Distribution Maps of Plant Diseases Bipolaris Sacchari (E.J

Distribution Maps of Plant Diseases Bipolaris sacchari (E.J. Butler) Shoemaker Fungi: Ascomycota: Pleosporales Compiled by CABI in association with EPPO www.cabi.org/dmpd Main hosts: sugarcane (Saccharum spp.), citronella grass (Cymbopogon citratus) and elephant grass (Pennisetum purpureum). Map No. 349 Edition 4 Issued April 2012

Present: national record Present: subnational record CABI/EPPO (2012) Bipolaris sacchari. Distribution Maps of Plant Diseases No. 349. CABI Head Office, Wallingford, UK.

ISSN 0012-396X ©CAB International 2012 CABI is a trading name of CAB International April 2012 Bipolaris sacchari Map No. 349 (Edition 4)

Note: Syn. Drechslera sacchari (E.J. Butler) Subram. & B.L. Jain; Helminthosporium sacchari E.J. Butler. See IMI Descriptions of Pathogenic Fungi and Bacteria No. 305.

Records are based on bibliographic data from the CAB ABSTRACTS database, specimens in the IMI fungus collection and plant quarantine information compiled by EPPO X: Present, no details A: Present: widespread B: Present, restricted distribution C: Present, few occurrences (D): Absent, formerly present (E): Eradicated (F): Intercepted only

EUROPE Sivanesan, A. (1987) Mycological Papers 158, 1-261. [Source: http://nt.ars- grin.gov/fungaldatabases.] Italy X Comstock, J. C. (2000) In: A Guide to Sugarcane Diseases (Ed. by Rott, P.; Bailey, R.A.; Comstock, J.C.; Croft, B.J.; Saumtally, A.S.), 100-103. CIRAD, Paris, France. Andaman and XComstock, J. C. (2000) In: A Guide to Sugarcane Diseases (Ed. by Rott, P.; Bailey, R.A.; Comstock, Nicobar Islands J.C.; Croft, B.J.; Saumtally, A.S.), 100-103. CIRAD, Paris, France. [Andaman Islands.] Portugal B IMI (1992) [Little Andaman Islands]. Madeira X Comstock, J. C. (2000) In: A Guide to Sugarcane Diseases (Ed. by Rott, P.; Bailey, R.A.; Comstock, J.C.; Croft, B.J.; Saumtally, A.S.), 100-103. CIRAD, Paris, France. Andhra Pradesh XIMI (1990) [Hyderabad]. Russia B Assam XNath, P.; Goswami, P. K. (1997) Indian Sugar 47 (8), 633-634. Far East X Martyniyuk, T. D. (2003) Mikologiya i Fitopatologiya 37 (3), 80-85. [Primorsky Region. First record Nath, P.; Saikia, A. K.; Singh, S. N. (1999) Indian Phytopathology 52 (4), 420. on maize (Zea mays).] Subramanian, C. V. (1971) Hyphomycetes. An account of Indian species, except Cercosporae. Indian Coucil of Agricultural Research, New Delhi, India, 930 pp. Karnataka XHirenath, P. C.; Sulladmath, V. V.; Patil Kulkarni, B. G.; Hegde, R. K. (1975) Current Science 44 (5), ASIA 166-167. Bangladesh X Comstock, J. C. (2000) In: A Guide to Sugarcane Diseases (Ed. by Rott, P.; Bailey, R.A.; Comstock, Kumaraswamy, S.; Rabindra, B. (1978) Current Research 5, 89. [Mandya District.] J.C.; Croft, B.J.; Saumtally, A.S.), 100-103. CIRAD, Paris, France. Subbaiah, P. V.; Shetty, H. S.; Safeeulla, K. M. (1982) Indian Journal of Microbiology 22 (1), 57-60. Hossain, I. H. (1998) Proceedings of the Inter-American Sugar Cane Seminar, Crop Production and [Mysore.] Mechanization, Miami, USA, 9-11 September 1998, 99-109, 367-378. Inter-American Sugar Cane Seminars, Miami, USA. [First record.] BPI (1967) [Hebbal, Bangalore]; (1966) [Kadugodi, Bangalore]. Bhutan X IMI (1986). Madhya Pradesh XIMI (1989) [Majholi]. Cambodia X Comstock, J. C. (2000) In: A Guide to Sugarcane Diseases (Ed. by Rott, P.; Bailey, R.A.; Comstock, Maharashtra XGiri, G. K.; Gade, R. M.; Patil, C. U. (2001) Journal of Soils and Crops 11 (1), 109-112. [Akola and J.C.; Croft, B.J.; Saumtally, A.S.), 100-103. CIRAD, Paris, France. Buldhana districts. On wheat (Triticum spp.).] Ellis, M. B.; Holliday, P. (1971) IMI Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria No. 305. CABI Bioscience, Ingle, R. W.; Raut, J. G. (1993) Seed Research 21 (2), 131-132. [Vidarbha Region. On pearl millet Egham, Surrey, UK. (Pennisetum glaucum).] China X Comstock, J. C. (2000) In: A Guide to Sugarcane Diseases (Ed. by Rott, P.; Bailey, R.A.; Comstock, Khot, C. G.; Magdum, S. G.; Veer, D. M.; Patil, A. K.; Patil, S. A. (2003) Indian Sugar 53 (7), 497- J.C.; Croft, B.J.; Saumtally, A.S.), 100-103. CIRAD, Paris, France. 