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Formula Index Page numbers in lightface refer to entries in Volumes I and 2; page numbers in boldface refer to entries in Volume 3. CS H 9 N02 S2 Abromine Cheiroline 284 C6 H 13 N03 CSHll N02 3: 4-Dihydroxy-2-piperine methanol Salicornine 1196 170 CS H 14 N 2 0 Fagomine 194 Arachine 167 Galegine 613 C6 H6 N2 0 2 C7 H 6 N 2 0 2-( 2-Cyan oeth y 1)-3 -iso x alin-5 -one Nudiflorine 1028 130 C7 H 7 N02 C6 H 7 N03 Trigonelline 1338 Gentianaine 624 C7 Hs N4 0 2 Gentiocrucine 626, 204 Theobromine 1322 C6 HSNI Theophylline 1323 N-Methylpyridinium iodine 302 C7 H 9 N 3 0 4 C6 H 9 NO Willardiine 1413 Guvacine 648 C7 H9 N3 S Isoguvacine 648 Zapotidine 436 C H NO 6 ll C7 H9 N4 0 2 Alkaloid CP-P 62 Isowillardiine 788 N-F ormylpiperidine 197 C7 H lO N4 0 2 C6 H 12 N 2 0 2 Lathyrine 826 Prurienine I 137 C7 H ll N02 C 6 H 13 N Arecaidine 168 N-Methylpiperidine 300 Guvacoline 649 (+)-a-Pipecoline 1108 C7 H 12 N 2 0 C6 H 13 NO N-Depropionylcorticasine 451 N-Methylpiperidine N-oxide 300 N orloline 1017 C6 H 13N02 C7 H13 NO 439 Bellaridine 197 Arecoline 169 C7 H 13 N02 1/3: 2/3--Epoxy-la-hydroxymethyl- Stachydrine 1260 8-pyrrolizidine 524 C7 H 13 N03 CS H 14 N 20 Betonicine 204 F estucine 575 Turicine 1349 Loline 855 C7 H 1S N CSH1SN 2: 6-Dimethylpiperidine 173 'Y-C oniceine 321 C7H17 NO CS H 15 NO Alkaloid AS-l 28 1/3-Hydroxymethyl-8H-/3 C7H 17 N03 pyrrolizidine 718 Acetylcholine 5 ( - )-Hygrine 72 7 C7H21 N20 Isopelletierine 769 Temuline 1292 Laburnine 820 CS H7 N02 (±)-Pelletierine 1088 Gentianadine 624 ( - )-Pelletierine 1089 Cs Hs N2 0 2 1/I-Pelletierine 1089 Ricinine 1179 Physoperuvine 339 CS H9 N02 Retronecanol 1172 Loroquine 858 Trachelantamidine 1333 CS H 9 N03 CS H 1S N02 I-Methyl-5-carbomethozy-a­ Dihydroxyheliotridane 478 pyridone 291 Dihydroxytropane 480 CSH9 NS02 3a: 6/3--Tropanediol 1343 3-(6-Amino-9-H-purin-9-yl)­ Turneforcidine 1350 propionic acid 72 CSH1SN02S2 CS H lON 204 Gerrardoline 633 Leucaenine 841 CS H 1S N03 Mimosine 966 3 :4: 5-Trihydroxyoctahydro-l­ CSH lON402 pyrindine 1338 Caffeine 234 CS H16 N02 CsHn N Stachydrine ethyl ester 1260 Alkaloid V A-A 118 CSH16N202 Nicotoine 1003 Prurienine 1137 CSH12_14N2 CS H17N Alkaloid HE-A 80 (+)-Coniine 321 CS H13 N (-)-1: 2 :6-Trimethylpiperidine I-Methylenepyrrolizidine 947 410 CS H 13 NO CSH17NO 7a-Hydroxy-l-methylene-8/3- Conhydrine 320 pyrrolizidine 717 a-Conhydrine 320 CSH 13N02 Hygroline 728 Arecolidine 169 Sedridine 1216 440 C9HSN2 4-Methoxy-a-hydroxy-l3- 4-Methyl-2:6-naphthyridine 955 phenethylamine 929 C9 HSN2 0 C9 H 13 N4 0 4 Glycorine 639 Eritadenine 535 C9HSN 202 C9H,sNO Glycosmicine 640 1-Methoxymethyl-l : 2-dehydro- C9 H9 N02 8a-pyrrolizidine 931 Gentianidine 624 C9H,sN02 3-Methoxycarbonyl-5-vinylpyridine Chysine A 292 923 113,213-Epoxy-l-a-methoxymethyl- Resedine 357 8-a-pyrrolizidine 525 C9H lON2 7-Hydroxy-l-methoxymethyl-l : 2- Myosmine 982 dehydro-8-pyrrolizidine 715 C9HllN 7a-Hydroxy-l-methoxymethyl- N oractinidine 314 1: 2-dehydro-8-a-pyrrolizidine 715 C9 H U NO Alkaloid LP-A 51 (+ )-l-(methoxycarbonyl) 6: 7 -Dihydro-6-hydroxy-7 -methyl- pyrrolizidine 922 5H-2-pyridine 469 C9 H,6NO Gentialutine 203 (+ )-Aza-I-methylbicyclo [3,3,1)- Isogentialutine 244 