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Borneo XXXXIX – Schismatoglottis Antu, a New Species Allied to Schismatoglottis Gui

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Borneo XXXXIX – Schismatoglottis Antu, a New Species Allied to Schismatoglottis Gui Wong and Boyce, 2015 ...Schismatoglottis antu, a new species allied to Schismatoglottis gui Studies on Schismatoglottideae (Araceae) of Borneo XXXXIX – Schismatoglottis antu, a new species allied to Schismatoglottis gui Wong Sin Yeng Department of Plant Science & Environmental Ecology Faculty of Resource Science & Technology Universiti Malaysia Sarawak 94300 Kota Samarahan Sarawak, Malaysia [email protected] Peter C. Boyce Honorary Research Fellow Institute of Biodiversity and Environmental Conservation (IBEC) Universiti Malaysia Sarawak 94300 Kota Samarahan Sarawak, Malaysia [email protected] ABSTRACT KEY WORDS Ongoing fieldwork in the north western Araceae, Schismatoglottis, Borneo, Malaysia, part of the “Heart of Borneo” has revealed Indonesia, Sarawak, Kalimantan, Heart of a new species of Schismatoglottis allied to the Borneo. recently described and enigmatic Schismatoglottis gui and S. camera-lucida. This novelty is here described and illustrated as INTRODUCTION Schismatoglottis antu S. Y. Wong & P. C. Boyce, The World Wide Fund for Nature’s sp. nov. “Heart of Borneo” initiative – http://wwf.panda.org/what_we_do/where _we_work/borneo_forests/ – sets out to both protect and undertake research in an extensive area of Borneo (Figure 1). While a significant part of the HoB initiative Aroideana VOL 38E NO 2, 2015 31 Wong and Boyce, 2015 ...Schismatoglottis antu, a new species allied to Schismatoglottis gui Figure 1. Map showing the extent of the ‘Heart of Borneo’ area. Wikimedia Commons. focusses on animals, there is a plant element Schismatoglottis antu S. Y. Wong & P. C. – Boyce, sp. nov. Type: Malaysian Borneo, http://wwf.panda.org/what_we_do/where Sarawak, Sri Aman, Lubok Antu, Sungai _we_work/borneo_forests/about_borneo_ Engkari, Nanga Segerak, Sungai Segerak, forests/borneo_animals/borneo_plants/ – 01°24‘53.3”N 112°00’15.6”E, 19 Mar. 2015, which agreeably includes flora other than Wong Sin Yeng, P.C. Boyce & Bada ak Chendai carnivorous plants, horticulturally significant AR- 5183 (holo SAR!; iso SBC). orchids, and giant-flowered holoparasites. Figures 2 & 3A. Aroid-focused fieldwork in the northern part of the HoB area has revealed Diagnosis numerous taxonomic novelties, some of Schismatoglottis antu most closely resembles them perplexing as to affinity (Boyce & Schismatoglottis camera-lucida P. C. Boyce & S. Wong, 2014a), of which we are here Y. Wong and S. gui P. C. Boyce & S. Y. describing a further absorbing species of Wong. From S. camera-lucida, S. antu is the genus Schismatoglottis. diagnosed by the lower spathe opaque (not Aroideana VOL 38E NO 2, 2015 32 Wong and Boyce, 2015 ...Schismatoglottis antu, a new species allied to Schismatoglottis gui translucent) at anthesis. Additionally the impressed adaxially, raised abaxially; cylindrical (not fusiform) staminate flower interprimary veins barely distinguishable zone, and blunt, bullet-shaped (not tapering) from the primaries; secondary veins appendix are differential. Schismatoglottis antu tessellate abaxially and darker than may be distinguished by the solitary (not surrounding tissue. Inflorescences solitary; fascicled) inflorescences, and the cylindrical peduncle slender, ca 5 cm long × 2 mm (vs obconic) staminate flower zone about wide, not emerging from the sheath during equalling (vs half as long) as the appendix. anthesis, extending during fruiting, pale From both S. gui and S. camera-lucida differs green; spathe weakly constricted; lower by the fully pendulous leaf blades with a spathe ellipsoid, ca 2 cm long × 5 mm very pronounced drip-tip. wide, somewhat fleshy, pale green; spathe limb narrowly triangular, ca 4 cm long, acute, gaping very slightly at pistillate Description anthesis, weakly inflating during staminate Small, dense-clumping evergreen, anthesis to form a narrow slit the length facultative rheophytic herbs pendulous to ca mid-portion of the spathe limb, limb white, 25 cm. Stem epigeal, elongated and rooting- rostrum green, limb deliquescing post ascending, terminal active portion densely anthesis to the constriction, into a greenish leafy, older portions naked. Leaves white slime, lower spathe persisting. Spadix pendulous, thinly chartaceous, ca 5 per slightly shorter than the spathe, sessile, ca 5 module but modules very closely cm long,; pistillate flower zone ca 1/3 the aggregated, subtended by a short, stiff length of the spadix, ca 1.5mm × 4 mm, prophyll ca 2 cm long, with the prophyll weakly obconic, strongly obliquely inserted sheath wings hyaline and transparent; on the spathe/peduncle; pistils rather lax, petioles up to 4.5 cm long, sheathing for ca compressed-globose, ca 1 × 0.6 mm, ½ their length, ascending, petiole above the creamy white; style very short, narrower petiolar sheath carinate, the dorsal edges than the ovary; stigma ca 1/2 width of the sharp, petiole glossy dark green, asperous; ovary, capitate, medium yellow, glossy-wet at petiolar sheath persistent, margins hyaline, pistillate anthesis; interpistillar more-or-less