El Desarrollo De La Comunidad De LACNIC. Una Historia En Construcción

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El Desarrollo De La Comunidad De LACNIC. Una Historia En Construcción El desarrollo de la Comunidad de LACNIC Una historia en construcción Investigación de Carolina Aguerre El desarrollo de la Comunidad de LACNIC Una historia en construcción Investigación de Carolina Aguerre ISBN: 978-9974-94-440-4 2019, Aguerre, Carolina; Registro Regional de Dirección IP Latinoamericano y Caribeño. 2019, Creative Commons: Atribución-NoComercial-Compartir Igual (CC BY-NC-SA). Diseño y realización gráfica (tapa e interior): Laura Barrios y Karina Domínguez Corrección: Lucía Vogelfang Índice Agradecimientos ....................................................................................... 6 Prólogo de Wardner Maia ............................................................................ 7 Prólogo de Oscar Messano ........................................................................... 9 Prólogo de Oscar A. Robles ........................................................................ 11 CAPÍTULO 1 Introducción y Genealogía ..................................................................... 13 Propósitos de la publicación .......................................................................14 El surgimiento de los RIR y el ecosistema en torno a ICANN .................... 16 Línea de tiempo de LACNIC. Principales hitos político-institucionales .......... 24 CAPÍTULO 2 La Construcción de LACNIC y su Comunidad ....................................... 28 El Foro de Redes Académicas de América Latina y el Caribe ...................... 29 Los comienzos de Internet en la región .................................................. 29 La necesidad de una visión regional de las redes académicas nacionales ....... 34 1998: de “café” a “café-café” .................................................................. 44 Proveedores de servicios comerciales en la región ........................................ 50 Desarrollo de los operadores de las redes de datos ...................................... 56 El paso a paso final de la creación de LACNIC .......................................... 58 La consolidación organizacional ............................................................ 62 Un camino de ida .................................................................................. 72 3 CAPÍTULO 3 Construyendo un modelo participativo en la región ........................... 75 Historia de los protocolos IPv4/v6, de la IANA y el surgimiento de los RIRs ................................................................................................ 77 La función de registro antes de los RIR ................................................. 81 LACNIC y la naturaleza multistakeholder del proceso abierto de definición de políticas de recursos numéricos .................................... 85 El surgimiento de los foros técnicos ........................................................... 91 Foro de Operadores de Redes, LACNOG ............................................. 93 Foro de Seguridad de Redes, LACSEC y LAC-CSIRT .......................... 95 Foro de Interconexión, NAPLA ............................................................. 99 Foro para el despliegue de IPv6, FLIP6 ................................................. 99 LAC M3AWG .................................................................................... 100 LACTLD, Asociación de Administradores de Códigos Territoriales en Internet ....................................................................... 100 Las discusiones de gobernanza internacional y el proceso de la CMSI .............................................................................................. 101 El impulso a los diálogos regionales de políticas sobre Internet, LACIGF .......................................................................... 104 La construcción de políticas públicas en la región: eLAC y CITEL .......... 107 CAPÍTULO 4 El fortalecimiento de capacidades para una mejor Internet regional ................................................................................... 111 La Casa de Internet de América Latina y el Caribe ................................... 113 EsLaRed, Internet Society, Premio Jon Postel ............................................ 113 Una Internet abierta, estable, segura ........................................................ 115 FRIDA y la visión de desarrollo de capacidades locales ............................ 118 Premio Trayectoria ................................................................................... 123 4 CAPÍTULO 5 La construcción del futuro de las instituciones en LAC ..................... 126 La transición de la custodia de las funciones de la IANA y la formalización de las instituciones vinculadas a los recursos numéricos ........... 