nonan-3-one 189 Leptorhabine 263 C9H,7NO Methylisopelletierine 951 C9Hll N02 Alkaloid CA-A 32 N-Methy1pelletierine 957 Alkaloid GT-A 79 C9H'9 N Gentiatibetine 204 N-Methyl-( + )-coniine 941 C9Hll N03 N-Methyl-( - )-coniine 941 Geoffroyine 626 C9H,9NO C9Hll N3 0 (+ )-Methylallosedridine 936 N-Nitrosonornicotine 314 C9H20N404 C9Hll Ns0 3 Alkaloid EF-A 44 Deoxyeritadenine 156 ClO HSN2 C9 H'2 N2 Nicotelline 1001 (+ )-N ornicotine 1019 ClO H9NO (-)-Nornicotine 1020 Echinopsine 502 C9 H 13 N Pediculidine 1083 N-Methyl-l3-phenethylamine 958 C lO H9 N02 C9 H 13 NO Gentianine 625 Halostachine 654 C lO H9 N03 N-Methyltyramine 964 N oroxyhydrastinine 1021 (-)-Norephedrine 1013 Siam in 373 (+)-Nor-l/I-ephedrine 1014 1: 2: 3 :4-Tetrahydro-6 ;7- C9 H 13 N02 methylenedioxy-l- 441 oxoisoquinoline 393 Tecostidine 1290 CIOHIONO C lO H 13 N02 Pediculine 1084 Longimammamine 267 ClOH lON20 Oliveri dine 1041 Nicotyrine 1004 C lO H13 N03 ClO H lON 20 Damascenine 389 Glomerine 638 ClO H13 NS ClOHllNO Triacanthine 1335 Boschniakine 212 ClOH14N2 Indicaine 740 Anabasine 143 Pedicularidine 1083 Nicotimine 1002 ClOHll N02 Nicotine 1002 Cantleyine 249 ClO H 14 N2 0 Pediculerine 1083 Cis-Nicotine-I' -N-oxide 313 Plan tagonine 1113, 341 Trans-Nictine-I' -N-oxide 313 ( - )-Plantagonine 341 ClOH14N203 Thesinisine 403 Damascinine 389 ClOHll N03 Pilocarpidine 1105 Alkaloid G-II1 44 ClOH1SN Gentioflavine 626 3: 4: 5: 6-Tetrahydro-2-(pentadienyl) ClOHll N04 pyridine 393 I: 2: 3:4-Tetrahydro6: 7- ClOH1SNO dihydroxyisoquinoline-3- Anhalinine 153 carboxylic acid 390 Ephedrine 5 18 ClOH12N2 Hordenine 696 (-)-Anatabine 147 Jaksartinine 252 (±)-Anatabine 147 Logimammine 268 Isonicoteine 768 N-Methyl-4-methoxyphenethyla- C lO H 12 N 2 0 mine 953 4-Aminoquinoline methohydroxide (+ )-Pseudoephedrine 349 72 C lO H 1S N02 Serotonine 371 3 :4-Dimethoxyphenethylamine ClO H 12 N 4 0 3 483 Alkaloid AL-A 45 {3-0-Methylsynephrine 961 ClO H 12 N 4 0 4 C lO H 1S N03 Nebularine 992 3-Demethylmescaline 153 ClO H13 N ClOH16 N2 Actinidine 19 Convolvicine 326 ClO H 13 NO Hystrine 734 Longimammadine 267 C lO H 16 N2 0 Longimammidine 268 Smipine 374 Longimammosine 268 ClOH16N202 Pediculinine 1084 Decorticasine 405 442 Lolinine 856 Robustinine 359 Lepistine 263 Cll H 12 Nd C lO H17 N02 I: 2-Dimethylquinol-4-one 488 3~-Acetoxytropane 4 Echinorine 502 Acetyllaburnine 10 Cll H12N2 Chysine B 293 Deoxypeganine 157 C lO H 17 N03 Cll H 12 N2O 30i.-Acetyl-6~-hydroxytropane 7 Alkaloid OS-I 52 ClO H 17 N 3 0 Homoglomerine 694 Dolichotheline 494 Peganol 1086 ClOH17N704 Plectocomine IllS Saxitoxin 365 Vasicine 1367 ClOH18N202 Cll H 12 N20 2 Alkaloid RL-A 105 Pegamine 1085 Siaframine 1234 Cll H 12 N20 3 ClOH19 N Jasminine 795 Dendroprimine 443 Cll H 13 NO Nor-N-methylskytanthine 316 Alkaloid GI-A 45 Saurenine 1206 3: 6: 6:-Trimethyl-5: 6-dihydro-7H- C lO H 19 NO 2-pyrindin-7 -one 410 Lupinine 866 C ll H 13 N02 Nitramine 1006 Echinine 176 Tetralupine 1302 N-2-Hydroxyethylcinnamide Virgilidine 1398 709 4-Methoxy-I-methyl-2-quinolone ClOH21 NO Halosaline 654 931 C H N0 ClOH22N4 ll 13 3 Sphaerophysine 1255 Alkaloid J-I 48 Alkaloid PF-I 53 C ll H9 N03 Anibine ISS Cantleyine 100 5: 6-Dihydro-6-hydroxy-6- Cll HlON2 5-Methyl-2: 3'-bipyridine 938 