500. [Kolhapur.] Tai, F. L. (1979) Sylloge Fungorum Sinicorum. Science Press, Academica Sinica, Beijing, China, Rajasthan XSubramanian, C. V. (1971) Hyphomycetes. An account of Indian species, except Cercosporae. 1527 pp. [Source: http://nt.ars-grin.gov/fungaldatabases.] Indian Coucil of Agricultural Research, New Delhi, India, 930 pp. Taylor, P. (1986) BSES Bulletin 16, 11. Tamil Nadu XShah, S. E.; Devaraj, G.; Balusamy, M.; Chockalingam, S. (1990) Bharatiya Sugar 15 (5), 77-80. [Melalathur.] Wang, T. M. (1982) Sugarcane Pathologists' Newsletter 29, 27-30. Uttar Pradesh XGupta, M. R.; Gupta, D. N. (1978) Indian Sugar 28 (4), 185-187. [West.] Fujian X Zhang, B. C.; Huang, Y. C. (1990) Review of Plant Pathology 69 (3), 97-118. Sharma, S. R.; Yadav, R. N. (1997) Cooperative Sugar 28 (6), 450-452. [Central and West.] Guangdong X Wang, J.; Cen, B. Z.; Jiang, Z. S.; Peng, S. B.; Tong, Z. J.; Li, G. C. (1995) Journal of South China Agricultural University 16 (4), 47-49. [Zhaoqing. On Chinese fir (Cunninghamia lanceolata).] IMI (1979) [Lucknow]. Wang, T. M. (1982) Journal of the South China Agricultural College 3 (3), 51-53. [Pearl River Delta.] West Bengal XBiswas, A. (1986) Indian Journal of Mycological Research 24 (2), 159-160. Zhang, B. C.; Huang, Y. C. (1990) Review of Plant Pathology 69 (3), 97-118. De, T. K. (1993) Journal of Mycopathological Research 31 (1), 25-27. [On Pennisetum sp.] Guangxi X Zhang, B. C.; Huang, Y. C. (1990) Review of Plant Pathology 69 (3), 97-118. IMI (1987) [Chuchurah, Kolkata]. Hong Kong X Lu, B.; Hyde, K. D.; Ho, W. H.; Tsui, K. M.; Taylor, J. E.; Wong, K. M.; Yanna; Zhou, D. (2000) Indonesia XComstock, J. C. (2000) In: A Guide to Sugarcane Diseases (Ed. by Rott, P.; Bailey, R.A.; Comstock, Checklist of Hong Kong Fungi. Fungal Diversity Press, Hong Kong, China, 207 pp. [Source: J.C.; Croft, B.J.; Saumtally, A.S.), 100-103. CIRAD, Paris, France. http://nt.ars-grin.gov/fungaldatabases.] Irian Jaya XShivas, R. G.; Suyoko, S.; Raga, N.; Hyde, K. D. (1996) Australasian Plant Pathology 25, 36-49. Zhuang, W. Y. (ed) (2001) Higher Fungi of Tropical China. Mycotaxon Ltd., Ithaca, NY, USA, 485 [Blak, Jayapura, and Manokwari.] pp. [Source: http://nt.ars-grin.gov/fungaldatabases.] Iran XSoleimani, M. J.; Kazemi, S. (2006) Plant Pathology 55 (2), 305. [Hamada. First record on wheat Hunan X Zhang, B. C.; Huang, Y. C. (1990) Review of Plant Pathology 69 (3), 97-118. (Triticum aestivum).] Jiangxi X Zhang, B. C.; Huang, Y. C. (1990) Review of Plant Pathology 69 (3), 97-118. Israel XKenneth, R. (1958) Bulletin of the Research Council of Israel. Section D. Botany 6 (4), 191-210. [As Helminthosporium sacchari.] Nei Menggu X Wu, Y. M.; Zhang, T. Y. (2008) Mycosystema 27 (4), 497-503. [Xi Ujimqin Qi.] Japan XComstock, J. C. (2000) In: A Guide to Sugarcane Diseases (Ed. by Rott, P. Bailey, R.A. Comstock, Sichuan X Zhang, B. C.; Huang, Y. C. (1990) Review of Plant Pathology 69 (3), 97-118. J.C.; Croft, B.J.; Saumtally, A.S.), 100-103. CIRAD, Paris, France. Yunnan X Zhang, B. C.; Huang, Y. C. (1990) Review of Plant Pathology 69 (3), 97-118. Malaysia XComstock, J. C. (2000) In: A Guide to Sugarcane Diseases (Ed. by Rott, P. Bailey, R.A. Comstock, India X Agnihotri, V. P. (1996) Indian Phytopathology 49 (2), 109-126. J.C.; Croft, B.J.; Saumtally, A.S.), 100-103. CIRAD, Paris, France. Prakash, 0.; Misra, A. P. (1976) Indian Phytopathology 29 (3), 330-332. Sivanesan, A. (1987) Mycological Papers 158, 1-261. [Source: http://nt.ars- Singh, R. A.; Misra, A. P. (1979) Indian Journal of Mycology and Plant Pathology 9, 262-264. grin.gov/fungaldatabases.] [Source: http://nt.ars-grin.gov/fungaldatabases.]

