DOCSLIB.ORG

Brasilien Vervain (Verbena Brasiliensis Vell.) in Colkheti flora

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Brasilien Vervain (Verbena Brasiliensis Vell.) in Colkheti flora Annals of Agrarian Science xxx (2017) 1e3 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Annals of Agrarian Science journal homepage: http://www.journals.elsevier.com/annals-of-agrarian- science Brasilien Vervain (Verbena brasiliensis Vell.) in Colkheti flora * I. Sh. Mikeladze , G.K. Bolkvadze, M.V. Metreveli, R.N. Chagalidze, M.U. Davitadze, A.Sh. Sharabidze Batumi Shota Rustaveli State University, Institute of Phytopathology and Biodiversity, 35, Ninoshvili srt., Batumi 6010, Georgia article info abstract Article history: In the modern world one of the most threat for the biodiversity is adventive einvasive species. In Col- Received 21 December 2016 kheti seaside natural, secondary changed plants and wetlands are considered as the main place for plant Accepted 22 February 2017 invasion. The study of alien flora in Colkheti plain started in the first half of the 20-th century. The Available online xxx appearance of foreign plants is connected with introduction of cultural plants, which began in the distant past and continues today. Keywords: In this work the current condition, invasive indicators, bio morphological characteristics and growth- Verbena development properties of new invasive species, South American origin Verbena Brasiliensis spread in Alien fl Invasion Colkheti ora (Western Georgia's seaside part) is given. In Colkheti it is mainly spread in the seaside, Georgia along the roads, along the railroad, on the ruderal places, near channels and rivers, deserted building Colkheti sites, landfills, non-agricultural lands. Verbena Brasiliensis is a perennial, erect, branched, 50e210 cm Biodiversity height. The plant starts flowering in AprileMay and lasts till November. It is distinguished with high reproductivity. Fully grown plant in the second year develops about 90000e100000 seeds. Consequently the area of plant spread is gradually growing. © 2017 Agricultural University of Georgia. Production and hosting by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Introduction identified herbariums using different references and internet sources. The first datas about Verbena Brasiliensis on the territory of Verbena Brasiliensis belongs to Verbenaceae family and Verbena Georgia was referred by Filip Verloove [1]. He studied the sample of genus. Genus is represented with 80 species which are mainly Verbena in Belgium Botanical Garden, which was taken by Vladimir spread in subtropical and tropical countries of America, some of Vashak 1979 near Sokhumi as a Verbena hastata. After studying the them grow in Europe, Asia, Africa and Australia [3], [4]. Three kinds above mentioned sample, it was estimated that this sample was of Verbena genus is described in Georgian Flora [5] [6], [7]. Verbena brasiliensis. Earlier in 1945e1946 the plant was noticed by According to the researches we see that in Georgia Verbena Kolakovski and Sakhokia [2]. For the last ten years Verbena has Brasiliensis is mainly spread in the seaside, along the roads, along been detected near most highways and railway stations, on the the railroad, on the ruderal places, near channels and rivers, banks of channels, rivers and lakes in the lowlands of Western deserted building sites, landfills, non-agricultural lands. We meet Georgia. them on every soils e red soil, black, shingle soil, sandy soil etc. It especially prefers humid and secondary damaged habitats. We have also detected the spread of some samples in agro-cultural Objectives and methods lands. Verbena Brasiliensis is a perennial, erect, branched, 50e210 cm height. The stems are quadrangular. The leaf is petio- The objective of the research was to describe new foreign spe- late, elliptic-lanceolate, pointed at the top and narrow at the bot- cies spread in the seaside of the western Georgia, for this reason we tom. Veins are on both sides. On the sides uneven saw-toothed, held botanical expeditions and phonic descriptions, made and bottom leaves are sometimes spear-like. The flowers are various, blue-violet, bunched at the top 0,5-1,5-4,5-5 cm length and 0,5 sm width which are gathered in a bigger size 15e45 cm length and * Corresponding author. 