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Međimurski Konj – Prva Knjiga Rodoslovlja

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Međimurski Konj – Prva Knjiga Rodoslovlja Nakladnik HRVATSKA POLJOPRIVREDNA AGENCIJA Za nakladnika doc. dr. sc. Zdravko Barać Urednik dr. sc. Mato Čačić Autori dr. sc. Mato Čačić, Vesna Orehovački, mag.ing.agr., Mirna Šabanović, dipl.ing., Zvonimir Nushol, dipl.ing., Mario Šošić, dipl.ing. Recenzenti dr. sc. Marija Špehar dr. sc. Maja Dražić Stjepan Šimundža, univ. mag. med. vet. Marijan Belčić Lektura Jadranka Vrbnjak – Frerenčak, prof. Grafički urednik Marko Blažević, graf. teh. Berto Pletikosić Tisak Papirna konfekcija Graforad Naklada 300 primjeraka Godina izdanja 2017. CIP zapis dostupan u računalnom katalogu Nacionalne i sveučilišne knjižnice u Zagrebu pod brojem 000968354 ISBN: 978-953-6526-68-0 Copyright © - HRVATSKA POLJOPRIVREDNA AGENCIJA Sva prava autora pridržana. Nijedan dio ove knjige ne smije se reproducirati u bilo kojem obliku ili na bilo koji način, niti pohranjivati u bazu podataka bilo koje namjere bez prethodnog pismenog odobrenja nakladnika, osim u slučajevima kratkih navoda u stručnoj literaturi. Zabranjena je izrada kopija bilo kojeg dijela ove knjige. HRVATSKA POLJOPRIVREDNA AGENCIJA MEĐIMURSKI KONJ PRVA KNJIGA RODOSLOVLJA ____________________________________________________________________________ MEDJIMURJE HORSE - GENEALOGY FIRST BOOK - Zagreb, 2017. Objavljivanje ove knjige pomogla je Međimurska županija kao domicilno područje nastanka izvorne pasmine međimurski konj, te gradovi Čakovec, Prelog i Mursko Središće. MEĐIMURSKA ŽUPANIJA GRAD ČAKOVEC GRAD PRELOG GRAD MURSKO SREDIŠĆE UVODNA RIJEČ RAVNATELJA HRVATSKE POLJOPRIVREDNE AGENCIJE Kroz veliki broj djelatnosti Hrvatska poljoprivredna agencija (HPA) veliku pozornost pridaje očuvanju i unaprjeđenju uzgoja hrvatskih zaštićenih i izvornih pasmina domaćih životinja, a najvažniji dio aktivnosti provodi se u suradnji s uzgojnim organizacijama. Godine 2010. usvojen je Nacionalni program očuvanja izvornih i zaštićenih pasmina domaćih životinja u Republici Hrvatskoj kao temeljni nacionalni akt i podloga budućeg rada na zaštiti hrvatskih izvornih pasmina domaćih životinja. HPA je upravo zbog dugogodišnjeg kontinuiranog rada i postignutog na tom području definirana kao središnja institucija svih aktivnosti koje pridonose očuvanju naših pasmina. Na osnovi spomenutog nacionalnog programa utemeljena je i Banka gena domaćih životinja u Republici Hrvatskoj kojom također upravlja HPA, a čija je zadaća pružiti sigurnost očuvanju genetske raznolikosti aktualnih i budućih populacija izvornih pasmina. Svoj rad u području očuvanja izvornih i zaštićenih pasmina HPA temelji s jedne strane na suradnji sa znanstvenim i stručnim institucijama, a s druge strane na suradnji s uzgojnim udruženjima kao nositeljima uzgojnih programa, kojima kao stručni servis uvijek stoji na raspolaganju. Drugačije rečeno, pokušavamo biti poveznica za prijenos najnovijih znanstvenih spoznaja prema uzgoju, te povratno, informacije o preprekama očuvanja izvornih pasmina prenositi prema znanstvenim institucijama u cilju otklanjanja. Poljoprivredna proizvodnja dinamičan je proces, pogotovo posljednjih desetljeća kada je došlo do važnih strukturnih