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Health and Safety Guidance Hazardous Waste: Guidance on Assessment

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Health and Safety Guidance Hazardous Waste: Guidance on Assessment Health and Safety Guidance Hazardous Waste: Guidance on Assessment GUIDANCE/11/HWGA/14 Certain substances and waste materials and articles or equipment that contain such substances are so damaging to people or the environment that they must be disposed of separately from the normal refuse collection, in accordance with The Hazardous Waste Regulations 2005. University Health and Safety Policy and Procedures for the disposal of "Hazardous waste" (formerly known as "Special Waste" under superseded legislation), excluding infectious and radioactive waste, are set out in Hazardous Substances Policy - Waste Disposal Hazardous Waste (UHSP/15/HS/03:HSWD/HW/05). Waste is now required to be classified by the producer. This Health and Safety Guidance document explains the statutory definition of "Hazardous Waste", so far as it relates to substances that are not radioactive or infectious, and it contains decision trees to guide users through the process of assessing whether or not a waste is Hazardous and its classification. General guidance on the assessment of waste for the normal refuse collection may be found in the Environmental Guidance series under University Environmental Policy: "GUIDANCE on WASTE CLASSIFICATION and ROUTES of DISPOSAL including Redundant Equipment" (ENVGUIDE/1/WCRD/98) Further information and advice may be obtained from the Health and Safety Unit. Revised March 2014 GUIDANCE/11/HWGA/14 CONTENTS Page INTRODUCTION 1 Hazardous Waste Assessment Overview 1 Is the Waste Explosive? - H1 2 Is the Waste an Oxidant? - H2 3 Is the Waste Flammable? - H3 4 Is the Waste Irritant? - H4 or Corrosive? - H8 6 Is the Waste Toxic? - H6 or Harmful? - H5 7 Is the Waste Carcinogenic? - H7 8 Is the Waste Teratogenic? - H10 8 Is the Waste Mutagenic? - H11 9 Does the Waste Release toxic gases in contact with air, water or acid? - H12 9 Is the Waste Sensitising? - H13 11 Is the Waste Ecotoxic? - H14 12 Can the Substance Produce Another Hazardous Substance After Disposal? - H15 13 APPENDIX 1 The List of Wastes 14 APPENDIX 2 Hazardous Properties 21 APPENDIX 3 CHIP Regulations Risk Phrases ("R" Numbers) 23 APPENDIX 4 Particular Cases 26 Fridges and freezers 26 PCB wastes 26 Fluorescent light tubes 26 Sodium lamps 27 Cathode ray tubes (televisions, computer monitors etc.) 27 Batteries 28 Oils and wastes containing oil (excluding edible oil) 28 Asbestos 29 Hazardous Waste: Guidance on Assessment INTRODUCTION Certain substances and waste materials and articles or equipment that contain such substances are so damaging to people or the environment that they must be identified and disposed of separately from the normal refuse collection, in accordance with The Hazardous Waste Regulations 2005 and the List of Wastes Regulations 2005. In defining "Hazardous waste", the regulations and associated guidance (Technical Guidance WM2 from the Environment Agency) cross reference to The Chemicals (Hazard Information and Packaging for Supply) Regulations (CHIP), as amended. Waste is required to be assigned a hazard(s), H1-H15 (appendix 2) and the appropriate 6 digit code (appendix 1). For the purposes of University Health and Safety Policy, and in accordance with the List of Wastes Regulations, "Hazardous waste" is waste listed in Appendix 1, marked with an asterisk and: (a) without specific or general reference to "dangerous substance" ( an “absolute entry”, is hazardous regardless of composition or concentration); or (b) with specific or general reference to "dangerous substance" (a “mirror entry” where dangerous substance(s) present display a hazardous property, H1 - H15 (see Appendix 2) , subject to the property or concentration threshold/range for a specific risk, if any). Excluding waste which is radioactive. The concentration thresholds/ranges referred to in b) are incorporated into the decision trees in this guidance. Note that these thresholds for the definition of "Hazardous waste" may be different from those applied for labelling the original substances under the CHIP Regulations. The "R" numbers cited for the original substances in the following decision trees are the Risk Phrases from the CHIP(4) Regulations (see Appendix 3). The CHIP regulations are currently in a transitional period with the new Classification, Labelling and Packaging (CLP) Regulations, which come fully into force in 2015. The classifications under both CHIP and CLP may be found in the Table 3.2 of Annex VI to the CLP Regulations published by the European Commission’s Joint Research Centre http://ecb.jrc.ec.europa.eu/esis/index.php?PGM=cla. Classifications may also be found on the University's HAZDAT database