10e30 cm width panicles. Fruit is a brown, 2,5e3 mm length and E-mail address: [email protected] (I.Sh. Mikeladze). 0,9e1,1 width nutlets. The plant starts flowering in AprileMay and Peer review under responsibility of Journal Annals of Agrarian Science. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aasci.2017.05.013 1512-1887/© 2017 Agricultural University of Georgia. Production and hosting by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http:// creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Please cite this article in press as: I.Sh.-g.S. Mikeladze, et al., Brasilien Vervain (Verbena brasiliensis Vell.) in Colkheti flora, Annals of Agrarian Science (2017), http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aasci.2017.05.013 2 I.Sh. Mikeladze et al. / Annals of Agrarian Science xxx (2017) 1e3 Fig. 1. Brasilien Vervain (Verbena brasiliensis Vell.) - stems and floral branches. Fig. 2. Brasilien Vervain (Verbena brasiliensis vell)- flowers and leaves. Please cite this article in press as: I.Sh.-g.S. Mikeladze, et al., Brasilien Vervain (Verbena brasiliensis Vell.) in Colkheti flora, Annals of Agrarian Science (2017), http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aasci.2017.05.013 I.Sh. Mikeladze et al. / Annals of Agrarian Science xxx (2017) 1e3 3 Fig. 3. Brasilien verbena in winter (Batumi). lasts till November (Figs. 1 and 2). Conclusion It is distinguished with high reproductivity. Fully grown plant in the second year develops about 90000e100000 seeds. Conse- The first samples of south American origin plant Verbena brasi- quently the area of plant spread is gradually growing. Verbena in liensis were detected on the territory of north Colkheti (near the flowering period is intensely used in bouquet making. At this Sokhumi) in the 1940-ies and from there it gradually starts time the plant flowering and seed ripening happens at the same spreading in other parts of Black Sea coastline in Georgia. On the time which helps to spread and widely settle with many abiotic and territory of central and southern part of the Colkheti we described biotic factors. first samples in 2010. The first samples of Verbena were described by us in the Adjara For the last 4e5 years it has reached maximum spreading which seaside in 2010. In 2011 on the territory of Kobuleti Municipality was caused by using this plant in bunch-making and removing along the highway there were some samples which were easy to inert materials from one place to another while working on the count. current highway building process together with many biotic and In 2012 in order to estimate the area spread there was an abiotic factors. expedition in Kobuleti, Poti, Khobi, Zugdidi, Chkhorotsku, Senaki, Abasha, Samtredia, near highways and railways in Ozurgeti and Lanchkhuti. Some samples were detected in humid places near the References channels. In 2013 the first samples of plants were detected in [1] F. Verlove, Verbena brasiliensis (verbenaceae), a new record for the flora of Makhinjauri, at the outfall of the river Korolistskali, Bartskhana Georgia (former Ussr), Syst. Geogr. (2006) 185e189. settlement, on the territory of Batumi, near airport, Gonio landfills. [2] D. Melnikov, Verbena brasiliensis Vell. from the black Sea of the Caucasus, e Since 2014 it has been fixed in Khelvachauri. In 2014e2015 Verbena Turczaninovia 17 (1) (2014) 72 77. [3] P. Yeo, A re-definition of verbena brasiliensis, Kew Bull. 45 (no. 1) (1989) is widely spread not only in humid but also in dry places as well. In 101e115. spreading areas it takes the dominant position and completely [4] A. Kolakovskii, Flora abkhazii, vol. IV, 1986, pp. 92e94. Tbilisi. changes plant environment. It banishes other grassy plants grad- [5] Flora USSR, Leningrad, vol. XIX, 1953, pp. 692e697. [6] Flora of Georgia, Mecniereba, vol. X, 1987, pp. 304e308. Tbilisi. ually they start to grow in agricultural lands. The plant remains [7] R. Gagnidze, Vascular Plants of Georgia-a Nomenclatural Checklist, Universal, green all year round (Fig. 3). Tbilisi, 2005. Please cite this article in press as: I.Sh.-g.S. Mikeladze, et al., Brasilien Vervain (Verbena brasiliensis Vell.) in Colkheti flora, Annals of Agrarian Science (2017), http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aasci.2017.05.013.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Vegetation Community Monitoring at Ocmulgee National Monument, 2011