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Peninsular X IMI (1971); (1970) [Kuala Lumpur Federal Territory]. Egypt X Comstock, J. C. (2000) In: A Guide to Sugarcane Diseases (Ed. by Rott, P.; Bailey, R.A.; Comstock, Malaysia J.C.; Croft, B.J.; Saumtally, A.S.), 100-103. CIRAD, Paris, France. Sabah X Williams, T. H.; Liu, P. S. W. (1976) Phytopathological Paper 19, 1-67. [Source: h p://nt.ars- Rosenfeld, A. H. (1939) Proceedings of the International Society of Sugarcane Technologists; 6th grin.gov/fungaldatabases.] Congress, Baton Rouge, 1938, 194-198 pp. [As Helminthosporium sacchari.] IMI (1963) [Semporna]. Ghana X Baronowski, A. (1970) Bulletin Crop Research Institute CSIR, Ghana 2, 95 pp. Sarawak X Turner, G. J. (1971) Phytopathological Paper 13, 1-55. [Source: http://nt.ars- Kenya X Comstock, J. C. (2000) In: A Guide to Sugarcane Diseases (Ed. by Rott, P.; Bailey, R.A.; Comstock, grin.gov/fungaldatabases.] J.C.; Croft, B.J.; Saumtally, A.S.), 100-103. CIRAD, Paris, France. IMI (1959) [Muri]. Osoro, M. 0. (1980) Plant Disease 64 (6), 554-555. Myanmar X Thaung, M. M. (2008) Australasian Mycology 27 (3), 149-172. [Kyaunggon and Mingaladon. ] Madagascar X Comstock, J. C. (2000) In: A Guide to Sugarcane Diseases (Ed. by Rott, P. Bailey, R.A. Comstock, Pakistan X Ahmad, M.; Ilyas, M. B.; Bajwa, M. N. (1992) Pakistan Journal of Phytopathology 2 (1-2), 87-88. J.C.; Croft, B.J.; Saumtally, A.S.), 100-103. CIRAD, Paris, France. [Punjab. First record.] Malawi X Comstock, J. C. (2000) In: A Guide to Sugarcane Diseases (Ed. by Rott, P.; Bailey, R.A.; Comstock, Anwar, M. S.; Khan, H. M. W. A.; Chattha, A. A. (2001) Pakistan Sugar Journal 16 (6), 76-80. J.C.; Croft, B.J.; Saumtally, A.S.), 100-103. CIRAD, Paris, France. [Faisalabad.] Peregrine, W. T. H.; Siddiqi, M. A. (1972) Phytopathological Paper 16, 1-51. [Source: http://nt.ars- Anwar, M. S.; Khan, H. W. A.; Munir, M.; Chattha, A. A.; Zia, A. (2010) Pakistan Sugar Journal 25 grin.gov/fungaldatabases.] (1), 10-13. [Punjab.] Mauritius X Comstock, J. C. (2000) In: A Guide to Sugarcane Diseases (Ed. by Rott, P.; Bailey, R.A.; Comstock, Anwar, M. S.; Khan, H. W. A.; Munir, M.; Chattha, A. A.; Zia, A. (2010) Pakistan Sugar Journal 25 J.C.; Croft, B.J.; Saumtally, A.S.), 100-103. CIRAD, Paris, France. (2), 7-9. [Punjab.] Sivanesan, A. (1987) Mycological Papers 158, 1-261. [Source: http://nt.ars- Philippines X Comstock, J. C. (2000) In: A Guide to Sugarcane Diseases (Ed. by Rott, P.; Bailey, R.A.; Comstock, grin.gov/fungaldatabases.] J.C.; Croft, B.J.; Saumtally, A.S.), 100-103. CIRAD, Paris, France. IMI (1969) [Reduit]. Teodoro, N. G. (1937) Technical Bulletin, Department of Agricultural Commodities Manila 4, 1-585. Mozambique X Comstock, J. C. (2000) In: A Guide to Sugarcane Diseases (Ed. by Rott, P. Bailey, R.A. Comstock, [Source: http://nt.ars-grin.gov/fungaldatabases.] J.C.; Croft, B.J.; Saumtally, A.S.), 100-103. CIRAD, Paris, France. Zhang, W. M.; Moody, K.; Watson, A. K. (1996) Plant Disease 80, 1053-1058. On jungle rice Nigeria X Comstock, J. C. (2000) In: A Guide to Sugarcane Diseases (Ed. by Rott, P.; Bailey, R.A.; Comstock, (Echinochloa colona). Source: http://nt.ars-grin.gov/fungaldatabases.] J.C.; Croft, B.J.; Saumtally, A.S.), 100-103. CIRAD, Paris, France. BPI (1966) [Laguna]; (1929) [Victorian, Negros Occidental]. Sivanesan, A. (1987) Mycological Papers 158, 1-261. On Bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon). Sri Lanka X Comstock, J. C. (2000) In: A Guide to Sugarcane Diseases (Ed. by Rott, P.; Bailey, R.A.; Comstock, Source: http://nt.ars-grin.gov/fungaldatabases.] J.C.; Croft, B.J.; Saumtally, A.S.), 100-103. CIRAD, Paris, France. IMI (1961) [Kaduna]. Sivanesan, A. (1987) Mycological Papers 158, 1-261. [Source: http://nt.ars- Reunion X Comstock, J. C. (2000) In: A Guide to Sugarcane Diseases (Ed. by Rott, P.; Bailey, R.A.; Comstock, grin.gov/fungaldatabases.] J.C.; Croft, B.J.; Saumtally, A.S.), 100-103. CIRAD, Paris, France. IMI (1981). Senegal X Comstock, J. C. (2000) In: A Guide to Sugarcane Diseases (Ed. by Rott, P.; Bailey, R.A.; Comstock, Taiwan X Anon. (1979) List of Plant Diseases in Taiwan. Plant Protection Society, China, 404 pp. [Source: J.C.; Croft, B.J.; Saumtally, A.S.), 100-103. CIRAD, Paris, France. http://nt.ars-grin.gov/fungaldatabases.] Ellis, M. B.; Holliday, P. (1971) IMI Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria No. 