promjena pasminskog sastava svih domaćih životinja. Stočarstvo je u tom razdoblju bilo usmjereno na pretapanja tradicionalnih i uvođenje visoko specijaliziranih pasmina u proizvodnji mlijeka i mesa. Posljedično, niz je starih, proizvodno slabijih pasmina izgubilo nekadašnju važnost. U proizvodnom smislu, te pasmine s vremenom nisu mogle zadovoljiti zahtjeve uzgajivača i sve veće potrebe potrošača. Stoga je, vrijednost tradicionalnih pasmina, nažalost, godinama bila zapostavljana. Prva upozorenja o gubitku genetskih resursa u govedarstvu izražena su u Hrvatskoj potkraj osamdesetih godina 20. stoljeća, a u godinama koje su slijedile, započela je inventarizacija izvornih pasmina. S tog stajališta, HPA je započela s provedbom sistematizacija rodovničkih podataka i izradom prvih knjiga rodoslovlja, što za izvorne i zaštićene pasmine predstavlja višestruke koristi, od kojih treba istaknuti najvažnije. Postupkom sistematizacije i izrade knjiga rodoslovlja izgrađen je za svaku pasminu vjerodostojan pasminski rodovnik kao siguran temelj daljnjeg planskog vođenja uzgoja u cilju očuvanja genetske varijabilnosti u svakoj pasminskoj populaciji. Posljedično tome, stvoren je temelj za uvođenje testiranja roditeljstva laboratorijskim metodama (DNK test) kao potvrda vjerodostojnosti rodovničkih podataka. Stvoren je ujedno i temelj za vjerodostojna genetska znanstvena istraživanja ukupne genetske raznolikosti izvornih pasmina. Vjerodostojan rodovnik potvrđen na DNK razini osigurava identifikaciju jedinki u populacijama koje imaju veliku važnost za genetsku varijabilnost pasmine. Zbog toga se u Banku gena domaćih životinja Republike Hrvatske ciljano pohranjuje njihov biološki materijal, što pridonosi sigurnosti očuvanja pasmina i genetske varijabilnosti unutar njih. Spoznaje dobivene analizom uzgoja izvornih pasmina učinjenih kroz sistematizacije rodovničkih podataka upozoravaju na opasnosti koje prijete očuvanju svake pojedine populacije. I na kraju, kroz objavljene prve pasminske knjige rodoslovlja zabilježen je tijek utemeljenja i formiranja registara izvornih i zaštićenih pasmina kao informacija za buduće naraštaje stručnjaka, znanstvenika i uzgajivača. Uspostava pasminskog registra međimurskog konja započinje 1999., i to na inicijativu djelatnika HPA koji od tada do danas igra veliku ulogu u očuvanju ove pasmine, a sve to uz podršku uzgajivača ove kritično ugrožene izvorne pasmine konja. Brojčano populacija međimurskog konja od utemeljenja registra do danas bilježi stagnirajući trend, pa će budući rad na očuvanju zasigurno biti intenziviran. Knjiga koja je pred vama služi kao živi dokaz naše ustrajnosti u zaštiti izvorne pasmine međimurski konj, ali i kao dokaz sistematiziranog uzgoja ove naše pasmine od prvih umatičenja do danas. Uvjereni smo da će ova knjiga biti osnova za daljnji razvoj programa uzgoja međimurskog konja, koji će činiti podlogu očuvanja i daljnje zaštite ove naše vrijedne izvorne pasmine konja. Ravnatelj Hrvatske poljoprivredne agencije doc. dr. sc. Zdravko Barać 5 PREDGOVOR AUTORA Izvornom pasminom domaćih životinja smatra se pasmina nastala na određenom području bilo prirodnom selekcijom, zbog specifičnih uvjeta klime i okoliša, ili smišljenom selekcijom čovjeka na određena svojstva, do njihova ustaljivanja. Izvorne i