    National Park Service U.S. Department of the Interior Natural Resource Stewardship and Science Vegetation Community Monitoring at Ocmulgee National Monument, 2011 Natural Resource Data Series NPS/SECN/NRDS—2014/702 ON THE COVER Duck potato (Sagittaria latifolia) at Ocmulgee National Monument. Photograph by: Sarah C. Heath, SECN Botanist. Vegetation Community Monitoring at Ocmulgee National Monument, 2011 Natural Resource Data Series NPS/SECN/NRDS—2014/702 Sarah Corbett Heath1 Michael W. Byrne2 1USDI National Park Service Southeast Coast Inventory and Monitoring Network Cumberland Island National Seashore 101 Wheeler Street Saint Marys, Georgia 31558 2USDI National Park Service Southeast Coast Inventory and Monitoring Network 135 Phoenix Road Athens, Georgia 30605 September 2014 U.S. Department of the Interior National Park Service Natural Resource Stewardship and Science Fort Collins, Colorado The National Park Service, Natural Resource Stewardship and Science office in Fort Collins, Colorado, publishes a range of reports that address natural resource topics. These reports are of interest and applicability to a broad audience in the National Park Service and others in natural resource management, including scientists, conservation and environmental constituencies, and the public. The Natural Resource Data Series is intended for the timely release of basic data sets and data summaries. Care has been taken to assure accuracy of raw data values, but a thorough analysis and interpretation of the data has not been completed. Consequently, the initial analyses of data in this report are provisional and subject to change. All manuscripts in the series receive the appropriate level of peer review to ensure that the information is scientifically credible, technically accurate, appropriately written for the intended audience, and designed and published in a professional manner.
    [Show full text]
  • (GISD) 2021. Species Profile Verbena Brasiliensis. Avail
    FULL ACCOUNT FOR: Verbena brasiliensis Verbena brasiliensis System: Terrestrial Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Plantae Magnoliophyta Magnoliopsida Lamiales Verbenaceae Common name Brazilian vervain (English), gin case (English) Synonym Verbena quadrangularis , Vell. Verbena litoralis , var. brasiliensis Vell. Verbena bonariensis , auct. non L. Verbena litoralis , var. pycnostachya Schauer Verbena litoralis , var. brevibracteata (Kuntze) N. O'Leary Similar species Verbena bonariensis, Verbena litoralis Summary Verbena brasiliensis is a herb native to South America. It displaces native vegetation through most of its non-native range and is considered invasive. Management for Verbena brasiliensis includes avoiding its introduction into new areas and using herbicide where necessary. view this species on IUCN Red List Species Description Verbena brasiliensis is an annual or short-lived perennial herb with erect, hispid, quadrangular stems of 1-2.5 metres in height. Upper branches are 4-9cm long, opposite, and ascending. Opposite, elliptic leaves are simple and serrate, 4-10cm long by 0.8-2.5cm wide. Leaves are generally hispid, with veins on undersides bearing large bristles. Bracted flowers are borne on terminal, loosely arranged spikes which are 0.5-4.5cm long by 4-5cm wide and are arranged in triads. Lanceolate bracts subtend the 5-lobed calyx, which is 2-3.5mm long, with lobes united nearly to the apex. The bluish purple corolla is salverform, zygomorphic, and is exserted from the calyx slightly. The tube is 2.75-3.25mm long and lobes are less than 1mm in length. Bracts, calyx, and corolla tube are all pubescent. Anthers are attatched in the upper part of the corolla tube.