methoxycarbonyl-7-methyl-7H­ cyc10pentapyridine 468 Cll H lON 2 0 Deoxyvasicinone 449 Gentianamine 204 Thalifoline 399 CllH lON 2 0 2 Alkaloid OS-2 52 Cll H 13 N sOBr2 Vasicinone 1367 Dibromophakellin 455 (±)-Vasicinone 419 C ll H 14 N2 Cll Hll N03 Dipterine 491 Doryphornine 175 Gramine 642 Edulitine 507 (-)-N-Methylanatabine 936 Folifidine 585 Cll H 14 N2 0 Gentianamine 203 Cytisine 388 443 Cll H 1S NO Cll HlSN2 Valerianine 1364 Daucine 396 C ll H 15 N02 CnHlsN202 Bractamine 92 N-Depropionylcorticasine Corypalline 341 butyramide 451 Salsoline 1198 N -Depropionylcorticasine (+ )-Salsoline 363 isobutyramide 452 (±)-Salsoline 363 Cll H19 N s C ll H 1S N03 Do -Dehydroskytanthine 417 Alkaloid AL-I 21 C ll H 19 N02 Anhalamine 152 Tropine propionate 414 C ll H 1S N04 C ll H 19 N02 S4 N-Formylnormacromerine 591 Gerrardine 632 Cll H16 N2 Cll H21 N (-)-N-Methylanabasine 936 a-Skytanthine 1232 !3-Skytanthine 1232 C n H 16 N 2 0 2 Isopilocarpine 772 'Y-Skytanthine 1233 Pilocarpine 1105 o-Skytanthine 1233 !Ji-Pilocarpine 1106 Cll H21 NO 4(a)-Hydroxyskytanthine 721 Cll H16 N S Br 4-Bromophakellin 213 7(a)-Hydroxyskytanthine 231 C llH 17 NO Hydroxyskytanthine I 722 N-Methylephedrine 947 Hydroxyskytanthine II 722 (+)-N-Methyl-!Ji-ephedrine 947 /3-Skytanthine N-oxide 1233 O-Methylhordenine 951 Tecostanine 1290 Tecomanine 1289 Cll H21 N3 Pterogynidine 1145 Cn H 17 N02 Andrachnine 149 Pterogynine 1145 N-Methyl-3: 4-dimthoxy-/3- Cll H21 N30 3 phenethylamine 945 Shaksine 279 C ll H 17 N03 Isochaksine 752 7-/3-Acetoxy-methoxymethyl-l: 2- C 12 HsN 2 0 dehydro-8a-pyrrolizidine 3 Perlolidine 1095 N ormacromerine 1017 C 12 H9 N02 Tetrahydrocantleyine 389 Dictamnine 459 CllH 17 N/ C 12 H9 N03 Di( tetrahydropyridoimidazolinium) Confusameline 118 493 7-Hydroxy-4-methoxyfuro 2,3-b Cll H 17N 3 0 quinoline 714 Alchornine 42 Robustine 358 Arenaine 82 C 12 H9 N 3 N ormacrorine 1018 Cn H 1S NO Candicine 247 C 12 H lON2 444 Alkaloid PI-I 102 Alkaloid AL-III 22 Harmanine 212 Anhalonine 154 C l2 H lO N 2 0 6a,7-Didehydroaporheine 461 Harman 659 Hydrocotarnine 702 I-Hydroxymethyl-J3-carboline 717 N-MethYlcorydaldine 941 C l2 H l1 N04 Cl2H1SN04 Casimiroine 260 Alkaloid AL-VI 22 C l2 H 12 N2 Thalidaldine 399 Dihydroharman 165 C12 H I6 NO+ C 12 H 12 N 2 0 Indicainine 740 Harmalol 659 C 12 H16 N2 6: 7: 8: 9-Tetrahydropyrido 2,I-b Dimethyltryptamine 489 quinazolin-II-one 1300 C 12 H I6 N 2 0 C 12 H 13 N02 Bufotenine 217 Alkaloid PN-A 103 Caulophylline 269 Shihunine 1226 I: 5-Dimethoxy-(3-dimthyla- C 12 H 13 N03 minomethyl)indole 171 F olimine 196 5-Methoxy-N-methyltryptamine C 12 H 13 N04 931 Halfordamine 652 Methylcytisine 943 Thalflavine 1305, 396 C 12 H I7 N C12 H I4 N2 Nigrafactine 1004 Alkaloid GPZ-2 79 C 12 H n N02 Calligonine 242 O-Methylcorypalline 942 Eleagnine 5 12 N-Methyl-6: 7 -dimethoxytetrahydro- 2-Methyltetrahydro-J3-carboline isoquinolone 945 961 N-Methylisosalsoline 297 Tetrahydroharman 1296 ( - 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    The CheIllistry of Peyote Al.kaloids! GOVIND J. KAPADIA AND M. B. E. FAYEZ Department of Pharmacognosy and Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Howard University, Washington, D.C. 20001 The fact that several publications, reporting new constituents