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Lacappella Cimiteriale Di 193841

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Lacappella Cimiteriale Di 193841 ERIK BRYGGMAN ARCHITECTURE, PHOTOGRAPHER SIMOARCHITECTURE, RISTA PHOTOGRAPHER © MUSEUM OF FINNISH FINNISH OF MUSEUM © Silvia Micheli laCappella Cimiteriale di 193841 THE CEMETERY CHAPEL IN TURKU Abitare la Terra 23/09 – PER UNA ARCHITETTURA DELLA RESPONSABILITÀ FOR AN ARCHITECTURE OF RESPONSIBILITY 35 1. Veduta interna della Cappella, aula e navatella Veduta interna della Cappella, aula e navatella 2. Veduta esterna della Cappella, portico di ingresso e campanile Veduta esterna della Cappella, portico di ingresso e campanile 3. Modello di studio della Cappella cimiteriale di ARCHITECTURE, PHOTOGRAPHER SIMOARCHITECTURE, RISTA PHOTOGRAPHER Turku Modello di studio della Cappella cimiteriale di Turku 2 FINNISH OF MUSEUM © 3 «Una parete di vetro ininterrotta nella navata laterale che si affaccia sul lato sud permette ai pini che stanno fuori di prendere parte alla forma dello spazio interno e di definire il suo tratto caratteristico [...]». Erik Bryggman «A solid glass wall in the side nave facing south allows the pine trees outside to be part of the shape of the space inside and helps to define its defining traits [...]». Erik Bryggman el 1941, quando l’edificio conosce anche una fortu- n 1941, when the new chitecture d’aujourd’hui, 2 Archi- nell’antica città fin- na internazionale, tanto da essere cemetery chapel was tectural Review3 and Metron 4. landese di Turku documentato sulle pagine delle più completed in the old The Chapel was designed by the viene ultimata la illustri riviste dell’epoca, tra le Finnish city of Turku, Finnish architect Erik William nuova Cappella ci- quali «L’Architecture d’Au- the inhabitants liked it Bryggman (1891-1955), a well- miteriale, l’edificio jourd’hui»2, «Architectural Re- so much that a few known professional from Turku N è accolto dalla po- view»3 e «Metron»4. I years later the follow- and a key figure in modern Finnish polazione con un L’autore della Cappella è l’architet- ing insert appeared in architecture. When Bryggman consenso così am- to finlandese Erik William Brygg- the local newspaper: started his career in the 1920s, pio, che alcuni anni dopo, sulle pa- man (1891-1955), noto professioni- “The inhabitants of Cologne take Finland was experiencing a period gine del quotidiano locale «Uusi sta di Turku ed esponente di rilievo their guests to the Cathedral, in of important economic change Aura», si legge: «Come i cittadini dell’architettura moderna finlande- Turku we hope no-one leaves with- brought on by the political inde- di Colonia conducono i loro ospiti se. Quando Bryggman si appresta a out visiting our new and wonderful pendence achieved in 1917. In- innanzitutto alla Cattedrale, noi intraprendere la professione duran- funerary Chapel”1. The building dustrial development flourished in abitanti di Turku speriamo che te gli anni Venti del XX secolo, la quickly became so famous all over the newly-established Finnish re- nessuno rimanga senza aver visita- Finlandia è segnata da profondi the world that it was published in public, in turn boosting the build- to la nostra nuova e meravigliosa mutamenti economici dovuti al some of the most important maga- ing sector. In keeping with the po- Cappella funeraria»1. Ben presto conseguimento dell’indipendenza zines of the period including L’Ar- litical and economic progress na- PER UNA ARCHITETTURA DELLA RESPONSABILITÀ FOR AN ARCHITECTURE OF RESPONSIBILITY – Abitare la Terra 23/09 36 CAPPELLA tionwide, Bryggman committed Vierumäki (1930-36) and Villa himself to modernising the coun- Warén (1932-33). In these projects, try’s architecture, taking into spe- Bryggman didn’t wholeheartedly cial consideration the Neues Bauen espouse the input of “new architec- movement. In this he worked close- ture”, but he did assimilate its inno- ly with his colleague Alvar Aalto vative ideas and adapted them to lo- who lived in Turku between 1927 cal requirements thanks to his tal- and 1933 5. Together they actively ent, described by Reyner Banham contributed to the formal and con- in an article published in 19576,of structive renewal of Finnish archi- “being very Finnish, yet at the same tecture: the Turku Fair, built in time not at all provincial, capable of 1929,was one of their first joint de- gaining international estimate using signs. Bryggman’s own personal a national style”. The cemetery contributions to the modernisation chapel in Turku is based on this of his country’s architecture include contrast between innovation and the Finnish pavilion at the Antwerp tradition which during the 1930s Expo (1929-30), the Sports Club in makes Finnish architecture one of 4 7 4. Vista esterna della Cappella Vista esterna della Cappella 5. Facciata della Cappella, dettaglio della croce Facciata della Cappella, dettaglio della croce 6. Vista esterna della navatella dal portico Vista esterna della navatella dal portico 7. Planimetria generale del complesso funeario, soluzione definitiva Planimetria generale del complesso funeario, soluzione definitiva 8. Sezione trasversale, soluzione