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Pathologie Des Végétaux Cultivés Nouvelle-Calédonie Polynésie Francaise Wallis Et Futuna

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Pathologie Des Végétaux Cultivés Nouvelle-Calédonie Polynésie Francaise Wallis Et Futuna NOUVELLE-CALEDONIE . POLYNESIE FRANÇAISE . WALLIS ~T FUTUNA Franz KOH L.:ER - Frédéric PELLEGRIN 5 7 "La loi d u li mars 1~ J n 'autorisant , a u termes des a linéas 2 et 3 de l'a rt icle 4 1. d 'une pa rt. qu e les copies ou re productions s trictemen t r éserv ées il l'USd l.(l' prt v« du copi s te vt n on des ttn ccs Ù une utilis ation collecuvc" ct d' a ut re part, qu e les a n alyses Cl les cou rte s cita tions da n s u n b u t d' exem ple et dtllu s trn u on . "route représ cn ta u on ou rep rod u cti on intégrale ou partielle . fait e s a ns le consen tem en t de j'a uteur ou de ses aya n t dr oit ou ay a n t ca u se. l',",1 illulrc" [alin ea l er de j'article ·10). Ce lte repn'sI'llt a llOll ou reprod uctio n . pa r quelqu e procédé qu e cc so it co nsti tue ra it donc une con tre fa çon san ctio nnée par les a rt icles 425 el s u iva n t du co de prna l''. IS5N : 1 1·12 :2 5 15 0 ,'c;. OR5TOM - 1992 15Bi\: 2 -ï09 9 - 1 1 13 -2 Ire édition Franz KüHlER - Frédéric PEllEGRIN [N] ©QJJ'W~[!::JL ~CJ©~ [L~ [Q) ©[N]~~ ~©[L W [N] ~~~~ [p~~[N]~~~~ [g W!J ~[L[L ~~ ~U [PQJJuQJJ[N] ~ Editions de l'ORSTOM INSTITUT FRANCAIS DE RECHERCHE SCIENTIFIQUE POUR LE DEVELOPPEMENT EN COOPERATION avec le concours financier du Fonds d'Investissement et de Développement Economiqu e et Social Collection [>1 [>ACTIQUES PARIS 1992 Sommaire Photographies: F.Kohler Photogravure: Pacifie Compos - Nou méa Impression: I.C P - Nouméa Composition: : F.Kohler -J.P.Menl1oud - Atelier de Reprographie - OR5TOM - Nouméa Reliure: Atelier de Reprographie - OR5TOM - Nouméa - AvedissemeV\t . .... 5 - Desc.,.iptiol'\ des symptômes et plc\I'"Iches photog.,.aphiqlA s 7 ... 109 ... 127 - Classificatio,'"I si'~'\plifiée des chalnpig''"Io,'\s phytopathogèV\es 131 - LexiqlAe des sY''"IonY''''"Ies anglo-saxons des p"'i''"Icipales affectioV\s pa'.4asitai.,.es dal'"ls la z orve . 134 - Liste pa.,. plantes-hôtes des agel'\ts pathogè,.'\es et ,.,·'\aladies physiologiqt.\es des plantes ct.\ltivées daV\s la ZOI'\e 136 - Liste des agents pathogènes et let.\.,.s pla,'\tes-hôtes .... 152 - Jndex PCH" plante-hôte 1 9 • 3 • • • • • PATHOLOGIE DES VÉGÉTAUX CULTIVÉS NOUVELLE-CALÉDONIE POLYNÉSIE FRANCAISE WALLIS ET FUTUNA AVERTISSEMENT Ce manuel n'a pas la prétention de donner une image de - Un glossaire des symptômes ou des noms com­ toutes les maladies des plantes cultivées dans la région. muns des maladies. Cependant, comme il fallait bien faire un choix parmi de - Une classification simplifiée des champignons phy­ nombreux faciès parasitaires, les symptômes ont été sélec­ topathogènes. tionnés de façon à décrire les plus caractéristiques et de - Un lexique des noms communs des plantes hôtes guider l'utilisateur vers le diagnostic et les moyens de lutte. et leurs équivalents botaniques. - Un lexique des synonymes angle-saxons des prin­ Les annexes comprennent: cipales affections présentes sur le Territoire. - Une liste des moyens de lutte dont les numéros - Une bibliographie d'ouvrages généraux de phytopa­ correspondent à ceux