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Günümüz Endonezya'sinda Yaġayan Dġnler Ve Ġnançlar

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Günümüz Endonezya'sinda Yaġayan Dġnler Ve Ġnançlar T.C NECMETTĠN ERBAKAN ÜNĠVERSĠTESĠ SOSYAL BĠLĠMLER ENSTĠTÜSÜ FELSEFE VE DĠN BĠLĠMLERĠ ANA BĠLĠM DALI DĠNLER TARĠHĠ BĠLĠM DALI GÜNÜMÜZ ENDONEZYA’SINDA YAġAYAN DĠNLER VE ĠNANÇLAR NANĠK YULĠYANTĠ YÜKSEK LĠSANS TEZĠ DANIġMAN: DOÇ. DR. NERMĠN ÖZTÜRK KONYA – 2018 iv ÖZET Adı Soyadı Nanik Yuliyanti Numarası 148102011072 Ana Bilim / Bilim Felsefe ve Din Bilimleri / Dinler Tarihi Dalı Tezli Yüksek Lisans √ Programı Doktora Öğrencinin Tez Danışmanı Doç. Dr. Nermin Öztürk Tezin Adı Günümüz Endonezya’sında Yaşayan Dinler ve İnançlar v ABSTRACT Name and Surname Nanik Yuliyanti Student Number 148102011072 Philosophy and Religious Sciences / History of Department Religions Master’s Degree (M.A.) √ Study Programme Author’s Doctoral Degree (Ph.D.) Supervisor Doç. Dr. Nermin Öztürk Title of the Thesis Religions and Beliefs in Present-Day Indonesia vi ĠÇĠNDEKĠLER İç Kapak .......................................................................................................................... i Tez Kabul Formu ............................................................................................................ ii Bilimsel Etik Sayfası ...................................................................................................... iii Özet ................................................................................................................................. iv Abstract ........................................................................................................................... v İçindekiler ....................................................................................................................... vi Kısaltmalar ...................................................................................................................... ix Ekler Listesi ................................................................................................................... xiii Önsöz ve Teşekkür ......................................................................................................... xiv Giriş A. Konunun Amaç ve Önemi ......................................................................................... 1 B. Konunun Metod ve Yöntemi ...................................................................................... 3 C. Konunun Sınırlılıkları ................................................................................................ 3 D. Konunun Kaynakları .................................................................................................. 3 E. Endonezya Hakkında Genel Bilgiler .......................................................................... 4 BĠRĠNCĠ BÖLÜM ENDONEZYA’DAKĠ RESMȊ DĠNLER A. İslȃm ........................................................................................................................... 10 a. Endonezya’ya İslȃm’ın Gelişi ................................................................................ 10 a.a. Ticaret Yollarının Etkisi .................................................................................. 10 a.b. Tasavvufun Etkisi ........................................................................................... 13 b. İslȃm’ın Endonezya Kültürü ile Asimilasyonu ...................................................... 18 c. Bugünkü Endonezya’daki Müslümanların Durumu .............................................. 23 c.a. Endonezya’daki İslȃm Devleti Savunan Radikal Gruplar ............................... 27 c.b. Endonezya’nın Büyük İslȃm Örgütü ve Sapkın Olarak Düşünülen İslȃm Akımları .......................................................................................................... 32 c.b.a. Endonezya’nın Büyük İslȃm Örgütü ..................................................... 36 c.b.b. Endonezya’da Sapkın Olarak Düşünülen İslȃm Akımları .................... 36 i. Şiilik ................................................................................................. 36 ii. Ahmediye......................................................................................... 38 iii. El-Kiyade el-İslȃmiye (Al-Qiyadah al-Islamiyah) .......................... 40 iv. Lia Eden ........................................................................................... 41 v. Yusman Roy (Gus Roy) ................................................................... 41 B. Hristiyanlık (Katoliklik ve Protestanlık) .................................................................... 42 a. Endonezya’ya Hristiyanlığın Gelişi ........................................................................ 42 a.a. Katoliklik .......................................................................................................... 