transparent, open, decurrent; staminodes reduced to a partial row of blade up to 25 × 5 cm, oblanceolate, base squat polygonal staminodes at the base of decurrent to weakly cuneate, apex broadly the pistillate zone; interstice ca 2 mm long, acute and extended into a ca 8 cm long drip- wider than the pistillate flower zone, tip terminating in short tubular mucro, covered with mushroom-shaped staminodes blades rich semi-glossy green adaxially, ca 1 mm diam., the tops rounded, dull matte pale green abaxially; midrib white, becoming sticky-wet at staminate conspicuous, shallowly impressed adaxially, anthesis; staminate flower zone ca 7mm × rounded-raised abaxially; primary lateral 3mm, cylindrical, ivory; staminate flowers veins about 15 per side, somewhat very densely arranged, 2-staminate, although Aroideana VOL 38E NO 2, 2015 33 Wong and Boyce, 2015 ...Schismatoglottis antu, a new species allied to Schismatoglottis gui Figure 2. Schismatoglottis antu S. Y. Wong & P. C. Boyce. A. Plants in habitat, Type locality. B. Detail of the drip-tips. C. Petiole bases showing the persistent petiolar sheath and the asperous texture of the petiole. D & E. Inflorescence at pistillate anthesis. F. Inflorescence at staminate anthesis, nearside spathe artificially removed. All from Wong et al. AR-5183. Images: © P. C. Boyce. Aroideana VOL 38E NO 2, 2015 34 Wong and Boyce, 2015 ...Schismatoglottis antu, a new species allied to Schismatoglottis gui Figure 3. Comparison of spadix of: A. Schismatoglottis antu S. Y. Wong & P. C. Boyce; B. Schismatoglottis gui P. C. Boyce & S. Y. Wong; and C. Schismatoglottis camera-lucida P. C. Boyce & S. Y. Wong. Image A: from Wong S. Y. et al. AR-5183; B: from Wong S. Y. & P. C. Boyce AR-3536; C: from Wong S. Y. & P. C. Boyce AR-3894. Images: © P.C.Boyce. Aroideana VOL 38E NO 2, 2015 35 Wong and Boyce, 2015 ...Schismatoglottis antu, a new species allied to Schismatoglottis gui difficult to distinguish individual flowers; which other species these three are related. stamens globose, vaguely dumbbell shaped, As noted in Boyce & Wong (2014) connective embedded and + invisible; molecular analyses are needed. thecae opening by a tiny single pore; appendix ca 1 cm long, bullet-shaped, Schismatoglottis gui and S. camera-lucida are composed of irregularly oval staminodes, granite-restricted, the occurrence of S. antu individually shallowly concave with a raised on shales is another example of locally rim, ivory. Infructescence enclosed within occurring species on specific geologies (see: a fleshy persistent spathe, the orifice of Boyce & Wong, 2014b, c, d; Wong & Boyce, which is only slightly constricted and does 2014a, b) not coincide with the spathe constriction, erect; fruits not observed. Other material examined: MALAYSIAN BORNEO. Sarawak. Sri Aman, Lubok Distribution — Schismatoglottis antu is so Antu, Sungai Engkari, Nanga Segerak, far known only from the Sungai Segerak Sungai Serjanggut, 01°24’45.5”N and the joining Sungai Serjanggut where it is 112°00’19.4”E, 17 Mar 2015, Wong Sin Yeng, locally abundant but with individual P.C. Boyce & Bada ak Chendai AR-5162 populations scattered. (SAR); Sri Aman, Lubok Antu, Sungai Engkari, Nanga Segerak, Sungai Serjanggut, Ecology — Schismatoglottis antu occurs on 01°24’46.5”N 112°00’18.5”E, 17 Mar 2015, very shaded riverside shale and earth banks Wong Sin Yeng, P.C. Boyce & Bada ak Chendai under moist lowland gallery forest at ca 350 AR-5167 (SAR). m asl. Etymology — From the Iban language, ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS antu – a ghost or demon. The species This is part of on-going research funded epithet was selected in mutual reference to by the Ministry of Higher Education, Lubok Antu, the District in which falls the Malaysia by the Exploratory Research Grant SW part of Lanjak Entimau Wildlife Scheme Vote No. NRGS/1089/2013-(03) Sanctuary from where S. antu originates, and and Fundamental Research Grant Scheme also by way of connotation to one of the Vote No. two other most similar species: FRGS/STWN10(01)985/2013(26). The Schismatoglottis gui. authors wish to extend their appreciation to Sarawak Forestry Corporation for Notes — In spite of the discovery of facilitating fieldwork in Lanjak Entimau. this species, and the evident similarity of S. Thanks to Nickson Robi, SFC, for logistical antu, S. gui (Figure 3B), and S. camera-lucida advice, and to Embahalbana Jangoh, Bada (Figure 3C), it is still far from clear to Ak Chendai, Augustine Kuas Ak Kenawang, Aroideana VOL 38E NO 2, 2015 36 Wong and Boyce, 2015 ...Schismatoglottis antu, a new species allied to Schismatoglottis gui and Ambau Ak Tajing (‘Edwin’) for their Boyce, P. C. & S. Y. Wong. 2014d. Studies boating skills and hard work enabling our on Schismatoglottideae (Araceae) of journey to Nanga Segerak. We wish also to Borneo XXX – New species and express our gratitude to TR Bada Ak combinations for Bucephalandra Chendai of Rumah Nanga Talong for the Schott. Willdenowia 44: 149–199. warm hospitality extended to us during our two stays at Nanga Talong. Wong S. Y. & P. C. Boyce. 2014a. Studies on Homalomeneae (Araceae) of Borneo XVII: Two new species of granite- REFERENCES restricted Homalomena from NW Sarawak.
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