127 Principios y normas orientadas al fortalecimiento de la comunidad en LACNIC y su ecosistema .................................................................... 134 ANEXOS ...................................................................................... 141 Anexo 1 ....................................................................................... 142 Anexo 2 ....................................................................................... 148 Anexo 3 ....................................................................................... 151 REFERENCIAS ............................................................................. 162 Entrevistas .................................................................................... 163 Documentos y bibliografía ............................................................ 165 GLOSARIO DE TÉRMINOS Y ACRÓNIMOS .................................. 174 5 Agradecimientos La realización de este trabajo hubiera sido imposible sin la voluntad de cooperación de las personas entrevistadas y consultadas que se detallan a continuación, en orden alfabético: Martín Aboitiz, Juan Carlos Alonso, Raimundo Beca, Sebastián Bellagamba, Valeria Betancourt, Clara Collado, John Curran, Alexandra Dans, César Díaz, Julián Dunayevich, Raúl Echeberría, Luis Eliecer, Roque Gagliano, Demi Getschko, Hartmut Glaser, Ariel Graizer, Anthony Harris, Pablo Hinojosa, Cristine Hoepers, Ida Holz, Adriana Ibarra, Lito Ibarra, Eduardo Jiménez de Aréchaga, Laura Kaplan, Ernesto Majó, Oscar Messano, Frederico Neves, Christian O’Flaherty, Rodrigo de la Parra, Ricardo Patara, Ray Plzak, Patricio Poblete, Jose Luiz Ribeiro Filho, Adriana Rivero, Oscar Robles, Javier Salazar, Eduardo Santoyo, Arturo Servin, José Soriano, Irene Suffia, Florencio Utreras, Margarita Valdés, Germán Valdez y Cassio Vecchiatti. Sus voces y perspectivas permiten hilvanar una historia sobre redes de personas, de procesos y de infraestructuras, y le brindan un marco de sentido a la creación del registro regional de direcciones IP basado en el compromiso con el desarrollo de la región. Particularmente quisiera agradecer a Raúl Echeberría por la generosidad del tiempo dedicado a las entrevistas y a Oscar A. Robles que, además de las horas de conversación, su rigurosidad y memoria permitieron que la tarea de investigación y escritura de este trabajo fuera mucho menos solitaria. 6 Prólogo de Wardner Maia El desafío de escribir una historia que todavía está en movimiento —una historia que involucra a tantos hechos y actores— es algo admirable. Y Carolina Aguerre lo hace en este trabajo con gran eficiencia y claridad, mezclando pasajes importantes con el debido destaque y relevancia a quienes formaron y aún for- man parte del esfuerzo colectivo de construcción de la comunidad de LACNIC. Impregnada de personas, siglas, organizaciones y situaciones contadas de una forma amena, esta historia es fundamental para entender los motivos técnicos y los hechos que llevaron a la formación de esta comunidad como la conocemos en la actualidad. Esto es de suma importancia, no solo por el registro histórico en sí, sino principalmente para una mejor comprensión del ecosistema de Internet en nuestra región y a nivel global. Como operador que tuvo su primer contacto con un LACNIC ya formado y operativo al solicitar recursos numéricos y que posteriormente fue electo como miembro del Directorio, no puedo dejar de registrar mi impresión par- ticular y observar que el acceso a este trabajo habría ahorrado mucho tiempo de aprendizaje para entender la dinámica de esta comunidad y la propia go- bernanza de Internet con sus innumerables acrónimos y partes involucradas. La continuidad del trabajo de LACNIC es cada vez más importante para el avance de nuestra región dado que, cuando se publique este libro, cerca del treinta por ciento de las ciudadanas y los ciudadanos latinoamericanos y cari- beños todavía no tendrán acceso a Internet. Para enfrentar esa perversa brecha digital, se necesita cada vez más la colaboración de nuevos actores. La comunidad creada en torno a LACNIC protagoniza una historia aún en construcción. Este trabajo aportará mucho valor a su crecimiento y será esencial 7 para la inspiración de todos aquellos que llegan y que serán fundamentales para continuar con esta labor. Wardner Maia Presidente del Directorio de LACNIC Mayo de 2019, San Pablo, Brasil. 8 Prólogo de Oscar Messano Relatar la historia de una organización es una tarea compleja. Si esta or- ganización es sin fines de lucro, como es este caso, la complejidad se acentúa: no hay accionistas que presionen por dividendos, o el mercado pujando con sus competencias. Lo anterior me lleva a desarrollar que lo más importante de cualquier proyecto son las personas. En sus inicios, LACNIC desarrolló sus activi- dades con un puñado de personas en comparación
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