305. CABI Bioscience, Comstock, J. C. (2000) In: A Guide to Sugarcane Diseases (Ed. by Rott, P.; Bailey, R.A.; Comstock, Egham, Surrey, UK. J.C.; Croft, B.J.; Saumtally, A.S.), 100-103. CIRAD, Paris, France. Sivanesan, A. (1987) Mycological Papers 158, 1-261. [Source: http://nt.ars- Sawada, K. (1959) Special Publication, College of Agriculture, National Taiwan University 8, 1-268. grin.gov/fungaldatabases.] [Source: http://nt.ars-grin.gov/fungaldatabases.] IMI (1978); (1973). Zhang, B. C.; Huang, Y. C. (1990) Review of Plant Pathology 69 (3), 97-118. Sierra Leone X Comstock, J. C. (2000) In: A Guide to Sugarcane Diseases (Ed. by Rott, P.; Bailey, R.A.; Comstock, Thailand X Comstock, J. C. (2000) In: A Guide to Sugarcane Diseases (Ed. by Rott, P.; Bailey, R.A.; Comstock, J.C.; Croft, B.J.; Saumtally, A.S.), 100-103. CIRAD, Paris, France. J.C.; Croft, B.J.; Saumtally, A.S.), 100-103. CIRAD, Paris, France. Sivanesan, A. (1987) Mycological Papers 158, 1-261. On Bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon). Vietnam X Anon. (2009) IHS for Zea mays Seeds for sowing from Vietnam. Technical Policy Section, Source: http://nt.ars-grin.gov/fungaldatabases.] Quarantine Division, Ministry of Agriculture, Matautu, Samoa, 14 pp. IMI (1950); (1948). Comstock, J. C. (2000) In: A Guide to Sugarcane Diseases (Ed. by Rott, P.; Bailey, R.A.; Comstock, South Africa X Comstock, J. C. (2000) In: A Guide to Sugarcane Diseases (Ed. by Rott, P.; Bailey, R.A.; Comstock, J.C.; Croft, B.J.; Saumtally, A.S.), 100-103. CIRAD, Paris, France. J.C.; Croft, B.J.; Saumtally, A.S.), 100-103. CIRAD, Paris, France. Crous, P. W.; Phillips, A. J. L.; Baxter, A. P. (2000) Phytopathogenic Fungi from South Africa. Department of Plant Pathology Press, University of Stellenbosch, Stellenbosch, South Africa, 358 AFRICA pp. [Source: http://nt.ars-grin.gov/fungaldatabases.] Cameroon X Comstock, J. C. (2000) In: A Guide to Sugarcane Diseases (Ed. by Rott, P.; Bailey, R.A.; Comstock, Gorier, G. J. M. A. (1977) Republic of South Africa, Department of Agriculture and Technical J.C.; Croft, B.J.; Saumtally, A.S.), 100-103. CIRAD, Paris, France. Services, Plant Protection Research Institute, Scientific Bulletin 392, 1-177. [Source: http://nt.ars- Congo X Comstock, J. C. (2000) In: A Guide to Sugarcane Diseases (Ed. by Rott, P.; Bailey, R.A.; Comstock, grin.gov/fungaldatabases.] Democratic J.C.; Croft, B.J.; Saumtally, A.S.), 100-103. CIRAD, Paris, France. Sivanesan, A. (1987) Mycological Papers 158, 1-261. [Source: http://nt.ars- Republic grin.gov/fungaldatabases.]

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Tanzania X Comstock, J. C. (2000) In: A Guide to Sugarcane Diseases (Ed. by Rott, P.; Bailey, R.A.; Comstock, Tew, T. L.; Wu, K. K.; Nagai, C.; Wells, W. C. (1992) Crop Science 32 (1), 281. J.C.; Croft, B.J.; Saumtally, A.S.), 100-103. CIRAD, Paris, France. Louisiana X Sprague, R. (1950) Diseases of Cereals and Grasses in North America. Ronald Press Company, Uganda X Comstock, J. C. (2000) In: A Guide to Sugarcane Diseases (Ed. by Rott, P.; Bailey, R.A.; Comstock, New York, USA, 538 pp. [Source: http://nt.ars-grin.gov/fungaldatabases.] J.C.; Croft, B.J.; Saumtally, A.S.), 100-103. CIRAD, Paris, France. Maryland X BPI (1945) [Beltsville]. Sivanesan, A. (1987) Mycological Papers 158, 1-261. [Source: http://nt.ars- grin.gov/fungaldatabases.] BPI (1921) [Kampala]. CENTRAL AMERICA & CARIBBEAN IMI (1961). Antigua and X Comstock, J. C. (2000) In: A Guide to Sugarcane Diseases (Ed. by Rott, P.; Bailey, R.A.; Comstock, Barbuda J.C.; Croft, B.J.; Saumtally, A.S.), 100-103. CIRAD, Paris, France. [Antigua.] Zambia X IMI (1972) [Mt. Makulu Research Station]. Barbados X Comstock, J. C. (2000) In: A Guide to Sugarcane Diseases (Ed. by Rott, P.; Bailey, R.A.; Comstock, Zimbabwe X Comstock, J. C. (2000) In: A Guide to Sugarcane Diseases (Ed. by Rott, P.; Bailey, R.A.; Comstock, J.C.; Croft, B.J.; Saumtally, A.S.), 100-103. CIRAD, Paris, France. J.C.; Croft, B.J.; Saumtally, A.S.), 100-103. CIRAD, Paris, France. Norse, D. (1974) Phytopathological Paper 18, 1-38. [Source: http://nt.ars-grin.gov/fungaldatabases.] Belize X Comstock, J. C. (2000) In: A Guide to Sugarcane Diseases (Ed. by Rott, P.; Bailey, R.A.; Comstock, NORTH AMERICA J.C.; Croft, B.J.; Saumtally, A.S.), 100-103. CIRAD, Paris, France. Mexico X Alvarado, M. L. (1989) Revista Mexicana de Fitopatologia 7 (2), 208-210. Costa