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Proquest Dissertations Wild Boys: Primitivism and Male Youth in Larry Clark's Photography and Films Zoe' Chan A Thesis in The Department of Art History Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Arts (Art History) at Concordia University Montreal, Quebec, Canada August 2008 © Zoe Chan 2008 Library and Bibliotheque et 1*1 Archives Canada Archives Canada Published Heritage Direction du Branch Patrimoine de I'edition 395 Wellington Street 395, rue Wellington Ottawa ON K1A0N4 Ottawa ON K1A0N4 Canada Canada Your file Votre reference ISBN: 978-0-494-45454-1 Our file Notre reference ISBN: 978-0-494-45454-1 NOTICE: AVIS: The author has granted a non­ L'auteur a accorde une licence non exclusive exclusive license allowing Library permettant a la Bibliotheque et Archives and Archives Canada to reproduce, Canada de reproduire, publier, archiver, publish, archive, preserve, conserve, sauvegarder, conserver, transmettre au public communicate to the public by par telecommunication ou par Plntemet, prefer, telecommunication or on the Internet, distribuer et vendre des theses partout dans loan, distribute and sell theses le monde, a des fins commerciales ou autres, worldwide, for commercial or non­ sur support microforme, papier, electronique commercial purposes, in microform, et/ou autres formats. paper, electronic and/or any other formats. The author retains copyright L'auteur conserve la propriete du droit d'auteur ownership and moral rights in et des droits moraux qui protege cette these. this thesis. Neither the thesis Ni la these ni des extraits substantiels de nor substantial extracts from it celle-ci ne doivent etre imprimes ou autrement may be printed or otherwise reproduits sans son autorisation. reproduced without the author's permission. In compliance with the Canadian Conformement a la loi canadienne Privacy Act some supporting sur la protection de la vie privee, forms may have been removed quelques formulaires secondaires from this thesis. ont ete enleves de cette these. While these forms may be included Bien que ces formulaires in the document page count, aient inclus dans la pagination, their removal does not represent il n'y aura aucun contenu manquant. any loss of content from the thesis. Canada ABSTRACT Wild Boys: Primitivism and Male Youth in Larry Clark's Photography and Films Zoe Chan, M.A. Concordia University, 2008 This thesis examines representations of young males in the photographs and films of the American artist and film-maker, Larry Clark (b. 1943). Known for his graphic and eroticising depictions of mostly delinquent young males often participating in acts of drug use, sex, or violence, Clark's vision of male youth shares many parallels with primitivism. The author argues that primitivism can be articulated not only in Western perspectives of the ethnic "other," but also in its representations of youth in contemporary art, cinema, and visual culture. The thesis identifies some of the major semantic and ideological tropes to which primitivism subscribes, with an emphasis on its nineteenth- and twentieth-century articulations, particularly within the fields of ethnography and Modernist avant-garde art. Through the examination of his representations of subculture, gender, and sexuality in such seminal works as Tulsa (c. 1971) and Kids (1995), we discover how Clark equates male youth with expressions of authenticity and anti- establishment transgression. Moreover, Clark's focus on marginal and delinquent youth groups helps him strategically situate himself as an artist outsider, a coveted position in western art history. Finally, the thesis explores how Clark's style and subject matter has been appropriated and absorbed into the fields of art, film, fashion, and advertising. It concludes that Clark's oeuvre has ultimately contributed to the construction and consolidation of a primitivising iconography and aesthetics of marginal and/or debauched male youth. iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I wish to first and foremost thank my excellent thesis advisor, Dr. Johanne Sloan, for all of her enthusiastic support and enormous encouragement during the writing of my thesis. I will always remember with great fondness our discussions, ones of real dialogue and laughter. She gave me the freedom at all times to explore my barely formed ideas and inarticulately expressed concerns, while reminding me of the necessity and pleasure of returning to the artwork itself. I wish to express my sincere thanks to my readers, Dr. Martha Langford and Dr. Alice Ming Wai Jim, whose insightful feedback and careful revisions helped me hone my final draft. I would also like to thank my good friend and colleague, Mark Clintberg, for his spot-on final corrections and comments, and for telling me when to stop. I would like to show my appreciation to Jon Knowles who first helped me make the link between primitivism and Larry Clark's work. Thanks to my study group for making me feel that I wasn't