indiqués en bas de chaque descriptif thologie tropicale. dans la case "Traitements". - Un inventaire, classé par ordre alphabétique des plantes-hôtes, des Champignons, Bactéries et Virus para­ • sites des plantes cultivées en Nouvelle-Calédonie. Cette liste, publiée par F. KOHLER en 1987 et mise à jour en • 1992, reprend les travaux antérieurs de F. BUGNICOURT Les dénominations botaniques adoptées ont été relevées et J. MARTY en 1961 et de B. HUGUENIN en 1965. Les dans : • maladies virales et mycoplasmiques ont été mises à jour à "LES PLANTES INTRODUITES ET CULTIVEES EN NOU­ partir de l'inventaire établi par J.C. THOUVENEL, lors de VELLE CALEDONIE" - Supplément à la Flore de Nouvelle­ • sa mission de prospection sur le Territoire, en mai 1986. Calédonie et Dépendances - Muséum National d'Histoire • - Un index des agents pathogènes Naturelle - (Volume hors sériel 1985 - par: I-LS. MACKEE. • • 5 • • • • • • • SYMPTÔMES ET TRAITEMENTS LÉGENDES DES SYMPTÔMES Localisation de l'attaque Importance de la maladie R: Racine C: Collet o : Faible • T: Tige, Tronc 00 : Moyenne F: Feuille 000 : Forte • Fl : Fleur • Fr : Fruit • • Traitements: Le numéro renvoie à la liste des moyens de lutte en annexe. • • • 7 ACACIA SPIRORBIS ACTINIDIA CHINENSIS AGATHIS MOOREI, A. OVATA GAJAC KIWI (Kiwi) KAORl (Kauri) Légumineuses Actinidiacées Araucariacées Uromycladium tepperianum Colletotrichum gloeosporioides Aecidiumfragiforme Glomerella cingulata Rouille Anthracnose Rouille Localisation sur la plante: Fr Localisation sur la plante: F Localisation sur la plante: F Importance de la maladie: 00 Importance de la maladie: 00 Importance de la maladie: 0 Symptômes Symptômes Symptômes Ce parasite occasionne sur le Faux Taches foliaires brun clair, con­ Les écidies blanches, pulvérulentes Gaïac, des galles pérennes des par­ fluentes, sans délimitations pré­ de cette Urédinale sont épiphylles et ties aériennes et parfois des cises, elles envahissent une grande groupées sur des pustules hypertro­ gousses. Ces hypertrophies, de cou­ partie du limbe en provoquant un phiées de couleur rose clair à brun. • leur brique à brun foncé, atteignent aspect "grillé" du feuillage, mais Cette maladie peut entraîner la défo­ souvent la taille d'un poing. n'entraînent que rarement la chute liation chez de jeunes plants et de ce • Sur le méme hôte on observe une de la feuille. Il n'a pas été constaté à fait causer des dégàts importants en autre Urédinale : Uromyces phyHo­ ce jour de symptômes sur d 'autres pépinière. diorum, dont les sores de couleur parties de la liane. Plante d'intro­ • fauves ou brique sont groupés sur duction récente, encore peu répan­ des pustules qui déforment les due en Nouvelle-Calédonie, mais • gousses et les feuilles. dont la pathologie pourrait prendre • de l'importance. • • • Traitements: JI. Traitements :2 4 Traitements: Jl • 8 • • • • • • • • • • epp eriCUlLLm -_~ ] • L Utonuj lct[~illm t Co lletoirichurn gloeosporioid es • • AGATHIS MOORE!. A . OVATA ALLIUM PORRUM ALLIUM PORRUM KAORI (Kauri) POIREAU (Leek) POIREAU (Leek) • Araucariacées Liliacées Liliacées • Colletotrichum gloeosporioides Alternaria porri Colletotrichum capsici • Anthracnose Alternariose Anthracnose • Localisation surla plante: T, F Localisation sur la plante: F Localisation sur la plante: F • Importance de la