Rica X Comstock, J. C. (2000) In: A Guide to Sugarcane Diseases (Ed. by Rott, P.; Bailey, R.A.; Comstock, Alvarez, M. G. (1976) Fitofilo 71, 1-169. [Source: http://nt.ars-grin.gov/fungaldatabases.] J.C.; Croft, B.J.; Saumtally, A.S.), 100-103. CIRAD, Paris, France. Comstock, J. C. (2000) In: A Guide to Sugarcane Diseases (Ed. by Rott, P.; Bailey, R.A.; Comstock, McGuire, J. U. Jr.; Crandall, B. S. (1967) Survey of Insect Pests and Plant Diseases of selected J.C.; Croft, B.J.; Saumtally, A.S.), 100-103. CIRAD, Paris, France. Food Crops of Mexico, Central America and Panama. International Agricultural Development Service, ARS, USDA-AID, USA, 157 pp. [Source: http://nt.ars-grin.gov/fungaldatabases.] McGuire, J. U. Jr.; Crandall, B. S. (1967) Survey of Insect Pests and Plant Diseases of selected Food Crops of Mexico, Central America and Panama. International Agricultural Development Cuba X Bravo, N. (1990) Revista de Proteccion Vegetal 5 (1-3), 33-37. Service, ARS, USDA-AID, USA, 157 pp. [Source: http://nt.ars-grin.gov/fungaldatabases.] Delgado-Rodriguez, G.; Mena-Portales, J.; Calduch, M.; Decock, C. (2002) Cryptogamie Mycologie USA X Comstock, J. C. (2000) In: A Guide to Sugarcane Diseases (Ed. by Rott, P.; Bailey, R.A.; Comstock, 23, 277-293. [Source: http://nt.ars-grin.gov/fungaldatabases.] J.C.; Croft, B.J.; Saumtally, A.S.), 100-103. CIRAD, Paris, France. Ramos Leal, M.; Maribona, R. H. (1988) Revista de Proteccion Vegetal 3 (2), 106-110. Farr, D. F.; Bills, G. F.; Chamuris, G. P.; Rossman, A. Y. (1989) Fungi on Plants and Plant Products Ramos Leal, M.; Maribona, R. H. (1988) Revista de Proteccion Vegetal 3 (2), 98-105. in the United States. APS Press, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA, 1252 pp. Dominican XCiferri, R. (1929) Series B Botanica, Estacion Agronomica de Moca 14, 1-260. [Source: http://ntars- Alabama XBlain, W. L. (1931) Mycologia 23, 300-304. [Source: http://nt.ars-grin.gov/fungaldatabases.] Republic grin.gov/fungaldatabases.] Sprague, R. (1950) Diseases of Cereals and Grasses in North America. Ronald Press Company, Ciferri, R. (1961) Quaderno 19, 1-539. [Source: http://ntars-grin.gov/fungaldatabases.] New York, USA, 538 pp. [Source: http://nt.ars-grin.gov/fungaldatabases.] Comstock, J. C. (2000) In: A Guide to Sugarcane Diseases (Ed. by Rott, P.; Bailey, R.A.; Comstock, Florida XAlfieri, S. A. Jr.; Langdon, K. R.; Wehlburg, C.; Kimbrough, J. W. (1984) Florida Department of J.C.; Croft, B.J.; Saumtally, A.S.), 100-103. CIRAD, Paris, France. Agriculture and Consumer Services, Division of Plant Industries Bulletin 11, 1-389. [Source: El Salvador X Comstock, J. C. (2000) In: A Guide to Sugarcane Diseases (Ed. by Rott, P.; Bailey, R.A.; Comstock, http://nt.ars-grin.gov/fungaldatabases.] J.C.; Croft, B.J.; Saumtally, A.S.), 100-103. CIRAD, Paris, France. Elliott, M. L.; Rayamajhi, M. B. (2005) Plant Disease 89 (11), 1244. [Hamilton, Highland and Ellis, M. B.; Holliday, P. (1971) IMI Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria No. 305. CABI Bioscience, Madison Counties. On Japanese climbing fern (Lygodium japonicum).] Egham, Surrey, UK. Sonoda, R. M.; Turner, B. M.; Schubert, T. S. (1993) Plant Disease 77 (1), 101. [St. Lucie County. McGuire, J. U. Jr.; Crandall, B. S. (1967) Survey of Insect Pests and Plant Diseases of selected First record on guineagrass (Urochloa maxima).] Food Crops of Mexico, Central America and Panama. International Agricultural Development Steiner, G. W.; Byther, R. S. (1976) Phytopathology 66 (4), 423-425. Service, ARS, USDA-AID, USA, 157 pp. [Source: http://nt.ars-grin.gov/fungaldatabases.] Georgia X Anon. (1960) Index of Plant Diseases in the United States. USDA Agricultural Handbook 165, 531 Grenada X Comstock, J. C. (2000) In: A Guide to Sugarcane Diseases (Ed. by Rott, P.; Bailey, R.A.; Comstock, pp. [Source: http://nt.ars-grin.gov/fungaldatabases.] J.C.; Croft, B.J.; Saumtally, A.S.), 100-103. CIRAD, Paris, France. Luttrell, E. S. (1954) Plant Disease Reporter 38, 507-514. [Source: http://nt.ars- Guadeloupe X Comstock, J. C. (2000) In: A Guide to Sugarcane Diseases (Ed. by Rott, P.; Bailey, R.A.; Comstock, grin.gov/fungaldatabases.] J.C.; Croft, B.J.; Saumtally, A.S.), 100-103. CIRAD, Paris, France. Sprague, R. (1950) Diseases of Cereals and Grasses in North America. Ronald Press Company, Toribio, J. A.; Beramis, M. (1989) Bulletin Agronomique (Petit Bourg) 