zaštićene pasmine u Republici Hrvatskoj dio su ukupne populacije domaćih životinja, a sustavni rad na njihovu očuvanju započinje 1988. godine. Postojeće zakonodavstvo daje pravni okvir za provedbu njihova uzgoja u broju dostatnom za njihovo očuvanje. Izvorne i zaštićene pasmine predstavljaju dio populacije koja je u uvjetima konvencionalne stočarske proizvodnje slabo konkurentna ili uopće ne može biti konkurentna drugim pasminama i sojevima. Zbog takva položaja u stočarskoj proizvodnji one su od osobitog uzgojnog interesa u okviru kojeg se nizom mjera nastoji osigurati njihov opstanak. Promjena pasminskog sastava populacija u Republici Hrvatskoj pasminama viših proizvodnih potencijala najvećim je dijelom do sada već obavljena. Stoga se u Hrvatskoj može jasno odrediti uzgojni i proizvodni položaj svake od njih što znači utvrditi one pasmine i sojeve kod kojih dodatnim mjerama treba provoditi zaštitu ako želimo da one i dalje budu dio populacija. Provedbe zaštite takvih pasmina i sojeva obavljaju se u okviru zakonskih propisa koji uređuju odnose u uzgoju, čuvanju i njihovu korištenju. Uz to zakonskim je propisima također uređena i materijalna osnovica njihova očuvanja. Zaštita zdravlja izvornih i zaštićenih pasmina treba se temeljiti na preventivi zaraznih i drugih bolesti u uzgojima kako bi se smanjio rizik od izbijanja bolesti te većih gubitaka jedinki (genetske varijabilnosti) ili opasnosti za ljude. Smatra se da su im u EU zakonski okviri prilagođeni, ali da bi trebalo u većoj mjeri sagledati specifičan status izvornih pasmina domaćih životinja. Problem očuvanja nisko produktivnih izvornih pasmina domaćih životinja još se uvijek teško objašnjava i ta činjenica otežava rad na unaprjeđenju uporabe životinjskih genetskih resursa u praksi. Međutim, agrobioraznolikost, pa tako i životinjski genetski resursi kao dio u novom konceptu održiva korištenja genetskih resursa, zauzimaju vrlo važno mjesto sa stajališta prirodnih potencijala, ekonomskih i socijalnih okruženja, te primjenom iskustava pojedinih zemalja. Međimurski konj nastao je na prostoru Međimurja, ili kako su još to područje nazivali "v zemli med dvemi vodami", ograničenom rijekama Murom i Dravom, te na zapadnoj strani državnom granicom prema Republici Sloveniji. Najveći dio prostora Međimurja čini plodna ravnica aluvijalnoga naplavnog porijekla kao dijela Panonije, a na zapadnom je dijelu područje brežuljkasto kao završetak Alpa. Pasminski registar međimurskog konja (matična knjiga) utemeljen je 1999. godine, a 2003. pasmina je službeno uvrštena u Popis izvornih i zaštićenih pasmina u Republici Hrvatskoj (Narovne Novine broj: 73/03). Uz međimurskog konja Republika Hrvatska baštini još izvorne pasmine konja hrvatski hladnokrvnjak i hrvatski posavac, čiji su uzgoji također već sistematizirani istom metodologijom. Trend brojnog stanja kritično ugrožene izvorne pasmine međimurski konj od utemeljenja registra pasmine 1999. do danas ne ulijeva nadu u skoro povećanje populacije. Sistematizacijom uzgoja preko rodovničkih podataka i definiranjem sedam linija pastuha i 37 rodova kobila stvoreni su temelji za daljnje plansko vođenje uzgoja (planski pripust) u cilju sprečavanja smanjenja genetske varijabilnosti, vjerodostojnu
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