SONG AND SCENERY; OR, ^ Rummer |(mnlrU in ^wtlani JAMES C. MOFFAT, PROFESSOR OF CHURCH HISTORY IN PKIN'CETON, NEW JERSEY; AUTHOR OF "a COMPARATIVE HISTORY OF RELIGIONS." ' Songs of my native Innd, To me how dear 1 Songs of my infancy. Sweet to mine ear ! Entwined with my youthtul days, Wi' the bonny banks and braes, . Where the winding burnie strays, Murmuring near." BARONESS NAIRNE. '; \ NEW YORK: ; >s^-:jH; . L. D. l^OBERTSON, 117 WALKER STREET. 1874. Entereil according to Act of Congress, in the year 1S73. by L. D. ROBERTSON, in the oftlce of the Librarian of Congress, at Washington, D. C. %%5 Hi (.1 REV. JOHN MACLEAN, D.D., LL.D. EX-PRESIDENT OF PRINCETON COLLEGE ^his li^olume is r^espectfully inscijibed, BY THE AUTHOR. CHAPTER I. PAGE Society at Sea —A Herald of approaching Death—Paths of the Ocean—Ireland—Lough Foyle — First sight of Scottish Land and Sea^Firth of Clyde, 9 CHAPTER IL General Features of Scottish Scenery --Compared with Switzer- land — First sight of Edinburgh —Hawthornden—Roslyn— William Dunbar— Abbotsford, . .20 CHAPTER IIL Melrose — Cowdenknowes — Thomas of Erceldoune—Hawick— Teviotdale — John Leyden — Jedburgh — Kelso — Thomas Pringle—Berwick—Tweedside, 33 CHAPTER IV. To Lindisfarne —The Island —The Ruins —The Missionaries from lona—Aidan—Finan—Conflict with Canterbury— Cuthbert — Posthumous Adventures of St. Cuthbert—Fate of Holy Island —Poetry about it, 44 — CONTENTS. CHAPTER V. PAGE Eskdale — Kirkconnel—Annandale—The Bruces—Ettrick—-The Ettrick Shepherd—Yarrow, 66 CHAPTER VI. Lochmaben —The Castle of the Bruces —The Lochmaben Hai-per —Moffat—Craigie Burn Wood—The "Grey Mare's Tail"— Lanarkshire—The Douglas—Castle Dangerous, . 76 CHAPTER VII. Nithsdale —Burns—Allan Cunningham—The Randolphs —Gallo- way—Paul Jones — Sweetheart Abbey— Queen Mary's Last Journey in Scotland—Loch Ken—Mary's Dream—The Wild Scot of Galloway — Sir Archibald the Grim —The McClellans —The Gordons of Kenmure— Samuel Rutherford — Dr. Thomas Brown, ........ 86 CHAPTER VIII. The Southern extremity of Scotland—The Packman Poet Castle-Kennedy —Viscount Stair —The Bride of Lammer- moor—Lochryan —Captain Ross —The Rover of Lochryan — First Church in Galloway—Ninian—Mission to Ireland —Port-Patrick, 100 CHAPTER IX. Newton- Stewart—Glen Cree—A Picturesque Country—Alex- ander Murray—The Covenanters in Galloway— Old Mor- tality— Sir Walter Scott—Joseph Train, .... 120 CHAPTER X. Hills of Carrick—The Land of Burns —The Doon—Ayr—Henry the Minstrel — Highland Mary—Burns— Paisley—Tannahill —Robert Allan—Glasgow—Kelvin Grove, . 134 — CONTENTS. CHAPTER XT. PAGB West Highlands—The Clans -Argyll—The MacCallum More- - The Land of Lome—The Macdougals—A general view of the Land of Ossian — Mull —The Macleans—Artornish Castle—The Macdonalds —Lord of the Isles—lona—Staffa, 149 CHAPTER XII. Leading Clans of the Middle Ages —Dunstaffnage—The Stone of Destiny —Treaty of Artornish —The Macleans of Duart Extent of their Dominion—The Lady Rock, . 166 CHAPTER XIIL The Country of Ossian —Loch linnhe — Clan Stewart of Appin —Poems of Ossian — Glencae —Ben Nevis— Lochiel —The Cameron Country—Charles Edward Stewart—Rising of the Clans in 1745— Macdonald of Clan Ronald—Inverlochy, . 177 CHAPTER XIV. Glenmore-nan-Albin— The Caledonian Canal —Culloden— Inver- ness —Macbeth—Macpherson's Farewell — "Where Gadie Rins," 191 CHAPTER XV. Aberdeen—Beattie— Scenes of Byron's Childhood— Marischal College— Old Aberdeen — Barbour —Johnof Fordun —King's College — Hector Boetius —John Bellenden, . 20a CHAPTER XVL Howe of the Mearns —Lochlee—Alexander Ross —Strathmore Montrose—The Great Marquis— His Highland Campaign As a Poet —Perth — King James I. — Scottish Poets of the Fifteenth Century— Dundee—McCheyne— Religious Revi- val, 215 CONTENTS. CHAPTER XVII. PAGK St. Andrews—Her University —Knox — Buchanan—Sir David Lindsay—Poetry and the Reformation— St, Andrews in the Reformation —Dingin' doun of the Cathedral — Art and Religion, 231 CHAPTER XVIII. Sir Patrick Spens —The Historical Theme of that Ballad — Ballad Recitation — Origin of Scottish Popular Ballads —Scottish Love of Music, 244 CHAPTER XIX. Linlithgow — Falkirk — Stirling ^ Stirling Castle — Greyfriars Church -The Cemetery —View from the Castle Battle of Stirling — Wallace as a General — Bannockburn — Resem- blance to Waterloo, ....... 258 CHAPTER XX. King James V. — His Patronage of Letters -Friend of the Com- mons—Excursions among them —Lady of the Lake — Its Scenery —Loch Lomond—Dumbarton— Conclusion, . 