9, 64-67. New York, USA, 538 pp. [Source: http://nt.ars-grin.gov/fungaldatabases.] Guatemala X Comstock, J. C. (2000) In: A Guide to Sugarcane Diseases (Ed. by Rott, P.; Bailey, R.A.; Comstock, BPI (1944) [Tifton]. J.C.; Croft, B.J.; Saumtally, A.S.), 100-103. CIRAD, Paris, France. Hawaii X Han lin, R. T.; Foudin, L. L.; Berisford, Y.; Glover, S. U.; Jones, J. P.; Huang, L. H. (1978) Agricultural McGuire, J. U. Jr.; Crandall, B. S. (1967) Survey of Insect Pests and Plant Diseases of selected Experiment Station, University of Georgia Research Report 277, 1-62. [Source: http://nt.ars- Food Crops of Mexico, Central America and Panama. International Agricultural Development grin.gov/fungaldatabases.] Service, ARS, USDA-AID, USA, 157 pp. [Source: http://nt.ars-grin.gov/fungaldatabases.] Raabe, R. D.; Conners, I. L.; Martinez, A. P. (1981) College of Tropical Agriculture and Human Haiti X Benjamin, C. R.; Slot, A. (1969) Sydowia 23, 125-163. [Source: http://nt.ars- Resources, University of Hawaii, Information Text Series 22, 1-313. [Source: http://nt.ars- grin.gov/fungaldatabases.] grin.gov/fungaldatabases.] Comstock, J. C. (2000) In: A Guide to Sugarcane Diseases (Ed. by Rott, P.; Bailey, R.A.; Comstock, Sivanesan, A. (1987) Mycological Papers 158, 1-261. [Source: http://nt.ars- J.C.; Croft, B.J.; Saumtally, A.S.), 100-103. CIRAD, Paris, France. grin.gov/fungaldatabases.]

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Honduras X Comstock, J. C. (2000) In: A Guide to Sugarcane Diseases (Ed. by Rott, P.; Bailey, R.A.; Comstock, SOUTH AMERICA J.C.; Croft, B.J.; Saumtally, A.S.), 100-103. CIRAD, Paris, France. Argentina - X Comstock, J. C. (2000) In: A Guide to Sugarcane Diseases (Ed. by Rott, P. Bailey, R.A. Comstock, McGuire, J. U. Jr.; Crandall, B. S. (1967) Survey of Insect Pests and Plant Diseases of selected J.C.; Croft, B.J.; Saumtally, A.S.), 100-103. CIRAD, Paris, France. Food Crops of Mexico, Central America and Panama. International Agricultural Development Service, ARS, USDA-AID, USA, 157 pp. [Source: http://nt.ars-grin.gov/fungaldatabases.] Bolivia X Comstock, J. C. (2000) In: A Guide to Sugarcane Diseases (Ed. by Rott, P.; Bailey, R.A.; Comstock, J.C.; Croft, B.J.; Saumtally, A.S.), 100-103. CIRAD, Paris, France. Jamaica X Comstock, J. C. (2000) In: A Guide to Sugarcane Diseases (Ed. by Rott, P.; Bailey, R.A.; Comstock, J.C.; Croft, B.J.; Saumtally, A.S.), 100-103. CIRAD, Paris, France. Brazil X Anon. (1978) Brasil Acucareiro 92 (2), 7-14. Larter, L. N. H.; Martyn, E. B. (1943) Mycological Papers 8, 1-16. Anon. (1980) Planalsucar - Annual report 1978. Institute of Sugar & Alcohol, Sao Paulo, Brazil, 98 Lenne, J. M. (1990) Phytopathological Paper 31, 1-162. [Source: http://nt.ars- PP. grin.gov/fungaldatabases.] Comstock, J. C. (2000) In: A Guide to Sugarcane Diseases (Ed. by Rott, P.; Bailey, R.A.; Comstock, J.C.; Croft, B.J.; Saumtally, A.S.), 100-103. CIRAD, Paris, France. Sivanesan, A. (1987) Mycological Papers 158, 1-261. [Source: http://nt.ars- grin.gov/fungaldatabases.] Mendes, M. A. S.; Silva, V. L. da; Dianese, J. C. et al. (1998) Fungi of Plants in Brazil. Embrapa- SPI/Embrapa-Cenargen, Brasilia, Brazil, 555 pp. [Source: http://nt.ars-grin.gov/fungaldatabases.] Martinique X Comstock, J. C. (2000) In: A Guide to Sugarcane Diseases (Ed. by Rott, P.; Bailey, R.A.; Comstock, J.C.; Croft, B.J.; Saumtally, A.S.), 100-103. CIRAD, Paris, France. Acre X BPI (1933) [Rio Branco]. Nicaragua X Delgado, G. (2011) Mycotaxon 115, 534. [Source: http://nt.ars-grin.gov/fungaldatabases.] Minas Gerais X Silva, M.; Mendonca, H. L.; Barreto, R. W.; Pereira, 0. L. (2008) Australasian Plant Disease Notes 3 (1), 10-11. [Tocantins. First record. On banana (Musa x paradisiaca).] McGuire, J. U. Jr.; Crandall, B. S. (1967) Survey of Insect Pests and Plant Diseases of selected Food Crops of Mexico, Central America and Panama. International Agricultural Development BPI (1938) [Vicosa]. Service, ARS, USDA-AID, USA, 157 pp. [Source: http://nt.ars-grin.gov/fungaldatabases.] Pernambuco X Reis, A.; Dubeux Junior, J. C. B.; Melo Filho, R. de M.; Menezes, M. (1997) Summa Panama X Comstock, J. C. (2000) In: A Guide to Sugarcane Diseases (Ed. by Rott, P.; Bailey, R.A.; Comstock, Phytopathologica 23 (3/4), 231-235. ['lambed J.C.; Croft, B.J.; Saumtally, A.S.), 100-103. CIRAD, Paris, France. Rio Grande do SulX Farias, C. R. J. de; Ponte, E. M. del; Lucca