Utah State University DigitalCommons@USU All Graduate Theses and Dissertations Graduate Studies 12-2019 More Than Hatchetmen: Chinese Exclusion and Tong Wars in Portland, Oregon Brenda M. Horrocks Utah State University Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd Part of the History Commons Recommended Citation Horrocks, Brenda M., "More Than Hatchetmen: Chinese Exclusion and Tong Wars in Portland, Oregon" (2019). All Graduate Theses and Dissertations. 7671. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/7671 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate Studies at DigitalCommons@USU. It has been accepted for inclusion in All Graduate Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@USU. For more information, please contact
[email protected]. MORE THAN HATCHETMEN: CHINESE EXCLUSION AND TONG WARS IN PORTLAND, OREGON by Brenda M. Horrocks A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF ARTS in History Approved: ______________________ ____________________ Colleen O’Neill, Ph.D. Angela Diaz, Ph.D. Major Professor Committee Member ______________________ ____________________ Li Guo, Ph.D. Richard S. Inouye, Ph.D. Committee Member Vice Provost for Graduate Studies UTAH STATE UNIVERSITY Logan, Utah 2019 ii Copyright © Brenda Horrocks All Rights Reserved iii ABSTRACT More Than Hatchetmen: Chinese Exclusion and Tong Wars in Portland, Oregon by Brenda M. Horrocks, Master of Arts Utah State University, 2019 Major Professor: Dr. Colleen O’Neill Department: History During the middle to late nineteenth century, Chinese immigration hit record levels in the United States. This led to the growth of Chinatowns across the West Coast.