DOCSLIB.ORG

WASHINGTON STATE PATROL Materials Analysis Controlled

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
WASHINGTON STATE PATROL Materials Analysis Controlled WASHINGTON STATE PATROL Materials Analysis Controlled Substances Training Manual February 2016 Washington State Patrol Crime Laboratory Division Contents 1 INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................................. 5 1.1 PURPOSE AND SCOPE ....................................................................................................... 5 1.2 ORGANIZATION OF THE TRAINING MANUAL ................................................................... 5 2 CONTROLLED SUBSTANCE ANALYSIS OVERVIEW ............................................................................... 7 2.1 OBJECTIVES ........................................................................................................................ 7 2.2 TOPIC AREAS ....................................................................................................................... 7 2.3 SUGGESTED READING ....................................................................................................... 9 2.4 STUDY QUESTIONS ............................................................................................................ 9 2.5 PRACTICAL EXERCISES ..................................................................................................... 9 3 CHEMISTRY PRINCIPLES ................................................................................................................. 10 3.1 OBJECTIVES ...................................................................................................................... 10 3.2 TOPIC AREAS ..................................................................................................................... 10 3.3 SAFETY ............................................................................................................................... 13 3.4 SUGGESTED READING ..................................................................................................... 13 3.5 STUDY QUESTIONS .......................................................................................................... 14 3.6 PRACTICAL EXERCISES ................................................................................................... 15 4 CHEMICAL SCREENING ................................................................................................................... 16 4.1 OBJECTIVES ...................................................................................................................... 16 4.2 TOPIC AREAS ..................................................................................................................... 16 4.3 SAFETY ............................................................................................................................... 16 4.4 SUGGESTED READING ..................................................................................................... 17 4.5 STUDY QUESTIONS .......................................................................................................... 17 4.6 PRACTICAL EXERCISES ................................................................................................... 17 5 MICROCRYSTALLINE TESTING ......................................................................................................... 19 5.1 OBJECTIVES ...................................................................................................................... 19 5.2 TOPIC AREAS ..................................................................................................................... 19 5.3 SAFETY ............................................................................................................................... 20 5.4 SUGGESTED READING ..................................................................................................... 20 5.5 STUDY QUESTIONS .......................................................................................................... 21 5.6 PRACTICAL EXERCISES ................................................................................................... 21 6 PIPETTES ....................................................................................................................................... 23 6.1 OBJECTIVES ...................................................................................................................... 23 6.2 TOPIC AREAS ..................................................................................................................... 23 6.3 SAFETY ............................................................................................................................... 23 6.4 SUGGESTED READING ..................................................................................................... 23 6.5 STUDY QUESTIONS .......................................................................................................... 23 6.6 PRACTICAL EXERCISES ................................................................................................... 24 7 REFERENCES & RESOURCES .......................................................................................................... 25 7.1 OBJECTIVES ...................................................................................................................... 25 7.2 TOPIC AREAS ..................................................................................................................... 25 7.3 SAFETY ............................................................................................................................... 25 7.4 SUGGESTED READING ..................................................................................................... 25 7.5 STUDY QUESTIONS .......................................................................................................... 26 7.6 PRACTICAL EXERCISES ................................................................................................... 26 8 MEASUREMENT UNCERTAINTY ........................................................................................................ 28 8.1 OBJECTIVES ...................................................................................................................... 28 8.2 TOPIC AREAS ..................................................................................................................... 28 8.3 SAFETY ............................................................................................................................... 31 8.4 SUGGESTED READING ..................................................................................................... 32 8.5 STUDY QUESTIONS .......................................................................................................... 