and biogenetic pathways of peyote, have appeared since the publication of our latest review article (I)-and surely more to come-and the organization of this Symposium all testify that interest in peyote is still far from extinguished. In the lapse of only the past 18 months, fifteen additional constituents of peyote have been reported, bringing the total number of identified constituents of this resourceful cactus to 56 at the time of writing this article. The earliest chemical studies with peyote were made by Lewin (2) in 1888 who isolated the first crystalline constituent, namely the tetrahydroisoqui- noline alkaloid anhalonine (XXXVIII; for structures, cf. table 1). With the realization that the latter compound possessed no hallucinatory effects, vigorous research was continued to discover the active principle. The studies of Heffter (3-8) towards the end of the century resulted in the discovery of three additional tetrahydroisoquinolines, pellotine (XXXV), anhalonidine (XXX), and lophophorine (XLI) and the identification of mescaline (XVII), a il-phene- thylamine, as the hallucinogenic principle of the drug. In 1899, another alkaloid, anhalamine (XXI), was isolated by Kauder (9). Ernst Spath must be ac- credited for the structure elucidation and the synthesis of all these alkaloids, publishing his results in a series of reports from 1919 and extending the scope of his investigations to include alkaloids from other Cactaceae up to 1939 (10-28).
  • Sheltering Urban Aboriginal Homeless People Table of Contents

    Sheltering Urban Aboriginal Homeless People Table of Contents

    Sheltering Urban ASSESSMENTAboriginal OF SITUATION Homeless AND NEEDS People In collaboration with The Institute of Urban Studies, University of Winnipeg 1 November 2007 • Prepared by Andrew Webster We really appreciate you coming here and seeing our problems. You say you’ll tell it like it is. We believe you. But why is it they want to hear what some professor guy from Ottawa has to say? We’ve been telling the feds our problems all along. I guess they just don’t write any of it down. Representative of an urban Aboriginal shelter. Sheltering Urban ASSESSMENTAboriginal OF SITUATION Homeless AND NEEDS People Table of Contents Foreword by the Author ..................................................................7 Executive Summary ........................................................................9 Part 1 – Introduction .....................................................................17 Background .........................................................................................................17 Scope of the Project ..............................................................................................17 Methodology .......................................................................................................19 General Approach ................................................................................................ 19 Data Requirements ................................................................................................ 19 Ethical Considerations...........................................................................................
  • Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic Aspects of Peyote and Mescaline: 1.596 Clinical and Forensic Repercussions

    Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic Aspects of Peyote and Mescaline: 1.596 Clinical and Forensic Repercussions

    Send Orders for Reprints to [email protected] 184 Current Molecular Pharmacology, 2019, 12, 184-194 REVIEW ARTICLE ISSN: 1874-4672 eISSN: 1874-4702 Impact Factor: Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic Aspects of Peyote and Mescaline: 1.596 Clinical and Forensic Repercussions BENTHAM SCIENCE Ricardo Jorge Dinis-Oliveira1,2,3,*, Carolina Lança Pereira1 and Diana Dias da Silva1,2 1IINFACTS - Institute of Research and Advanced Training in Health Sciences and Technologies, Department of Sci- ences, University Institute of Health Sciences (IUCS), CESPU, Rua Central de Gandra, 1317, 4585-116 Gandra PRD, Portugal; 2UCIBIO/REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, Porto, 4050-313, Portugal; 3Department of Public Health and Forensic Sciences, and Medical Education, Faculty of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Alameda Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal Abstract: Background: Mescaline (3,4,5-trimethoxyphenethylamine), mainly found in the Peyote cac- tus (Lophophora williamsii), is one of the oldest known hallucinogenic agents that influence human and animal behavior, but its psychoactive mechanisms remain poorly understood. Objectives: This article aims to fully review pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of mescaline, focusing on the in vivo and in vitro metabolic profile of the drug and its implications for the variability of response. Methods: Mescaline pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic aspects were searched in books and in PubMed (U.S. National Library of Medicine) without a limiting period. Biological effects of other compounds found in peyote were also reviewed. A R T I C L E H I S T O R Y Results: Although its illicit administration is less common, in comparison with cocaine and Cannabis, it has been extensively described in adolescents and young adults, and licit consumption often occurs in religious and therapeutic rituals practiced by the Native American Church.
  • Biosynthetic Studies on Mescaline and Related Cactus Alkaloids'

    Biosynthetic Studies on Mescaline and Related Cactus Alkaloids'

    .icu: rtuum. tniecicu 5, 275-J02 (1971) Biosynthetic studies on mescaline and related cactus alkaloids' JAN LUNDSTRoM Ttepurlmeni of Pharmacognosy, Formaceuiiska Fakulieten, Box 680'1, S-11386 Stockholm In this survey, the following papers will be discussed and will be referred to by the Roman numerals given in the following list. Some unpublished results are also presented. L J. Lundstrom and S. Agurell. Thin-layer chromatography of the peyote alkaloids. Journal of Chromatography 30, 271 (1967). II. J. Lundstrom and S. Agurcll. Gas chromatography of peyote alkaloids.A new peyote alkaloid. Journal of Chromatography 36, 105 (1968). Ill. J. Lundstrom and S, Agurell. Synthesis of specifically labelled substituted .8-phenethylamines, Acta Pluirm. Suecica 7,247 (1970), IV, S. Agurell, J. Lundstrom and F. Sandberg.Biosynthesis of mescaline in peyote, Tetrahedron Letlers 2433 (1967). V, J. Lundstrom and S. Agurell, Biosynthesis of mescaline and anhalamine in peyote. Tetrahedron Letters 4437 (1958). VI. S, Agurcll and J, Lundstrom, Apparent intermediates in the biosynthesis of mescaline and related tetrahvdroisoquinolines. Chemical Communica- tions 1638 (1968), 1 Inaugural dissertation. 275 / I J. LUNDSTRo?rf YII. S. Agurell, J. Lundstrom and A. Masoud. Cactaceae alkaloids VII. Alkaloids of Ecliinocereus merkeri. Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 58, 1413 (1969). YIII. J. Lundstrom and S. Agurell. Biosynthesis of mescaline and other peyote alkaloids. Abh. d. Deutsch.Akad, Wissenschaften (Berlin). In press. IX. J. Lundstrom and S. Agurell. A complete hiosynthctic sequence from tyrosine to mescaline in two cactus species. Tetrahedron Letters 3371 (1969) . X. J. Lundstrom. Biosynthesis of mescaline and 3,4-dimethoxyphenethyl- amine in Trichocereus pacliatioi Br&R .