    [Show full text]
  • APPENDIX B Biological Resources Vegetation Species Lists
    Feasibility Investigation Report Restoration of Hydrology along Mobile Bay Causeway December 2015 APPENDIX B Biological Resources Vegetation Species Lists Weston Solutions, Inc. Choccolatta Bay, June 2014 ORDER SALVINIALES SALVINIACEAE (FLOATING FERN FAMILY) Azolla caroliniana Willdenow —EASTERN MOSQUITO FERN, CAROLINA MOSQUITO FERN Salvinia minima Baker —WATER-SPANGLES, COMMON SALVINIA† ORDER ALISMATALES ARACEAE (ARUM FAMILY) Lemna obscura (Austin) Daubs —LITTLE DUCKWEED Spirodela polyrrhiza (Linnaeus) Schleiden —GREATER DUCKWEED ALISMATACEAE (MUD PLANTAIN FAMILY) Sagittaria lancifolia Linnaeus —BULLTONGUE ARROWHEAD HYDROCHARITACEAE (FROG’S-BIT FAMILY) Najas guadalupensis (Sprengel) Magnus —COMMON NAIAD, SOUTHERN NAIAD ORDER ASPARAGALES AMARYLLIDACEAE (AMARYLLIS FAMILY) Allium canadense Linnaeus var. canadense —WILD ONION ORDER COMMELINALES COMMELINACEAE (SPIDERWORT FAMILY) Commelina diffusa Burman f. —SPREADING DAYFLOWER, CLIMBING DAYFLOWER† PONTEDERIACEAE (PICKERELWEED FAMILY) Eichhornia crassipes (Martius) Solms —WATER HYACINTH† Pontederia cordata Linnaeus —PICKEREL WEED ORDER POALES TYPHACEAE (CATTAIL FAMILY) Typha domingensis Persoon —SOUTHERN CATTAIL JUNCACEAE (RUSH FAMILY) Juncus marginatus Rostkovius —GRASSLEAF RUSH † = non-native naturalized or invasive taxa Choccolatta Bay, June 2014 CYPERACEAE (SEDGE FAMILY) Cyperus esculentus Linnaeus —YELLOW NUTGRASS, CHUFA FLATSEDGE† Cyperus strigosus Linnaeus —STRAW-COLOR FLATSEDGE Schoenoplectus deltarum (Schuyler) Soják —DELTA BULRUSH Schoenoplectus tabernaemontani (C.C. Gmelin) Palla
    [Show full text]
  • Flora and Plant Coummunities of Deer Park Prairie
    THE VASCULAR FLORA AND PLANT COMMUNITIES OF LAWTHER - DEER PARK PRAIRIE, HARRIS COUNTY, TEXAS, U.S.A. Jason R. Singhurst Jeffrey N. Mink Wildlife Diversity Program 176 Downsville Road Texas Parks & Wildlife Department Robinson, Texas 76706-7276, U.S.A. 4200 Smith School Road [email protected] Austin, Texas 78744, U.S.A. [email protected] [email protected] Katy Emde, Lan Shen, Don Verser Walter C. Holmes Houston Chapter of Department of Biology Native Prairie Association of Texas Baylor University 2700 Southwest Fwy. Waco, Texas 76798-7388, U.S.A. Houston, Texas 77098, U.S.A. [email protected] ABSTRACT Field studies at the Lawther - Deer Park Prairie Preserve, an area of approximately 21 ha (51 acres) of the Gulf Coast Prairies and Marshes vegetation area, have resulted in a description of the vegetation associations and an annotated checklist of the vascular flora. Six plant com- munity associations occur on the property: (1) the Upper Texas Coast Ingleside Sandy Wet Prairie; (2) Eastern Gamagrass - Switchgrass - Yellow Indiangrass Herbaceous Vegetation; (3) Gulf Cordgrass Herbaceous Vegetation; (4) Texas Gulf Coast Live Oak - Sugarberry Forest; (5) Little Bluestem - Slender Bluestem - Big Bluestem Herbaceous Vegetation, and (6) Natural Depressional Ponds. The checklist includes 407 species belonging to 247 genera and 86 families. Forty-six species are non-native. The best-represented families (with species number following) are Poaceae (84), Asteraceae (68), Cyperaceae (33), and Fabaceae (19). West Gulf Coastal Plain (eastern Texas and western Louisiana) endemics include Helenium drummondii, Liatris acidota, Oenothera lindheimeri, and Rudbeckia texana. One Texas endemic, Chloris texensis, a Species of Greater Conservation Need, is present.