definitiva Sezione trasversale, soluzione definitiva 9. Sezione e prospetto laterale, I fase di concorso (1938) Sezione e prospetto laterale, I fase di concorso (1938) 10. Veduta interna della Cappella, vetrata a fianco dell'altare Veduta interna della Cappella, vetrata a fianco dell'altare 6 politica nel 1917. La neonata re- glione finlandese all’esposizione di pubblica finlandese conosce un ra- Anversa (1929-30), nell’Accade- pido sviluppo industriale e l’attività mia dello Sport di Vierumäki (1930- edilizia riceve un forte impulso. In 36) e in villa Warén (1932-33). In linea con il progresso politico ed questi progetti Bryggman non rece- economico nazionale, Bryggman si pisce incondizionatamente gli im- impegna nell’attuazione dell’aggior- pulsi della “nuova architettura” ma namento architettonico del paese, ne assimila le spinte innovatrici de- con particolare attenzione all’espe- clinandole in termini locali, grazie a rienza del Neues Bauen. In questa quell’abilità «nell’essere regionale prospettiva, Bryggman opera a stret- senza essere provinciale, di susci- to contatto con il collega Alvar Aal- tare una stima internazionale usan- to, che tra il 1927 e il 1933 si stabi- do un idioma nazionale» come reci- lisce a Turku5. Insieme intrapren- ta un articolo di Reyner Banham dono un’azione decisiva per il rin- pubblicato nel 19576. La Cappella novamento costruttivo e formale cimiteriale di Turku è innervata da dell’architettura finlandese, di cui questa tensione tra innovazione e la Fiera di Turku, progettata in col- tradizione che, durante gli anni laborazione nel 1929, è tra i primi Trenta del XX secolo, rende la pro- risultati. L’impegno che Bryggman duzione architettonica finlandese dedica al processo di aggiornamen- tra le più interessanti d’Europa e to dell’architettura nazionale emer- Bryggman tra i suoi migliori inter- ge in modo autonomo già nel padi- preti. Abitare la Terra 23/09 – PER UNA ARCHITETTURA DELLA RESPONSABILITÀ FOR AN ARCHITECTURE OF RESPONSIBILITY CIMITERIALE DI TURKU 37 La vicenda della Cappella ha inizio sul lato sud permette ai pini che the most interesting in Europe and fine its defining traits […]. Groups nel 1938, quando Bryggman riceve stanno fuori di prendere parte alla Bryggman one of its key interpreters. of plants are aligned along the big il primo premio al concorso in due forma dello spazio interno e di defi- The story of the Chapel began in glass window of the side nave and fasi per un nuovo edificio funerario nire il suo tratto caratteristico […]. 1938 when Bryggman was awarded in the sanctuary”8. The idea be- bandito dalla Congregazione evan- Gruppi di piante sono sistemati first prize in a competition for a new hind this explanation is based on gelica luterana di Turku. Il cantiere lungo la grande vetrata della nava- funeral building sponsored by the the concept of luonto [nature], an della Cappella viene aperto nel ta laterale e nel santuario»8. Il si- Evangelical Lutheran church of ancestral value in the history of the 1939 e l’edificio risulta completato gnificato sotteso a questa spiega- Turku. Work began in 1939 and the Finnish population. In the nine- nel 1941. Bryggman prevede un zione si radica nel concetto di luon- building was completed in 1941. teenth century, during the nation- grande volume regolare ad aula uni- to [la natura], un valore ancestrale Bryggman designed a huge regular al-romantic cultural season, the ca, intonacato e con copertura a pa- nella storia del popolo finlandese. volume with a single plastered hall idea that the forest was a place of diglione, preceduto da un portico Nel XIX secolo, durante la stagione preceded by an entrance portico. It divine presence was documented d’ingresso e corredato dalla torre culturale nazional-romantica, had a pavilion roof, bell-tower and in the literary texts of famous au- campanaria e da fabbricati di servi- l’idea della foresta come luogo del- service buildings. Inside the archi- thors including Aleksis Kivi, zio. Internamente l’architetto pro- la presenza divina viene documen- tect designed a spacious room with Zacharias Topelius and Ingeborg getta una spaziosa aula voltata in tata nelle opere letterarie di celebri a concrete vaulted ceiling; its spe- Hellén. According to this interpre- cemento, la cui curvatura irregolare autori quali Aleksis Kivi, Zacha- cial curvature doesn’t appear to fol- tation, the navatella ensures spa- 10 8 ARCHITECTURE, SIMO RISTA PHOTOGRAPHER 9 © MUSEUM OF FINNISH FINNISH OF MUSEUM © non sembra seguire alcuno schema rias Topelius e Ingeborg Hellén. low any particular geometric pat- tial continuity between the forest geometrico né corrispondere a una Secondo questa interpretazione, la tern or building technique, instead and the Chapel and creates a single particolare tecnologia costruttiva, navatella garantisce un rapporto di it seems directly inspired by tradi- temple for God, a sanctuary in ma appare invece mutuata dalla tra- continuità spaziale tra la foresta e la tional seventeenth and eighteenth- which the archaic pagan myth of dizione delle chiese finlandesi del Cappella e permette di ottenere un century Finnish churches7.
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