32 8.6 PRACTICAL EXERCISES ................................................................................................... 33 9 COCAINE ........................................................................................................................................ 34 9.1 OBJECTIVES ...................................................................................................................... 34 9.2 TOPIC AREAS ..................................................................................................................... 34 9.3 SAFETY ............................................................................................................................... 35 Controlled Substances Training Manual Page 2 of 87 Revision February 19, 2016 Approved by CLD Manager All Printed Copies are Uncontrolled Revision 3 Washington State Patrol Crime Laboratory Division 9.4 SUGGESTED READING ..................................................................................................... 36 9.5 STUDY QUESTIONS .......................................................................................................... 36 9.6 PRACTICAL EXERCISES ................................................................................................... 37 10 DESIGNER DRUGS .......................................................................................................................... 38 10.1 OBJECTIVES ...................................................................................................................... 38 10.2 TOPIC AREAS ..................................................................................................................... 38 10.3 SUGGESTED READING ..................................................................................................... 39 10.4 STUDY QUESTIONS .......................................................................................................... 39 10.5 PRACTICAL EXERICES ..................................................................................................... 40 11 GHB/GBL/1,4-BUTANEDIOL .......................................................................................................... 41 11.1 OBJECTIVES ...................................................................................................................... 41 11.2 TOPIC AREAS ..................................................................................................................... 41 11.3 SUGGESTED READING ..................................................................................................... 42 11.4 STUDY QUESTIONS .......................................................................................................... 42 11.5 PRACTICAL
Load more

Recommended publications
  • INVESTIGATION of NATURAL PRODUCT SCAFFOLDS for the DEVELOPMENT of OPIOID RECEPTOR LIGANDS by Katherine M
    INVESTIGATION OF NATURAL PRODUCT SCAFFOLDS FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF OPIOID RECEPTOR LIGANDS By Katherine M. Prevatt-Smith Submitted to the graduate degree program in Medicinal Chemistry and the Graduate Faculty of the University of Kansas in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. _________________________________ Chairperson: Dr. Thomas E. Prisinzano _________________________________ Dr. Brian S. J. Blagg _________________________________ Dr. Michael F. Rafferty _________________________________ Dr. Paul R. Hanson _________________________________ Dr. Susan M. Lunte Date Defended: July 18, 2012 The Dissertation Committee for Katherine M. Prevatt-Smith certifies that this is the approved version of the following dissertation: INVESTIGATION OF NATURAL PRODUCT SCAFFOLDS FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF OPIOID RECEPTOR LIGANDS _________________________________ Chairperson: Dr. Thomas E. Prisinzano Date approved: July 18, 2012 ii ABSTRACT Kappa opioid (KOP) receptors have been suggested as an alternative target to the mu opioid (MOP) receptor for the treatment of pain because KOP activation is associated with fewer negative side-effects (respiratory depression, constipation, tolerance, and dependence). The KOP receptor has also been implicated in several abuse-related effects in the central nervous system (CNS). KOP ligands have been investigated as pharmacotherapies for drug abuse; KOP agonists have been shown to modulate dopamine concentrations in the CNS as well as attenuate the self-administration of cocaine in a variety of species, and KOP antagonists have potential in the treatment of relapse. One drawback of current opioid ligand investigation is that many compounds are based on the morphine scaffold and thus have similar properties, both positive and negative, to the parent molecule. Thus there is increasing need to discover new chemical scaffolds with opioid receptor activity.
    [Show full text]
  • Impact of Using Organic Yeast in the Fermentation Process of Wine
    processes Article Impact of Using Organic Yeast in the Fermentation Process of Wine Balázs Nagy 1, Zsuzsanna Varga 2,Réka Matolcsi 1, Nikolett Kellner 1 , Áron Szövényi 1 and Diána Nyitrainé Sárdy 1,* 1 Faculty of Horticultural Science Department of Oenology, Szent István University, 1118 Budapest, Hungary; [email protected] (B.N.); [email protected] (R.M.); [email protected] (N.K.); [email protected] (Á.S.) 2 Faculty of Horticultural Science Department of Viticulture, Szent István University, 1118 Budapest, Hungary; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] Abstract: The aim of this study was to find out what kind of “Bianca” wine could be produced when using organic yeast, what are the dynamics of the resulting alcoholic fermentation, and whether this method is suitable for industrial production as well. Due to the stricter rules and regulations, as well as the limited amount and selection of the permitted chemicals, resistant, also known as interspecific or innovative grape varieties, can be the ideal basic materials of alternative cultivation technologies. Well-designed analytical and organoleptic results have to provide the scientific background of resistant varieties, as these cultivars and their environmentally friendly cultivation techniques could be the raw materials of the future. The role of the yeast in wine production is crucial. We fermented wines from the “Bianca” juice samples three times where model chemical solutions were applied. In our research, we aimed to find out how organic yeast influenced the biogenic amine formation of three important compounds: histamine, tyramine, and serotonin. The main results of this study showed that all the problematic values (e.g., histamine) were under the critical limit (1 g/L), although the organic samples resulted in a significantly higher level than the control wines.