    [Show full text]
  • Lake Marion Creek and Reedy Creek Management Area (2016-2026)
    Lake Marion Creek and Reedy Creek Management Area General Management Plan 2016-2026 South Florida Water Management District, Land Stewardship Section Intentionally left blank 0 Lake Marion Creek and Reedy Creek Management Area General Management Plan 2016-2026 South Florida Water Management District, Land Stewardship Section Lake Marion Creek and Reedy Creek Management Area Ten-Year General Management Plan (2016-2026) January 2016 Land Stewardship Section South Florida Water Management District 3301 Gun Club Road West Palm Beach, Florida 33416-4680 Table of Contents List of Maps & Tables------------------------------------------------------------------- 3 List of Appendices ---------------------------------------------------------------------- 4 Executive Summary ------------------------------------------------------------------- 5 2. Introduction and Management Plan Purpose ------------------------- 7 2.1 Management Area Goals and Objectives ---------------------------------------- 7 3. Site History ---------------------------------------------------------------------- 12 4. Resource Inventory ----------------------------------------------------------- 23 4.1 Hydrology --------------------------------------------------------------------------- 23 4.2 Soils ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 30 1 Lake Marion Creek and Reedy Creek Management Area General Management Plan 2016-2026 South Florida Water Management District, Land Stewardship Section 4.3 Natural Communities -------------------------------------------------------------
    [Show full text]
  • Chapter 3 Part 6.Pmd
    Interstate 73 FEIS: I-95 to North Carolina mitigation involving the use of large tracts of land with linked upland/wetland riparian systems that would provide greater ecological value to the mitigation site. The Draft MOA was presented to the ACT in December 2007, and the proposed provisions of the MOA were discussed. Comments received from the ACT were incorporated into the Draft MOA and redistributed. MOA coordination is currently an ongoing process with the ACT and the regulatory and commenting agencies. Once the type of mitigation that will be used has been determined, a final mitigation plan or mitigation MOA would be submitted along with a permit application for unavoidable wetland and stream impacts. 3.13 Invasive Species 3.13.1 What are invasive species? Invasive species are plants and animals that have been introduced by man into an area where they are not native and they reproduce by either seed or spreading vegetatively by cuttings or roots successfully enough to “invade” the natural landscape to become established or “naturalized.” These plants range in size from simple algae to large shade trees. While there are various definitions for invasive species, most federal agencies have adopted the invasive species definition found in Executive Order 13112, Invasive Species. Executive Order 13112 requires that the species meet two criteria: the plant must be non-native to the particular landscape, and that it may possibly cause economic harm, environmental harm, or harm to human health if introduced into an ecosystem.110 Commonly
    [Show full text]
  • Catalogue of the Naturalized Flora of Taiwan
    Taiwania, 49(1):16-31, 2004 Catalogue of the Naturalized Flora of Taiwan Shan-Huah Wu(1,3), Chang-Fu Hsieh(2), and Marcel Rejmánek(1) (Manuscript received 14 October, 2003; accepted 18 November, 2003) ABSTRACT: This study was conducted in years 2000 to 2003 to compile a comprehensive list of naturalized species with background information, including origins, life forms, habits, usages, year of the first collection, and status. Major herbaria (TAI, HAST, TAIF, and NCKU) were visited to examine specimen records. Relevant publications and reliable websites and many other resources were also examined extensively for background information. Total 341 species in 222 genera and 60 families were documented as naturalized in Taiwan, representing 7.9% of the local flora. Besides, 25 species were considered as possibly naturalized due to insufficient evidences. A large portion (90.6%) of species reported here, were reported as “weeds” in other countries. Almost a half of the naturalized species (48.3%) were introduced from Americas. KEYWORDS: Naturalized plant, Plant invasions, List,Taiwan. INTRODUCTION Despite the recent recognition of the impacts caused by invasive plants worldwide (Mooney and Hobbs, 2000; Vitousek et al., 1997), there are still many regions in the world where basic information on naturalized plant taxa and plant invasions is only anecdotal or completely lacking, e.g. Asia and neighboring regions (Corlett, 1988; Meyer, 2000; Turner, 1995; Enmoto, 1999; Pandey, 2000). In Taiwan, although occasional attention has been paid to the naturalized plants (Chen and Wu 1997; Peng et al. 1998a, 1998b; Peng and Yang, 1998; Chen et al., 1999; Kuoh and Chen, 2000; Chen and Wu, 2001; Yang, 2001; Yang and Peng, 2001), comprehensive studies on invasive species and plant invasions are still missing.