42 a.b. Protestanlık ....................................................................................................... 46 b. Misyonerlik Faaliyetleri ve Kiliselerin Birlikleri ................................................... 48 b.a. Protestanlığın Misyonerlik Faaliyetleri ............................................................ 50 b.b. Katolikliğin Misyonerlik Faaliyetleri .............................................................. 57 vii b.c. Endonezya’daki Kiliselerin Birlikleri .............................................................. 60 c. Hristiyanlığın Endonezya Kültürü ile Asimilasyonu .............................................. 64 d. Bugünkü Endonezya’daki Hristiyanların Durumu ................................................. 72 C. Hinduizm ve Budizm ................................................................................................. 79 a. Endonezya’ya Hinduizm ve Budizm’in Gelişi ...................................................... 79 b. Hinduizm ve Budizm’in Endonezya Kültürü ile Asimilasyonu (Endonezya’da Hintleşme) .............................................................................................................. 85 c. Bugünkü Endonezya’daki Hinduların Durumu ..................................................... 90 c.a. Endonezya’nın Yerel Hinduizmi (Hindu Bali) veya Hindistan’dan Gelen Hinduizmi ....................................................................................................... 91 c.b. Eğitimde Hinduizm ......................................................................................... 98 c.c. Sai Baba Hareketi ........................................................................................... 103 d. Bugünkü Endonezya’daki Budistlerin Durumu ..................................................... 104 D. Konfüçyanizm ............................................................................................................ 111 a. Endonezya’ya Konfüçyanizm’in Gelişi ................................................................. 111 b. Konfüçyanizm’in Endonezya Kültürü ile Asimilasyonu ve Endonezyadaki Yasalarında Konumu ............................................................................................. 114 b.a. Endonezya’nın Konfüçyanizm’i Resmen Tanınmasının Ardından Değişen Durumu .......................................................................................................... 115 b.b. Endonezya’daki Konfüçyüsçü Kuruluşlar ve Çinlilerin Birliği .................... 119 c. Bugünkü Endonezya’daki Konfüçyüsçülerin Durumu ......................................... 123 ĠKĠNCĠ BÖLÜM ENDONEZYA’DAKĠ GAYRȊ RESMȊ DĠNLER A. Bahȃȋlik ...................................................................................................................... 128 a. Endonezya’ya Bahȃȋliğin Gelişi ............................................................................. 128 b. Bugünkü Endonezya’daki Bahȃ’ilerin Durumu .................................................... 130 B. Sihizm ........................................................................................................................ 133 a. Endonezya’ya Sihizm’in Gelişi ............................................................................. 133 b. Bugünkü Endonezya’daki Sihlerin Durumu .......................................................... 136 C. Yahudilik .................................................................................................................... 137 a. Endonezya’ya Yahudiliğin Gelişi .......................................................................... 137 b. Bugünkü Endonezya’daki Yahudilerin Durumu ................................................... 139 ÜÇÜNCÜ BÖLÜM ENDONEZYA’DAKĠ ĠNANÇLAR A. Ateizm ........................................................................................................................ 143 B. Ruh veya Doğaüstü Güce İnançlar ............................................................................. 147 a. Animizm ................................................................................................................. 149 a.a. Batı Sumatra’daki Mentawai Kabilesinin İnancı ............................................ 150 a.b. Suku Anak Dalam Toplumun İnancı .............................................................. 151 b. Atalara Tapınma .................................................................................................... 152 b.a. Sulawesi’deki Toraja Kabilesi’nin İnancı ....................................................... 154 viii b.b. Maluku Adalarındaki Buru Kabilesi’nin İnancı ............................................. 155 c. Dinamizm (Mana veya Jimat) ............................................................................... 156 c.a. Açe Toplumunda mana ..................................................................................
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