274 ; PREFACE. A wide and interesting topic lies in the relations of man to his material abode. This volume touches only one point of it, and that in the slightest and most inci- dental way. The bonds of affection between us and external nature are of our own creating, are the tenderest and most con- trolling over those in whom imagination has the greatest power ; and yet are most practical for all ; and, in their various degrees, represent the intellectual character of nations. The love of a people for the land of their birth and residence is the spring of some of the noblest and purest features of human nature, and is strongest in the best. The scenery of a country always imprints itself more or less upon national character, while the character of an imaginative people arrays itself around their scenery, and clothes it like a garment. All their own most pleasing and highly valued thoughts and feelings they impute to their native land : they animate it with their own lives PREFACE. and their own noblest exploits, their heroism and their piety emblazon its localities. A reciprocity exists between a people and the land they occupy ; but that which is given varies, in relation to what is received, in proportion to the degree of intellectual activity and culture. Stupid bar- barians accept little, and return less. From them earth receives no attractive colors of human adventure, or of gentle and lovely affections. An educated and imagina- tive people identify their land with themselves and their history, and receive from it new inspiration for enterprise and virtue. Man and external nature, as seen in the light of imagi- nation, are the two hemispheres of the poetical world ; and that, no matter what the actual style of the scenery may be, —the rich plains of northern Italy, the blooming farms of southern England, or the mountains of Switzer- land and Savoy. It is a mistake to conceive of mountain countries as alone the abodes of song. The scenes most familiar to Shakspeare's eye, perhaps all he ever saw, are rich and fair, but of low level, nowhere more than rolling or hilly; and, although the poets of northern Italy had the Alps and Apennines in sight, it is remarkable how little they made of them. Their poetry finds its favorite themes among the cities and the plains. On the other hand, the poets of Greece, of northern England and of Scotland abound in imagery drawn from their picturesque scenery. PREFACE. They never tire in describing or alluding to their mountains, lakes, rivers, woods and seas, and the various atmospheric changes, the effects of sunshine and cloud among them. It may be as benevolent an arrangement of the Creator, as it is certainly a very remarkable fact, that some of those lands which have least to give for man's material being, elicit in the highest degree the allegiance of his heart. Such I think is the case of Scotland. The Scottish muse seems to love the border region where man and nature meet, and where nature exacts the most disinterested attachment. This love of material earth, this affectionate drapery thrown around it—notwithstanding Scotland's Puritanism —may it never be less, —I cannot think of as other than practical gratitude to the Creator, and would fondly believe that a pure enjoyment of the works of God in this world must have some tendency to prepare the spirit for the fuller enjoyment of them in a world which is holier and more beautiful. It surely added nothing to the sanctity of the most laborious saint of the middle ages that he was able to travel a whole day by the lake of Geneva without looking at it. Princeton, September, 1873. SONG AND SCENERY; OR, A Su7ii77ier Ramble iit Scotland. CHAPTER I. FROM NEW YORK TO THE CLYDE. SOCIETY AT SEA—A HERALD OF APPROACHING DEATH—PATHS OF THE OCEAN—IRELAND- LOUGH FOYLE — FIRST SIGHT OF SCOTTISH LAND AND SEA—FRITH OF CLYDE. PLEASANTER company has seldom come together than that which met in the saloon of the steamship ''Anglia^' at noon of the nth May, 1872. From various States of the Union, from Canada, from Wales, from Ireland, from Scotland and from Germany, brought together only by the pursuit of their own respective ends, they showed from the first a light-hearted gentle courtesy, and sincere purpose to make each 7 lO A SUMMER RAMBLE IN SCO 'LAND. Other happy. A Hvely Httle steamer, crowded with friends of some of the passengers, ornamented with a semi-rainbow of flags, and resonant with song, accompanied us down the bay. Before reaching Sandy Hook, she came alongside, and received some who had remained with us, wilhng to postpone their parting to the last. After we had passed that final point of land, she closed in once more, and greeted us with the hearty chorus of " Auld Langsyne." Our pilot then left us, and with a farewell from the mouth of her cannon on the part of the ''Anglia^' and three sonorous roars from her engine, responded to with three emulous screams and a yell from our lively little convoy, we parted—the latter to return to the busy haunts of men, and we to pursue our lonely way into the wilderness of waters. Much as has been written and sung, and that very spiritedly, about "Life on the Ocean Wave," and of being ''Rocked in the Cradle of the Deep," of " A wet sheet and a flowing sea," and all that, it must be admitted that the first experience of landsmen on the ocean wave is anything but poetical.