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APPENDIX B WITNESSES APPEARING BEFORE the BOARD

uring its study of the security classification system, the Public Interest Declassification DBoard met with individuals and groups from Executive branch agencies, international partners, the public interest and openness community, and the Congress. Additionally, repre- sentatives from academia, the private sector, and the media, as well as experts in the fields of technology and public policy, and individual agency classification and declassification program managers and practitioners all contributed to the Board’s study.

Those individuals and groups include representatives In preparing this report, the Board heard from the from the following Executive branch agencies and following individuals and groups: departments: • Steve Aftergood, Senior Research Analyst, Central Intelligence Agency Project on Government Secrecy, Federation of Department of Defense American Scientists Office of the Secretary of Defense • Carol Anderson, Member, Historical Advisory Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee, Department of State Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency • Randy Avent, Chief Scientist, Defense Department of the Air Force Department Research and Engineering, Department of the Army Department of Defense (DoD) Department of the Navy • Jason Baron, Director of Litigation, National Defense Intelligence Agency Archives and Records Administration (NARA) National Security Agency and Co-Chair of The Sedona Conference® National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency Working Group on Electronic Document National Reconnaissance Office Retention and Production Department of Energy • David M. Barrett, Professor, Villanova University Department of Justice • John Bell, Policy Analyst, Information Security Federal Bureau of Investigation Oversight Office Department of State • Laura A. Belmonte, Professor, Oklahoma State National Archives and Records Administration University and Member, State Department’s Office of Government Information Services Historical Advisory Committee National Security Staff • Dr. Scott Bernard, Federal Chief Enterprise Office of the Director of National Intelligence Architect Intelligence Advanced Research Projects Activity • Tom Blanton, Executive Director, National The Board also wishes to thank members of the Security Archive Directorate of Security and Intelligence, Government • Deborah Bonanni, Chief of Staff, National Security Secretariat, United Kingdom, for sharing its Security Agency (NSA) study on the topic of transforming the UK security • Elizabeth Brooks, Associate Director for classification system. In particular: Community Integration, Policy and Records, NSA • Michael Brennan, Deputy Director of the • Edmund Brynn, The Historian (acting), Government Security Secretariat, Cabinet Office Department of State • Michael Shryane, Head of Policy, Government • William Burr, Senior Analyst, National Security Secretariat, Cabinet Office Security Archive

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• Neil Carmichael, Indexing and Declassification • Brian Eshenbrenner, Director, Security and Review Director, National Declassification Intelligence Directorate, Defense Advanced Center (NDC) Research Projects Agency • William Carpenter, Lead Staff Member, • Thomas A. Ferguson, Principal Deputy Under Interagency Security Classification Appeals Secretary of Defense for Intelligence Panel • Honorable David Ferriero, Archivist of the • Honorable Ashton Carter, Deputy Secretary of United States, NARA Defense, DoD • Sharon Bradford Franklin, Senior Counsel, The • Robert Chadduck, Principal Technologist for Constitution Project Advanced Research, NARA • Michael German, Policy Counsel on National • Jeff Charlston, Professor, University of Security, Immigration and Privacy, ACLU and Maryland University College and Former Former Special Agent, FBI Historian, US Army Center of Military History • Elizabeth Goitein, Co-Director, Liberty and • Honorable James R. Clapper, Director of National Security Program, Brennan Center for National Intelligence Justice • Nicklous Combs, Chief Technology Officer, • Honorable Porter Goss, Former Chair of the House Permanent Select Committee on EMC Federal; Former IT Director and Chief Intelligence and Former Director of Central Information Officer of the National Media Intelligence Exploitation Center, Office of the Director of • Margaret P. Grafeld, Deputy Assistant Secretary National Intelligence (ODNI); and Former for Global Information Services, Bureau of Deputy Chief for Enterprise IT Solutions, Administration, Department of State Defense Intelligence Agency (DIA) • Dr. Dolly Greenwood, Director, Enterprise • Mark Conrad, Archives Specialist, Center for Engineering & ISR, MITRE Advanced Systems and Technologies (NCAST), • James Hallo, Director, Corporate Security, NARA MITRE • Harry P. Cooper, Jr., Chief of Classification • Morton Halperin, Senior Advisor, Open Society Management and Collaboration Group, Institute; Former Director of the Policy Planning Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) Staff at the Department of State; Former Special • Adrian Cunningham, Director, Strategic Assistant to the President and Senior Director Relations and Personal Records, National for Democracy, National Security Council; and Archives of Australia and Former President, Former Deputy Assistant Secretary of Defense Australian Society of Archivists (International Security Affairs). • A.J. Daverede, Production Division Director, • Honorable John Paul Hammerschmidt, Former NDC Congressman and Former Member of the • James David, Historian, National Aeronautics President’s Commission on Aviation Security and Space Administration and Terrorism • William Eckroade, Principal Deputy Chief for • Honorable Kenneth B. Handelman, Principal Mission Support Activities, Office of Health, Deputy Assistant Secretary for Global Strategic Safety, and Security, Department of Energy Affairs, DoD (DOE) • David Hardy, Section Chief, Record / • John Elliff, Former Staff Member; Church Information Dissemination Section, FBI Committee, Former Staff Member, Senate • General Michael Hayden (Ret.), Former Select Committee on Intelligence; and, Former Director, NSA; Former Director, CIA; and Senior Executive at the Federal Bureau of Former Principal Deputy Director of National Investigation (FBI) Intelligence, ODNI