    [Show full text]
  • Crofelemer Oral Delayed Release Tablet
    Contains Nonbinding Recommendations Draft – Not for Implementation Draft Guidance on Crofelemer This draft guidance, when finalized, will represent the current thinking of the Food and Drug Administration (FDA, or the Agency) on this topic. It does not establish any rights for any person and is not binding on FDA or the public. You can use an alternative approach if it satisfies the requirements of the applicable statutes and regulations. To discuss an alternative approach, contact the Office of Generic Drugs. Active Ingredient: Crofelemer Dosage Form; Route: Tablet, delayed release; oral Strength: 125 mg Recommendations for the Assessment of Identity and Quality of Botanical Raw Material (BRM): Crofelemer is a botanical drug derived from BRM, the crude red latex of Croton lechleri Müll. Arg. [Fam. Euphorbiacae], which is also called dragon’s blood (sangre de drago). Generic drug applicants should use the same plant species and perform BRM assessment: 1. Crofelemer BRM should be collected from the crude red latex of Croton lechleri. The plant species should be correctly identified and authenticated based on techniques such as macroscopic/microscopic and/or analysis of genetic material. 2. Crude red latex as BRM should be collected from the mature tree with defined eco- geographic regions (EGRs). Implementing and enforcing established good agricultural and collection practice (GACP) procedures will minimize variations in BRM and ensure batch- to-batch consistency of crofelemer. 3. BRMs should be analyzed for their crofelemer content, total phenolics and taspine content, as well as heavy metals and pesticides. Recommendations for Demonstrating API Sameness: API sameness can be established by showing equivalence between Test API and API from the reference listed drug (RLD) product with the three criteria described in detail below.
    [Show full text]
  • Psychedelic Resource List.Pdf
    A Note from the Author… The Psychedelic Resource List (PRL) was born in 1994 as a subscription-based newsletter. In 1996, everything that had previously been published, along with a bounty of new material, was updated and compiled into a book. From 1996 until 2004, several new editions of the book were produced. With each new version, a decrease in font size correlated to an increase in information. The task of revising the book grew continually larger. Two attempts to create an updated fifth edition both fizzled out. I finally accepted that keeping on top of all of the new books, businesses, and organizations, had become a more formidable challenge than I wished to take on. In any case, these days folks can find much of what they are looking for by simply using an Internet search engine. Even though much of the PRL is now extremely dated, it occurred to me that there are two reasons why making it available on the web might be of value. First, despite the fact that a good deal of the book’s content describes things that are no longer extant, certainly some of the content relates to writings that are still available and businesses or organizations that are still in operation. The opinions expressed regarding such literature and groups may remain helpful for those who are attempting to navigate the field for solid resources, or who need some guidance regarding what’s best to avoid. Second, the book acts as a snapshot of underground culture at a particular point in history. As such, it may be found to be an enjoyable glimpse of the psychedelic scene during the late 1990s and early 2000s.
    [Show full text]
  • Upregulation of Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor-Α And
    Upregulation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-α and the lipid metabolism pathway promotes carcinogenesis of ampullary cancer Chih-Yang Wang, Ying-Jui Chao, Yi-Ling Chen, Tzu-Wen Wang, Nam Nhut Phan, Hui-Ping Hsu, Yan-Shen Shan, Ming-Derg Lai 1 Supplementary Table 1. Demographics and clinical outcomes of five patients with ampullary cancer Time of Tumor Time to Age Differentia survival/ Sex Staging size Morphology Recurrence recurrence Condition (years) tion expired (cm) (months) (months) T2N0, 51 F 211 Polypoid Unknown No -- Survived 193 stage Ib T2N0, 2.41.5 58 F Mixed Good Yes 14 Expired 17 stage Ib 0.6 T3N0, 4.53.5 68 M Polypoid Good No -- Survived 162 stage IIA 1.2 T3N0, 66 M 110.8 Ulcerative Good Yes 64 Expired 227 stage IIA T3N0, 60 M 21.81 Mixed Moderate Yes 5.6 Expired 16.7 stage IIA 2 Supplementary Table 2. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis of an ampullary cancer microarray using the Database for Annotation, Visualization and Integrated Discovery (DAVID). This table contains only pathways with p values that ranged 0.0001~0.05. KEGG Pathway p value Genes Pentose and 1.50E-04 UGT1A6, CRYL1, UGT1A8, AKR1B1, UGT2B11, UGT2A3, glucuronate UGT2B10, UGT2B7, XYLB interconversions Drug metabolism 1.63E-04 CYP3A4, XDH, UGT1A6, CYP3A5, CES2, CYP3A7, UGT1A8, NAT2, UGT2B11, DPYD, UGT2A3, UGT2B10, UGT2B7 Maturity-onset 2.43E-04 HNF1A, HNF4A, SLC2A2, PKLR, NEUROD1, HNF4G, diabetes of the PDX1, NR5A2, NKX2-2 young Starch and sucrose 6.03E-04 GBA3, UGT1A6, G6PC, UGT1A8, ENPP3, MGAM, SI, metabolism
    [Show full text]
  • Management of Chronic Problems
    MANAGEMENT OF CHRONIC PROBLEMS INTERACTIONS BETWEEN ALCOHOL AND DRUGS A. Leary,* T. MacDonald† SUMMARY concerned. Alcohol may alter the effects of the drug; drug In western society alcohol consumption is common as is may change the effects of alcohol; or both may occur. the use of therapeutic drugs. It is not surprising therefore The interaction between alcohol and drug may be that concomitant use of these should occur frequently. The pharmacokinetic, with altered absorption, metabolism or consequences of this combination vary with the dose of elimination of the drug, alcohol or both.2 Alcohol may drug, the amount of alcohol taken, the mode of affect drug pharmacokinetics by altering gastric emptying administration and the pharmacological effects of the drug or liver metabolism. Drugs may affect alcohol kinetics by concerned. Interactions may be pharmacokinetic or altering gastric emptying or inhibiting gastric alcohol pharmacodynamic, and while coincidental use of alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH).3 This may lead to altered tissue may affect the metabolism or action of a drug, a drug may concentrations of one or both agents, with resultant toxicity. equally affect the metabolism or action of alcohol. Alcohol- The results of concomitant use may also be principally drug interactions may differ with acute and chronic alcohol pharmacodynamic, with combined alcohol and drug effects ingestion, particularly where toxicity is due to a metabolite occurring at the receptor level without important changes rather than the parent drug. There is both inter- and intra- in plasma concentration of either. Some interactions have individual variation in the response to concomitant drug both kinetic and dynamic components and, where this is and alcohol use.
    [Show full text]
  • Inventory of Toxic Plants in Morocco: an Overview of the Botanical, Biogeography, and Phytochemistry Studies
    Hindawi Journal of Toxicology Volume 2018, Article ID 4563735, 13 pages https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/4563735 Review Article Inventory of Toxic Plants in Morocco: An Overview of the Botanical, Biogeography, and Phytochemistry Studies Hanane Benzeid , Fadma Gouaz, Abba Hamadoun Touré, Mustapha Bouatia , Mohamed Oulad Bouyahya Idrissi, and Mustapha Draoui LaboratoiredeChimieAnalytiqueetdeBromatologie,FacultedeM´ edecine´ et de Pharmacie, Universite´ Mohamed V, Rabat, Morocco Correspondence should be addressed to Hanane Benzeid; [email protected] Received 10 December 2017; Revised 22 February 2018; Accepted 25 March 2018; Published 3 May 2018 Academic Editor: Orish Ebere Orisakwe Copyright © 2018 Hanane Benzeid et al. Tis is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Since they are natural, plants are wrongly considered nondangerous; therefore people used them in various contexts. Each plant is used alone or in mixture with others, where knowledge and the requirements of preparation and consumption are not mastered. Tus, intoxications due to the use of plants have become more and more frequent. Te reports of intoxications made at the Antipoison Center and Pharmacovigilance of Morocco (ACPM) support this fnding, since the interrogations sufered by the victimsshowthattheuseofplantsispracticedirrationally,anarchically, and uncontrollably. Faced by the increase of these cases of poisoning in Morocco, it seemed necessary to investigate the nature of poisonous plants, their monographs, and the chemicals responsible for this toxicity. 1. Introduction Tus, we thought it is necessary to study the nature of these poisonous plants and their monographs. Sinceimmemorialtime,thehumanhasusedplants,frstto feed himself and then to heal himself.