Filho, 0. A.; Pierobom, C. R. (2005) Revista Brasileira Ellis, M. B.; Holliday, P. (1971) IMI Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria No. 305. CABI Bioscience, de Agrociencia 11 (1), 57-61. [First record on black oats (Avena strigosa).] Egham, Surrey, UK. Colombia X Comstock, J. C. (2000) In: A Guide to Sugarcane Diseases (Ed. by Rott, P.; Bailey, R.A.; Comstock, McGuire, J. U. Jr.; Crandall, B. S. (1967) Survey of Insect Pests and Plant Diseases of selected J.C.; Croft, B.J.; Saumtally, A.S.), 100-103. CIRAD, Paris, France. Food Crops of Mexico, Central America and Panama. International Agricultural Development French Guiana - X Anon. (1970) FAO Caribbean Plant Protection Commission, Port of Spain, Trinidad. 25 pp. Service, ARS, USDA-AID, USA, 157 pp. [Source: http://nt.ars-grin.gov/fungaldatabases.] Ellis, M. B.; Holliday, P. (1971) IMI Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria No. 305. CABI Bioscience, Piepenbring, M. (2006) Puente Biologico 1, 1-190. [Source: http: / /nt.ars- grin.gov /fungaldatabases.] Egham, Surrey, UK. Puerto Rico X Comstock, J. C. (2000) In: A Guide to Sugarcane Diseases (Ed. by Rott, P.; Bailey, R.A.; Comstock, Guyana X Comstock, J. C. (2000) In: A Guide to Sugarcane Diseases (Ed. by Rott, P.; Bailey, R.A.; Comstock, J.C.; Croft, B.J.; Saumtally, A.S.), 100-103. CIRAD, Paris, France. J.C.; Croft, B.J.; Saumtally, A.S.), 100-103. CIRAD, Paris, France. Lenne, J. M. (1990) Phytopathological Paper 31, 1-162. [Source: http://nt.ars- Peru X Comstock, J. C. (2000) In: A Guide to Sugarcane Diseases (Ed. by Rott, P.; Bailey, R.A.; Comstock, grin.gov/fungaldatabases.] J.C.; Croft, B.J.; Saumtally, A.S.), 100-103. CIRAD, Paris, France. Liu, L. (1969) Proceedings, 13th Congress of the International Society of Sugarcane Technologists, Suriname X Comstock, J. C. (2000) In: A Guide to Sugarcane Diseases (Ed. by Rott, P.; Bailey, R.A.; Comstock, Taiwan, 2-17 March 1968, 1212-1218. Elsevier Science Ltd. J.C.; Croft, B.J.; Saumtally, A.S.), 100-103. CIRAD, Paris, France. Stevenson, J. A. (1975) Contributions of the Reed Herbarium 23, 1-743. [Source: http://nt.ars- Venezuela X Lenne, J. M. (1990) Phytopathological Paper 31, 1-162. [Source: http://nt.ars- grin.gov/fungaldatabases.] grin.gov/fungaldatabases.] St Kitts-Nevis X Comstock, J. C. (2000) In: A Guide to Sugarcane Diseases (Ed. by Rott, P.; Bailey, R.A.; Comstock, Sivanesan, A. (1987) Mycological Papers 158, 1-261. [Source: http://nt.ars- J.C.; Croft, B.J.; Saumtally, A.S.), 100-103. CIRAD, Paris, France. grin.gov/fungaldatabases.] St Lucia X Comstock, J. C. (2000) In: A Guide to Sugarcane Diseases (Ed. by Rott, P.; Bailey, R.A.; Comstock, Urtiaga, R. (2004). Index of Plant Diseases in Venezuela and Cuba, Second Edition. 301 pp. J.C.; Croft, B.J.; Saumtally, A.S.), 100-103. CIRAD, Paris, France. [Source: http: / /nt.ars- grin.gov /fungaldatabases.] Wallbridge, A.; Pinegar, J. A. (1975) Transactions of the British Mycological Society 64 (2), 247-254. IMI (1970) [Lara]; (1969). [On banana (Musa sp.).] Trinidad and X Baker, R. E. D.; Dale, W. T. (1951) Mycological Papers 33, 1-123. [Source: http://nt.ars- Tobago grin.gov/fungaldatabases.] OCEANIA Australia X Comstock, J. C. (2000) In: A Guide to Sugarcane Diseases (Ed. by Rott, P.; Bailey, R.A.; Comstock, Comstock, J. C. (2000) In: A Guide to Sugarcane Diseases (Ed. by Rott, P.; Bailey, R.A. Comstock, J.C.; Croft, B.J.; Saumtally, A.S.), 100-103. CIRAD, Paris, France. J.C.; Croft, B.J.; Saumtally, A.S.), 100-103. CIRAD, Paris, France. [Trinidad.] Steiner, G. W.; Byther, R. S. (1976) Phytopathology 66 (4), 423-425. United States X Comstock, J. C. (2000) In: A Guide to Sugarcane Diseases (Ed. by Rott, P.; Bailey, R.A.; Comstock, Virgin Islands J.C.; Croft, B.J.; Saumtally, A.S.), 100-103. CIRAD, Paris, France. [St. Thomas.] New South Wales X IMI (1972) [Armidale]. [On Eucalyptus parviflora.] Stevenson, J. A. (1975) Contributions of the Reed Herbarium 23, 1-743. [Source: http://nt.ars- Queensland X Hyde, K. D.; Alcorn, J. L. (1993) Australasian Plant Pathology 22, 73-83. [Bamaga, Cape York. grin.gov/fungaldatabases.] Source: http://nt.ars-grin.gov/fungaldatabases.] Windward X IMI (1971); (1970). Simmonds, J. H. (1966) Host Index of Plant Diseases in Queensland. Queensland Department of Islands Primary Industries, Brisbane, Australia, 111 pp. [Source: http://nt.ars-grin.gov/fungaldatabases.]