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• Steve Henry, Deputy Assistant to the Secretary • Mary Colleen Leonard, Public Interest of Defense for Nuclear Matters Declassification Board Intern • David Herschler, Deputy Historian, Department • Ann Levin, Program Manager, CACI, Inc. of State • Robert Litt, General Counsel, ODNI • Douglas Hudson, Director of Special Programs, • Brian Martin, President, History Associates Applied Physics Laboratory, The Johns Hopkins • Patrice McDermott, Executive Director, University OpenTheGovernment.org • Ken Hughes, Presidential Records Program, • Elizabeth A. McGrath, Deputy Chief Miller Center, University of Virginia Management Officer for the Department of • Lieutenant General Patrick Hughes, (ret.) Vice Defense President for Intelligence and Counterterrorism, • Don McIlwain, Chief, FOIA-MDR Division, L3 Communications and Former Director, DIA NDC • Richard H. Immerman, Professor, Temple • Robert McMahon, Chairman, Historical University and Member, Department of State’s Advisory Committee, Department of State Historical Advisory Committee • Carmen Medina, Former Associate Deputy • Diane Janosek, Deputy Associate Director for Director of Intelligence, CIA Community Integration, Policy and Records, • David Mengel, Deputy Director, NDC NSA • Ambassador Robert Miller, Information • Vincent Jarvie, Vice President for Corporate Programs and Services, Department of State Security, L3 Communications • Nicholas Murphy, Information Programs and • Jeff Jonas, Chief Scientist, IBM Entity Analytics Services, Department of State Group and IMB Distinguished Engineer, IBM • Anna Nelson, Professor, American University • Nate Jones, Freedom of Information and Former Member, John F. Kennedy Coordinator, National Security Archive Assassination Records Review Board • John Judge, Founder, Committee for an Open • Miriam Nisbet, Director, Office of Government Archives Information Services, NARA • Fred Kaplan, Writer, Slate Magazine • R. Stan Norris, Senior Research Associate, • Edmund Kaufhold, Staff Member, Security National Defense Council Directorate, Office of the Under Secretary of • Eric Olson, QinetiQ Defense (Intelligence) • Pablo Osinaga, Co-Founder of Kormox • Ambassador Patrick Kennedy, Under Secretary • Honorable Stephanie O’Sullivan, Principal for Management, Department of State Deputy Director of National Intelligence • Jeffrey P. Kimball, Professor Emeritus, Miami • Trudy Huskamp Peterson, Member, Historical University of Ohio Advisory Committee, Department of State, • Horen Kuecuekyan, Principal Software Former Acting Archivist of the United States; Architect, Sensis Corporation Former Archivist, United Nations High • Vivek Kundra, Former United States Chief Commissioner for Refugees; and Former Information Officer, Office of Management and Executive Director, Open Society Archives Budget • Honorable Daniel Poneman, Deputy Secretary • Michael Kurtz, Former Acting Director, NDC of Energy, DOE • Joseph Lambert, Director, Information • John Prados, Senior Research Fellow, National Management Services, CIA Security Archive • Wayne Leathers, Defense Change Management • Madeline Proctor, Initial Processing and Organization Declassification Division, NDC • Tom Lee, Director of Sunlight Labs, Sunlight • Harold Reylea, Policy Analyst, Congressional Foundation Research Service (ret.)

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• Fred Riccardi, Senior Executive Director, • Bob Spangler, Acting Division Director for ManTech International Corporation Electronic and Special Media Records Services, • Douglas Richards, Chief, Declassification Branch, NARA Information Management Division, Joint Staff • Peter Spiro, Member, Historical Advisory Secretariat Committee, Department of State • Don Richie, Senate Historian • Corin Stone, Deputy Assistant Director of • Alison Roach, Fried Frank Legal Fellow, The National Intelligence for Policy, ODNI Constitution Project • Al Tarasuik, Intelligence Community Chief • David Robarge, Chief Historian, CIA Information Officer • Mary Ronan, Director, Access Management, • Russell Travers, Former Deputy Director National Security Staff for Information Sharing and Knowledge • Lisa Rosenberg, Government Affairs Development at the National Counterterrorism Consultant, Sunlight Foundation Center • Debbie Ross, DoD Information Security Policy, • Tom Uva, Vice President & Chief Information Office of the Under Secretary of Defense Officer, Sensis Corporation (HUMINT, Counterintelligence and Security) • John Verdi, Senior Council and Director of • James Russell, QinetiQ Open Government Project, Electronic Privacy • Bob Savage, Formerly Media Preservation Unit, Information Center Stanford University Libraries and Formerly • Sheryl Walter, Director of Information Director, Records and Institutional Research, Programs and Services, Bureau of College of Arts and Sciences, Vanderbilt Administration, Department of State University • Paul Wester, Chief Records Officer, NARA • Daniel Schuman, Policy Counsel, Sunlight • Andrew Weston-Dawkes, Director, Office of Foundation Classification, DOE • David Shapiro, Co-Director, Liberty and • Lee White, Executive Director, National National Security Program, Brennan Center for Coalition for History Justice • James Wilson-Quayle, Chief, Records, Research • Michael Sheehy, Former Staff Director of & Content Branch, Joint Staff Secretariat the House Permanent Select Committee on • John Wonderlich, Policy Director, Sunlight Intelligence Foundation • Sheryl Shenberger, Director, NDC • Thomas Zeiler, Member, Historical Advisory • Katherine Sibley, Member, Historical Advisory Committee, Department of State Committee, Department of State • David Zierler, Historian, Office of the Historian, • Nancy Smith, Director, Presidential Materials Department of State Staff, NARA

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