    [Show full text]
  • Download Book Sacred Journeys As
    Sa cred Jour neys: ©2015, 2016, 2017 Artscience Im ages: authors and friends, com pany and press pic- tures, PhotoDisc, Corel, Wikipedia, Mindlift Beeldbankiers. Dis tri bu tion: Boekencoöperatie Nederland u.a. email: [email protected] www.boekcoop.nl www.boekenroute.nl (webshop) All rights re served, in clud ing dig i tal re dis tri bu tion and ebook First editiion: De cem ber 2015, Sec ond, ap pended edition April 2016 Third edition Jan. 2017 ISBN 9789492079091 pub lisher: Onderstroomboven Collectief im print: Artscience. Pa perback price € 6,95 Con tents 1 Pre fa ce 7 2 Tripping: the process 10 Journey to the dream 10 The pre pa ra ti on 11 Pha ses, gig gling 13 Iso la ti on, li mi na li ty, the dark 14 Peak 19 Sit ters: de sig na ted hel pers 22 The mys ti cal, re gres si on 26 Rebirth and de ath 27 The end of the trip: co ming down 28 Over sti mu la ti on 29 The af ter-ef fects 30 3 Set and Set ting 32 Agen da 33 Pla ce 34 With whom, with what? 34 Bon ding and trans fe ren ce 35 Dif fe rent ways of using 36 4 Pur po se 37 Dee per goals 38 Over co ming fear 40 To le ran ce 41 5 Ri tu als and Group ses sions 42 He a ling jour neys, mys ti cal in sights 44 Me di cal use 45 Re pe ti ti on, loops 46 Stages of a ritu al 49 Ri tes of pas sa ge: ini ti a ti on 50 Contact – alignment - group mind 52 Struc tu re amidst cha os 54 To copy an existing ritu al or to crea te somet hing new 54 6 Sanc tu a ry, safe spa ce 57 Sa fe ty first 57 Sa cred spa ce, tem po ra ry au to no mous zone 58 Hol ding spa ce and cir cle in te gri ty 61 7 His to ry
    [Show full text]
  • Green Tea Extract Ameliorate Liver Toxicity and Immune System Dysfunction Induced by Cyproterone Acetate in Female Rats
    Journal of American Science 2010;6(5) Green Tea Extract Ameliorate Liver Toxicity and Immune System Dysfunction Induced by Cyproterone Acetate in Female Rats Heba Barakat Department of Biochemistry and Nutrition,Women`s College, Ain Shams University [email protected] Abstract: Green tea, consumed worldwide since ancient times, is considered beneficial to human health. The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of green tea extract (GTE) on liver damage and immune system function in female rats treated with cyproterone acetate (CPA). Forty healthy female adult albino rats were randomly assigned to four groups. Group (1) was fed on a standard diet as a control. Group (2) was fed on a standard diet and received an intraperitoneally injection of 25mg/Kg/day. Group (3) was fed on a standard diet supplemented with 1 g GTE% and received a daily injection. Group (4) was fed on the supplemented diet for 7 days prior to receiving the daily injection. The experimental duration lasted for 3 weeks initiated from the first injection. The results showed CPA alone led to diminish liver function, hepatic antioxidant enzyme activities and elevated hepatic oxidative stress and serum IgG and IgM levels comparing with the control group of rats. However, the ingestion of GTE either along with or prior to the CPA treatment could significantly improve the function of liver, hepatic oxidative stress and hepatic antioxidant status and elevate the IgG and IgM levels. These data suggested that, GTE possesses a protective effect on the liver against the induced CPA toxicity by increasing auto immunity and countering the hepatic oxidative stress.
    [Show full text]
  • Antidepressant-Like Behavioral and Neurochemical Effects of the Citrus
    Available online at www.sciencedirect.com Life Sciences 82 (2008) 741–751 www.elsevier.com/locate/lifescie Antidepressant-like behavioral and neurochemical effects of the citrus-associated chemical apigenin ⁎ Li-Tao Yi, Jian-Mei Li, Yu-Cheng Li, Ying Pan, Qun Xu, Ling-Dong Kong State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, PR China Received 14 July 2007; accepted 16 January 2008 Abstract Apigenin is one type of bioflavonoid widely found in citrus fruits, which possesses a variety of pharmacological actions on the central nervous system. A previous study showed that acute intraperitoneal administration of apigenin had antidepressant-like effects in the forced swimming test (FST) in ddY mice. To better understand its pharmacological activity, we investigated the behavioral effects of chronic oral apigenin treatment in the FST in male ICR mice and male Wistar rats exposed to chronic mild stress (CMS). The effects of apigenin on central monoaminergic neurotransmitter systems, the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis and platelet adenylyl cyclase activity were simultaneously examined in the CMS rats. Apigenin reduced immobility time in the mouse FST and reversed CMS-induced decrease in sucrose intake of rats. Apigenin also attenuated CMS-induced alterations in serotonin (5-HT), its metabolite 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA), dopamine (DA) levels and 5-HIAA/ 5-HT ratio in distinct rat brain regions. Moreover, apigenin reversed CMS-induced elevation in serum corticosterone concentrations and reduction in platelet adenylyl cyclase activity in rats. These results suggest that the antidepressant-like actions of oral apigenin treatment could be related to a combination of multiple biochemical effects, and might help to elucidate its mechanisms of action that are involved in normalization of stress- induced changes in brain monoamine levels, the HPA axis, and the platelet adenylyl cyclase activity.