    [Show full text]
  • (Verbenaceae) Laura A. Frost a Dissertation Submit
    Phylogeny and biogeography of Neotropical flowering plant tribe Citharexyleae (Verbenaceae) Laura A. Frost A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy University of Washington 2018 Reading Committee: Richard Olmstead, Chair Caroline Strömberg John Klicka Program Authorized to Offer Degree: Biology ©Copyright 2018 Laura A. Frost University of Washington Abstract Phylogeny and biogeography of Neotropical flowering plant tribe Citharexyleae (Verbenaceae) Laura A. Frost Chair of the Supervisory Committee: Richard Olmstead Biology The New World tropics, or Neotropics, located within tropical latitudes of North and South America, are one of the most diverse ecoregion in the world. However, this diversity is poorly understood in terms of described biodiversity—species numbers are uncertain and collection records are depauperate for many groups distributed in remote locations or dense forest—and patterns of evolution contributing to high diversity—factors underlying speciation in lineages are not well understood. A molecular phylogenetic and systematic study of the Neotropical flowering plant tribe Citharexyleae in the Verbena family (Verbenaceae), which also originated and diversified primarily in the Neotropics, was undertaken in order to describe diversity and understand patterns of evolution in an understudied Neotropical lineage. Chapter 1 comprises a systematic study of tribe Citharexyleae, which describes relationships between the three genera in the tribe (Baillonia (1 species), Citharexylum (ca. 70 species), and Rehdera (2 species)) as well as relationships within Citharexylum, the largest genus. Baillonia is included in Citharexylum and Rehdera is retained distinct. A subgeneric classification including six subgenera system is proposed for Citharexylum, and morphological characters associated with each major clade described.
    [Show full text]
  • Chapter 1 General Introduction
    Chapter 1 General introduction 1.1 Biological invasions Anthropogenic loss of biodiversity is occurring at an unprecedented rate. Invasive species, by altering ecosystem composition, structure and function, are thought to be one of the main causes of this decline (Vitousek et al. 1997). In Australia’s Murray Darling Basin, invasive species, including Phyla canescens, are now considered to be the main threat to its sustainability (Wong et al. 2007). Phyla canescens is also one of the 160 invasive plant taxa considered to be threatening biodiversity in Australian rangelands (Martin et al. 2006), and is identified as threatening the Endangered Ecological Community, Coolibah-Blackbox Woodland in NSW (Coutts-Smith and Downey 2006). Biological invasions, like extinctions, are inevitable consequences of life in a changing world. Past invasions, resulting from events such as continental collisions, sea level changes and long-distance dispersal events, have led to the current distribution of organisms around the world. Human-mediated transport of organisms has simply increased the rate of such events, but the rate of transportation is now so high that we risk homogenising and impoverishing the biological systems upon which we rely (Mack et al. 2000). This homogenisation and impoverishment implies reduced potential to adapt to future change. Presumably any species that can reproduce (i.e. all species) has the potential to become invasive. Even if we consider that all species are potentially invasive, and all habitats potentially invasible, there needs to be a match between the requirements of the invader and the conditions of the recipient environment. A distinction, however, must be made between invaders, colonisers and weeds, three related concepts which have been used ambiguously and inconsistently (Colautti and MacIsaac 2004).
    [Show full text]
  • Environmental Assessment
    National Forests in Alabama June 2012 Environmental Assessment Enhanced Invasive Plant Control National Forests in Alabama Bibb, Calhoun, Chilton, Clay, Cleburne, Covington, Dallas, Escambia, Franklin, Hale, Lawrence, Macon, Perry, Talladega, Tuscaloosa, and Winston Counties, Alabama For Information Contact: Ryan Shurette Supervisor’s Office 2946 Chestnut St Montgomery, AL 36107 334.241.8143 Bicolor lespedeza (Lespedeza bicolor) infestation on the Talladega District. Bicolor displaces native herbaceous vegetation and can alter the fire regime in a stand, due in part to the properties of its leaf litter. This species currently threatens federally-endangered Red-cockaded woodpecker habitat on the NFsAL and is proving to be very difficult to eradicate. The United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) prohibits discrimination in all its programs and activities on the basis of race, color, national origin, sex, religion, age, disability, political beliefs, sexual orientation, and marital or family status. (Not all prohibited bases apply to all programs.) Persons with disabilities who require alternative means for communication of program information (Braille, large print, audio tape, etc.) should contact the USDA's Target Center at 202-720-2600 (voice and TDD). To file a complaint of discrimination, write USDA, Director, Office of Civil Rights, Room 326-W, Whitten Building, 1400 Independence Ave. SW, Washington, DC 20250-9410 or call 202-720-5964 (voice or TDD). USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer. ii Summary All six Ranger Districts of the National Forests in Alabama (NFsAL) have individual district decisions in place to treat Non-native Invasive Plant Species (NNIPS) infestations. The current decisions cover a variety of control methods, including mechanical, hand-pulling, and some herbicide treatments.