maladie: 0 Importance de la maladie: 00 Importance de la maladie: 0 • Symptômes Symptômes Symptômes • Ce parasite foliaire est surtout actif Taches arrondies, crème, couvertes Taches foliaires allongées, brun • sur les jeunes plants en pépinière d'un feutrage mycélien diffus, mastic, qui, lorsqu'elles deviennent • où il peut entraîner d'importantes concentrique, brun rouille lors de la confluentes, provoquent la nécrose chutes de feuilles, l'affaiblissement production des spores. L'extension et la pourriture du feuillage entraî• • et parfois la mort des arbrisseaux. des taches peut entraîner le dessè­ nant ainsi la perte du plant. chement complet des feuilles • atteintes, principalement les plus • extérieures. Les symptômes de cette maladie • s'observent également sur l'oignon • (AWum cepa). • • • • Traitements: 24 Traitements: S. Traitements: 2 3 • 10 • • • • • • • Colietotricïuun gloeosporioides Alternaria porri Colletot.richunl capsici • ALLIUM SATNUM ANANAS COMOSUS ANNONA SgUAMOSA AIL (Garlic) ANANAS (Pineapple) POMME-CANNELLE (Sugar apple) Liliacées Broméliacées Annonacées Aspergillus niger Ceratocystis (Chalara) paradoxa Colletotrichum gloeosporioides Ceratostomella paradoxa Moisissure de la gousse Pourriture du coeur Anthracnose Localisation sur la plante: Fr Localisation sur la plante: Fr Localisation sur la plante :F Importance de la maladie: 0 Importance de la maladie: 00 Importance de la maladie: 0 Symptômes Symptômes Symptômes Cette moisissure non spécialisée se Pourriture brune, humide, s 'éten­ Nécrose brune envahissant, le long présente sous l'aspect d'un feutrage dant de l'extérieur vers le centre du des nervures, la quasi-totalité de la mycélien dense, brun foncé à noir, fruit. Les lésions d'abord limitées feuille et occasionnant, en fin d'at­ se développant sur une tache né cro­ envahissent l'ananas entier. taque une défoliation partielle ou sa n te, entraînant ainsi la pourriture totale du plant. s èche e t la momification des gousses. Maladie observée lors de la conservation. • • • • • Traitements : & Traitements: jJ.3 Traitements: 2 4. • 12 • • • • • • • • • o l ri9~L m • A pergillus niger Colle l gloeosporioicles • ANTHURIUM ANDREANUM ANTHURIUM ANDREANUM APIUM CRAVEOLENS ANTHURIUM ANTHURIUM CELERI (Celery) Aracées Aracées Ombelliféracées Colletotrichum gloeosporioides Fusarium oxysporum Colletotrichum gloeosporioides Anthracnose Fusariose de l'Anthurium Anthracnose Localisation sur la plante: T, F Localisation sur la plante: R, C, T Localisation sur la plante: F Importance de la maladie : 0 Importance de la maladie: 00 Importance de la maladie : 00 Symptômes Symptômes Symptômes Anthracnose des feuilles. Cette Ce champignon du sol est respon­ Taches brun foncé, molles, s'éten­ maladie, relativement grave en serre sable de la pourriture des racines et dant sur les pétioles et le limbe des • ou sous ombrière, se caractérise par du collet. Il provoque le flétrisse­ feuilles. Cette anthracnose peut des taches rondes, noires. transper­ ment complet du plant puis souvent entraîner le flétrissement complet çant le limbe et faisant perdre à la des plants voisins qui sont rapide­ du pied de céleri. feuille son caractère ornemental. ment contaminés par les spores • véhiculées dans les eaux
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