    [Show full text]
  • D. M. Turner - Table of Contents
    Sssshhhh!! Don't blow our Cover!! file:///C|/Documents%20and%20Settings/All%20Users/Docume...r%20-%20the%20essential%20psychedelic%20guide/cover.html4/14/2004 9:40:08 PM D. M. Turner - Table of Contents TABLE OF CONTENTS Publication Information Foreword to the HTML Edition - by Forbidden Donut Introduction A Brief History of Psychedelics - From the Creation of Gods to the Demise of Psychedelic Reverence in Modern Times Psychedelic Safety - Understanding the Tools I - Traditional Psychedelics LSD - Molecule of Perfection Psilocybin Mushrooms - The Extraterrestrial Infiltration of Earth? Mescaline: Peyote & San Pedro Cactus - Shamanic Sacraments II - Empathogens Ecstasy - The Heart Opening Psychedelic 2C-B - The Erotic Empathogen III - Exotic Highs of a Connoisseur DMT - Candy for the Mind file:///C|/Documents%20and%20Settings/All%20Users/Doc...%20-%20the%20essential%20psychedelic%20guide/toc.html (1 of 2)4/14/2004 9:40:34 PM D. M. Turner - Table of Contents Harmala Alkaloids - Link to the Ancient Spirits Ketamine - The Ultimate Psychedelic Journey Multiple Combinations - Cosmic Synergism Further Explorations - Where do we go from Here? DMT ~ Water Spirit - A Magical Link Psychedelic Reality - CydelikSpace Bibliography Purchasing The Essential Psychedelic Guide Back Cover Text file:///C|/Documents%20and%20Settings/All%20Users/Doc...%20-%20the%20essential%20psychedelic%20guide/toc.html (2 of 2)4/14/2004 9:40:34 PM D. M. Turner - Publication Information The Essential Psychedelic Guide - By D. M. Turner First Printing - September 1994 Copyright ©1994 by Panther Press ISBN 0-9642636-1-0 Library of Congress Catalog registration in progress Printed in the United States of America Cover art by Nick Philip, SFX Lab Illustrations on pages 31, 41, 45, and 59 by P.B.M.
    [Show full text]
  • PSYCHEDELIC DRUGS (P.L) 1. Terminology “Hallucinogens
    PSYCHEDELIC DRUGS (p.l) 1. Terminology “hallucinogens” – induce hallucinations, although sensory distortions are more common “psychotomimetics” – to minic psychotic states, although truly most drugs in this class do not do so “phantasticums”or “psychedelics” – alter sensory perception (Julien uses “psychedelics”) alterations in perception, cognition, and mood, in presence of otherwise clear ability to sense” may increase sensory awareness, increase clarity, decrease control over what is sensed/experienced “self-A” may feel a passive observer of what “self-B” is experiencing often accompanied by a sense of profound meaningfulness, of divine or cosmic importance (limbic system?) these drugs can be classified by what NT they mimic: anti-ACh, agonists for NE, 5HT, or glutamate (See p. 332, Table 12.l in Julien, 9th Ed.) 2. The Anti-ACh Psychedelics e.g. scopolamine (classified as an ACh blocker) high affinity, no efficacy plant product: Belladonna or “deadly nightshade” (Atropa belladonna) Datura stramonium (jimson weed, stinkweed) Mandragora officinarum (mandrake plant) pupillary dilation (2nd to atropine) PSYCHEDELIC DRUGS (p.2) 2. Anti-ACh Psychedelics (cont.) pharmacological effects: e.g. scopolamine (Donnatal) clinically used to tx motion sickness, relax smooth muscles (gastric cramping), mild sedation/anesthetic effect PNS effects --- dry mouth relaxation of smooth muscles decreased sweating increased body temperature blurred vision dry skin pupillary dilation tachycardia, increased BP CNS effects --- drowsiness, mild euphoria profound amnesia fatigue decreased attention, focus delirium, mental confusion decreased REM sleep no increase in sensory awareness as dose increases --- restlessness, excitement, hallucinations, euphoria, disorientation at toxic dose levels --- “psychotic delirium”, confusion, stupor, coma, respiratory depression so drug is really an intoxicant, amnestic, and deliriant 3.
    [Show full text]