    [Show full text]
  • Levels of Phenylpropanoids and Iridoids in Extracts and Infusions of Verbena Minutiflora
    An Acad Bras Cienc (2020) 92(3): e20181116 DOI 10.1590/0001-3765202020181116 Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências | Annals of the Brazilian Academy of Sciences Printed ISSN 0001-3765 I Online ISSN 1678-2690 www.scielo.br/aabc | www.fb.com/aabcjournal CHEMICAL SCIENCES Levels of phenylpropanoids and iridoids in Running title:LEVELS OF extracts and infusions of Verbena minutiflora PHENYLPROPANOIDS AND IRIDOIDS IN GERVÃO KELLY C.N. SOARES, KARLOS EDUARDO PIANOSKI, DAIANE FINGER, CHRISTIANE S. MACHADO, SUELI P. QUINÁIA & YOHANDRA R. TORRES Academy Section: Chemical Abstract: Herein we report for the first time the levels of phenylpropanoids and Sciences iridoids in extracts and infusions of V. minutiflora consumed in Brazil to treat urinary and infectious disorders. An in house validation study demonstrated good accuracy and precision to determine the bioactive compounds in V. minutiflora by HPLC-DAD. e20181116 Phenylpropanoids varied in the extracts (leaves 139.70 to 221.20 mg g-1, flowers 106.43 to 227.22 mg g-1, stems 42.18 to 56.48 mg g-1). Verbascoside occurred in higher concentration in extracts of leaves (87.66 – 136.16) mg g-1 and flowers (58.12 – 148.96) mg -1g than in 92 stems (19.24 – 24.62) mg g-1. Iridoids in extracts were as follows: leaves (46.60 − 54.79) mg (3) g-1, flowers (55.88 − 93.87) mg -1g and stems (40.05 to 61.74) mg g-1. High levels of iridoids 92(3) -1 -1 (314.70 − 415.10) μg mL , phenylpropanoids (1996.39 − 2674.13) μg mL and verbascoside (1029.38 − 1456.42 μg mL-1) in infusions support the popular consume of V.
    [Show full text]
  • 1 Checklist of Plants: Balcones Canyonlands
    CHECKLIST OF PLANTS: BALCONES CANYONLANDS NATIONAL WILDLIFE REFUGE September 24, 2008 Note : Species marked with an asterisk (*) are endemic to Texas (most often confined to just Central Texas or the Edwards Plateau). (I) indicates introduced (non-native) species. Species in square [brackets] are found on lands immediately adjacent to the Refuge and might be expected within the Refuge boundary. SCIENTIFIC NAME COMMON NAME ACANTHACEAE ACANTHUS FAMILY Dyschoriste linearis Narrowleaf dyschoriste, Snake herb Justicia americana American water-willow *Ruellia drummondiana *Drummond wild-petunia Ruellia humilis Low wild-petunia Ruellia metziae Common wild-petunia Ruellia nudiflora var. nudiflora Common wild-petunia Siphonoglossa pilosella Tube-tongue ACERACEAE MAPLE FAMILY Acer negundo Box-elder AGAVACEAE AGAVE FAMILY *Nolina lindheimeriana *Devil's shoestring Nolina texana Sacahuista Yucca arkansana Arkansas yucca Yucca constricta Buckley yucca *Yucca rupicola *Twist-leaf yucca Yucca treculeana Trecul yucca AMARANTHACEAE AMARANTH FAMILY Alternanthera caracasana Mat chaff-flower Amaranthus albus White amaranth Amaranthus palmeri Palmer's amaranth Amaranthus retroflexus Redroot pigweed Amaranthus sp. Amaranth Froelichia gracilis Snake-cotton ANACARDIACEAE SUMAC FAMILY Rhus lanceolata Flameleaf sumac Rhus trilobata var. trilobata Fragrant sumac, skunkbush Rhus virens Evergreen sumac Toxicodendron radicans Poison ivy (prob. 2 vars.) APIACEAE (= Umbelliferae) CARROT FAMILY Bifora americana Prairie bishop Bowlesia incana Hoary bowlesia Centella erecta
    [Show full text]