europe”. *** FEPS is the fi rst progressive political foundation established at the European level. Created in 2007 and co-fi nanced by the European Parliament, it aims at establishing an intellectual crossroad between social democracy and the European project. Policy Solutions is a progressive political research institute based in Budapest. Among the pre-eminent areas of its research are the investigation of how the quality of democracy evolves, the analysis of factors driving populism, and election research. Contributors : Tamás BOROS, Maria FREITAS, Gergely LAKI, Ernst STETTER STATE OF POPULISM Tamás BOROS IN EUROPE Maria FREITAS • This book is edited by FEPS with the fi nancial support of the European
    [Show full text]