or in suppliers' catalogues and safety data sheets. The following decision trees may be used to assign hazard(s). Appendix 4 gives some examples. Hazardous Waste Assessment Overview Does the waste display any Is the waste Hazardous hazardous property H1 - YES Hazardous by H1- YES Waste by H14? H14 appropriate (Refer to charts H1 - H14) hazard H1- H14 NO NO Is the waste Hazardous by YES Hazardous Waste YES Is the waste H15? by H15 Hazardous by H15? NO NOT Hazardous Waste Not Hazardous NO Waste by H15 1 Is the Waste Explosive? - H1 Does the waste contain Not Hazardous substances controlled by the YES waste by H1 Explosives Act 1875? * (see below) NO Does the waste contain NO NOT Hazardous substances with R2 or R3? waste by H1 YES Is any information available to Hazardous show the waste is not explosive NO waste by H1 YES Does the waste contain substances with R1, R4, R5, R6, YES Consider for R9, R16, R18, R19, R44 that hazard H15 present a risk on disposal? NO Not Hazardous waste by H1 * Materials that are "explosives" within the meaning of the Explosives Act 1875, as amended, and any subsequent regulations issued under the Act, are exempt from the Hazardous Waste Regulations. "Explosive" under the 1875 Act means: gunpowder, nitro-glycerine, dynamite, gun cotton, blasting powders, fulminate of mercury or of other metals, coloured fibres and every other substance, whether similar to those mentioned or not, used or manufactured with a view to produce a practical effect by explosion or pyrotechnic effect; and includes fog signals, fireworks, fuses, rockets, percussion caps, detonators, cartridges, ammunition of all descriptions, and every adaption or preparation of an explosive as defined above. Arrangements for explosives must conform with current legislation, in particular The Control of Explosives Regulations 1991 issued under the Health and Safety at Work Etc. Act 1974. 2 Is the Waste Oxidising? - H2 Does the waste contain organic Is the conc.>5%? Hazardous peroxides with R7 YES YES waste by H2 or R8? NO Is there >5% NO available oxygen and Hazardous NO YES >= 5% hydrogen waste by H2 peroxide? Does the waste Is the concentration contain any other YES above the ASL YES Hazardous substances with limit?* waste by H2 R7, R8 or R9? NO Not Hazardous waste by H2 * in practice, this applies to hydrogen peroxide (>= 60%), nitric acid (>= 70%) and perchloric acid (>= 50%) 3 Is the Waste Flammable? - H3 Is the waste Is the flashpoint Is the liquidandliquid <55°C? or are flashpoint Hazardous and contain YES only YES <21°C? or YES waste by R10, R11 or R10, R11 or are only H3A(i) R12 R12 substances R11 or R12 substances? present? substances present? Hazardous NO NO NO waste by H3B Does the waste Does the Hazardous contain YES substance ignite YES waste by substances with or, if liquid, char H3A(ii) R17? filter paper within 5 mins at room temperature? NO NO Does the waste Is R15 Hazardous contain YES substance YES waste by substances with Table 1 concn H3A(v) R15? or is the gas released at > 1 litre/kg waste/hr? NO NO Does the waste Is the burning contain solid time less than Hazardous substances with YES 10min for YES waste by R10, R11 or powdered H3A(iii) R12? metals or less than 45 secs for other powders? NO NO Does the waste Is substance contain present within Hazardous gaseous YES its lower and YES waste by substances with upper explosive H3A(iv) R12? limits? NO NO Not Hazardous waste by H3A 4 Table 1 Substances that liberate flammable gas on contact with water Substance Risk Liberated Threshold phrase(s) Gas Concn % Lithium R14/15 Hydrogen 0.06 Sodium R14/15 Hydrogen 0.2 Magnesium powder (pyrophoric) R15-17 Hydrogen 0.1 Aluminium powder (pyrophoric) R15-17 Hydrogen 0.08 Aluminium powder (stabilised) R15 Hydrogen 0.08 Potassium R14/15 Hydrogen 0.4 Calcium R15 Hydrogen 0.2 Zinc powder/dust (pyrophoric) R15-17 Hydrogen 0.3 Zinc powder/dust R15 Hydrogen 0.3 Zirconium powder (pyrophoric) R15-17 Hydrogen 0.2 Zirconium powder (non pyrophoric) R15 Hydrogen 0.2 Aluminium lithium hydride R15 Hydrogen 0.04 Sodium hydride R15 Hydrogen 0.1 Calcium hydride R15 Hydrogen 0.1 Calcium carbide R15 Acetylene 0.3 Calcium phosphide R15/29 Phosphine 0.4 Aluminium phosphide R15/29 Phosphine 0.3 Magnesium phosphide R15/29 Phosphine 0.3 Trizinc diphosphide R15/29 Phosphine 0.6 Trichlorosilane R14-17 Hydrogen 0.6 Diethyl (ethyldimethylsilanato) R14/15, 17 Ethane 0.4 aluminium 5 Is the Waste Irritant? - H4 or Corrosive? - H8 Does the waste Is total contain YES concentration YES Hazardous waste substances with R35 5%; by H8: Corrosive R34 or R35? R34 10%? NO NO Is total NO concentration YES Hazardous waste R35 1%; by H4: Irritant R34 5%? Does the waste Do the conc.'s meet contain the threshold substances R36, YES criteria R3620% YES Hazardous waste R37, R38, or R3720% or R38 by H4:
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