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Willcox, T. G.; McAleese, C. M. (1978) Proceedings 45th Conference of the Queensland Society of Sivanesan, A. (1987) Mycological Papers 158, 1-261. [Source: http://nt.ars- Sugarcane Technologists, Townsville, Australia, 17-21 April 1978, 103-106. Queensland Society of grin.gov/fungaldatabases.] Sugar Cane Technologists, Brisbane, Australia. [North.] Vanuatu X McKenzie, E. H. C. (1989) The Fungi, Bacteria and Pathogenic Algae of Vanuatu. Plant Diseases Cook Islands X Ding ley, J. M. et al. (1981) Records of Fungi, Bacteria, Algae, and Angiosperms pathogenic on Division, DSIR, Auckland, New Zealand, 91 pp. plants in Cook Islands, Fiji, Kiribati, Niue, Tonga, Tuvalu, and Western Samoa. South Pacific Bureau LCR (1993) [Santo]; (1983) [Port Olry]. for Economic Co-operation, Suva, Fiji, 485 pp. Joseph, P. T.; Purea, M. (1973) Common Pests and Diseases of the Cook Islands. Department of Agriculture, Avarua, Rarotonga, Cook Islands, 3 pp. BPI (1960) [Artutaki, Artutaki Island]. The records from BPI and LCR refer to specimens in the US National Fungus Collections and the International Collection of Microorganisms from Plants, New Zealand National Microbial Collection, respectively (accessed through GBIF Data Portal, www.gbif.net, 25 January 2012). LCR (1975) [Rarotonga]; (1975) [Artutaki]. Fed. States of - X McKenzie, E. H. C.; Jackson, G. V. H. (1990) The Fungi, Bacteria and Pathogenic Algae of the Micronesia Federated States of Micronesia. South Pacific Commission, Noumea, New Caledonia, 67 pp. [Pohnpei.] Morwood, R. B. (1959) Diseases of Plants in the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands. 24 pp. [Pohnpei.] LCR (1986) [Colonia, Yap]; (1986) [Malem, Kosrae]. Fiji X Comstock, J. C. (2000) In: A Guide to Sugarcane Diseases (Ed. by Rott, P.; Bailey, R.A.; Comstock, J.C.; Croft, B.J.; Saumtally, A.S.), 100-103. CIRAD, Paris, France. Ding ley, J. M. et al. (1981) Records of Fungi, Bacteria, Algae, and Angiosperms pathogenic on plants in Cook Islands, Fiji, Kiribati, Niue, Tonga, Tuvalu, and Western Samoa. South Pacific Bureau for Economic Co-operation, Suva, Fiji, 485 pp. Firman, I. D. (1972) Phytopathological Paper 15, 1-36. [Source: http://nt.ars- grin.gov/fungaldatabases.] Stevenson, J. A.; Rands, R. D. (1938) Hawaiian Planters' Record 42 (4), 247-313. French X LCR (2001) [Tahiti]. Polynesia New Zealand X Anon. (2011) NZFUNGI - New Zealand Fungi and Bacteria. Landcare Research, New Zealand. http://nzfungi.landcareresearch.co.nz/html/data.asp?ID=8)NAMEPKey=875. IMI (1996) [Christchurch]. LCR (1976) [Palmerston North]; (1975) [Pukekohe]; (1975) [Mt. Albert]; (1975) [Waitakere Ranges]. Palau X McKenzie, E. H. C.; Jackson, G. V. H. (1990) The Fungi, Bacteria and Pathogenic Algae of the Republic of Palau. South Pacific Commission, Noumea, New Caledonia, 41 pp. Morwood, R. B. (1959) Diseases of Plants in the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands. 24 pp. Papua New X Hyde, K. D.; Philemon, E. (1994) Australasian Plant Pathology 23, 69-76. [Western Province.] Guinea Shaw, D. E. (1984) Department of Primary Industries, Research Bulletin 33, 1-344. [Source: http://nt.ars-grin.gov/fungaldatabases.] Sivanesan, A. (1987) Mycological Papers 158, 1-261. [Source: http://nt.ars- grin.gov/fungaldatabases.] Samoa X Comstock, J. C. (2000) In: A Guide to Sugarcane Diseases (Ed. by Rott, P.; Bailey, R.A.; Comstock, J.C.; Croft, B.J.; Saumtally, A.S.), 100-103. CIRAD, Paris, France. Ding ley, J. M. et al. (1981) Records of Fungi, Bacteria, Algae, and Angiosperms pathogenic on plants in Cook Islands, Fiji, Kiribati, Niue, Tonga, Tuvalu, and Western Samoa. South Pacific Bureau for Economic Co-operation, Suva, Fiji, 485 pp. LCR (1977) [Alafua, Upo lu]. Solomon Islands- X Comstock, J. C. (2000) In: A Guide to Sugarcane Diseases (Ed. by Rott, P.; Bailey, R.A.; Comstock, J.C.; Croft, B.J.; Saumtally, A.S.), 100-103. CIRAD, Paris, France. Johnston, A. (1960) A preliminary Plant Disease Survey in the British Solomon Islands Protectorate. FAO, Rome, Italy, 36 pp. McKenzie, E. H. C.; Jackson, G. V. H. (1986) The Fungi, Bacteria and Pathogenic Algae of the Solomon Islands. South Pacific Commission, Noumea, New Caledonia, 282 pp.

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