alone during the writing process. A big thank you to the department head, Dr. Catherine MacKenzie, for all of her much appreciated help and humour. I wish to show my gratitude for the opportunities, both academic and financial, that research assistantships under Dr. Loren Lerner and Dr. Johanne Sloan afforded me. I am extremely grateful to have received the Concordia Art History Department Entrance Scholarship, the J.A. de Seve Entrance Fellowship, and the Morrie and Diane Cohen Graduate Scholarship in Art History during my studies. Finally, I would like to thank my parents and my sister—Molly, Brian, and Lucie—for always believing in my abilities. TABLE OF CONTENTS List of Figures p. vi. Introduction Endless Love: Visions of Youth and Larry Clark's Oeuvre p. 1 Chapter 1 Tracking the Primitive: An Overview p. 22 Chapter 2 Le gout de Vautre: Savage Studies and the Allegiance to Youth p. 49 Chapter 3 He's Gotta Have It: Depictions of Hyper-Masculinity and Male Sexuality p. 86 Conclusion Radical Chic: Mainstreaming an Aesthetic of Male Youth as Primitive p. 120 Bibliography p. 129 Figures p.142 v List of Figures Figure 1: Larry Clark. Larry Clark and Justin Pierce. Colour photograph. Published in Harmony Korine, Kids [screenplay] (London: Faber and Faber, 1995). Figure 2: Black-and-white print advertisement for Calvin Klein's ck one perfume. Figure 3: Collier Schorr. Inside Trip, 2003. Collage of colour C-prints on photo paper. Figure 4: Kehinde Wiley. The Chancellor Seguier on Horseback, 2005. Oil on canvas. 9x12 feet. Figure 5: Althea Thauberger. A Memory Lasts Forever, 2004. Video still. Figure 6: Anthony Goicolea. Premature, 1999. Colour C-print. Edition of 5. 40 x 57 inches. Figure 7: Nikki S. Lee. "Untitled," The Punk Project series, 1997. Colour C-print. 21.2 x 28.2 inches Figure 8: Steven Shearer. Manpile, 1998. Photolaminate & acrylic on canvas. 65.4 x 63 inches. Figure 9: Paul P. Untitled, 2005. Watercolour on paper. 16x12 inches. Figure 10: Edward S. Curtis. Kaistosinikyi "Kill for Nothing. " Blood - Northern Plains, 1926. Photogravure. SlAxl XA inches. Figure 11: Larry Clark. "Untitled," 1963. Black and white photograph. 11x14 inches. Edition of 25. First published in Larry Clark, Tulsa (New York: Lustrum Press, c.1971). Republished in Larry Clark, Tulsa (New York: Grove Press, 2000). Figure 12: Page from Larry Clark, Tulsa (New York: Grove Press, 2000). First published in Larry Clark, Tulsa (New York: Lustrum Press, c.1971). Figure 13: Page from Larry Clark, Tulsa (New York: Grove Press, 2000). First published in Larry Clark, Tulsa (New York: Lustrum Press, c.1971). Figure 14: Top image: Larry Clark. "Untitled," 1963. Black and white photograph. 14 x 11 inches. Edition of 25. First published in Larry Clark, Tulsa (New York: Lustrum Press, c.1971). Republished in Larry Clark, Tulsa (New York: Grove Press, 2000). Bottom image: Larry Clark. "Untitled," 1963. Black and white photograph. 14 x 11 inches. Edition of 25. First published in Larry Clark, Tulsa (New York: Lustrum Press, c.1971). Republished in Larry Clark, Tulsa (New York: Grove Press, 2000). VI Figure 15: Eugene Smith. "Untitled (Dr. Ceriani with injured child)," Country Doctor series, 1948. Black and white photograph. Figure 16: Larry Clark. "Untitled," 1971. Black and white photograph. 14 x 11 inches. Edition of 25. First published in Larry Clark, Tulsa (New York: Lustrum Press, c.1971). Republished in Larry Clark, Tulsa (New York: Grove Press, 2000). Figure 17: Larry Clark. "Untitled," 1971. Black and white photograph. 14x11 inches. Edition of 25. First published in Larry Clark, Tulsa (New York: Lustrum Press, c.1971). Republished in Larry Clark, Tulsa (New York: Grove Press, 2000). Figure 18: Larry Clark. "Untitled," 1963. Black and white photograph. 11 x 14 inches. Edition of 25. First published in Larry Clark, Tulsa (New York: Lustrum Press, c.1971). Republished in Larry Clark, Tulsa (New York: Grove Press, 2000). Figure 19: Larry Clark. "Untitled," 1971. Black and white photograph. 14x11 inches. Edition of 25. First published in Larry Clark, Tulsa (New York: Lustrum Press, c.1971). Republished in Larry Clark, Tulsa (New York: Grove Press, 2000). Figure 20: Larry Clark. "Jonathan Velasquez, South Central Los Angeles, July 4, 2003," 2007. Pigment print. Edition of 3 with 1 artist's proof. 29 1/8 x 42 !4. Published in Larry Clark, Los Angeles 2003-2006 Volume 1 [exhibition catalogue] (New York: Luhring Augustine & London: Simon Lee Gallery, 2007). Figure 21: Larry Clark. "Jonathan, Louie, Eddie, 2004," 2007. Pigment print. Edition of 3 with 1 artist's proof. 55 % x 82 Vz inches. Published in Larry Clark, Los Angeles 2003- 2006 Volume 1 [exhibition catalogue] (New York: Luhring Augustine & London: Simon Lee Gallery, 2007). Figure 22: Larry Clark. "Carlos, Sergio, Porky, Jonathan, Churro, Eddie, Kico, Ricardo, Spermball (Milton), PJ, Armando, 2004," 2007. Pigment print. Edition of 3 with 1 artist's proof. 55 3A x 82 lA inches.
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